SUMMARY ･ 179
SUMMARY
Development of User-centric Charging Infrastructure Policies for Rapid Adoption of Zero Emission Vehicles
Jae Hyun Lee, Seo Youn Yoon, Bokmo Yeon, Soyoung Park
Key words: Zero Emission Vehicles, Electric Vehicles, Charging Behavior, Spatial Analysis
Recently, the Korean government announced a carbon neutralization declaration that aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, supporting various policies to reduce carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions. In particular, the recently-announced strategy for expanding future cars and preoccupying the market plans an active deployment strategy for charging infrastructure where the role of the public is the most important, and plans are being prepared to cope with the actual demand for charging eco-friendly cars. To respond to these policy demands, this study aims to derive a deep understanding of the actual use of eco-friendly vehicles, charging behavior, and the spatial characteristics of charging demand as well as policy measures for charging infrastructure based on them.
A key characteristic of electric vehicle users’ behavior is that the charging behavior and activity-travel behavior are closely related. While most users of the average travel vehicle were charging with slow chargers during their extended stay at home or work, some electric vehicle users with high demand for
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long-distance travel showed the characteristics of active use of public fast chargers and slow chargers in residential areas. Meanwhile, most hydrogen car users showed above-average travel demand and were found to be heavily restricted from using hydrogen cars depending on the location of the charging stations.
Another vital result is that the demand for charging eco-friendly vehicles is differentiated spatially depending on the supply of eco-friendly cars and their travel patterns, but the type of chargers preferred by the location characteristics is also differentiated. In this study, the estimated charging demand was high in Seoul and other metropolitan areas, while residential-based slow charging demand was higher in suburban cities and daytime work or visiting places, and their preferred charging types differed depending on their activity characteristics.
The charging demand for hydrogen cars was also estimated to be high in most metropolitan areas; the demand for hydrogen cars was also expected to be high in local small and medium-sized cities.
As a policy measure for charging infrastructure considering the characteristics of these users, the government should support the achievement of the goal of eco-friendly vehicle adoption by distributing charging infrastructure for space and location characteristics in an effective way. In other words, it is important for electric vehicles to supply charging infrastructure of types (slow/fast ratio) suitable for the characteristics of each place, such as residence, workplace, shopping mall, movie theater, accommodation, and public parking lots in the parking lot of each building. Moreover, for hydrogen cars, a policy to build charging stations in idle areas around urban arteries that are expected to be used regularly by users should be adopted.
Further efforts should be made to prepare for the new and renewable energy era by actively introducing smart charging technologies in the mid-to-long-term.
SUMMARY ･ 181 By introducing an integrated operation management system for charging infrastructure for eco-friendly vehicles, the government should also prepare for the introduction of a two-part charging system or reservation system in case of congestion as a result of charging.
Finally, among chargers built in key locations through public projects and operated by public institutions, the government must review the granting of additional construction rights or private transfers through auctions or other procedures. It must also review policies to build additional chargers in places with high public interest that will generate profits.
