TG X`^G T
Received Nov 2, 2009; Accepted Nov 30, 2009 Corresponding author: Choul Ji Park
Tel: +82 (55) 633-1272 e-mail: [email protected] 1225-3480/24324
ᵍᵌ⽸⻐⽘# ⪤ⱥ㻠ᰜ# ㆌ♽ム# エㆌ㻡ㆉ# 㱁⪹
ၶ℁ḡ ᯕᱶ⪙ יᰍǍ ʡ⩥℁ ၝᄲ⪵ ᱶᯙ ạ⫱㍌Ḱ䚍㠄G 㡕㦹㜤Ạ㉰䉤
Genetic characteristics of Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai in Dokdo Island, Korea
$IPVM+J 1BSL +FPOH)P -FF +BF ,PP /PI )ZVO $IVM ,JN #ZPVOH )XB .JO BOE
+FPOH*O .ZFPOH
Genetics and Breeding Research Center, NFRDI, Gyeongsangnam-do 656-842, Korea
"#453"$5
This study was conducted to investigate the genetic characteristics of wild population of Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai in Dokdo island. We used six polymorphic microsatellite marker to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure. The loci Hdh1321 and Hdh512 had the highest number of allele (34 and 22 respectively) and loci Hdh145 and Awb083 had the lowest (5 and 7 respectively). The mean number of allele per locus was 14.8. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.664 and 0.824 respectively, and the average FIS was 0.195. We compared the population genetic parameters of Dokdo population with previously published data of the same species. At the result, the parewise FST test showed significant difference between the Dokdo population and six populations (published data), suggesting that the genetic relationship of Dokdo population was separated from six populations.
Key words: Dokdo, abalone, genetic diversity, relationship
ᕽ ು
⼍ᘶ᷵⿊# 㚌᧞ᣏ⸐# ⽭㞩㾆ሉ# ⿿ᡱ# ᧉᧈᡱ# ᣫ₊ᘺ⿊# ⹆ 㿜⾲#⌦ሉ#⿿⾪ⅇ##ᣫ₊ᘺᡱ#ᧉᧈ#ፇ㖲⸐⣉#Ⓔ㾊㾊⺐#ኆ ᄌ㞩ᄌ#ᝎ⾮#⧣⡍〈⼱#ᣋṋ#Ⓗ㷮㾆ሉ#⿿ᡱ#㉿⸱ᣋ#(㾦ⷉ⧣
⡍Ⓓ, 2000). # ㉿⸱⿊# ㆢ⻭# ⷳㄛ⾪Ỳᡱ# ㊕ⷳ, ⅝㩼, ᣫኦ,
⡟ⷳ, ⥜ⷳ#ᬘ#⿿⾪ⅇ, 㾦ⷉ∤㖳㛌᧞∬⾮#⡍䂃⿊#ᄢ〞᧞∬#1 ሩ# 1ㄛ, れ␝, ⌯ሉ᧞, ⥆᷵ᬘ⿊# ⸴㗏᧞∬# 9ሩ# 19ㄛ, ⌟⽭ᆩ,
Ⓓ㕒ᆩ# ᬘ# ゐ㉿᧞∬# 11ሩ# 17ㄛ, Ⓛᄌ⡉, ⣟ᆩ# ᬘ# ፄ㽨᧞∬#
5ሩ#5ㄛ#ᬘ#ↇᩥ#26ሩ#42ㄛ#ㄅ⡉#␜ሉᨩ#⌟#⿿ᣋ#(᎓ሩ#㚌, 1981). # ㉿⸱⾮# ᧉ㲔㾊# ⽭ら# ኆ᷹# ⿲ⷳᘶ㉿# ⾮# ⻍㾦
⸱⸐# ⽭㞩㾆ሉ# ⿿ᡱ# ㉿ゞ㾇ら# ⹆㿜⾪Ỳ# ⶃ⌣⡿∬ኪ㊑⿊# ᇟ⼍#
ᣫ䂹# (Eisemia bicyclis), ᄜ㩼# (Ecklonia cava) ᬘ# ᣫ䁙# ᄔ
ㄅᄌ#⼍㾆ᡱ#ゞᨩ#⡿㩼ᇩ‴#ᘶ㩜ᙖሉ#⿿ⷳ#れ␝#⌙#⥆᷵
⺐# ᄦ⾮# ሉⒹᄌᄌ㞩⿊# ⧣⡍〈⼱⡿∬# ⣉⫁㾆ᎃ# ㄡ⾮# 䂧ᇟ⾪
Ỳ# Ẳヅ# ⿿ᣋ# (Kang et al., 2001). ᱝ㾊# # ㉿⸱⸐ᡱ# 〈⸴
⡍❒₎# ᷵# ⧣⡍〈⼱ㄅ⣟⾲# ⽭㾆⸰# 1993ᛷⒹ㫜# 㚌ፇᎡ㉿#
れ␝#ሟㄛ∄‴#ᣫṋ⌵㾆ሉ#⿿ᣋ. ፃṵᘶ#ṵ㾊#れ␝#ሟ ㄛ∄⿊# ⌵ᡱ# ፃ# ㉿⸱⸐# ḩ᧞# ⣉⫁㾆ሉ# ⿿ᡱ# 〈⸴㊑ᣏ⿊#
㉿⸱㲔⣟ら# ⾊れら# ኦㄅ⸐# 㨂# ⹆㿜⾲# ⌁㞱# ⧣# ⿿ᣋ. ᭠᷵⣉#
ᧉᧈ㉿⸱⸐# ⣉⫁㾆ᡱ# れ␝⿊# 〈⸴㊑ᣏ# ⌙# ⌵ᨥⷳ㉿ᡱ# ሟ ㄛ∄⸐# ᣫ㾊# ⾊れら# ᣋⷉ⣟# ⌙# ㊑ᣏኦㄅ# ᬘ⿊# Ⓗ⣊⾮# # ㉿⸱
⿊# ⧣⡍〈⼱ㄅ⣟# ⌙# ር⸐# ⿿ⷳ# ₪⼍# ㆸ⻭㾆ᣋ.
⾊れら# ᣋⷉ⣟# ⌙# ㊑ᣏ# ኦㄅ# ᬘ⾲# ㄅ⡉㾆ᎃ# ⽭㾦⣉ᡱ# Ⓗ⣊
⸐#ら㾘㾊#⾊れ#㹫⫁⾲#㽰⻭Ỳ#㾊ᣋ. ⾊れ㹫⫁⾪Ỳᡱ#Isozyme
⾲# ▖ἆ㾆⸰# RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA), AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism), Microsatellite, SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) ⌙# EST (Expressed Sequence Tags) ᬘ# ᄬ⌧ᨥⷳヅ# ⿿ᣋ. ṵ㾊# ᣋ⧣⿊# ⾊れ 㹫⫁# ㆸ# Microsatellite DNAᡱ# ᝎ⾮# ⏠‴# ᘶ㩜ᙖᡱ# ⾊れ 㹫⫁⾪Ỳ⣉#⾊れ〈㉿ᧈ, ᄬ㗏⫁⏤#⌙#㞭〈䂤, ㊑ᣏ⾊れ㾇#ᬘ
TG X`_G T
Locus Primer sequences (5'-3') Repeat type GenBank
accession No. Reference Awb017 F:ACATGTCGTGATTGTTTCCCAC
R:TCCTGACCACATACTGTTCACATTAG (CA)16 AB177912 Sekino et al., 2005
Awb083 F:GCTTAGAAGGGACATAACTCGCAATA
R:AATAGACATTCTACAAGCGAGGAAA (ATC)8 AB177936 Sekino et al., 2005
Awb098 F:ACATGGAACTGCGAGTCCTAGAAGC
R:TGATTATTTTCAGATCGCCGTCATA (AC)13 AB177939 Sekino et al., 2005
Hdh1321 F:TTCTGAGATGAGACGCACCAC
R:TTGGCAGCAGGCGTCGTGT (CGCA)4(CA)18 AB084076 Li et al., 2002
Hdh145 F:TAGTTGTTGAACCTTTCTGTTG
R:TAGACAAACAGAAAACTTCACC (CA)8(CATA)3 AB091480 Park et al., 2003
Hdh512 F:CCGAGATGTTTACAGAGAGA
R:CACACTCGATTTCTCACTCA (GA)23 AB091482 Park et al., 2003
Table 1. Primer sequences for microsatellite loci used in this study
⿊# ₐ⾮# ⸴ኦ⸐# ⾊⼃㾆ᆩ# 䂫⼃# ᨥⷳ# ㉿ሉ# ⿿ᣋ.
Microsatellite DNA ⾊れ㹫⫁⾮# れ␝⸐# ⿿ⷳ# Haliotis discus hannai (Li et al., 2002, Sekino et al., 2005, 2006; Hara and Sekino, 2005; Sekino and Hara, 2007; Sun et al., 2007), H. kamtschatkana (Miller et al., 2001), H. rubra (Huang and Hanna, 1998; Evans et al., 2000), H. asinina (Selvamani et al., 2000), H.
diversicolor (Ren et al., 2008) ᬘሩ# ᄦ# ⣦ᇩら# ㆢ⻭# ⷉ
⫁#ㄛ⾲#ᣫ⡟⾪Ỳ#ᄬ⌧ᨥⷳ#ₐ⾮#⾊れ㾇ら#⸴ኦ⸐#⾊⼃㾆ᆩ#䂫
⼃ᨥⷳ㉿ሉ# ⿿ᣋ.
␠# ⸴ኦᡱ#Microsatellite DNA ⾊れ㹫⫁⾲#⼃㾆⸰#ᧉᧈ#
㉿⸱⸐#⣉⫁㾆ሉ#⿿ᡱ#〈⸴⡍#れ␝㊑ᣏ⿊#⾊れら#ᣋⷉ⣟#⌙#㊑
ᣏ# ኦㄅ‴# 㳱㾆⸰# # ㉿⸱⿊# 〈⼱ር# ⌙# ㄅ⣟⾲# ⽭㾊# ᎃ㘯#
〈Ὧ‴#ゥሟ㾆ሉ〈#㾊ᣋ. ᱝ㾊#ᧉᧈ㉿⸱⸐#⣉⫁㾆ሉ#⿿ᡱ#れ␝
⿊# ⾊れ㾇ら# 㲔⣟⾲# ጣ⅝㾆ᡱ# 㗆# ⸴ኦ# ᇑሩ᷵ᡱ# ⸐⣉# 㨂# ⿊
⿊ᄌ# ⿿ᣋ.
ᰍഭ ၰ ႊჶ
1. ✌⪥#Ɽ≔#▗#Genomic DNA 㜜㜤#
␠# ⫈䀖⸐# ⡉⼃㾊# れ␝# ⫀Ὧᡱ# 2006ᛷ# 6⼵# ⼕⁂ᧈ# ⷳ㘳ᇩ#
㾦ᛳᬊ# 㕒㜬㾊# 㷄ጧ# ᄍ〞# 118.53mm⿊# 〈⸴⡍# れ␝# 60₊
ᣋ. gDNAᡱ# れ␝# ⻍㯶₋⿊# ㄅ㊀# ⿲Ⓓ‴# ゐゥ㾆⸰# 㩆Ẓ
㳩# ⧣㉿⎱# (chelating resin method; Walsh et al., 1991;
Suenaga and Nakamura, 2005) ⾲# ⼃㾆⸰# 㛌㛔㾆⹅ᣋ.
PCR ㉕㷯⌣⿀⾮# ⷺⷳ㊃# DNA ⫀Ὧ, 10× ⌣⿀⺔㛢⼃ⶔ, 10 mM dNTP, f-Taq DNA polymerase (Solgent), ፃሉ#
Table 1⸐# ᘶ㩜ᙚ# 6ᄬ⿊# Microsatellite ⾊れ㹫⫁⾲# ⼃㾆
⸰# ⧣㾼㾆⹅ᣋ.
2. エㆌㄘ㾝#✌⪥
PCR ⿊㾦# ㉕㷯ᨩ# Microsatellite DNA ᣏ㶲⾮# size standardỲ# GeneScan 400HD ROX (ABI, USA), HiDi formamide⺐# 䂇㾘㾊# 䄠# ⾊れ〈䁙# Ⓗ⣊ᎃ# (3100 genetic analyzer; ABI, USA) ‴#㭯㾆⸰#Ⓗ⣊⾲#㾆⹅⾪ⅇ#Ⓗ⣊#䄠⸐#
ᘶ㩜ᘺ# 㽨㧾# ゞ␜‴# GeneMapper v3.7 software‴# ⼃㾆
⸰# ⾊れ〈䁙⾲# Ⓗ⣊㾆⹅ᣋ.
3. 㬽ᙌ㻡ㆉ#✌⪥
ᧉᧈ# ㊑ᣏ⿊# ⾊れら# ᣋⷉ⣟# Ⓗ⣊⾲# ⽭㾆⸰# ᣫ⁾⾊れ〈# ▚ᧈ (allele frequencies), ⾊れ〈ㄥᣡ# ᣫ⁾⾊れ〈⧣# (allele number per locus), ር㔺㞩# 䁙゚㾘—# (observed heterozygosities, Ho), ᎃᣫ㞩# 䁙゚㾘—# (expected heterozygosities, He), ᣋ䁙⣟ゞ␜㉿⧣# (Polymorphism Information Content, PIC) ᡱ# Cervus 2.0 (Marshall et al., 1999) 㼨Ỳፃḥ⾲# ⼃㾆⸰# ኦ㾆⹅⾪ⅇ, GENEPOP version 3.4 software (Raymond and Rousset 1995) ‴#
⡉⼃㾆⸰# Markov-chain method⸐# ⿊㾊# Fisher's exact test‴# 㾆⸰# Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) ⸐# ⿲ 㞩㾆ᡱ㉿⿊# ⾊⿊⣟# ᆜゞ⾲# 㾆⹅ᣋ. ፃሉ# FSTAT version 2.9.3.2 software (Goudet, 1995) ‴# ⼃㾆⸰# ㊑ᣏᙖ⿊# ፇ 㞭ᧈ‴# ᘶ㩜ᙖᡱ# FIS (inbreeding coefficient) ᄟ⾲# ኦ㾊# 䄠#
⾊⿊⣟# ᆜゞ⾲# 㾆⹅ᣋ.
ᧉᧈ㊑ᣏ⿊# ⾊れら# ᣋⷉ⣟⿊# ゞᧈᡱ# ᧞⿲㾊# ⌵⎱⾪Ỳ# Ⓗ⣊
2008) ሩ#▖ኆⒽ⣊⾲# 㭯㾆⸰#㳱㾆⹅ᣋ. ᬊ#㊑ᣏᄐ⿊#⾊れ ら# 㔲‴# ᘶ㩜ᙖᡱ# FST ᄟ⾮# FSTAT software‴# ⼃㾆⸰#
ኦ㾆⹅ᣋ. ᱝ㾊#ᄍ#㉿⸱⿊#れ␝㊑ᣏሩ⿊#⾊れら#⾊⸴ርᇩ‴#ㄅ
TG X``G T
Locus A Ho He PIC FIS
Awb017 11 0.833 0.826 0.799 -0.009
Awb083 7 0.733 0.699 0.640 -0.050
Awb098 10 0.717 0.771 0.742 0.071
Hdh1321 34 0.950 0.966 0.956 0.017
Hdh145 5 0.267 0.749* 0.703 0.646**
Hdh512 22 0.483 0.931* 0.919 0.483**
Mean 14.8 0.664 0.824 0.793 0.195**
A, number of allele at each locus; Ho, observed heterozygosity; He, expected heterozygosity; PIC, Polymorphism Information Content; FIS, inbreeding coefficient.
* Statistically significant deviation from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (P <0.05).
** Significant level at P<0.05.
Table 2. Genetic variability of six microsatellite loci in Dokdo population
⡉㾆ᎃ# ⽭㾆⸰# MSA (Microsatellite Analyser; Dieringer and Schlötterer, 2002)⾲# ⼃㾆⸰# Nei's chord distance (1983) ᄟ⾲# ኦ㾆⹅⾪ⅇ# ‴# ፇᆌỲ# 㾆⸰# UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages) ⌵⎱⾪Ỳ#ᇩ㭯⧣‴#₎ᬊⷳ#㊑ᣏᄐ⿊#⾊⸴ርᇩ‴#ᘶ 㩜ᙖ⸈ᣋ.
đŝ ၰ Łₑ
1. エㆌㆉ#ᱬ⼙⪹#
ᧉᧈ# ㉿⸱⸐⣉# ⧣㊑㾊# れ␝# 60₊⸐# ᣫ㾊# ⾊れら# ᣋⷉ⣟#
Ⓗ⣊⿊# ᇑሩ‴# Table 2 ⸐# ᘶ㩜ᙖ⸈ᣋ. ᄍ# ⾊れ〈ㄥ⸐# ᭠‰#
ᣫ⁾⾊れ〈⧣# (A) ⿊# ⎯⽭ᡱ# 5-34ᄬỲ# Hdh145⸐⣉# 5ᄬ#
Hdh1321⸐⣉# 34ᄬỲ# 㷄ጧ# ᣫ⁾⾊れ〈⧣ᡱ# 14.8ᄬ⹅ᣋ. ር 㔺㞩# 䁙゚㾘—# (Ho) ⿊# ᇟ⼍# Hdh145ᄌ# 0.267Ỳ# ᄌ〞# ᙍ
⾮# ᄟ⾲# ᘶ㩜ᙚ# ⌣⅋# Hdh1321⾮# 0.950⾪Ỳ# ᄌ〞# ᝎ⾮# ᄟ⾲#
ᘶ㩜ᙖⷳ#㷄ጧ#ር㔺㞩#䁙゚㾘—#(Ho) ⾮#0.644Ỳ#ᘶ㩜ᙋᣋ.
㾊㶲# ᎃᣫ㞩# 䁙゚㾘—# (He) ⿊# ᇟ⼍⸐ᡱ# Awb083# 0.699 Ỳ# ᄌ〞# ᙍ⾮# ᄟ⾲# ᘶ㩜ᙖ⸈⾪ⅇ# Hdh1321# 0.966⾪Ỳ# ᄌ
〞# ᝎ⾮# ᄟ⾲# ᘶ㩜ᙖⷳ# 㷄ጧ# ᎃᣫ㞩# 䁙゚㾘—# (He) ⾮#
0.824Ỳ#ር㔺㞩#䁙゚㾘—#(Ho) ␜ᣋ#ᝎᆩ#ᘶ㩜ᙋᣋ. ṵ㾊#
ᄟ⾲# 㭙ᣫỲ# Markov-chain method⸐# ⿊㾊# Fisher's exact test‴# 㾆⸰# Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) ⸐# ⿲ 㞩㾆ᡱ㉿⿊#⾊⿊⣟#ᆜゞ⾲#㾊#ᇑሩ#Hdh145 ⌙#Hdh512⿊#2 ᄬ⿊# ⾊れ〈ㄥ⸐# ⿿ⷳ# ⾊⿊ら⾪Ỳ# ⎳ⷳᘺ# ᇑሩ‴# ᘶ㩜ᙖ⸈ᣋ#
(P < 0.05). ᣋ䁙⣟ゞ␜㉿⧣# (PIC) ⿊# ᇟ⼍⸐ᡱ# Awb083#
0.640⾪Ỳ# ᄌ〞# ᙍ⾮# ᄟ⾲# ᘶ㩜ᙚ# ⌣⅋, Hdh1321⾮# 0.956
⾪Ỳ# ᄌ〞# ᝎ⾮# ᄟ⾲# ᘶ㩜ᙖⷳ# 㷄ጧ# 0.793⾪Ỳ# ᘶ㩜ᙋᣋ. ፃ
ሉ# ㊑ᣏᙖ⿊# ፇ㞭ᧈ‴# 㳱㾆ᎃ# ⽭㾆⸰# ፇኆᇩ⧣# (FIS) ‴#
Ⓗ⣊㾊# ᇑሩ# Hdh145 ⌙# Hdh512⿊# 2ᄬ⿊# ⾊れ〈ㄥ⸐# ⿿ⷳ#
⾊⿊ら⾪Ỳ# ᝎ⾮# ፇ㞭ᧈ‴# ᘶ㩜ᙖ⸈⾪ⅇ# ᧉᧈ㊑ᣏ⿊# 㷄ጧ# ፇ ኆᇩ⧣# (FIS) ⸐# ⿿ⷳ⣉ᧈ# 0.195Ỳ# ⾊⿊ら⾪Ỳ# ᝎᆩ# ᘶ㩜ᙋᣋ#
(P < 0.05).
ṵ㾊#ᧉᧈ㊑ᣏ⿊#⾊れら#ᣋⷉ⣟⿊#ゞᧈ‴# 㳱㾆ᎃ⽭㾆⸰#
⾊れら#ᣋⷉ⣟#ᇑሩ⺐#▖ኆ㾆⸰#␜ⶈᣋ. ፃ#ᇑሩ#6ᄬ#㉿⸱㊑ᣏ
⿊#ᣫ⁾⾊れ〈⧣ᡱ##㷄ጧ#13.8-15.8ᄬỲ#ᧉᧈ㊑ᣏ⿊#14.8ᄬ⺐#
㨂# 㔲ᡱ# ᘶ㩜ᘶ㉿# ⶈᣋ. ፃṵᘶ# 㷄ጧ# ር㔺㞩# 䁙゚㾘㗏#
(Ho) ⿊# ᇟ⼍# 6ᄬ# ㉿⸱㊑ᣏ⸐⣉ᡱ# 0.605-0.656⾪Ỳ# ᘶ㩜ᘺ#
⌣⅋# ᧉᧈ㊑ᣏ⸐⣉ᡱ# 0.664Ỳ# 6ᄬ⿊# ㉿⸱㊑ᣏ␜ᣋ# ᝎ⾮# ᄟ⾲#
ᘶ㩜ᙖ⸈ᣋ. ᱝ㾊# 㷄ጧ# ᎃᣫ㞩# 䁙゚㾘—# (He) ⸐# ⿿ⷳ⣉ᧈ#
ᄌ〞#ᝎ⾮#ᄟ⾲#ᘶ㩜ᙚ#⼕⡍㊑ᣏ⿊#0.824⺐#ᄦ⾮#ᄟ⾲#ᘶ㩜ᙖ
⸈ᣋ. ፃሉ# ᣋⷉ⣟ゞ␜㉿⧣# (PIC) ⸐# ⿿ⷳ⣉ᧈ# ᧉᧈ㊑ᣏ⿊#
0.793⾮# 6ᄬ⿊# ㉿⸱㊑ᣏ# ㆸ# ᄌ〞# ᝎᆩ# ᘶ㩜ᘺ# ⼕⡍㊑ᣏ#
(0.798) ሩ#▖⪔㾊#ᄟ⾲#ᘶ㩜ᙖ⸈ᣋ. ᱝ㾊#㊑ᣏ#ᙖ⿊#ፇ㞭ᧈ‴#
ᘶ㩜ᙖᡱ# ፇኆᇩ⧣# (FIS) ‴# ᇩ⡍㾆⸰# ▖ኆ㾦# ␠# ᇑሩ, 6ᄬ# ㉿
⸱㊑ᣏ⸐⣉ᡱ#0.195-0.265Ỳ#㷄ጧ# 0.233⿊# ᝎ⾮# ᄟ⾲#ᘶ㩜ᙚ#
⌣⅋# ᧉᧈ㊑ᣏ⾮# ㆸ# ᄌ〞# ᙍᆩ# ᘶ㩜ᘺ# ⺔ᧈ㊑ᣏ⿊# 0.195⺐#
ᄦ⾮# ᄟ⾲# ᘶ㩜ᙖ⸈ᣋ.
⺐#ᄦ#ᧉᧈ㊑ᣏሩ#⼍ᘶ᷵⿊#᧞⣉ᙆ㾦⿊#6ᄬ⿊#㉿⸱
㊑ᣏ⿊# ⾊れら# ᣋⷉ⣟⾲# ▖ኆ㾊# ᇑሩ# ᧉᧈ㊑ᣏ⾮# 6ᄬ⿊# ㉿⸱
㊑ᣏ# ␜ᣋ# ᝎ⾮# ር㔺㞩# (Ho) ⌙# ᎃᣫ㞩# (He) 䁙゚㾘—, ᣋ ⷉ⣟ゞ␜㉿⧣# (PIC) ‴# ᘶ㩜ᙖ⸈⾪ⅇ# ፇኆᇩ⧣# (FIS) ⿊# ▖ኆ
⸐#⿿ⷳ⣉ᧈ#ᣋ‰#㉿⸱㊑ᣏ␜ᣋ#ᙍ⾮#ᄟ⾲#ᘶ㩜ᙖ⸈ᣋ. ṵ㾊#
ᇑሩ⿊#⼱⾲#㛌ゞ㾆⸰#␜⅋#Jeong et al. (2008) ⿊#᧞⣉
ᙆ㾦# 6ᄬ# ㉿⸱㊑ᣏ⸐# ⿿ⷳ# ⌵れ␝⿊# 䂇䃡▖⾒# 㷄ጧ#
67.4%Ỳ# ᝎᆩ# ᘶ㩜ᘶ# ⌵# ᨥⷳ㊃# れ␝⸐# ⿊㾦# ፃ# ㉿⸱⸐# ⣉
⫁㾆ሉ# ⿿ᡱ# れ␝㊑ᣏ⿊# ⾊れら# ᣋⷉ⣟⾲# 㛍⥆# ⫀㢙ᎃ# ᮀ∨
᷵# 㛌ゞᨥⷳ㊃ᣋ. ᭠᷵⣉# 6ᄬ# ㉿⸱㊑ᣏ⿊# ⾊れら# ᣋⷉ⣟␜ᣋ#
TG YWWG T
Dokdo
FST Genetic distance
Uljin 0.0277* 0.10574
Ulsan 0.0189* 0.09259
Taean 0.0262* 0.10154
Daechon 0.0363* 0.11552
Yosu 0.0174* 0.09527
Wando 0.0206* 0.09998
*Significant level at P<0.05
Table 3. Comparison of FST and genetic distance among populations
Uljin Ulsan Taean Wando Daechon Yosu Dokdo 0.01
Uljin Ulsan Taean Wando Daechon Yosu Dokdo
0.01
Fig. 1. UPGMA dendrogram of Dokdo populations based on Nei's chord distance.
ᝎᆩ# ᘶ㩜ᘺ# ᧉᧈ㊑ᣏ⿊# ⾊れら# ᣋⷉ⣟⾲# ⾊㉿㾆ሉ# ␜ㄉ㾆ᎃ#
⽭㾦⣉ᡱ##㉿⸱⿊#⾊れら#ᣋⷉ⣟#⌙#㲔⣟⾲#ሉẲ㾆⸰#ሟㄛ
∄⿊#⌵ᄌ#ᾏⷳヅⶳ#㾆ⅇ#⌵‴#㾊#䄠⸐ᧈ#㉿⥇ら#⾊
れ㾇ら# ↇ㫜₂# 㽰⻭㾆ᣋሉ# ⡿ᄍᨥⷳ㊃ᣋ.
2. エㆌㆉ#㖰ー#
ᧉᧈ㊑ᣏሩ# 6ᄬ# ㉿⸱㊑ᣏᄐ⿊# ⾊れら# 㔲‴# 㳱㾆ᎃ⽭㾆
⸰# FST ᄟ# ⌙# Nei's chord distance (1983) ‴# Table 3⸐#
ᘶ㩜ᙖ⸈ᣋ. ፃ#ᇑሩ#ᧉᧈ㊑ᣏ⾮#6ᄬ#㉿⸱㊑ᣏ#ↇᩥ⸐#⿿ⷳ#⾊
⿊㾊# 㔲‴# ᘶ㩜ᙖ⸈ᣋ# (P < 0.05). ፃ# ㆸ# ⣉㾦⿊# ᣫ㖶㊑ᣏ
#0.0363⾪Ỳ#ᄌ〞#㨂#㔲‴#ᘶ㩜ᙖ⸈⾪ⅇ#ᙆ㾦⿊#⸰⧣㊑ᣏ
#0.0174Ỳ#ᄌ〞# ら⾮# 㔲‴#ᘶ㩜ᙖ⸈ᣋ. ᱝ㾊# ᬊ#㊑ᣏᄐ
⿊# ⾊れら# ᆌ‴# ▖ኆ㾆⸰␜⅋# ⣉㾦# ᣫ㖶㊑ᣏ# 0.11552Ỳ#
ᄌ〞# ᝎ⾮# ᄟ⾲# ᘶ㩜ᙖ⸈⾪ⅇ# ᧞㾦# ⼕⡍㊑ᣏ# 0.09259Ỳ# ᣋ
‰# ㉿⸱㊑ᣏ␜ᣋ# ᙍ⾮# ᄟ⾲# ᘶ㩜ᙖ⸈ᣋ. ṵ㾊# ᄟ⾲# 㭙ᣫỲ#
UPGMA⎱⾲# ⼃㾆⸰# ⾊れら# ⾊⸴ᧈỲ# ᘶ㩜ᙖⷳ␜ⶈᣋ#
⁾ᨥⷳ㊃# 䁙㩼Ỳ# ᘶ㩜ᙋᣋ. ṵ㾊# ᇑሩᡱ# ᧉᧈ⿊# ᇟ⼍, ㉿
ら⾪Ỳ#ᇊᨩ#㉿⸱⾪Ỳ#⾊れら#⏠#⌙#㉿⸱⣟⾲#ᘶ㩜ᙖᡱ#⾊
れら# 㲔ゞ䁙㊇# ⾋㉿⿊# れ␝ሩᡱ# 㔲‴# ᘶ㩜ᙖሉ# ⿿ᎃ# ᮀ∨
᷵#㛌ゞᨥⷳ㊃ᣋ. ᭠᷵⣉#ᣋ‰#㉿⸱ሩ⿊#㔲‴#ᘶ㩜ᙖᡱ#ᧉ ᧈ㉿⸱⿊#れ␝⾲#⾊㉿#⌙#␜ㄉ㾆ᎃ#⽭㾦⣉ᡱ##㉿⸱⿊#⾊れら#
ᣋⷉ⣟⾲# ሉẲ㾊# 㗏ᇩ䂣ᨩ# ⌵ᄌ# ᾏⷳヅⶳ# 㾊ᣋሉ# ⡿ᄍᨥ
ⷳ㊃ᣋ.
᧞
␠#⸴ኦ⸐⣉ᡱ# ᝎ⾮#⏠‴# ᘶ㩜ᙖᡱ# 6ᄬ⿊#Microsatellite DNA ⾊れ㹫⫁⾲# ⼃㾆⸰# ᧉᧈ㉿⸱⸐# ⣉⫁㾆ሉ# ⿿ᡱ# 〈⸴⡍#
⿊#6ᄬ#㉿⸱㊑ᣏሩ#▖ኆ#Ⓗ⣊㾆⹅ᣋ. ፃ#ᇑሩ#ᧉᧈ㉿⸱⿊#⾊れ ら# ᣋⷉ⣟⾮# 6ᄬ# ㉿⸱㊑ᣏ␜ᣋ# ᝎᆩ# ᘶ㩜ᙋ⾪ⅇ# ⾊れら# ᆌ
⸐#⿊㾊#⾊⸴ርᇩ#Ⓗ⣊#ᇑሩ⸐#⿿ⷳ⣉ᧈ#ᬊ#㊑ᣏሩᡱ#ᧉ⁾ᨩ#
㊑ᣏ⾪Ỳ# ᘶ㩜ᙋᣋ. ṵ㾊# ᇑሩᡱ# 6ᄬ# ㉿⸱㊑ᣏ⸐# ⿿ⷳ# ⌵
れ␝⿊# ᝎ⾮# 䂇䃡▖⾒⸐# ⿊㾊# 〈⸴⡍# ㊑ᣏ⿊# ⾊れら# ᣋⷉ⣟#
㛍⥆ᨥⷳ㊃# ᇑሩ᷵ሉ# ⡿ᄍᨥⷳ㊃ᣋ. ᭠᷵⣉# ᧉᧈ㊑ᣏ⿊# ᝎ⾮#
⾊れら# ᣋⷉ⣟⾲# ⾊㉿㾆ሉ# ␜ㄉ㾆ᎃ# ⽭㾦⣉ᡱ# # ㉿⸱⿊# ⾊れ ら# ᣋⷉ⣟⾲# ሉẲ㾊# 㗏ᇩ䂣ᨩ# れ␝ㄛ∄⿊# ⌵ᄌ# ᾏⷳヅⶳ 㾆ⅇ, ⌵‴#㾊#䄠⸐ᧈ#㉿⥇ら#⾊れ㾇ら#ↇ㫜₂#㽰⻭
㾆ᣋሉ# ⡿ᄍᨥⷳ㊃ᣋ.
ᔍ ᔍ
␠# ⸴ኦᡱ# # ኧ⁾⧣⡍ሩ㾇⼱# (RP-2009-BT-028) ⿊# ㉿⼱⸐#
⿊㾦# ⸴ኦ# ᨥ⸈⪒ᣋ.
3&'&3&/$&4
᎓䄤⧣, 㚌⏲ḕ, 1981. ⼕⁂ᧈ# ⌙# ᧉᧈ⿊# 㾦ⷉ# ∤㖳㛌᧞∬⡟. 㾊 ኧ〈⸴␜ㄉ䁕䃠# ㄅ⡉␜ሉ⣉. 19, 193-200.
㾦ⷉ⧣⡍Ⓓ. 2000. ᧉᧈ# ⡿㩼ᇩ# ᬘ# ᎃ㘯ㄅ⡉# ⸴ኦ. 11-649.
Dieringer D., Schlötterer C. (2002) Microsatellite analyser (MSA): a platform independent analyser tool for large microsatellite data sets, Molecular Ecology Note 3: 167-169.
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Hara M., Sekino M. (2005) Genetic difference between Ezo-awabi Haliotis discus hannai and Kuro-awabi H. discus discus population: microsatellite-based population analysis in Japanese abalone. Fisheries Science, 71: 754-766.
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Kang, R. S., Won K. S., Hong K. P., Kim J. M. (2001) Population studies on the Kelp Ecklonia cava and Eisenia bicyclis in Dokdo, korea, 16(2): 209-215.
Li Q., Park C., Kijima A. (2002) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, Journal of Shellfish Research, 21: 811-815.
Marshall T. C., Slate J., Kruuk L., Pemberton J. M.
(1998) Statistical confidence for likelihood-based paternity inference in natural populations. Molecular Ecology, 7: 639-655.
Miller K. M., Laberee K., Kaukinen K. H., Li S., Withler R.E. (2001) Development of microsatellite loci in pinto abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana).
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Nei M., Tajima, F., Tateno Y. (1983) Accuracy of estimated phylogenetic trees from molecular data.
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Park C. J., Li Q., Kobayashi T., Kijima A. (2003) Characterization novel microsatellite DNA marker in
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Raymond M., Rousset F. (1995) GenePop (version 1.2):
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