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Magnetic Properties of MgB 2 Thin Films Grown by Using HPCVD

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Magnetic Properties of MgB 2 Thin Films Grown by Using HPCVD

J. C. Lim · K. J. Song

Division of Science Education (Physics) and Institute of Fusion Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea

W. N. Kang

BK21 Physics Division and Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea

(Received 13 September 2013 : revised 11 October 2013 : accepted 12 November 2013)

The magnetic properties of pure MgB

2

superconducting films that were fabricated on Al

2

O

3

substrates by employing the HPCVD (hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition) method, were investigated. The measurements of the magnetization M (H) for the MgB

2

films were carried out at temperatures between 5 K and 50 K in fields up to 6 T by using a PPMS 9 T system with VSM option (Quantum Design). The pure MgB

2

films showed a T

c

(onset temperature) of 39.5 K with good homogeneity of the superconducting properties. The lower critical field H

c1

and the penetration field H

p

approximately followed a linear temperature dependence. The irreversibility field H

irr

(melting line) could be described by using the power-law relation H

irr

(T ) = H

irr

(0)[1 − (T /T

c

)

n

], with n = 0.85 and H

irr

(0) = 3.8 T, for external fields applied parallel to the c-axis and with n = 0.75 and H

irr

(0) = 2.8 T for external fields applied parallel to the ab-plane. The α value in the relation J

c

(∝ 4M ) = H

−α

was estimated to be ∼1.03 at 5 K for external fields applied parallel to the c−axis.

PACS numbers: 74.25.Ha, 74.60.Jg, 74.70.Ad

Keywords: MgB

2

thin film, Magnetization, Magnetic moment, Magnetic property, Critical current density, Irreversibility field

HPCVD U ê s0 n É® Žz º V R ËX ê s” X ¢ MgB 2 € ¾ ¹ Åy ¢ U c lT c l8 ý  M X ì Ä — ¤V R Ë Ž ì ŏ Œ



™ »U c S @ · ö ¶ B¦ + ä 

„

 · ¡ ¤ @ /† < Ɠ § õ † < Ɠ §¹ ¢ ¤ † < ÆÂ Ò Ó ü t o “ §¹ ¢ ¤„  / B N x 9 Ö 6 x ½ + Ëõ † < ƃ  ½ ¨™ è, „  Å Ò 561-756

~ ç

¡ 4 w H ‘ ž

$ í

ç  H› ' a @ /† < Ɠ § Ó ü t o † < Æõ  x 9 BK21 Ó ü t o  \ O é ß –, à º" é ¶ 440-746

(2013¸   9 Z 4 13{ 9  ~ à Î6 £ §, 2013¸   10 Z 4 11{ 9  à º& ñ ‘ : r ~ à Î6 £ §, 2013¸   11 Z 4 12{ 9  > F  S X ‰& ñ )

HPCVD ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼– Ð   s # Q (Al

2

O

3

) l ó ø Í 0 A\  $ í  © œr †   í  H à ºô  Ç MgB

2

œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ • r ¼ # [ þ t \  @ / ô

 Ç  l & h  : £ ¤$ í `  ¦ › ¸  % i  . MgB

2

~ à Ì} Œ • r « Ñ_    o• ¸ M(H) 8 £ ¤& ñ `  ¦ PPMS-VSM  © œq \  ¦ s 6   x

# Œ “ : r • ¸ 5 Kü < 50 K  s _  “ : r • ¸ % ò % i \ " f  l  © œ_  [ jl \  ¦ 6 T  t     or v €  " f z  ´r  % i  .

€

ª œ| 9 _  í  H à ºô  Ç MgB

2

œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •_  e ” > „  s “ : r • ¸ T

c

  H 39.5 K s “ ¦,  Òe ” >   l  © œ H

c1

õ  œ í„  

•

¸ ? /Â Ò È Òõ   l  © œ (penetration field) H

p

[ þ t“ É r  _  ‚  + þ A& h “   “ : r • ¸ _ ” > r$ í `  ¦ ˜ Ð% i  . H

irr

(T ) = 1241

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any

medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

(2)

[

j b ”  $ í | 9 _  “ ¦“ : r œ í„  • ¸^ ‰ (HTSC)ü < F K5 Å q $ í | 9 _  $ 

“

: r œ í„  • ¸^ ‰ (LTSC)\  ¦ ƒ       H ×  æ ç ß – “ ¦o _  % i ½ + ɖ Ð ´ ú §

“ É

r l @ /\  ¦ ~ à ÎÜ ¼€  " f, $ “ : r œ í„  • ¸$ í B j& m 7 £ §`  ¦ l ì ø ÍÜ ¼

–

Ð “ ¦“ : r œ í„  • ¸$ í B j& m 7 £ §`  ¦ ½ ©" î l  0 Aô  Ç MgB 2 œ í„  

•

¸$ í ƒ  ½ ¨[ þ t s  ‰ & ³F  t   € ª œ >  ”  ' Ÿ ÷ &# Q 𠏓 ¦ e ”   [2–7]. MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸^ ‰  H “ ¦“ : r œ í„  • ¸^ ‰ü <  H  Ø Ô>  „  : Ÿ x

&

h “   BCS œ í„  • ¸ : £ ¤$ í õ  { 9 >   s _  y © œô  Ç   ½ + Ë\  _ ô  Ç

„

 À Ó â ì2 £ § : £ ¤$ í s  e ” Ü ¼ 9 [2,3], " é ¶: Ÿ x+ þ A 2D-σ band x 9 1 p x

~

½ Ó& h “   3D-π band_  ¿ º-œ í„  • ¸ \  -t  Ì “ s (gap)[ þ t`  ¦  

? /“ ¦ e ”   [4,5]. : £ ¤ y , MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸^ ‰  H Ó ü t o & h “   : £ ¤

$ í

[ þ t`  ¦ ½ ©" î   H ƒ  ½ ¨ s ü @\  í ß –\ O & h “   6 £ x6   x ƒ  ½ ¨[ þ t s 

´ ú

§“ É r ƒ  ½ ¨ [ þ t _  › ' a d ”  @ / © œs % 3   [8–14].   " f ×  æ ç ß –- F

K5 Å q$ í (inter-metallic) MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸^ ‰  H “ ¦“ : r œ í„  • ¸^ ‰

\

 q  # Œ  â ] j& h Ü ¼– Ð $ § 4  “ ¦, 2-$ í ì  r > – Ð" f Ó ü t| 9  ½ + Ë

$ í

s  q “ §& h  ~ 1 l  M :ë  H \ , œ í„  • ¸ ‚  F   < ʓ É r „    ™ è



_  í ß –\ O & h  6 £ x6   x`  ¦ 0 Aô  Ç l œ í x 9 6 £ x6   x > hµ 1 Ï ƒ  ½ ¨[ þ t s  B  Ä

º  Ö ¸ µ 1 Ïy  „  > h÷ &# Q M ® o   [8–18]. Õ ªo “ ¦ MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸

^

‰_  é ß –& h Ü ¼– Ð t & h ÷ &~    l  © œ \ " f ± ú “ É r e ” > „  À Ó x 9

• ¸ (critical current density) J c : £ ¤$ í [ þ t`  ¦, þ j   H \   

”

¸ ì  r ´ ú ˜[ þ t`  ¦ s 6   x ô  Ç  5 Å q “ ¦& ñ (flux pinning) l Õ ü t`  ¦ • ¸ { 9

† < ÊÜ ¼– Ð+ ‹ í ß –\ O & h Ü ¼– Ð 6 £ x6   x s  0 p x ô  Ç & ñ • ¸– Ð MgB 2 œ í

„

 • ¸^ ‰_  e ” > „  À Óx 9 • ¸ J c  † ¾ Ó © œ÷ &% 3   [12,19–21]. ‰ & ³ F

 > hµ 1 Ï÷ &# Q r ó ø Í×  æ“   MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ‚  F   H F K5 Å q È ÓÚ Ô

\

 MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ì  r ´ ú ˜`  ¦ G î  r Ê ê, l > & h  / B N õ  \ P % ƒo 

\

 ¦ : Ÿ x K  ] j› ¸÷ &  H MgB 2 PIT (Powder-In-Tube) œ í„  • ¸

‚

 F  e ”   H X <, s [ þ t _  í ß –\ O & h “   6 £ x6   x \  „  ^ ‰& h “   œ í„  

•

¸ : £ ¤$ í s   ™ è  Ò7 á ¤ ô  Ç é ß –& h s  e ”  . s  Qô  Ç MgB 2 PIT

œ

í„  • ¸ ‚  F _  é ß –& h `  ¦ ˜ Ð ¢ - a ½ + É Ã º e ”   H @ /î ß –_   – Ð" f, þ

j   H \  MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ • ‚  F  > hµ 1 Ïs  ”  ' Ÿ ÷ &“ ¦ e ”   [22,23].



 " f ‘ : r  7 Hë  H \ " f “ ¦$ í 0 p x MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ • ‚  F 

>

hµ 1 Ï\  € 9 כ ¹ô  Ç þ j™ èl Õ ü t S X ‰ ˜ Ð_  s „   é ß –> – Ð" f, e ” > „  

E-mail: [email protected]

s

6   x # Œ   o• ¸ (Magnetization) M`  ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ “ ¦, 8 £ ¤& ñ

 )

a M (H) X <s ' [ þ t`  ¦ s 6   x # Œ  € ª œô  Ç  l & h  : £ ¤$ í [ þ t`  ¦ ì

 r$ 3  % i  . : £ ¤ y , MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ • r « Ñ_  c−» ¡ ¤ < Ê

“

É r ab−¨ î €  \  ¨ î ' Ÿ  >  “  ÷ &  H  l  © œ_  ~ ½ ӆ ¾ Ó\     MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸  l & h  : £ ¤$ í [ þ t`  ¦ q “ § ì  r$ 3  % i  .

II. ÷ m Ç] M ö Ê ÝX N Ë

‘

: r z  ´+ « >\   6   x ô  Ç MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ • r « Ñ[ þ t“ É r $ í ç  H› ' a

@

/† < Ɠ § Ó ü t o † < Æõ \ " f ] j› ¸  ) a  כ s  9, HPCVD (Hybrid Physical-Chemical Vapor Deposition) ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼– Ð   s 

#

Q (Al 2 O 3 ) l ó ø Í0 A\  € ª œ| 9 _  MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ • r « Ñ[ þ t s

 $ í  © œ  ) a  כ s  . MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ • 7 £ x ‚ Ã Ì › ¸| “ É r à º™ è (H 2 ) ì

 r 0 Al \ " f ì ø Í6 £ x · ú š§ 4 s  200 torrs “ ¦, ˜ Џ : r (Boron) „  

½

¨^ ‰ Û ¼– Ð" f B 2 H 6 `  ¦ s 6   x % i Ü ¼ 9, ì ø Í6 £ x Õ þ ›! Q ? /\  H 2 ü < B 2 H 6 _  Û ¼ 50:100 sccm q Ö  ¦ – Ð â ìØ Ô• ¸2 Ÿ ¤ › ¸

&

ñ ô  Ç Ê ê, l ó ø Í“ : r • ¸ 650 C \ " f 30ì  r 1 l x î ß – 7 £ x ‚ Ã Ì % i  .



 s # Q(Al 2 O 3 ) l ó ø Í0 A\  7 £ x ‚ Ã Ì  ) a MgB 2 _  œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ • _

 ¿ ºa   H 860 nm & ñ • ¸e ” `  ¦ SEM ì  r$ 3 `  ¦ : Ÿ x K  S X ‰ “   

%

i Ü ¼ 9, HPCVD ~ ½ ÓZ O `  ¦ s 6   x ô  Ç MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ • ] j› ¸  H s  p

 µ 1 ϳ ð  ) a  7 Hë  H[ þ t \   [ jy  l Õ ü t ÷ &# Q e ”   [23,24].    s

# Q (Al 2 O 3 ) l ó ø Í0 A\  7 £ x ‚ Ã Ì  ) a MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ • r « Ñ [

þ

t _   l & h  : £ ¤$ í [ þ t`  ¦ „  · ¡ ¤ @ /† < Ɠ § / B N1 l xz  ´+ « >z  ´_ þ v› ' a \  [ O  u

÷ &# Q e ”   H Quantum Design  _  9T PPMS-VSM  © œq 

\

 ¦ s 6   x # Œ › ¸  % i  . 8 £ ¤& ñ \   6   x ô  Ç r « Ñ_  ß ¼l   H PPMS-VSM  © œq  ? /\  ~ à Ì} Œ • r « Ñ\  ¦  © œ‚ à ̽ + É Ã º e ”   H ß ¼ l

“   3 mm × 3 mmß ¼l – Ð ] X é ß – # Œ  6   x % i  .

PPMS-VSM  © œq \   © œ‚ à ̽ + É Ã º e ” • ¸2 Ÿ ¤ ï  r q   ) a MgB 2

~ Ã

Ì} Œ • r « Ñ\  ¦ PPMS-VSM  © œq \   © œ‚ à ̽ + É M :, ¿ º t  ~ ½ Ó Z O

Ü ¼– Ð ì  r o  # Œ MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •\  @ /ô  Ç l ‘ : r& h “  



l & h  : £ ¤$ í `  ¦ › ¸  % i  . €  $ , “     H ü @Â Ò  l  © œ s

 MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ • r « Ñ_  c−» ¡ ¤ \  ¨ î ' Ÿ  • ¸2 Ÿ ¤ MgB 2 r « Ñ

\

 ¦ PPMS-VSM  © œq \   © œ‚ à Ìô  Ç Ê ê,  € ª œô  Ç  l & h  : £ ¤$ í

(3)

Fig. 1. The ZFC curve as the function of temperature T for the clean MgB 2 film grown by HPCVD, with H = 10 G. The T c = 39.5 K was defined by the onset tempera- ture.

›

¸ [ þ t`  ¦ 5 K \ " f 50 K t  2.5 K ç ß –  _  “ : r • ¸    o ü < 6 T t   l  © œ_  [ jl \  ¦ 7 £ x r v “ ¦ y Œ ™™ èr v   H ì ø Í 4

Ÿ

¤ ÷ &  H õ & ñ Ü ¼– Ð,  l  © œ`  ¦ “   # Œ MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ • r « Ñ

\

 @ /ô  Ç l ‘ : r& h “    l & h  : £ ¤$ í › ¸ \  ¦ z  ´r  % i  . Õ ªo 

“

¦ MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ • r « Ñ_  c−» ¡ ¤ \  › ' aº   ) a  l & h  : £ ¤$ í z  ´+ « >

`

 ¦  • 2 ; Ê ê, PPMS-VSM  © œq – РÒ'   © œ‚ à Ì÷ &% 3 ~   1 l x{ 9 ô  Ç MgB 2 r « Ñ\  ¦ “     H ü @Â Ò  l  © œs  MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ • r « Ñ _

 ab−¨ î €  \  ¨ î ' Ÿ  • ¸2 Ÿ ¤ 1 l x{ 9 ô  Ç MgB 2 r « Ñ\  ¦ PPMS- VSM  © œq \   r   © œ‚ à Ìô  Ç Ê ê, · ú ¡‚   z  ´+ « >[ þ t`  ¦ ì ø Í4 Ÿ ¤ # Œ z 

´r  % i  .

0

A\  l Õ ü t ô  Ç z  ´+ « >`  ¦ : Ÿ x K  MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ • r « Ñ_    o• ¸ (Magnetization) M (H) 8 £ ¤& ñ `  ¦ “ : r • ¸ 5 Kü < 50 K  s  _

 “ : r • ¸ % ò % i \ " f 2.5 K ç ß –  Ü ¼– Ð  l  © œ_  [ jl \  ¦ 0 G

\

" f 6 T t  " f" fy  7 £ x r v €  " f 8 £ ¤& ñ “ ¦, ƒ  5 Å q& h Ü ¼

–

Ð 6 T\ " f 0 G t  " f" fy  y Œ ™™ èr v €  " f z  ´r  % i  .

8

£ ¤& ñ ÷ &# Q > í ß –  ) a   o• ¸ M_  é ß –0 A  H [emu/cm 3 ] = [G]

s

 9, MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •_  e ” > „  s “ : r • ¸ (critical tran- sition temperature) T c s  © œ\ " f 8 £ ¤& ñ ô  Ç Background  



o• ¸ M`  ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ # Œ z  ´+ « > X <s ' \  ˜ Ð& ñ ° ú כÜ ¼– Ð & h 6   x ô  Ç Ê

ê, — ¸Ž  H   o• ¸ M_  X <s ' \  ¦ ì  r$ 3  % i  . M(H) X <s  '

 ì  r$ 3 `  ¦ : Ÿ x K  q % i   l  © œ (irreversibility field) H irr ,

 Òe ” >   l  © œ (lower critical field) H c1 , Õ ªo “ ¦ œ í„  

•

¸^ ‰ : Ÿ x õ   l  © œ (penetration field) H p 1 p x`  ¦ y Œ •y Œ • \ V8 £ ¤ ì

 r$ 3  % i  . Õ ªo “ ¦ œ í„  • ¸ ‚  F _  e ” > „  À Óx 9 • ¸ J c ü <

ƒ

 › ' a s  e ”   H q % i    o• ¸ (irreversible magnetization)

∆M = [M (H dec ) − M (H inc )], 7 £ ¤ 7 £ x ÷ &  H  l  © œ % ò % i  õ

 y Œ ™™ è÷ &  H  l  © œ % ò % i \ " f_    o• ¸ M ° ú כ_  – Ð & ñ _

÷ &  H q % i    o• ¸ ∆M X <s ' \  ¦ % 3 % 3  .

Fig. 2. The magnetic moment m versus magnetic field H for the MgB 2 films grown by HPCVD, with exter- nal fields applied parallel to (a) the c−axis, and (b) the ab−plane, at temperatures between 5 K and 35 K.

¢

¸ô  Ç Bean — ¸4 S q [25], 7 £ ¤ J c ∝ 204M r ( # Œl " f, r“ É r r ¼ #  _

 ¨ î ç  H ì ø Í â )`  ¦ & h 6   x # Œ MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •\  @ /ô  Ç e ” 

>

„  À Óx 9 • ¸ J c 1 p x`  ¦ \ V8 £ ¤ x 9 ì  r$ 3  % i  .

III. + s ÇÊ Ý õ m Í À X Ø8 ý

s

p  z  ´+ « > õ & ñ \ " f  [ jy  l Õ ü t % i 1 p w s , ‘ : r z  ´+ « >\ 



6   x ô  Ç r « Ñ[ þ t“ É r   s # Q (Al 2 O 3 ) l ó ø Í 0 A\  MgB 2 œ í

„

 • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •`  ¦ $ í ç  H› ' a @ / Ó ü t o † < Æõ \ " f HPCVD (Hybrid Physical-Chemical Vapor Deposition) ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼– Ð $ í  © œr 

† 

  כ s   [24]. Fig. 1“ É r ] j› ¸  ) a MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ • _

   o• ¸ M_  “ : r • ¸ T ü <_  _ ” > r$ í › ' a >  Õ ªA á Ô\  ¦  

 · p  כ “  X <, ZFC (Zero Field Cooling) › ¸| \ " f  l 



© œ`  ¦ MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ •_  c−» ¡ ¤ õ  ¨ î ' Ÿ  >  10 G\  ¦ “   # Œ

“

¦& ñ ô  Ç Ê ê, “ : r • ¸\  ¦ 5 K  Ò'  50 K t  7 £ x r v €  " f 8 £ ¤

&

ñ ô  Ç M (T ) X <s ' s  . ‘ : r z  ´+ « >_  MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •

“

É r Fig. 1 \ " f · ú ˜ à º e ” 1 p w s , œ í„  • ¸ e ” > „  s “ : r • ¸ T c = 39.5 K s “ ¦, B Ä º € ª œ| 9 _  œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •e ” `  ¦ \ V8 £ ¤ ½ + É Ã º e ” 



. Fig. 2  H MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •\  @ /ô  Ç  € ª œô  Ç  l & h  :

£ ¤$ í `  ¦ › ¸  l  0 A # Œ, “     H  l  © œ H\      

(4)

Fig. 3. The magnetic moment m versus the applied field H, which is parallel to the ab−plane, in an expanded low field region, at T = 5 K. The inset of left bottom shows semilogarithmic plots of ∆m versus magnetic field H, which indicate the deviation point from linearity.



o• ¸ (Magnetization) M ° ú כ_     o\  ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ ô  Ç Õ ªA á Ô[ þ t s

 . s   H “ : r • ¸\  ¦ 5 K  Ò'  e ” > „  s “ : r • ¸ T c s  © œ t  2.5 K ç ß –  Ü ¼– Ð  © œ5 p x r v €  " f 8 £ ¤& ñ % i   H X <, y Œ • 2.5 K ç

ß –  Ü ¼– Ð  © œ5 p x r †   Ê ê, { 9 & ñ ô  Ç “ : r • ¸  © œI \  ¦ Ä »t  €  " f



l  © œ_  [ jl \  ¦ 0 G \ " f 6 T t  " f" fy  7 £ x r v €  

"

f 8 £ ¤& ñ “ ¦, ƒ  5 Å q& h Ü ¼– Ð 6 T\ " f 0 G t  " f" fy  y Œ ™™ è r

v €  " f y Œ •y Œ •_  “ : r • ¸\ " f 8 £ ¤& ñ ô  Ç M (H) Õ ªA á Ô[ þ t s  .

Fig. 2(a)  H  l  © œ H MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •_  c−» ¡ ¤ \  ¨ î '

Ÿ  • ¸2 Ÿ ¤ “     H  â Ä º\  8 £ ¤& ñ  ) a M (H) Õ ªA á Ô[ þ t s “ ¦, Fig. 2(b)  H  l  © œ H MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •_  ab−¨ î €  

\

 ¨ î ' Ÿ  • ¸2 Ÿ ¤ “     H  â Ä º\  8 £ ¤& ñ  ) a M (H) Õ ªA á Ô[ þ t s

 .

Figure 2 \     · p M (H) 8 £ ¤& ñ Õ ªA á Ô[ þ t \ " f  l  © œ _

 [ jl  ± ú “ É r % ò % i , 7 £ ¤ 2000 G s  _   l  © œ % ò % i  _

 M(H) X <s ' [ þ t`  ¦ ì  r$ 3  # Œ MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •\  @ / ô

 Ç  € ª œô  Ç  l & h  : £ ¤$ í [ þ t`  ¦ \ V8 £ ¤ ½ + É Ã º e ”  . Fig. 3“ É r 8

£ ¤& ñ “ : r • ¸\  ¦ 5 K – Ð “ ¦& ñ r †    © œI \ " f, MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ •_  ab−¨ î €  \  ¨ î ' Ÿ  • ¸2 Ÿ ¤  l  © œ`  ¦ “   €  " f 8 £ ¤& ñ ô  Ç  â Ä

º– Ð" f,  l  © œ_  [ jl  ± ú “ É r % ò % i \ " f M(H) Õ ªA á Ô [

þ

t _  { 9  Ò\  ¦ S X ‰ @ / # Œ    · p  כ s  .  5 Å q (magnetic flux) s  œ í„  • ¸^ ‰ ? / Ò\  % i & h Ü ¼– Ð % ƒ6 £ § [ þ t # Ql  r 



Œ

•   H  Òe ” >   l  © œ H c1 `  ¦ Fig. 3 \     · p ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼

–

Ð % 3 `  ¦ à º e ”  . Fig. 3\    ? /% 3 1 p w s , 8 £ ¤& ñ  ) a  l — ¸ F '

pà Ô (magnetic moment) m ° ú כ[ þ t s  8 £ ¤& ñ X <s ' [ þ t _  œ í l

 ‚  + þ A f ” ‚  Ü ¼– РÒ'  % ƒ6 £ § Ü ¼– Ð # Á # Q   H t & h _   l  © œ

`

 ¦ H c1 ° ú כÜ ¼– Ð \ V8 £ ¤ x 9   & ñ l  0 A # Œ,  l — ¸F ' pà Ô_ 

 (difference) ∆m`  ¦ y Œ •y Œ • Õ ªA á Ô[ þ t – РÒ'  › ¸  % i  .

∆m“ É r œ íl _  ± ú “ É r  l  © œ % ò % i \ " f 8 £ ¤& ñ  ) a X <s ' [ þ t \  þ

j™ è] jY  L › ¸& ñ (least square fitting)`  ¦ z  ´r  # Œ % 3 “ É r  

Fig. 4. The semilogarithmic plot of both the lower crit- ical fields H c1 and the first penetration fields H p versus temperature T for the MgB 2 film grown by HPCVD, with external fields applied parallel to the c−axis (open marks) and the ab−plane (solid marks).

l

 © œ\    É r  l — ¸F ' pà Ô_  œ íl  ‚  + þ A f ” ‚  [ þ t _   l — ¸ F '

pà Ô m fit ° ú כõ  z  ´+ « >Ü ¼– Ð 8 £ ¤& ñ  ) a  l — ¸F ' pà Ô m exp ° ú כ_ 

, 7 £ ¤ ∆m = m fit − m exp s  . Fig. 3_  ¢ , aA á ¤ x 9 \  ¶ ú š{ 9 

 )

a Õ ªa Ë >“ É r  l  © œ_     o\    É r ∆m ° ú כ[ þ t _  log Û ¼H  { 9

    o Õ ªA á Ôs  9, “ : r • ¸ 5 Ks “ ¦, “  ÷ &  H  l  © œ s

 ab−¨ î €  \  ¨ î ' Ÿ ½ + É M :   & ñ  ) a H c1 ° ú כ“ É r 420 Ge ” `  ¦ ˜ Ð

#

ŒÅ ғ ¦ e ”  . ¢ ¸ô  Ç, Fig. 3_  Õ ªA á Ô\ " f þ j™ è  l — ¸F ' p à

Ô m ° ú כ t & h “   œ í„  • ¸^ ‰ ¢ - a„   È Òõ   l  © œ (penetration field) H p \  ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ ½ + É Ã º e ”   H X <, “ : r • ¸ 5 Ks “ ¦, “  ÷ &



 H  l  © œs  ab−¨ î €  \  ¨ î ' Ÿ ½ + É M :   & ñ  ) a H p ° ú כ“ É r 1390 G s  . s ü < ° ú  “ É r ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼– Ð Fig. 2_  Õ ªA á Ô[ þ t`  ¦ y Œ •y Œ • Fig. 3 % ƒ! 3  ì  r$ 3  # Œ % 3 “ É r  Òe ” >  l  © œ H c1 x 9 È Òõ 



l  © œ H p ° ú כ[ þ t _  “ : r • ¸ _ ” > r$ í `  ¦ Fig. 4 \    ? /% 3  .

“

 ô  Ç  l  © œs  ab−¨ î €  õ  ¨ î ' Ÿ ô  Ç  â Ä º_  y Œ • X <s ' [ þ t s

 c−» ¡ ¤ _  y Œ • X <s ' [ þ t \  q K  ∼ 5C  & ñ • ¸ ß ¼>    z Œ ¤ Ü

¼ 9, Fig. 4\     · p y Œ •y Œ • X <s ' [ þ t _  “ : r • ¸ _ ” > r$ í “ É r



™ è ‚  + þ A& h s  9 H c

1

(T ) = H c

1

(0)[1 − (T /T c ) 2 ] ü < ° ú  “ É r

Ÿ

íÓ ü t‚   + þ AI – РÒ'  ´ ú §s  # Á # Qz Œ ¤6 £ §`  ¦ f ”  Œ •½ + É Ã º e ”  .

Figure 5  H MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ • r « Ñ_  q % i   l  © œ (irre- versibility field) H irr _  “ : r • ¸ _ ” > r$ í Õ ªA á Ô\  ¦ ˜ Ð# ŒÅ Ò

“

¦ e ”  . Fig. 2\     · p M (H) 8 £ ¤& ñ Õ ªA á Ô[ þ t \ " f   l

 © œ_  [ jl  Z  }“ É r % ò % i _  M(H) X <s ' [ þ t`  ¦ ì  r$ 3  

#

Œ MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •\  @ /ô  Ç H irr x 9  © œÂ Òe ” >   l 



© œ (upper critical field) H c2 1 p x _   l & h  : £ ¤$ í [ þ t`  ¦ \ V8 £ ¤

½

+ É Ã º e ”  .  l  © œ`  ¦ 7 £ x r v   H % ò % i õ   l  © œ`  ¦ y Œ ™™ è r

v   H % ò % i _   l — ¸F ' pà Ô[ þ t _   © œ@ /& h “    ∆ms  0“   t

& h `  ¦ q % i   l  © œ H irr ° ú כÜ ¼– Ð   & ñ “ ¦, Fig. 2\ 



  · p y Œ • Õ ªA á Ô[ þ t \  @ / # Œ y Œ •y Œ • H irr `  ¦ › ¸  % i 

(5)

Fig. 5. The temperature dependence of the irreversibility field H irr for the MgB 2 film grown by HPCVD, with ex- ternal fields applied parallel to the c−axis(open square) and the ab−plane(open circle). The dotted solid squares’

and circles’ lines are fits to the functions H irr (T ) = H irr (0)[1 − (T /T c )] n .



. Fig. 5_  H irr / B G‚  “ É r œ í„  • ¸^ ‰ ? /\ " f “ ¦& ñ ÷ &# Q e ”

~    5 Å q[ þ t s  Ä »^ ‰% ƒ! 3   Ä »\  v >  ¹ ¡ §f ” s l  r  Œ •   H 6

 

xÖ 6 x‚   (melting line)s  “ ¦• ¸  9, power-law › ' a > d ”  H irr (T ) = H irr (0)[1 − (T /T c )] n Ü ¼– Ð [ O " î ½ + É Ã º e ”   H X <,

“

    H  l  © œs  c−» ¡ ¤ \  ¨ î ' Ÿ ô  Ç  â Ä º\  n = 0.85 x 9 H irr (0) = 38,000 G s  9, ab−¨ î €  \  ¨ î ' Ÿ ô  Ç  â Ä º\   H n

= 0.75 x 9 H irr (0) = 28,000 G s  . { 9 ì ø Í& h Ü ¼– Ð q % i 



l  © œ H irr _  ´ òõ & h “   " 4 / å L à º › ' a > d ” “ É r 3D XY Û ¼H  { 9

a A(scaling) x 9 € ª œ  ”  1 l x[ þ t (quantum fluctuations) _ 

”

> r F  1 p x Ü ¼– Ð [ O " î ½ + É Ã º e ”   [26]. ¢ ¸ô  Ç, Fig. 2\     · p M (H) 8 £ ¤& ñ Õ ªA á Ô[ þ t \ " f  l  © œ_  [ jl  Z  }“ É r % ò % i _  M (H) X <s ' [ þ t`  ¦ ì  r$ 3  # Œ, MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •\  @ /ô  Ç



© œÂ Òe ” >   l  © œ H c2 ° ú כ`  ¦, % i & h “    l — ¸F ' pà Ô m_ 



  o “ ¦- l  © œ % ò % i _  ‚  + þ A& h “   f ” ‚  Ü ¼– РÒ'  # Á # Q



  H t & h Ü ¼– Ð \ V8 £ ¤ ½ + É Ã º e ”  . Õ ª Q  % i & h “    l 

—

¸F ' pà Ô m_  X <s ' – РÒ'  “ ¦- l  © œ % ò % i \ " f ‚  + þ A& h 

“

  f ” ‚  Ü ¼– РÒ'  # Á # Q   H t & h `  ¦ & ñ S X ‰ “ ¦ { 9 › ' a$ í e ” 

>

 \ V8 £ ¤ ½ + É Ã º \ O % 3  . Æ ÒÊ ê\  7 á §  8 [ jx 9 ô  Ç ì  r$ 3 `  ¦ : Ÿ x K 



© œÂ Òe ” >   l  © œ H c2 _  “ : r • ¸ _ ” > r$ í `  ¦ ½ ¨½ + É  כ s  9, 1 l x r

\  4é ß –  : Ÿ x„  Z O \  _ ô  Ç R(T) 8 £ ¤& ñ X <s ' [ þ t – РÒ'  H c2 \  ¦ % 3 “ ¦,   oZ O \ " f % 3 “ É r X <s ' ü <  © œ  ñ q “ § ì  r$ 3 

# Œ MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ •r « Ñ_   © œÂ Òe ” >   l  © œ H c2 _  “ : r • ¸ _ 

”

> r$ í `  ¦ [ jx 9  >  › ¸ ½ + É \ V& ñ s  .

ô

 Ǽ # , { 9 ì ø Í& h Ü ¼– Ð œ í„  • ¸^ ‰_  @ /³ ð& h “   Ó ü t o & h  : £ ¤$ í _

    H e ” > „  À Óx 9 • ¸ J c s  9, J c ° ú כ`  ¦   & ñ   H z  ´+ « >

~

½ ÓZ O [ þ t“ É r : Ÿ x„  Z O õ    oZ O s  @ /³ ð& h Ü ¼– Ð & h 6   x ÷ &“ ¦ e ” 



. : Ÿ x„  Z O “ É r ŠҖ Ð 4é ß –  ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼– Ð · ú ˜ 9& ’   H X <, f ” ] X  „   À

Ó\  ¦ œ í„  • ¸^ ‰? /– Ð f  Ë  9˜ Ð? / f ” ] X & h “   $ † ½ Ó`  ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ   H

Fig. 6. (Color online) The logarithmic plots of the critical current density J c versus magnetic field H for tempera- tures from 5 K to 35 K, with external fields applied par- allel to the c−axis(open marks) and the ab−plane(solid marks).

~

½ ÓZ O s “ ¦,   oZ O “ É r Fig. 2 ü < ° ú  “ É r   o• ¸ M(H)_  Õ ª A

á Ô[ þ t – РÒ'  Bean e ” >  © œI  — ¸4 S q (Bean Critical State Model [24])`  ¦ & h 6   x # Œ ç ß –] X & h Ü ¼– Ð J c \  ¦ % 3   H ~ ½ ÓZ O s 



. ‘ : r z  ´+ « >\ " f  H   oZ O Ü ¼– Ð % 3 “ É r Fig. 2 _  X <s ' [ þ t

`

 ¦ Bean — ¸4 S q\  & h 6   x # Œ, HPCVD ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼– Ð ] j› ¸  ) a í  H Ã

ºô  Ç MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ •\  @ /ô  Ç J c ° ú כ[ þ t`  ¦ % 3 % 3  . Bean — ¸4 S q“ É r J c204M r – Ð ³ ð‰ & ³÷ & 9, # Œl " f ∆m“ É r q % i    o• ¸ (irreversible magnetization) s “ ¦, r“ É r r ¼ # _  ¨ î ç  H ì ø Í â s

 . œ í„  • ¸^ ‰_  e ” > „  À Óx 9 • ¸ J c ü < f ” ] X & h Ü ¼– Ð ƒ  › ' a s  e ”

  H q % i    o• ¸  H ∆M = [M (H dec )−M (H inc )]“  X <, 7

£

x ÷ &  H  l  © œ % ò % i õ  y Œ ™™ è÷ &  H  l  © œ % ò % i \ " f_   



o• ¸ M ° ú כ_  – Ð & ñ _ ô  Ç .   " f Fig. 2_  M(H) X <s  '

– РÒ'  q % i    o• ¸ ∆m X <s ' \  ¦ % 3 “ ¦, s \  ¦ Bean

—

¸4 S q\  & h 6   x # Œ MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •\  @ /ô  Ç e ” > „  À Óx 9 

•

¸ J c ° ú כ`  ¦ % 3 “ ¦ Õ ª_  : £ ¤$ í [ þ t`  ¦ ì  r$ 3  % i  . Fig. 6“ É r “  

   H  l  © œs  MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •_  c−» ¡ ¤ \  ¨ î ' Ÿ ô  Ç  â Ä

ºü < ab−¨ î €  \  ¨ î ' Ÿ ô  Ç  â Ä º\  y Œ •y Œ • Bean — ¸4 S q`  ¦ & h 6   x

# Œ % 3 “ É r J c ü <  l  © œ H_  log-log scale _ ” > r$ í Õ ªA á Ô [

þ

t`  ¦ ˜ Ð# ŒÅ ғ ¦ e ” Ü ¼ 9, Õ ªA á Ô\ " f · ú ˜ à º e ” 1 p w s  Õ ªA á Ô [

þ

t _  ½ ¨› ¸ [ j  Òì  r& h “   % ò % i Ü ¼– Ð ½ ¨ì  r ÷ &# Q    “ ¦ e ”

 . ' Í P :, ± ú “ É r  l  © œ % ò % i \ " f  H Õ ªA á Ô_  / B G‚  [ þ t s 

“

    H  l  © œ\   _  1 l qw n & h s “ ¦, Ñ ü t P :, ×  æ ç ß –  l  © œ

% ò

% i \ " f  H Õ ªA á Ô_  / B G‚  [ þ t s  ‚  + þ A& h Ü ¼– Ð y Œ ™™ è  9, ! Ó P

:, Z  }“ É r  l  © œ % ò % i \ " f  H Õ ªA á Ô_  / B G‚  [ þ t s  B Ä º / å L

 

 >  y Œ ™™ è† < Ê`  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  . ' Í   P :_  ± ú “ É r  l  © œ % ò

% i

“ É r > hZ > & h  x 9 1 l qw n & h Ü ¼– Ð “ ¦& ñ (pinning)÷ &# Q e ”   H   5

Å

q[ þ t _   1 l x ‰ & ³ © œs “ ¦, ¿ º   P :_  ×  æ ç ß –  l  © œ % ò % i “ É r 1 l q w n

& h “   “ ¦& ñ  © œI \ " f # Á # Q  " f– Ð  © œ  ñ Œ •6   x  9 “ ¦& ñ ÷ &

(6)

Fig. 7. The logarithmic plots of the magnetic irreversibil- ity ∆M versus magnetic field H at T = 5 K, for the MgB 2

thin films grown by HPCVD(open squares), the pure MgB 2 powder(solid circles), the annealed MgB 2 powder (open circles), and the SiC + MgB 2 mixed powder (cross circles).

#

Q e ”   H  5 Å q[ þ t _  | 9 é ß –& h “    1 l x ‰ & ³ © œs  9, [ j   P :_  Z  }

“ É

r  l  © œ % ò % i “ É r “ ¦& ñ ÷ &# Q e ” ~    5 Å q[ þ t s  “     H   l

 © œ\  _ ô  Ç – ÐE $ ™Þ Ô j Ë µ`  ¦ F G4 Ÿ ¤ t  3 l w “ ¦  Ä »\  v >  ¹ ¡ § f ”

s   H ‰ & ³ © œs  . > hZ > & h Ü ¼– Ð “ ¦& ñ ÷ &# Q e ”   H  5 Å q[ þ t _ 



1 l x s  " f– Ð  © œ  ñ Œ •6   x   H | 9 é ß –& h “    5 Å q[ þ t _   1 l x Ü ¼

–

Ð    o   H  5 Å q  © œI  „  s   l  © œ (magnetic flux state transition field)`  ¦ H – Ð Z  ~ Ü ¼€  , Fig. 6_  “ : r • ¸ 5 K Õ ªA  á

Ô\ " f H ∼ 800 G & ñ • ¸s “ ¦, J c (H )/J c (0) ∼ 0.9 s  .

:

£ ¤$ í  l  © œ (characteristic magnetic field) H   H ŠҖ Ð   5

Å

q “ ¦& ñ (flux pinning)õ  › ' a >  U  ·Ü ¼ 9, ~ à Ì} Œ •_  $ í  © œ › ¸

|

, $ í ì  r, x 9 ¿ ºa  1 p x \  _ ” > r ô  Ç . “     H  l  © œ_  ~ ½ Ó

† ¾

Ós  c−» ¡ ¤ \  ¨ î ' Ÿ ô  Ç  â Ä º˜ Ð  ab−¨ î €  \  ¨ î ' Ÿ ô  Ç  â Ä º

 : £ ¤$ í  l  © œ H ° ú כs  ß ¼>       H X <, s   H  l  © œ

\

 ” ¸Ø  ¦ ) a œ í„  • ¸ Ó ü t| 9 _  ¿ ºa  s – Ð" f \ V8 £ ¤ ½ + É Ã º e ”  .

Figure 7“ É r MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ • r « Ñ, í  H à ºô  Ç MgB 2 ì  r ´ ú ˜ r « Ñ,

\ P

% ƒo ô  Ç MgB 2 ì  r ´ ú ˜ r « Ñ, x 9  5 Å q “ ¦& ñ `  ¦ 0 Aô  Ç SiC  

”

¸ ì  r ´ ú ˜`  ¦ ' ‘ ô  Ç SiC + MgB 2 ™ D ¥ ½ + Ëì  r ´ ú ˜ r « Ñ[ þ t \  @ /

# Œ, Bean — ¸4 S q\  _ K  e ” > „  À Óx 9 • ¸ J c ü < f ” ] X & h Ü ¼– Ð

ƒ

 › ' a s  e ”   H q % i    o• ¸ ∆Mõ   l  © œ H_  log-log scale › ' a >  Õ ªA á Ô\  ¦    · p  כ s  . Fig. 6\ " f s p  l  Õ

ü

t % i 1 p w s , ×  æ ç ß –  l  © œ % ò % i _   5 Å q (magnetic flux)[ þ t _

  1 l x õ  › ' aº   ) a e ” > „  À Óx 9 • ¸ J c ü <  l  © œ Hü <_  _ 

”

> r › ' a > , 7 £ ¤ J c (∝ 4M ) = H −α _  › ' a > – РÒ'  % 3   H ‚   + þ

Al Ö  ¦ l  α ° ú כ“ É r  5 Å q “ ¦& ñ : £ ¤$ í `  ¦   ? /  H t r  Ó ü t o 

|

¾ Ós  . ` O Û ¼-Y Us $  7 £ x ‚ Ã Ì (PLD) ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼– Ð $ í  © œô  Ç “ ¦“ : r

œ

í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •r « Ñ[ þ t _  ˜ м # & h “   α ° ú כ“ É r 0.5 ∼ 0.6 & ñ • ¸

–

Ð l Ö  ¦ l  ¢ - a ë ß –   [27–29]. “  0 A& h “    5 Å q “ ¦& ñ `  ¦ • ¸ { 9

 t  · ú §“ É r “ ¦“ : r œ í„  • ¸ YBCO œ í„  • ¸^ ‰_   â Ä º\  α

Fig. 8. (Color online) The semilogarithmic plots of the critical current density J c versus temperature T for the MgB 2 thin films grown by HPCVD, with external fields applied parallel to the c−axis(open marks) and the ab−plane (solid marks).

∼ 0.58 & ñ • ¸“  X <, BZO  ” ¸ì  r ´ ú ˜`  ¦ • ¸i ç # Œ  5 Å q “ ¦& ñ

´

òõ \  ¦ F G @ / oô  Ç  â Ä º\  BZO + YBCO œ í„  • ¸_  α° ú כ s

 ß ¼>     # Œ ∼ 0.21 & ñ • ¸– Ð l Ö  ¦ l  B Ä º ¢ - a ë ß –   [27–29]. Fig. 7 \  ˜ Ð# Œï  r  כ % ƒ! 3  HPCVD ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼– Ð $ í



© œô  Ç MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •, í  H à ºô  Ç MgB 2 ì  r ´ ú ˜, \ P % ƒo ô  Ç MgB 2 ì  r ´ ú ˜, Õ ªo “ ¦ SiC\  ¦ ' ‘ ô  Ç SiC + MgB 2 ™ D ¥ ½ + Ëì  r

´ ú

˜[ þ t _  α ° ú כ[ þ t“ É r y Œ •y Œ • 1.03, 1.18, 1.10, x 9 0.93 s  .   5

Å

q “ ¦& ñ ´ òõ \  ¦ † ¾ Ó © œr v l  0 Aô  Ç SiC  ” ¸ì  r ´ ú ˜`  ¦ ' ‘ ô  Ç SiC + MgB 2 ™ D ¥ ½ + Ëì  r ´ ú ˜_   â Ä º p [ j t ë ß – α ° ú כs   

™

è  Œ •6 £ §`  ¦ S X ‰ “  ½ + É Ã º e ”  . ˜ м # & h Ü ¼– Ð α ° ú כ“ É r œ í„  • ¸

^

‰ ? / Ò_  p [ j ½ ¨› ¸ (microstructure)[ þ t õ  › ' aº  s  e ” “ ¦, s

   p [ j   † < Ê[ þ t \   5 Å q[ þ t s  “ ¦& ñ ÷ &  H ´ òõ  1 p x \  x 9 ] X  ô

 Ç › ' a >  e ”  .   " f HPCVD– Ð ] j› ¸ô  Ç MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸

~ Ã

Ì} Œ •“ É r p [ j ½ ¨› ¸   † < Ê \ O   H í  H à ºô  Ç MgB 2 ì  r ´ ú ˜ à ºï  r _  é ß

–  & ñ ~ à Ì} Œ •s l  M :ë  H \  α ° ú כs  “ ¦“ : r œ í„  • ¸^ ‰\  q  

#

Œ 2C  & ñ • ¸ ß ¼“ ¦,  ^ ‰  5 Å q “ ¦& ñ ´ òõ  & h 6 £ §`  ¦ \ V8 £ ¤ ½ + É Ã

º e ”  . Õ ª QÙ ¼– Ð “ ¦“ : r œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ • ‚  F \  q  # Œ  â ] j

&

h   © œ& h `  ¦ ”   MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ • ‚  F [ þ t _   © œ6   x  o\  ¦ 0 AK " f



 H Fig. 7 \     · p α ° ú כ_  ß ¼l \  ¦ 0.5 à ºï  r Ü ¼– Ð : £ ¤$ í `  ¦

†

¾ Ó © œ r &   ô  Ç . s \  ¦ 0 AK " f  H SiC ü < ° ú  “ É r  ” ¸ ß ¼l  _

 Ô  ¦í  HÓ ü t[ þ t`  ¦ ' ‘  # Œ MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ • œ í„  • ¸^ ‰ ? /_  p  [

j½ ¨› ¸_    † < Ê[ þ t`  ¦ “  0 A& h Ü ¼– Ð + þ A$ í # Œ ² ú ˜$ í ½ + É Ã º e ” 

“

¦, s \  @ /ô  Ç l œ í ƒ  ½ ¨[ þ t s   Ö ¸ µ 1 Ï >  s À Ò# Qt “ ¦ e ”   [23,24]. Fig. 8“ É r MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •_  c−» ¡ ¤ \  “  ÷ &  H



l  © œ_  ~ ½ ӆ ¾ Ós  ¨ î ' Ÿ ½ + É M : ab−¨ î €  \  ¨ î ' Ÿ ½ + É M :˜ Ð 

„

 ^ ‰ “ : r • ¸ % ò % i \ " f Z  }“ É r e ” > „  À Óx 9 • ¸ J c \  ¦ ˜ Ð# ŒÅ ғ ¦ e ”

 . MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ • ‚  F _   © œ6   x  oü < 6 £ x6   x \ " f ~ Ã Ì }

Œ

• ‚  F _  l  † < Æ& h  ½ ¨› ¸\  ¦ “ ¦ 9 # Œ ü @Â Ò ” ¸Ø  ¦  l  © œ _

 ~ ½ ӆ ¾ Ó`  ¦ c−» ¡ ¤ \  ¨ î ' Ÿ    H  כ s  Ä »o † < Ê`  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  .

(7)

IV. + s Ç Â ] Ø

HPCVD (Hybrid Physical-Chemical Vapor Deposi- tion) ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼– Ð   s # Q (Al 2 O 3 ) l ó ø Í0 A\  $ í  © œr †   MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •\  @ / # Œ  € ª œô  Ç  l & h  : £ ¤$ í [ þ t`  ¦ › ¸



 % i  . z  ´+ « >\   6   x ) a MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •“ É r e ” > „  s 

“

: r • ¸ T c  39.5 Ks “ ¦, B Ä º í  H à ºô  Ç œ í„  • ¸ : £ ¤$ í (clean superconductivity)`  ¦ ˜ Ð# Œ Å Ò% 3  . MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •_ 

 Òe ” >   l  © œ H c1 õ  : Ÿ x õ   l  © œ H p ° ú כ[ þ t“ É r, “  ô  Ç



l  © œs  ab−¨ î €  õ  ¨ î ' Ÿ ½ + É M : c−» ¡ ¤ õ  ¨ î ' Ÿ ½ + É M :˜ Ð



 ∼ 5C  & ñ • ¸ ß ¼>    z Œ ¤Ü ¼ 9, H c1 _  “ : r • ¸ _ ” > r$ í “ É r

˜

м # & h “   H c1 (T ) = H c1 (0)[1 − (T /T c ) 2 ] ü < ° ú  “ É r Ÿ íÓ ü t‚   + þ

AI \  ¦  Ø Ôt  · ú §€ Œ ¤ . Õ ª Q   5 Å q[ þ t _  6   xÖ 6 x‚   (Melt- ing line) Ü ¼– Ð · ú ˜ 9”   q % i   l  © œ (irreversibility field) H irr / B G‚  “ É r H irr (T ) = H irr (0)[1 − (T /T c )] n ü < ° ú  “ É r › ' a >  d ”

Ü ¼– Ð [ O " î ½ + É Ã º e ” % 3 “ ¦, “     H  l  © œs  c−» ¡ ¤ \  ¨ î '

Ÿ ô  Ç  â Ä º\  n = 0.85 x 9 H irr (0) = 38,000 G s  9, ab−¨ î

€

 \  ¨ î ' Ÿ ô  Ç  â Ä º\   H n = 0.75 x 9 H irr (0) = 28,000 G s 

%

3  . q % i    o• ¸(irreversible magnetization)∆M\  Bean — ¸4 S q`  ¦ & h 6   x # Œ % 3 “ É r e ” > „  À Óx 9 • ¸ J c ü <  l 



© œ H_  log-log scale Õ ªA á Ô\ " f ×  æ ç ß –  l  © œ % ò % i _ 

‚

 + þ A& h Ü ¼– Ð y Œ ™™ è   H : £ ¤$ í [ þ t“ É r,  5 Å q (magnetic flux)[ þ t _

 > hZ > & h s “ ¦ 1 l qw n & h “   “ ¦& ñ  © œI \ " f # Á # Q  " f– Ð  © œ  

ñ Œ •6   x   H | 9 é ß –& h “    1 l x   H ‰ & ³ © œÜ ¼– Ð [ O " î ½ + É Ã º e ” 



.  5 Å q[ þ t _   1 l x õ  f ” ] X  › ' aº   ) a J c ü < Hü <_  › ' a > d ”  J c (∝ 4M ) = H −α – РÒ'  % 3   H ‚  + þ Al Ö  ¦ l  α ° ú כ“ É r  5 Å q

“

¦& ñ (magnetic flux pinning) : £ ¤$ í `  ¦   ? /  H t r  Ó ü t o

| ¾ ÓÜ ¼– Ð" f, z  ´+ « >\   6   x ) a í  H à º MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •_  α

° ú

כ“ É r ∼ 1.03 s  .   " f MgB 2 œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ •‚  F – Ð" f 6 £ x 6

  x x 9  © œ6   x  o\  ¦ 0 AK " f  H,  â ] j& h “   ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼– Ð F K5 Å q l ó ø Í

`

 ¦ s 6   x ô  Ç  © œ‚  _  MgB 2 ~ à Ì} Œ •‚  F  ] j› ¸ ƒ  ½ ¨ s ü @\ , “   0

A& h “   p [ j ½ ¨› ¸   † < Ê[ þ t`  ¦ œ í„  • ¸ ~ à Ì} Œ • ? /\  • ¸{ 9  # Œ α ° ú כs  ∼ 0.5 s  – Ð † ¾ Ó © œr v   H  5 Å q “ ¦& ñ : £ ¤$ í ƒ  ½ ¨

€ 9

à º& h s   ½ + É Ã º e ”  .

P

c p 8 ý ò k >

s

  7 Hë  H“ É r 2012¸  • ¸ & ñ Â Ò (“ §¹ ¢ ¤ õ † < Æl Õ ü t  Ò)_  F " é ¶ Ü ¼

–

Ð F é ß –Z O “   ô  Dz D Gƒ  ½ ¨F é ß – { 9 ì ø ̓  ½ ¨ t " é ¶  \ O _  t % i 

@

/† < ÆÄ ºÃ ºõ † < Æ t " é ¶ (2012R1A1A4A01005465)`  ¦ ~ à Î  Ã

º' Ÿ ô  Ç  כ s  .

REFERENCES

[1] J. Nagamatsu, N. Nakagawa, T. Muranaka, Y. Zen- itani and J. Akimitsu, Nature 401, 63 (2001).

[2] S. L. Bud’ko, G. Lapertot, C. Petrovic, C. E. Cun- ningham and N. Anderson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.

86, 1877 (2001).

[3] D. C. Larbalestier, L. D. Cooley, M. O. Rikel, A. A.

Polyanskii and J. Y. Jiang et al., Nature 410, 186 (2001).

[4] H. J. Choi, D. Roundy, H. Sun, M. L. Cohen and S.

G. Louie, Nature 418, 758 (2002).

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[6] L. Lyard, P. Szabo, T. Klein, J. Marcus and C.

Marcenat et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 057001 (2004).

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278 (2004).

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수치

Fig. 1. The ZFC curve as the function of temperature T for the clean MgB 2 film grown by HPCVD, with H = 10 G
Fig. 3. The magnetic moment m versus the applied field H, which is parallel to the ab−plane, in an expanded low field region, at T = 5 K
Fig. 5. The temperature dependence of the irreversibility field H irr for the MgB 2 film grown by HPCVD, with  ex-ternal fields applied parallel to the c−axis(open square) and the ab−plane(open circle)
Fig. 7. The logarithmic plots of the magnetic irreversibil- irreversibil-ity ∆M versus magnetic field H at T = 5 K, for the MgB 2

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