Vol. 49, No. 5 O2012PG pp. 654-662
ٓਏׁ࣑ছକࠤாਉֻߦৃਓܣۀHPME߆ր
ৃਓ۩֜
Գ็
 ࣲச
 ۩૽
 ૈਆ
 ౖฅ
 নָવ
 ًౖశ
 ࢮవઽ
The Study on Au Losses in the Glassy Slag During the Lead-fire Assay
Kang-Hee Cho, Bong-Ju Kim, Dae-Woong Wi, Su-Ji Oh, Seoung-Hwan Choi, Kyu-Youl Sung, Nag-Choul Choi and Cheon-Young Park
Abstract : In order to investigate the reason for gold losses in the lead-fire assay, the salt, galena, lead, and quartz were observed from the results of XRD analysis for the glassy slag from the flux mixture process. In the lead-fire assay, the gold losses were determined to be 20.98% in the slag of the rock, while the gold losses were 12.55% in the slag of the concentrate. The reason for the gold losses in the slag was explained that it may not be effectively decomposed from the quartz and precipitated by the lead in the lead-fire assay process.
The borax was suggested to be more effective in reducing gold losses in the concentrate than in the rock.
Key words : Gold losing, Lead-fire assay, Glassy slag, Flux mixture
څ أ: Ǭ-֨ŚѪقԴ֢͒ŔͿ՜֬ʼəŚ՜֬ڙۍںőϼॠČۙॠٕɰ. ؒԵę܁ġقʂॠيڵ܃ঔ० ڷͿ֨ŚѪںսॱॠČŔ֢͒ŔقʂॠيXRDқԵॢĀęѓٍԵ, ՙŚ, ǬфԵٖۋěʼؽɰ. ֨ŚѪں
սॱॢĀę, ؒԵۆ֢͒ŔقԴŚ՜֬ۋथŒ19.86 %ۍъϸق܁ġۆ֢͒ŔقԴəथŒ12.55 %ۋٕɰ.
֢͒ŔقԴŚۋ՜֬ʼəڙۍڹ֨Śę܁قԴԵٖۋমęۺڷͿڵ३ʼݓЇॠٕş˺ЛقŔνČǬۋ
মęۺڷͿࠞۻʼݓЇ॰ş˺ЛقێرǦìڷͿԐΒʽɰ. ֨ŚѪقԴؒԵ҃ɰ܁ġقԴŚ՜֬ںܶۋə ʚңԐÀমęۺےںঝۍॠٕɰ.
ܳڅر: Ś՜֬, Ǭ-֨ŚѪ, ڮνݗ֢͒Ŕ, ڵ܃ঔ०
2012ț6ښ26ێۿս, 2012ț8ښ21ێ֮ԐٰΒ 2012ț10ښ18ێóۦঝ܁
1) ܓԸʂॡİقȃݓۙڙėॡę
2) ʴҙæԺ(ܳ) ۙڙԐغҙ
3) ۻǫʂॡİėغşցٍĵՙ
*Corresponding Author(чߎٖ) E-mail; [email protected]
Address; Department of Energy and Resource Engineering, Chosun University, Kwang-ju, Korea
Դ
࣯॔͒ɔŔΝڙՙ(PGE)قə࣯॔͒ɔ(Pt), ࣻ͆˘(Pd), Ϳ˘(Rh), Θࢬɔ(Ru), ۋν˘(Ir), ١֟в(Os)ˣۋ؎Ͳ
܋ەČۋ˞࣯॔͒ɔŔΝڙՙٮŚ(Au)ںŊŚ՚Ϊ (precious metals)ͿқΪॢɰ. ؒԵ, ġԵф܁ġ֨Βق
࣯॔͒ɔŔΝڙՙٮŚۋŕй͟ڷͿܕۦॠş˺Лق
ۋ˞Ś՚ںқνॠäǣধսॠşڦ३ԴəϤ۹қν (separation)-Ȭ߹(concentration)֨ࡈآ ॢɰ. Ǭ-֨ŚѪ
(lead-fire assay, Pb-FA)ę ɦࡃ-֨ŚѪ(nickel sulfide fire assay, NiS-FA)ۋ١͒ۻҙࢢ࣯॔͒ɔŔΝڙՙٮ
Śںқν-Ȭ߹ॠəʚۋڌʼرٵɰ(Barefoot and van Loon, 1999; Rao and Reddi, 2000; Juvonen et al., 2004). Ǭ-֨ŚѪڹ࣯॔͒ɔŔΝڙՙۍ࣯॔͒ɔ, ࣻ
͆˘, Ϳ˘ęŚںܳͿқν-Ȭ߹ॠəʚۋڌʼČɦࡃ-
֨ŚѪڹʂҙқۆ࣯॔͒ɔŔΝڙՙεқν-Ȭ߹ॠə ʚ ۋڌʽɰ. Ǭ-֨ŚѪڹ қϊ֨Β, ԓজǬ(litharge,
©ƀ¨),ՙɰধ(soda ash, sodium carbonate, §ſϨÐ),ң Ԑ(borax, sodium tetraborate, §ſÏѨÔ), őԐ(silica,
¬Ƈ¨Ï), нÀΘ(flour, ×)ˣںʪÀɦ(fire-clay crucible) ق ȏČ ڌڵ֨ࢇɰ. ԓজǬ(©ƀÏ â¨Ï à)ۋ ڌڵʼر Ǭ (©ƀ×)ڷͿঞڙʼϸԴ࣯॔͒ɔŔΝڙՙٮŚںपݚॠ يʪÀɦцɱڷͿࠞۻ֨ࢇɰ(Potts, 1987). ŊŚ՚˞
ۋपݚʽǬ०ŚںǬ߸(lead button)ۋ͆ॢɰ. őԓ
ّġНęCu, Pb, Zn ˣęÏڹŚ՚˞ڹڌڵʼرڮν
ٍĵȦЛ
Table 1. The mixtures of fusion flux for the lead-fire assay (units; g) classification
of sample
mixture of fusion flux (slag name)
powdered sample
litharge (©ƀ¨)
soda ash (§ſϨÐ)
borax (§ſÏШÔ)
flour (C)
silver nitrate (ƅ§¨Ð) (mg)
rock
mixture 1 (SMC-1) 30 35 55 10 20
mixture 2 (SMC-8) 30 40 55 10 20
mixture 3 (SMC-15) 30 35 55 10 10 20
mixture 4 (SMC-22) 30 40 55 10 10 20
concentrate
mixture 1 (SMC-29) 10 35 55 10 5
mixture 2 (SMC-36) 10 40 55 10 5
mixture 3 (SMC-43) 10 35 55 10 10 5
mixture 4 (SMC-50) 10 40 55 10 10 5
ݗ֢͒Ŕ(slag)ͿқνʼرʪÀɦڦͿ̴ɰ. ۋ˺ي
͠ÀݓڅۍقۆॠيŚۋǬ߸ͿपݚʼݓЇॠČ֢
͒ŔͿ ڮۓʽɰ.
Ǭ-֨ŚѪڹŕй͟ۆŚ॥͟ںĀ܁ॠəʚठνॠó
Ԑڌʼرٵڷǣ, ψڹتۆڵ܃(fusion flux)ÀԐڌʼ ş˺Лق١ÀьԦॣսەɰ. ̚ॢي͠Àݓڅۍ قۆॠيŚۋ֨Śę܁قԴ՜֬ʽɰ(van Loon, 1977;
Baker, 1985; Juvonen and Vaananen, 1993; Balcerzak, 2002; Suominen et al., 2004; Turan and Yucel, 2011).
Ǭ߸ÀՁʼəę܁قԴŚۋ֢͒ŔͿأ2% ՜֬ʼ Č, ࡺचͪۋՎ(cupellation) ę܁قԴ أ 1%À ՜֬ʽ ɰ(Baker, 1985). ডজġНۋমęۺڷͿڌڵʼݓ؍
؉Ś՜֬ۋߣ͒ʼşʪॠ϶(van Loon, 1977; Potts, 1987), ̚ॢ őԓّġНۋ ȃИ ۺر ݓǣࠚ ۾ՁڷͿ
ۍॠيŚ՜֬ۋьԦॢɰ(Potts, 1987). ̚ॢۍࡺͪۋ Վ(inquaration)ڷͿ ۍॠي Ś ՜֬ۋ ێرǦɰ(Turan and Yucel, 2011).
֨Śę܁قԴێرǣəŚ՜֬ں߯ՙজॠşڦ३Դ
ڵ܃ܓ०ęڌڵ֨Âں߯ۺজॠيآॢɰ(Bedard and Barnes, 2004). Śڹ ডߏԵ, ڮҼߏԵ ф ۙΪߏԵę
ÏڹডজġНقওڹԵٖęÏڹőԓّġНقսъ ʽɰ. ۋ˞ġН˞ۋমęۺڷͿڌڵʼşڦ३Դəࠜ
ͪߣԵ(niter, ¤§¨Ð), ՙɰধ ңԐ ˣ, ̚əÞ§ſ©¨ÐßƖ,
¥ƇÏѨÔ, ¤¡Ñ¡Ñ¨Ó, ¤Ï¨Ðˣں ߐÀॢɰ(Bedard and Barnes, 2004; Juvonen et al., 2004; Suominen et al., 2004). ŔνČǬ߸ͿŚۋ۞पݚʼرࠞۻʾսەʪ
ڌڵߕۆ۾ՁںԵ(ſÏ)ۋǣԵٖ(silica, ¬Ƈ¨Ï)ڷͿ
ܓۼ३آॢɰ(Rao and Reddi, 2000; Mcintosh, 2006),
˰͆ԴٍĵЀۺڹŚۋ֨Śę܁قԴڮνݗ֢͒
ŔͿ՜֬ʼəڙۍںࣷ؊ॠČۙॠٕɰ. ɰتॢ॥͟
ҼͿڵ܃εঔ०ܓ܃ॠي֨ŚѪںսॱॠٕČ֢͒Ŕ
Ϳ՜֬ʼəŚ॥͟ں܁͟জॠٕČŚ՜ٖ֬ॳۍۙ
ε ČॠČۙ ॠٕɰ.
֨Β ֬ॹѓѪфқԵѓѪ
֨ŚѪقԐڌॢ֨ΒəʂڍܓԸ३تSMCۆؒԵę
܁ġۋɰ. ؒԵ֨Βə Ͽۋԓۆ ॥ŚԵٖϕ(-82 ͪѧ) ںࠄॢìۋČ, ۋġϕۆডজġНںҙڮԸѻॢì ۋ܁ġ֨Βۋɰ. ۋ˞֨Βə200 mesh ۋॠͿ؉óۋ࣡
ЃͿйқթॠČ48֨Â105Gæܓş(dry oven)قԴ
æܓॠٕɰ. ۋ˞֨Β˞ڹ ÁÁ ڵ܃ঔ०Н(Table 1) ę ॥ƍ Ҽɩҋݓق ȏČ ۞ ঔ०ॠٕɰ(Johnson and Maxwell, 1981).
֬ॹѓѪ
֨Βٮ ڵ܃ঔ०Н(Table 1)ں ʪÀɦ(ȭۋ 13 cm, ٽą9.5 cm, Ǵą8 cm, ߕۺ70.81 cm3)قȏČݗԓڹ (ƅ§¨Ð)ڌؚ20 mgںߐÀॠٕɰ(Juvonen and Kontas, 1999). ֨Β शϸں ՙŚڷͿ ʪपॠي ֨Ś ę܁قԴ
ڌڵߕÀҼԓʼəìںѓݓॠٕɰ. ڌڵߕÀҼԓʼ əڙۍڹՙɰধÀڌڵʼر¨Ï À֟ÀьԦʼČŔ νČнÀΘÀԓজʾ˺¨Ï À֟ÀьԦʽɰ. ¨ÏÀ
۾Ձۆ ڌڵߕε ॣ ˺ ڌڵߕÀ Ҽԓ ՜֬ʽɰ (McIntosh et al., 2006). ֨Βٮڵ܃ঔ०Нۋ˞رەə
ʪÀɦεۻşʪÀɦق(muffle furnace) ȏČėşεė śॠϸԴ940قԴ40қÂÀَॠٕɰ. Ŕ͢ɰڼė şεɳॢԜͿ1150Ϳ1֨Âʴ؋ݓ՚֨ࡎɰ.
ۋ˺ڌڵ٣ʪəͪۋ܋٣ʪć(DS2-2000)Ϳࠑ܁ॠٕ
ɰ. ڌڵߕεiron moldقҢČǼÁ֨ࡎɰ. ǼÁʽڌڵ ߕε७ϢͿ˃˚Ͳڮνݗ֢͒ŔٮǬ߸Ϳқνॠٕ
Table 2. Analytical result of the glassy slag by EDS analysis
slag name elements weight % atomic%
SMC-15
O 47.48 61.13
Na 18.27 16.36
Al 5.32 4.06
Si 18.52 13.58
S 2.56 1.64
Cl 1.55 0.90
Fe 6.31 2.33
Total 100.00
SMC-29
C 5.35 8.47
O 51.03 60.70
Na 17.88 14.80
Al 4.21 2.97
Si 15.31 10.38
S 1.47 0.87
Cl 0.98 0.52
Fe 3.77 1.29
Total 100.00
Fig. 1. Photomicrograps of ore mineral from the rock sample (Ch; chalcopyrite, Ga; galena, Py; pyrite, Q;
quartz).
ɰ. Ǭ߸εࡺच-ʪÀɦ(bone ash crusible, ȭۋ3 cm, ٽą4 cm, Ǵą3 cm, ߕۺ6.75 cm3)قȏČ940ق Դ40қÂÀَॠيǬںԓজ֨ࡈ܃äॠٕɰ. ࡺच- ʪÀɦцɱقǫڹڹ߸(silver bead)εধսॠيИó εۦČ, heating blockقԴ20% ݗԓ15 mlεÀॠي
150Ϳ 30қÂ ڌ३֨ࡈ ڹں ܃äॠٕɰ. ۛڮНق
प॥ʼر ەə ڹ ф ҝտНں ܃äॠş ڦॠي ɰ֨
850قԴ5қʴ؋Àَॠٕɰ. տսॢŚںধսॠي
ुڦεćԓॠٕɰ. ̚ॢ֢͒ŔͿۆŚ՜֬ڙۍںࣷ
؊ॠşڦॠي, ֢͒Ŕقʂॠي2ÀݓѓѪڷͿŚ॥
͟ںࠑ܁ॠٕɰ. қνʽ֢͒Ŕεٶսқ३ॠيڙۙড় ġқԵş(AAS)Ϳ gold ॥͟ں ࠑ܁ॠٕČ, ֢͒Ŕε
Table 1ۆڵ܃ٮঔ०ॠيɰ֨֨ŚѪںսॱॠيŚ
॥͟ںĀ܁ॠٕɰ(Table 2). ŔνČ֢͒Ŕقप॥ʼر
ەəġНںঝۍॠşڦॠيٍυठں܃ۚॠيठġই йąę SEM ěں սॱॠٕɰ.
қԵѓѪ
200 mesh ۋॠۆæܓʽġԵф܁ġŔνČ֨ŚѪ قԴԦՁʽ֢͒ŔεÁÁ0.75 gԐқѪڷͿࠄॠ
ٕɰ. ٍۙŚ(native gold)ڹٍՁՁęҼܼڷͿۍॠ
يflake gold effect фnugget effectÀьԦॣսەɰ (Juvonen and Vaananen, 1993; Allan and Woodcock, 2001). ۋͿۍॠي֨Βࠄę܁قԴ١ÀьԦॣս ەɰ(Liipo, 2003) ۋ˞֨ΒəٶսεԐڌॠيheating block(model; DMB-2, 24 hole)قԴ70قԴ1֨Âʴ
؋ қ३ॠٕɰ. 20ѕͿ ৠԵʽ ڌؚ֨Βε ڙۙড়ġқ Եş(atomic absorption spectrophotometry, AAS, AA- 7000, Shimadzu, Japan)قԴAu, Ag, Pb, Fe ॥͟ںࠑ
܁ॠٕɰ. 200 mesh қϊ֨ΒəXRD(X-ray diffraction, Rigaku, Geigerflex D/max rA)қԵॠٕɰ. қԵܓæڹ
Cu-K쩀GԸںۋڌॠيÀ՚ۻؓ40 kV, ۻΪ30 mA, ܳ Ԑ՚ʪ 2°/min.ڷͿ 3°70°ۆ 2쩇G ĵÂں қԵॠٕɰ.
ĀęфČ
ġНॡۺқԵĀę
ؒԵ֨Βقप॥ʽġԵġНۆܛΪεঝۍॠşڦॠ يٍυठں܃ۚॠيठġইйąڷͿěॢĀęԵ
ٖ, ডߏԵ, ѓٍԵ, ডʴԵۋěʼؽɰ(Fig. 1). ডߏ ԵęডʴԵڹʫςۺڷͿԵٖقप॥ʼؽɰ. ѓٍԵڹ
Fig. 2. The XRD patterns for rock and concentrate (G;
galena, P; pyrite, Q; quartz).
Fig. 3. The XRD patterns of glassy slag from the lead-fire assay with rock (G; galena, H; halite, Q; quartz).
Fig. 4. The XRD patterns of glassy slag from the lead-fire assay with concentrate (G; galena, H; halite, L: lead, Q;
quartz).
ডߏԵقսъʼ϶, ٍۙŚ(native gold)əěʼݓ؍
ؕɰ. ٍĵݓًۆŚġԓڹߎَսقۆॠيڿধؒࠗۋ
őজ фþڏϿ Ѻݗۚڌں ыؕɰ(ۋَ֧ ˣ, 2009).
ؒԵę܁ġقʂॠيÁÁXRDқԵॢĀęԵٖ, ড ߏԵŔνČԵٖ, ডߏԵ, ѓٍԵۋěʼؽɰ(Fig. 2).
܁ġڹ ҙڮԸѻ(flotation)ѪڷͿ ডজġНę ϕԵġН
ںԸѻॢìۋɰ. ܁ġقԴԵٖۋěʼəڙۍڹҙ ڮԸѻقԴমęۺڷͿԵٖںز܃֨ࢅݓЇ॰ş˺Л ۋɰ. ؒԵę܁ġق॥ڮʽŚ॥͟ںĀ܁ॠşڦॠي
4Àݓڵ܃ঔ०(Table 1)ڷͿ֨ŚѪںÁÁ7ধսॱ ॠٕɰ. ŔĀęəTable 2ق܁νॠٕČ, ʂशۺۍ֢͒
Ŕق ʂॢ XRD қԵ ۙΒə Fig. 3(ؒԵۆ ֢͒Ŕ)ٮ
Fig. 4(܁ġۆ ֢͒Ŕ)ق ܁νॠٕɰ.
ѓٍԵ, ՙŚ(halite) ф Եٖق ३ɾʼə ধۼԸ˞ۋ
ؒԵۆ֢͒ŔقԴěʼؽɰ(Fig. 3). 2.95ڹѓٍԵ ق, 2.82ę1.99ڹՙŚقŔνČ3.34ڹԵٖق
३ɾʼəধۼԸڷͿԐΒʽɰ. ֢͒ŔقԴѓٍԵق३ ɾʼəXRD ধۼԸۋǣࢍǣəڙۍڹؒԵқϊ֨Βق
ѓٍԵۋप॥ʼؽş˺Лۋäǣ(Fig. 2) ওڹ֨Śę
܁قԴѓٍԵۋԞͿԦՁʼؽş˺ЛێìڷͿ߸܁ʽ ɰ. ۻۙəؒԵқϊ֨Βقप॥ʼرەʏѓٍԵۋأ
1150ۆČ٣ʪقԴڵ३ʼݓ؍ؕɰəۆйÀʽɰ.
Ŕ͠ǣѓٍԵۆڌڵ۾ۋ327ۍ۾ںČͲॠϸ, ֨ Śę܁قԴѓٍԵۋڵ३ʼݓ؍ؕɰəìڹ३Եॠş
رͲڏҙқۋɰ. ٷǽॠϸڌڵ۾ںǰ߸رܳəՙɰ ধεߐÀॠٕş˺Лۋɰ. ۙۆąڍ, ֨Śę܁قԴ
ԓজǬ(©ƀ¨)ۋ нÀΘ(C)ق ۆॠي Ǭ(©ƀ)ڷͿ ঞڙʼ ČডজġНͿҙࢢѓʽSÀԴͿĀ०ॠيѓٍԵۋ
Fig. 5. SEM image of glassy slag surface (a; SMC-15, b; SMC-29).
ՁʽìڷͿ३Եʽɰ. ۋٮÏڹ߸܁ڹ֢͒ŔقČ
॥͟ۆǬۋࠑ܁ʼؽş˺Лۋɰ(Table 5ۆPb ॥͟).
ՙŚق३ɾʼəধۼԸۋ֢͒ŔقԴǣࢍəڙۍڹ֨
Śę܁قԴڌڵߕۆҼԓںѓݓॠşڦॠيߐÀॢ
ՙŚ˺Лۋɰ. ڵ܃(flux)ͿߐÀॢՙɰধÀ֨Śę܁
قԴڵ३ʼϸԴ¨ÏÀьԦॠČ̚ॢঞڙ܃ͿߐÀॢ
нÀΘÀ ԓজʼϸԴ¨Ïε ьԦ֨ࢇɰ. ۋ˺ ьԦʽ
¨ÏÀ۾ՁۋȭڹڌڵߕεॠϸԴڌڵߕÀҼԓ
՜֬ʽɰ(McIntosh et al., 2006). ֢͒ŔقԴԵٖۆধ ۼԸۋěʼəìڹ॥ŚԵٖϕۆԵٖۋ֨Śę܁ق Դ ڵ३ʼݓ ؍ؕş˺Лۋɰ.
܁ġۆ֢͒ŔقʂॠيXRDқԵں֬֨ॢĀęѓ
ٍԵ, ՙŚ, Եٖ, Ǭ(lead)ق३ɾʼəধۼԸ˞ۋě
ʼؽɰ(Fig. 4). ܁ġۆ֢͒ŔقԴԵٖۆধۼԸۋě
ʼəڙۍڹ֨Śę܁قԴԵٖۋڵ३ʼݓЇ॰ڼں
ۆйॢɰ. Śڹ॥ŚԵٖϕۆডߏԵ, ڮҼߏԵقսъ ʼşʪॠݓχԵٖ՚قɳʫڷͿսъʼşʪॢɰ(ڮ ҋߏˣ, 2010). ۋͿۍॠيԵٖق॥ڮʼرەʏŚۋ
֢͒ŔͿ՜֬ʼČەəìڷͿࣺɳʽɰ. ۋìڹڵ܃
ۆԸ࢘ۋǣڵ܃ߐÀ͟ۆҙܔ, ڵ܃Œۋϑݓ؍ؕ
ş˺Лێսʪەɰ. ێъۺڷͿ֨ŚѪقԴőԓّġ Нںڵ३֨ࢅşڦॠيՙɰধǣңԐۋٽقɰتॢ
ܛΪۆڵ܃εߐÀॢɰ(Potts, 1987; Bugbee, 1949). ֢
͒ŔقԴǬق३ɾʼəধۼԸۋǣࢍǦڙۍڹԓজǬ ۋǬڷͿঞڙʼϸԴǬ߸ͿࠞۻʼݓЇ॰ş˺Лۋ ɰ. Ǭڹ25قԴнʪÀ10.7 g/cm3ۋݓχ1200ۆ
ȭڹ ٣ʪقԴə 9.5 g/cm3ڷͿ Çՙʽɰ(McIntosh et al., 2006). ǬۋڌڵʼرнʪÀÇՙʼϸ۾ՁۋÌॢ
ڌڵߕͿۍॠيǬ߸ͿǬۋࠞۻॠݓЇॣսʪەɰ.
ۋəڌڵʽǬۋŚںपݚॠيǬ߸Ϳࠞۻ֨ࢅݓЇ
॰ڼںۆйॢɰ. ۋͿۍॠيŚۋ֢͒ŔͿ՜֬ʾì ڷͿ ԐΒʽɰ. ֨ŚѪقԴ, Ǭ(Ҽܼ=11.36)ۆ ًॣڹ
Ҽܼۋ19.3ۍŚںपݚॠيǬ߸Ϳࠞۻ֨ࢅəìۋɰ (Potts, 1987).
֢͒ŔۆशϸՁ
֨ŚѪڷͿҙࢢԦՁʽ֢͒ŔقѓٍԵ, Եٖ, ՙŚ, ǬˣۆXRD ধۼԸۋěʼؽɰ. XRDқԵۆêॢ
ćə5wt.% ۋԜۍʚ(Guerra and Dreisinger, 1999), ֢
͒Ŕقۋ˞ġНۋप॥ʼرەںìڷͿٚԜʼرٍ
υठں܃ۚॠي֢͒ŔۆशϸںठġইйąġęSEM ěॠٕɰ. ठġъԐইйąقԴۋ˞ġНقʂॢ̤
ॢεěॣսػؽɰ. Fig. 5aəѓٍԵęՙŚ
ˣۆধۼԸۋěʼؽʏ֢͒Ŕ(Fig. 3, SMC-15) श ϸۋɰ. SEMقԴѓٍԵۋǣՙŚڷͿࣺɳʼəĀ܁
əঝۍॣսػؽɰ. Ŕ͠ǣEDSқԵ(Table 2)ق ԴNa, Al, Si, S, Cl, Fe ˣۋêʼəìڷͿ҃؉ՙ Śۋप॥ʼرەڼںݓ֨३ܵɰ. Fig. 5bəԵٖ, ѓٍ
Ե, ՙŚ, ǬۆধۼԸۋěʽ܁ġۆ֢͒Ŕ(SMC-29) ۋɰ. ً֨SEMقԴۋ˞ġНق३ɾʼəəě
ॣսػؽڷǣEDSқԵ(Table 2)قԴC, Na, Si, S, Cl, Fe ˣۋêʼؽɰ. ۋ˞ڙՙܼNaٮCl ŔνČCÀ
êʼəڙۍڹڌڵߕۆҼԓںѓݓॠşڦ३ߐÀॢ
ՙŚ, ঞڙ܃ͿߐÀॢнÀΘقۆॢٖॳڷͿԦÁʽ ɰ. ѓٍԵę Ǭق ʂॢ XRD ধۼԸڹ ěʼؽݓχ
EDSқԵقԴPbÀêʼݓ؍ؕɰ. ۋəXRDۆê
ॢćÀ أ 5wt%ۋş ˺ЛڷͿ ԐΒʽɰ(Guerra and Dreisinger, 1999). ۋ˞֢͒ŔقʂॢAAS қԵقԴ
Č Ȭʪۆ PbÀ ࠑ܁ʼؽɰ(Table 5).
ؒԵф܁ġقʂॢ֨ŚѪĀę
ؒԵф܁ġقʂॠي4Àݓڵ܃ঔ०ڷͿ֨ŚѪں
սॱॠيŚ॥͟ںĀ܁ॠٕɰ(Table 3). ۋ֨Śę܁
Table 3. The contents of gold for rock, concentrate and slag by lead-fire assay analysis (7 repeats) (unite; g/ton) classification of sample mixture of fusion flux
(slag name) mean Std. D. slag
(mean)a Std. D.
rock
mixture 1 (SMC-1) 10.86 0.33 0.09 0.06
mixture 2 (SMC-8) 10.86 0.29 0.06 0.02
mixture 3 (SMC-15) 10.72 0.21 0.05 0.01
mixture 4 (SMC-22) 10.86 0.77 0.04 0.02
concentrate
mixture 1 (SMC-29) 148.29 2.37 0.06 0.02
mixture 2 (SMC-36) 149.37 1.90 0.05 0.01
mixture 3 (SMC-43) 149.04 0.64 0.04 0.001
mixture 4 (SMC-50) 149.51 0.70 0.04 0.01
St. D.; standard deviation, a; recuperated on a slag from the rock and the concentrate
Table 4. The chemical composition of rocks and concentrates by AAS analysis (7 repeats) units (Au and Ag; g/ton, Pb ~ Fe; mg/kg)
Au (St. D.)
Ag (St. D.)
Pb (St. D.)
Fe (St. D.) rock 26.34
(1.28)
42.03 (1.26)
528.43 (0.34)
43.20 (0.06) concentrate 143.44
(3.18)
103.51 (1.12)
523.51 (1.79)
599.61 (1.47) St. D.; standard deviation
قԴԦՁʽ֢͒Ŕεࠄॠيʴێॢڵ܃ঔ०ڷͿɰ
֨֨ŚѪںսॱॠيŚ॥͟ںĀ܁ॠٕɰ(Table 3ق Դ slag).
ؒԵقʂॠي, ֨ŚѪںսॱॢĀęŚथŒ10.86 g/
tonںصؽɰ. Ŕ͠ǣ֢͒Ŕεɰ֨֨ŚѪںսॱॢą ڍ, ԓজǬ(35 g)ęՙɰধ(55 g)εঔ०(ۋॠş҆ڵ܃
ঔ०)ॢ֢͒Ŕ, ş҆ڵ܃ঔ०قԓজǬ(5 g)ں߸Àॢ
֢͒Ŕ, ş҆ڵ܃ঔ०قңԐ(10 g)ں߸Àॢ֢͒ŔŔ νČş҆ڵ܃ঔ०قԓজǬ(5 g)ęңԐ(10 g)εঔ०
ॢ֢͒ŔقԴŚथŒ॥͟ۋÁÁ0.09 g/ton, 0.06 g/
ton, 0.05 g/ton, 0.04 g/tonͿǣࢍǮɰ. ş҆ڵ܃ঔ० ڷͿ֨ŚѪںսॱॠəąڍÀۤψڹŚۋ֢͒ŔͿ
՜֬ʼؽČ, ş҆ڵ܃ঔ०قԓজǬęңԐεʌ߸Àॢ
֢͒ŔقԴÀۤۺڹŚ՜֬ۋێرǮɰ. ۋٮÏڹĀ ęəŚۋʌমęۺڷͿǬقपݚʼرǬ߸Ϳࠞۻʼ şڦ३ԴəʌψڹԓজǬۋज़څॠɰəìںۆйॢ
ɰ. ŔνČңԐεʌ߸Àॠي֨ŚѪںսॱॠϸőԓ
ّġНۋʌমęۺڷͿڵ३ʼرŚ՜֬ںܶێսە ڼں ݓ֨३ܵɰ.
܁ġۆąڍ, ş҆ڵ܃ঔ०ڷͿ֨ŚѪںսॱॢąڍ, Ś थŒ ॥͟ۋ 148.29 g/tonۋؽݓχ şܕڵ܃ঔ०ق
ɳݓԓজǬ5 gں߸Àॠۙ, ŚथŒ॥͟ۋ149.37 g/
tonͿݒÀॠٕɰ. , थŒ1.08 g/tonۆŚںʌধսॢ
ìۋɰ. ܁ġۆ֢͒Ŕεɰ֨֨ŚѪںսॱ॰ں˺, ş
҆ڵ܃ঔ०قԴŚथŒڹ0.067 g/tonںصؽݓχş҆
ڵ܃ঔ०ق5 gۆԓজǬں߸Àॢ֢͒ŔقԴəgold थŒ0.050 g/tonںصؽɰ. ԓজǬ5 gں߸Àॠϸ
֢͒ŔقԴʪŚ՜֬ںܶێսەڼںঝۍॠٕɰ. ş
҆ڵ܃ঔ०قңԐε߸Àॢąڍ, ş҆ڵ܃ঔ०قԓজ Ǭę ңԐε ʌ ߸Àॢ ąڍ, Ś थŒ ॥͟ۋ ÁÁ
149.03 g/tonę149.51 g/tonںصؽɰ. ԓজǬںʌ߸
À॰ں˺149.37 g/tonۆŚںধսॢąڍŔνČң Ԑεʌ߸Àॠي149.04 g/tonۆŚںধսॢąڍ, Ś
ধսقەرԴࢀমęÀǣࢍǣݓ؍ؕɰ. Śধսڱۋ
Àۤࡾóǣࢍǣəąڍəş҆ڵ܃ঔ०قԓজǬęң Ԑεʌ߸Àॢąڍ(149.51 g/ton)ۋɰ. Ŕ͠ǣŚধս ڱق ەرԴ ࢀ ٖॳڹ ǣࢍǣݓ ؍ؕɰ.
֢͒ŔقʂॢজॡқԵĀę
֢͒ŔͿ՜֬ʼəŚ ॥͟ęڙۍںőϼॠş ڦॠ ي, ؒԵф܁ġقʂॠيAu, Ag, Pb, Fe ˣۆ॥͟ں
ÁÁজॡқԵॠٕɰ(Table 4). ŔνČۋ˞ؒԵę܁
ġقʂॠيÁÁ֨ŚѪںսॱॠٕČ(Table 3), ۋ˺
ԦՁʽ֢͒ŔεজॡқԵॠٕɰ(Table 5). ؒԵق॥
ڮʽŚ॥͟ڹथŒ26.34 g/ton, ڹڹ42.03 g/tonۋٕ
Č, Pbə 528.43 mg/Kg, Feə 43.20 mg/Kgۋٕɰ.
ş҆ڵ܃ঔ०ڷͿ ֨ŚѪں սॱॠي ԦՁʽ ֢͒Ŕ (SMC-1), ş҆ڵ܃ঔ०قԓজǬ(5 g)ں߸Àॢ֢͒Ŕ (SMC-8), ş҆ڵ܃ঔ०قңԐ(10 g)ε߸Àॢ֢͒Ŕ (SMC-15), ŔνČş҆ڵ܃ঔ०قԓজǬ(5 g)ęңԐ (10 g)ε߸Àॢ֢͒ŔقԴŚथŒ॥͟ۋÁÁ4.98 g/
Table 5. The chemical composition of slag from rocks and concentrates by AAS analysis(7 repeats) units (Au and Ag;
g/ton, Pb ~ Fe; mg/kg) classification of
sample
mixture of fusion flux (slag name)
Au (St. D.)
gold losing(%)
Ag (St. D.)
Pb (St. D.)
Fe (St. D.)
rock
mixture 1 (SMC-1)
4.98
(0.87) 18.93 0.00
(0.00)
2324.98 (252.64)
576.44 (8.67) mixture 2
(SMC-8)
5.46
(0.29) 20.74 1.23
(2.41)
2578.78 (340.54)
574.05 (6.87) mixture 3
(SMC-15)
5.21
(0.63) 19.81 0.00
(0.00)
2376.37 (255.37)
571.46 (6.13) mixture 4
(SMC-22)
5.26
(0.51) 19.96 0.00
(0.00)
2367.23 (374.61)
570.22 (5.65)
concentrate
mixture 1 (SMC-29)
25.33
(0.70) 17.65 0.00
(0.00)
533.07 (5.76)
1551.64 (56.71) mixture 2
(SMC-36)
25.96
(0.65) 18.09 0.00
(0.00)
526.32 (3.53)
1385.06 (220.71) mixture 3
(SMC-43)
10.05
(0.15) 7.01 0.00
(0.00)
2618.03 (118.06)
534.54 (25.72) mixture 4
(SMC-50)
10.73
(2.35) 7.48 0.00
(0.00)
2750.16 (85.22)
511.15 (13.88) St. D.: standard deviation
ton, 5.46 g/ton, 5.21 g/ton, 5.26 g/tonͿࠑ܁ʼؽɰ.
ş҆ڵ܃ঔ०قTable 1ęÏۋڵ܃εʌ߸Àॠي֨
ŚѪں սॱॠٕں ąڍ, Ś ՜֬ڱۋ ÁÁ 18.93%, 20.74%, 19.81%, 19.96%ͿǣࢍǮɰ. ۋəş҆ڵ܃ঔ ०قԓজǬںʌ߸À३ʪŚۋমęۺڷͿǬقपݚ ʼݓ؍ؕڼں, ңԐεʌ߸À३ʪőԓّġНقप॥ʽ
ŚۋʌমęۺڷͿ ڵ३-қνʼݓ Ї॰ڼں ۆйॢɰ.
܁ġق ॥ڮʽ Ś ॥͟ڹ थŒ 143.57 g/ton, ڹڹ
103.51 g/ton, Pbə 523.51 mg/Kg, Feə 1551.65 mg /KgڷͿǣࢍǮɰ. ş҆ڵ܃ঔ०قTable 1ęÏۋڵ܃
εʌ߸Àॠي֨ŚѪںսॱॢĀęŚ՜֬ڱۋÁÁ
17.66%, 18.09%, 7.0%, 7.48%ͿǣࢍǮɰ. ş҆ڵ܃ঔ ०ڷͿ֨ŚѪںսॱॠيԦՁʽ֢͒Ŕ(SMC-29)قԴ
Ś՜֬ڱڹ1.766%(थŒ॥͟= 25.33 g/ton), ş҆ڵ܃
ঔ०ق ԓজǬ(5 g)ں ߸Àॢ ֢͒Ŕ(SMC-36)قԴ Ś
՜֬ڱڹ18.09%(ŚथŒ॥͟= 25.96 g/ton)ۋٕɰ. ԓ জǬ5 gεʌ߸À३ʪŚ՜֬ڱڹÇՙॠݓ؍ؕɰ.
Ŕ͠ǣ ş҆ڵ܃ঔ०ق ңԐ(10 g)ε ߸Àॢ ֢͒Ŕ (SMC-43), ŔνČş҆ڵ܃ঔ०قԓজǬ(5 g)ęңԐ (10 g)ε ߸Àॢ ֢͒Ŕ(SMC-50)قԴ Ś ՜֬ڱڹ
7.0%ٮ7.48%ͿǣࢍǮɰ. ş҆ڵ܃ঔ०قңԐε߸
Àॢ ąڍ(SMC-43)ə ԓজǬں ߸Àॢ ąڍ(SMC-36)
҃ɰŚ՜֬͟ۋ11% ʌÇՙॠٕɰ. ŔνČş҆ڵ܃
ঔ०قԓজǬęңԐεÁÁʌ߸Àॢąڍ(SMC-50) Àɳտ০ԓজǬχ߸Àॢąڍ(SMC-36)҃ɰŚ՜֬
͟ۋ10.61% ʌÇՙॠٕɰ. ˰͆ԴԓজǬ҃ɰңԐ ÀʌŚ՜֬ںܶۋəʚমęÀەəìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ.
Č
֨ŚѪۋŚںমęۺڷͿқν-Ȭ߹ॣսەəۤ۾
˺ЛقইۦقʪটڌʼČەݓχي͠ÀݓڅۍڷͿ
Ś՜֬ۋьԦʼČەɰ. ؒԵę܁ġۆŚ॥͟قەر Դ֨ŚѪęAASқԵԐۋقۋÀǣࢍǣČەɰ. ؒ ԵقԴŚ॥͟ڹ֨ŚѪ҃ɰAASқԵقԴȭóࠑ܁
ʼؽČ, ܁ġقԴŚ॥͟ڹAAS҃ɰ֨ŚѪقԴȭó
ࠑ܁ʼؽɰ. ۋٮÏڹठÀьԦॠəڙۍڹٶսͿ
ؒԵę܁ġںқ३॰ş˺ЛڷͿԐΒʽɰ. ێъۺڷͿ
ٶսͿডজġНںқ३ॠəąڍۛΪНۋԦՁʼəą ॳۋەɰ. ŔνČডজġНڹνࣟϭࢍ҃ͪۋ࣡(lithium metaborate)ǣνࣟࢬ࣡͆҃ͪۋ࣡(lithium tetrborate)ٮ
Ïڹڵ܃Ϳ1200قԴڵ३(fusion)३ʪۛΪНۋԦ Ձʽɰ(Potts, 1987).
ؒԵę܁ġق॥ڮʽŚںমęۺڷͿধսॠşڦॠ ي4Àݓڵ܃ঔ०ڷͿ֨ŚѪںսॱॢĀęؒԵۆ֢
͒ŔقԴथŒŚ՜֬ڱڹ19.86%ٕČ܁ġۆ֢͒Ŕ
قԴəथŒ12.55%ͿǣࢍǮɰ. ܁ġ҃ɰؒԵقԴŚ
՜֬ڱۋȭóǣࢍǮɰ. ۋəؒԵق॥ڮʽŚڹڵ܃
ঔ०ںѺজ֨ࡈ֨ŚѪںսॱ३ʪŚںমęۺڷͿқ ν-Ȭ߹ॠşرͲړںۆйॢɰ. Ŕ͠ǣ܁ġقԴңԐ ε߸À॰ںąڍŚ՜֬ڱۋই۹ॠóÇՙॠٕɰ. ۋ əңԐÀ܁ġۆডজġНںমęۺڷͿڵ३॰ڼںݓ
֨३ܵɰ. ˰͆ԴңԐÀؒԵ҃ɰডজġНقԴমę ۺےں ঝۍॠٕɰ.
ؒԵę܁ġۆ֢͒ŔقՙɰধٮՙŚۋ॥ڮʼرە ş˺Лق200 mesh ۋॠͿйқթॣ˺ড়֥ՁۆЛ܃
ÀǣࢍǦɰ. ড়֥ՁڷͿۍॠي؉óۋ࣡Ѓقҙʼ رқթÀ۞ۋΘرݓݓ؍əɰ. ̚ॢۋ˞֨Βεٶս Ϳқ३ॣ˺, ؒԵۆ֢͒ŔəٶսսϸڦͿҙڮʼر
মęۺڷͿқ३ÀۋΘرݓݓ؍əɰ. ŔνČ܁ġۆ֢
͒Ŕəٶսқ३ێъۺڷͿۛڮНۋǫəɰ. ˰͆
Դ ড়֥ՁęۛڮНͿ ۍॢ ٖॳں ČͲ३آॣ ìۋɰ.
Ā
Ǭ-֨ŚѪقԴ֢͒ŔͿ՜֬ʼəŚ॥͟ںܓԐॠي
՜֬ڙۍںőϼॠČۙॠٕɰ. ؒԵę܁ġقʂॠي4 Àݓڵ܃ঔ०ڷͿ֨ŚѪںսॱॠٕČŔ֢͒Ŕقʂ ॠيXRDқԵںսॱॢĀęѓٍԵ, ՙŚ, ǬфԵٖ
ۋěʼؽɰ. XRDқԵĀęͿҙࢢ, ֨Śę܁قԴԵ
ٖۋমęۺڷͿқ३ʼݓЇॠٕČŔνČǬۋমęۺ ڷͿࠞۻʼݓЇ॰ڼںঝۍॠٕɰ. 4Àݓڵ܃ঔ०ڷ Ϳ֨ŚѪںսॱॢĀęؒԵۆ֢͒ŔقԴŚ՜֬ۋ
थŒ19.86%ٕČ܁ġۆ֢͒ŔقԴəथŒ12.55%Ϳ
ǣࢍǮɰ. Ś՜֬ۆڙۍڹ֨Śę܁قԴԵٖۋমę ۺڷͿڵ३ʼݓЇ॰ş˺ЛقŔνČǬۋমęۺڷͿ
ࠞۻʼݓЇ॰ş˺ЛقێرǣəìڷͿԐΒʽɰ. ֨ ŚѪقԴңԐÀŚ՜֬ںܶۋəʚؒԵ҃ɰ܁ġقԴ
ʌমęۺےںঝۍॠٕɰ.
ԐԐ
҆ ȦЛڹ ݓ֩ą܃ҙ ۙڙÒь ՁজʂॡԐغڷͿ
ݓڙʼؽ֥ɦɰ.
ČЛॶ
ଲવ, ઑլ็, ୢֽࣦ, ࢽ, ճঃࡦ, ছ୨ࠔ, 2009, “ୢْ
ැْଭ০ׁֈॺલॺౢۀଦฎாඑฏܤ
କࠤඑକࢄ,” জฎ, ୪18֫ 4, pp. 337-348.
କࣲశ, ଲ୍, ճঃࡦ, କࣦ, 2010, “ॿনׁ-ଠֈॺଭ
নฅլ: ֈজֈࢄ, କ఼එକࢄࢫੲ୨ܛী֜,”
ୀฅլா, ୪43֫ 5, pp. 443-453.
Allan, G.C. and Woodcock, J.T., 2001, “A review of the flotation of native gold and electrum,” Minerals Engin- eering, Vol. 14, pp. 931-962.
Baker, W.E., 1985, “Gold analysis,” URI, Vol. 49, pp. 1-6.
Balcerzak, M., 2002, “Sample digestion methods for the determination of traces of precious metals by spectro- metric techniques,” Analytical Sciences, Vol. 18, pp.
737-750.
Barefoot, R.R. and van Loon, J.C., 1999, “Recent advances in the determination of the platinum group elements and gold,” Talanta, Vol. 49, pp. 1-14.
Bedard, L.P. and Barnes, S.J., 2004, “Improved platinum- group element extraction by NiS fire assay from chromitite ore samples using a flux containing sodium metaphosphate”, Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, Vol. 28, pp.
311-316.
Bugbee, E.E., 1949, “A textbook fire assaying”, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., p. 314.
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ইۦ ܓԸʂॡİ ėęʂॡ قȃݓۙڙėॡę чԐę܁
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2012țܓԸʂॡİقȃݓۙڙėॡę
ėॡԐ
ইۦ ܓԸʂॡİ قȃݓۙڙėॡę ԵԐę܁
(E-mail; [email protected])
নָવ
1996țҙąʂॡİڿڌݓݗॡęۋॡԐ 1998țҙąʂॡİڿڌݓݗॡęۋॡ
ԵԐ
2002țҙąʂॡİڿڌݓݗॡęۋॡ чԐ
ইۦ ʴҙæԺ(ܳ) ۙڙԐغҙ ۤ
(E-mail; [email protected])
ࢮవઽ
1980ț ܓԸʂॡİ ۙڙėॡę ėॡԐ 1982țܓԸʂॡİۙڙėॡęėॡԵԐ 1993țۻǫʂॡİۙڙėॡęėॡчԐ
ইۦ ܓԸʂॡİ قȃݓۙڙėॡę İս (E-mail; [email protected])
Գ็
2009ț ܓԸʂॡİ قȃݓۙڙėॡę
ėॡԐ
2011țܓԸʂॡİقȃݓۙڙėॡę
ėॡԵԐ
ইۦ ܓԸʂॡİ قȃݓۙڙėॡę чԐę܁
(E-mail; [email protected])
۩૽
ইۦ ܓԸʂॡİ قȃݓۙڙėॡę ԵԐę܁
(欧G 彳櫾躇G 缧49嘳G 缧4埲G 垾畢)
ౖฅ
2012țܓԸʂॡİقȃݓۙڙėॡę
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ইۦ ܓԸʂॡİ قȃݓۙڙėॡę ԵԐę܁
(E-mail; [email protected])
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ইۦ ۻǫʂॡİ ėغşցٍĵՙ ٍĵİս (欧G 彳櫾躇G 缧49嘳G 缧4埲G 垾畢)
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