Immunological characteristics of Edwardsiella tarda grown under iron-restricted condition

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45 .

( ,

1989). 1980

(Song and Kou, 1981; Salati et al., 1983; Salati and Kusuda, 1985; Gilda and Wak- abayashi, 1986; Salati et al., 1987; Mekuchi et al.,

Edwardsiella tarda

Immunological characteristics of Edwardsiella tarda grown under iron-restricted condition

Hyun Suk Choi, Deok Chan Lee and Soo Il Park

Wando Maritime & Fisheries Office Fisheries Management Division, Jeonnam 537-800, Korea Pathology Team, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-902, Korea Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University,

Busan 608-737, Korea

The immunogenicity of Edwardsiella tarda was surveyed under two different culture conditions. In SDS- PAGE patterns of the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) extracts of E. tarda, grown under Trypic soy broth (TSB) and TSB supplemented iron chelate 2,2'-dipyridyl iron-restricted condition, were examined. The results showed that the iron-regulated outer membrane protein (IROMPs) with molecular masses of 68 and 73 kDa were expressed by bacteria grown in iron-chelate TSB.

The pathogenicity was examined by intraperitoneal injection with live E. tarda grown under TSB, iron- chelate TSB and iron-supplemented TSB. The result of pathogenicity test showed significantly high mortal- ity in the group of live E. tarda grown under iron-chelate TSB.

The effect of formalin killed cell (FKC) of TSB cultured bacteria and 2,2'-dipyridyl FKC (DP-FKC) of cultured bacteria on the iron-chelate TSB on the development of protective immunity in olive flounder was studied. The level of immune response was evaluated with immunized fish at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after immunization. The numbers of specific antibody secreting cells (SASCs) showed significantly increased level at 2 week after immunization in each group. The agglutination titre of immunized fish was significantly high level at 3 weeks after immunization.

The level of protection in olive flounder at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after vaccination was examined by intraperitoneal challenge test with live E. tarda.

Key words: Edwardsiella tarda, iron-restricted condition, outer membrane proteins (OMPs), iron-regulated outer membrane proteins (IROMPs), 2,2'-dipyridyl

Corresponding Author : Soo Il Park, Tel : 051-620-6141, Fax : 051-628-7430, E-mail : [email protected]

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1995). vaccine , lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (ECPs)

(Salati et al., 1983; Gutierrez and Miyazaki, 1994).

in vivo (Brown et al., 1988).

(Davies et al., 1994a) (Gar- dun et al., 1993a, b) in vivo

iron-regulated condition iron-regulated outer membrane proteins (IROMPs)

(Duncan et al., 1998).

major outer membrane proteins (OMPs)

. Tu and Kawai (1998 & 1999) Edwardsiella tarda 37 kDa OMPs

, Rahman et al.(2002) Flavobacterium psychrophilum FKC outer membrane fraction

rainbow trout 4

. Hirst et al. (1994) Aeromonas salmonicida OMPs IROMPs Atlantic salmon

. iron-regulated condi-

tion E. tarda IROMPs

(Hirst et al., 1994; Duncan and

Sorum, 1998) ,

E. tarda

vaccine .

E. tarda iron-regulated condition , OMPs . , iron-chelate (2,2'- dipyridyl)

IROMPs ,

. FKC 2,2'-dipyridyl FKC (DP-FKC)

vaccine .

15-17 cm, 30-32 g 6 FRP

30 , 2

. 20

1 .

2000 7 E. tarda

. 80 ,

1.5% NaCl Tryptic soy agar (TSA, Difco) 27 , 24

3 .

E. tarda

E. tarda iron-regulated condition

. E. tarda

Tryptic soy broth (TSB, Difco), 2,2'-dipyridyl

(Sigma Chem. Co.) 100 M TSB

Fe 10 M FeCl3

TSB 27 , 24

. E. tarda

(10,000 g, 4 , 10min; Sor-

vall Instruments, USA) 3

(3)

1 10⁴cfu

/ 0.1

. 20 1

11 .

. 5

,

.

Vaccine

E. tarda iron-regulated condition 0.5% (v/v) formalin

E. tarda formalin killed cells (FKC) DP-

FKC A⁵⁴⁰

= 0.8 (Packard Bioscience Company) 0.1

.

. 1, 2, 3 4

vaccine .

OMPs

E. tarda OMPs IROMPs

Laemmli (1970)

, OMPs IROMPs Luywyche et al. (1995)

. E. tarda TSB 2,2'-

dipyridyl TSB 25 , 24

10,000 g, 10 20mM Tris/HCl sol. (pH 8.0) 3 pellet

(Vibracell, Sonics & Materials, USA) 30

3 . 4,000

g, 10

43,000 g, 30 .

pellet detergent Sarkosyl (protein/detergent ratio of 1:6, mg/ml) 32 , 30

. 43,000 g, 30

pellet 20mM Tris/HCl sol. (pH

7.4) 3 OMPs

.

OMPs IROMPs 5 SDS sample

buffer (10% SDS, Tris, 20% glycerol, 5mM 2-mer-

captoethanol) 100 , 10 boiling

, 10,000 g 10

12% SDS-Polyacrylamide gel loading

60mA 1 . Molecular

weight marker low range SDS-PAGE standards

(Bio-Rad) . Loading gel

Coomassie brilliant blue R-250

Coomassie destain band

.

Roberson (1991)

. 3

,

4 overnight

(8,000 g, 5 min)

. 96-well round bottom plate

microtiter .

(1999)

,

.

3 .

Nitrocellulose membranes 96 well polystyrene microtiter plate well ethylene- diamine tetra-acetic acid (20mM, pH 7.2)

E. tarda FKC 50 /well

4 overnight coating .

0.1% Tween 20 washing buffer (T-PBS) 3

. well 3% BSA 200

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37 , 1 coating blocking . L-15 medium

well 10⁶, 10⁵ 10⁴cell

CO2incubator (CO2, 5%) 20 , 6

. 25 /

rabbit anti-flounder Ig 75

alkaline phosphate peroxidase (Sigma

Chem. Co.) 1:1000 75

. 5-bromo-4-chloro-3- indolyl phosphate/nitro blue tetrazolium (BCIP/NBT, Sigma Chem. Co.) 100

well 10

T-PBS

. spot

(SZ-PT, Olympus) .

3 E. tarda TSB 20 , 24

1 10⁶cfu/

0.1 .

. 10

2

.

E. tarda

Iron-regulated conditions E.

tarda

Table 1 . 2,2'-dipyridyl

E. tarda 11

100%

, E.

tarda 40%

.

OMPs SDS-PAGE profile

TSB OMPs

2,2'-dipyridyl TSB

IROMPs SDS-PAGE

(Fig. 1). E. tarda

MOMPs 37 40 kDa

, 68 73 kDa protein

profiles OMPs IROMPs

.

OMPs cell surface protein Gram- negative bacteria

(Zierler and Galan, 1995; Ahmed and New-

Table 1. Pathogenicity test of live Edwardsiella tarda grown under iron-regulated conditions

Treatment No. of Days after post injection

% Mortality

(1 10³cfu/fish) tested fish 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Control¹ 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 20

TSB-E. tarda² 5 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 60

DP-E. tarda³ 5 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 100

Fe-E. tarda⁴ 5 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 40

1, injected PBS only.

2, E. tarda cultured in the TSB.

3, E. tarda cultured in the TSB supplemented iron chelator 2,2'-dipyridyl.

4, E. tarda cultured in the TSB supplemented FeCl³.

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ton, 2001). Suzuki et al. (1994) Suzuki et al.

(1996) Vibrio anguillarum MOMPs , Lutwyche et al.

(1995) Aeromonas

salmonicida 28 kDa MOMPs

. Duncan and Sorum (1998) iron-restricted condition in vivo

OMPs ,

.

pore-forming proteins (porins) siderophore receptor proteins

(Davey et al., 1998),

siderophore .

iron-chelator profile

siderophore receptor

proteins .

iron-restricted condition

68 73 kDa OMPs iron

receptor .

68 73 kDa OMPs

siderophore receptor

high affinity iron-binding protein iron-uptake mechanism

factor ,

TSB Fe TSB

E. tarda IROMPs

.

FKC DP-FKC 1, 2, 3 4

Fig. 2 .

3 .

FKC 64

DP-FKC 256 512 FKC

. Hirst et al. (1994) Durbin et al. (1999)

iron-chelate 2,2'-dipyridyl IROMPs

. Fig. 1. SDS-PAGE profiles of Edwardsiella tarda outer

membrane proteins (OMPs) on 10% acrylamide gel. The proteins were stained with coomassic brilliant blue R-250.

M, molecular weight marker proteins; 1, iron-restricted outer membrane proteins of E. tarda (IROMPs); 2, outer membrane proteins of E. tarda (OMPs).

Fig. 2. Agglutination titers in the serum of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks post immu- nization with FKC ( ) and 100 M 2,2'-dipyridyl-FKC ( DP-FKC, ), respectively. Control fish was injected with physiological saline (CON, ). * significant difference between FKC and DP-FKC, P 0.05.

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Fig. 3 .

1 spot

2 ,

pattern

. FKC DP-

FKC

2 4

.

2

3 .

lymphoid organ lympho- cyte

lymphoid organ

.

FKC (or DP-FKC)

, DP-FKC

FKC

. iron-restricted condi-

tion DP-FKC IROMPs

.

FKC DP-FKC 1, 2, 3 4

1 10⁶cfu/ E. tarda

(Table 2 Fig. 4, 5, 6, 7).

. 1

22%

Fig. 3. Mean number of specific antibody secreting cells (SASCs) against Edwardsiella tarda in the head kidney of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, following 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks immunization with FKC ( ) and 100 M 2,2'-dipyridyl-FKC (DP-FKC, ), respectively. Control fish was injected with physiological saline (CON, ). * significant difference between FKC and DP-FKC : P

0.05.

Table 2. Mortality and relative percentage survival (RPS) in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, challenged with 1 10⁶ cells/ of viable Edwardsiella tarda at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after vaccination

Mortality (%) RPS(%)^a

Trearment Weeks Weeks

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Control 90 90 90 90 - - - -

FKC 70 70 50 60 22 22 44.4 33

DP-FKC 70 50 20 30 22 44.4 77.7 66.6

a, RPS (%) = 1 - (% mortality of vaccinated / % mortality of control) 100.

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,

. 2 FKC

30% , DP-

FKC 50%

. 3

FKC

50% DP-FKC

80%

.

4 FKC

Fig. 5. Survival rate of olive flounder, Paralichthys oli- vaceus, vaccinated with formalin killed cells of Edward- siella tarda grown in TSB (FKC, ) or in 100 M 2,2'- dipyridyl supplenmented TSB (DP-FKC, ). The fish was challenged by intraperitoneal injection with 1 10⁶ cells/ of E. tarda at 2 weeks after vaccination. Control fish was injected with physiological saline (CON, ).

Fig. 4. Survival rate of olive flounder, Paralichthys oli- vaceus, vaccinated with formalin killed cells of Edward- siella tarda grown in TSB (FKC, ) or in 100 M 2,2'- dipyridyl supplenmented TSB (DP-FKC, ). The fish was challenged by intraperitoneal injection with 1 10⁶ cells/ of E. tarda at 1 week after vaccination. Control fish was injected with physiological saline (CON, ).

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40%, DP-FKC

70% . Vaccine

4

3 DP-FKC

.

DP-FKC FKC

3 .

, FKC

2,2'-dipyridyl DP-FKC

protein profile vaccine

. iron chelate

siderophore receptor IROMPs

. IROMPs

.

E. tarda TSB,

iron-chelate 2,2'-dipyridyl TSB Fe

TSB E. tarda .

iron-chelate

E. tarda .

OMPs IROMPs SDS-

PAGE , iron-chelate

E. tarda IROMPs 68, 73 kDa

.

vaccine 2,2'-dipyridyl

DP-FKC .

FKC DP-FKC

, 3 . ELISPOT

pattern , vaccine

2

. 3

FKC 50%, DP-FKC

80% .

DP-FKC .

E. tarda

vaccine FKC vac-

cine

DP-FKC vaccine

.

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Manuscript Received : February 17, 2006 Revision Accepted : March 30, 2006 Responsible Editorial Member : Jung-Woo Park

(Ulsan Univ.)