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Maturity and Spawning of Lycodes tanakae in the Coastal Waters of the Middle East Sea

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Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(3),255-263,2014

한수지 47(3), 255-263, 2014

Original Article

255

Copyright © 2014 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815

서 론

벌레문치

(Lycodes tanakae)

농어목

(Percifomes)

등가시치

(Zoarcidae)

속하는어종으로우리나라에

6

7

,

세계적 으로

46

220

종이분포하는것으로알려져있다

(Kim et al., 2005).

벌레문치의분포는우리나라동해중부이북

,

일본 북부

,

오호츠크해에분포하며수심

200-700 m

넓은범위에 서식하는반저서성어종이고

(Choi et al., 2002),

자치어시기는 비교적낮은수심에서서식하다가성장하면서점차깊은수심

으로이동하여해저에잠입하는특성을가지고있다

(Balanov

et al., 2006; Saveliev et al., 2011).

또한몸은길고후반부는 편으로머리는약간종편이고

,

머리와배에는비늘이없으며

,

장이

1 m

까지성장하는것으로알려져있다

(Kim et al., 2005).

벌레문치연구는일본남서해에서트롤에의해어획된등가 시치류의서식밀도와 체장분포에관한연구

(Balanove et al.,

2011),

일본

Primor’e

해역에서벌레문치의분포생물의 특성에관한연구

(Saveliev et al., 2011),

일본타타르해엽에 수심에다른서식밀도와체장분포등에관한연구

(Saveliev et al., 2012)

있으며

,

국내는등가시치아목어류의분류학적 재검토에관한연구

(Kim and Kang, 1991),

한국산등가시치아 어류의분류학적연구

(Kim, 2005),

한국동해안벌레문치 육의생화학적구성

(Lee et al., 2012),

벌레문치의식성에관한 연구

(Choi et al., 2013)

되어있을벌레문치에대한생태 학적연구는국내외적으로매우미비한실정이다

.

벌레문치는우리나라동해안에서동해구기선저인망과연안 자망에서연중어획되고있는어종이고

, “

장치

라는방언으로 불리어지면서 과거 어획 폐기되었던 어종이었으나

,

점차 관심도가 높아지면서 상업적가치가증가하고 있다

(NFRDI,

2012).

이는우리나라의연근해어업자원의감소현상에의한

동해 중부연안 벌레문치(Lycodes tanakae)의 성숙과 산란

손명호·윤병선·박정호·최영민·이재봉

1

·이해원

1

·차형기

1

·양재형

1

*

동해수산연구소 자원환경과, 1독도수산연구센터

Maturity and Spawning of Lycodes tanakae in the Coastal Waters of the Middle East Sea

Myong Ho Shon, Byoung Sun Yoon, Jeong-Ho Park, Young Min Choi, Jae Bong Lee

1

, Hae Won Lee

1

, Hyung Kee Cha

1

and Jae Hyeong Yang

1

*

Fisheries Resources and Environment Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Gangneung, 210-861, Korea

1

Dokdo Fisheries Research Center, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Pohang 791-110, Korea

We investigated the reproductive characteristics of Lycodes tanakae in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea to elucidate the species’ population structure. We investigated Lycodes tanakae maturation and spawning based on samples collected by Danish seine and gill nets from January 2012 to December 2013. We analyzed monthly changes in maturity stage, gonadosomatic index (GSI), egg diameter, fecundity, and total length at 50% group maturity. The spawning period was December to February, while fecundity ranged from 1,677 eggs at 57.3 cm (total length;TL) to 6,445 eggs at 75.7 cm. The relationship between TL and fecundity (F) was F

e

= 6E-05TL

3.127

(R

2

= 0.516), and F increased with increasing TL. We estimated the TL at 50% group maturity as 60.4 cm for females and 59.8 cm for males. This study is the first report of Lycodes tanakae reproductive characteristics in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea.

Key words: Lycodes tanakae , Tanaka's eelpout, Maturity, Spawning , East Sea

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/)which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2014.0255 Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(3) 255-263, June 2014

Received 9 April 2014; Revised 28 April 2014; Accepted 30 April 2014

*Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 54. 724. 1020 Fax: +82. 54. 724. 1088

E-mail address: [email protected]

(2)

손명호·윤병선·박정호·최영민·이재봉·이해원·차형기·양재형

256

것으로심해성어종의이용가치는점차높아지고있기때문에

,

특히벌레문치와같은미이용미개발된심해성어종은미래 원으로서활용과자원관리를위해기초적인생태학적정보에 대한많은연구가필요하다

.

따라서연구는동해중부연안에분포하는벌레문치의자원 생태학적정보를얻기위한기초연구로서

,

생식소발달과정 생식소숙도지수의변화

,

포란수

,

성숙체장등을파악하여 생산력과관련된산란생태를밝히고자한다

.

재료 및 방법

연구에서사용한벌레문치시료는

2012

1

월부터

2013

12

월까지동해중부연안의

100-800 m

수심에서동해구기 선저인망연안자망어업에의해어획된것이다

(Fig. 1).

채집 시료는실험실에서

·

구분하여전장

(TL)

0.1 cm

,

체중

(BW)

0.1 g

까지

,

그리고생식소중량

(GW)

0.01 g

까지측정하였다

.

벌레문치의생식소발달과정을알아보기위하여생식소의 부형태를조사하고

,

생식소크기

,

색조

,

난의투명상태

,

난립의 크기등을기준하여생식소성숙단계를육안으로관찰하였으

,

성숙단계는 미숙

(Immature),

중숙

(Maturing),

완숙

(Mar- ture),

방후

(Spent)

4

단계로구분하였다

.

생식소숙도지수

(GSI)

변화는다음식으로구하였으며

,

GSI =

GW ×103 BW

여기서

, GW

생식소중량

(g)

,

그리고

BW

체중

(g)

타낸다

.

난경은난소난괴를개량

Gilson

(Love and Westphal,

1981)

넣어분리한

,

해부현미경으로난의장경을측정하

였고

, 1

년의난경변화를보기위해

2012

년과

2013

년의난경측 정결과를월별로합쳐서분석하였다

.

포란수

(F)

완숙단계의개체현미경으로관찰한결과

,

란하지않은것으로판단된개체를선정하여미세한침으로 각의난을완전히분리한해부현미경으로계수하여습중량 법으로구하였다

.

F =

A - B × e C

여기서

, A

난소의중량

, B

난소껍질의중량

, C

난소 부의중량

,

그리고

e

C

수이다

.

군성숙도는산란기로추정되는시기에중숙이상의개체를 해연도 산란가능군으로보고성숙개체의 비율로써 구하였으

, 50%

성숙체장은로지스틱

(logistic)

(Zhang, 1991)

추정하였다

.

P

i

=

1 + e

(b

1

1

-b

2

TL

i

)

여기서

, P

i

i

체장계급에서의군성숙비율

, TL

i

i

체장계급 전장

,

그리고

b

1

, b

2상수이다

.

결 과

연구에사용된벌레문치는

1,587

마리로암컷

776

마리

,

수컷

811

마리였으며

,

이들의 전장범위는 암컷의 경우

19.0- 84.6 cm,

수컷의경우

16.2-93.9 cm

범위였고

,

평균전장은

·

각각

55.5 cm, 56.0 cm

이었다

(Table 1).

벌레문치의생식소성숙단계를육안관찰로외형적으로구분

하여분석한결과

(Fig. 2),

암컷의미숙단계는난의크기가매우

작으며얇은막을형성한연홍색을띠고있었고

,

중숙단계는 크기가육안관찰이용이할정도로성장하였고소혈관이 재되어주황색을띠고있었다

.

완숙단계는난의지름이

3 mm

이상으로크게성장하였으며

,

대부분이투명하고소혈관은 이지않았다

.

방후단계는난막에서완숙의난이빠져나갔고

,

막의크기가줄어들었으며

,

미성숙의작은난들이남아있었다

.

수컷의미숙단계는다홍색을띠며크기가

2 cm

정도로단단 하였다

.

중숙단계는진한붉은색과유백색이함께나타났으며

,

Fig. 1. Sampling area of Lycodes tanakae caught by eastern sea

danish seine and gill net in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea.

128°30´ 129°00´ 129°30´ 130°00´

38°00´N

37°30´N

37°00´N

36°30´N 130°00´E 129°30´E

129°00´E 128°30´E

36°30´

37°00´

37°30´

38°00´

120′ 123′ 126′ 129′ 132′ 135′

120′ 123′ 126′ 129′ 132′ 135′

45′

42′

39′

36′

33′

30′

45′

42′

39′

36′

33′

30′

Egg diameter (mm)

100 0

Jan.N=580

100 0

Feb.N=500

100 0

Mar.N=50

100 0

Apr.N=150

100 0

MayN=850

100 0

Jun.N=530

100 0

Jul.N=350

100 0

Aug.N=550

100 0

Sep.N=300

100 0

Oct.N=350

100 0

Nov.N=350

Dec.N=500 100

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

050 55 60

Fe = 6E-0TL3.127 R2 = 0.516

65 70 75 80 85

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Total length (cm) Fecundity ( × 10

3

)

0

Female TL50%= 60.4 cm

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Total length (cm)

Group maturity (%)

90 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

0

MaleTL50%= 59.8 cm

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Total length (cm)

Group maturity (%)

90 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Frequency (%)

(3)

벌레문치의 성숙과 산란

257

Table 1. Number and size of Lycodes tanakae caught by eastern sea danish seine and gill net in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea

Female Male

Number Range of total length (mean, cm) Number Range of total length (mean, cm)

2012

Jan. 16 49.1-79.0 (72.1) 7 45.5-75.8 (67.4)

Feb. 46 26.9-74.9 (44.4) 44 29.8-82.8 (47.2)

Mar. 24 19.0-43.0 (24.0) 28 16.2-50.3 (27.6)

Apr. 71 31.2-69.7 (45.6) 50 32.5-65.7 (48.2)

May 35 32.6-73.8 (53.6) 48 34.5-85.9 (53.6)

Jun. 25 39.9-77.3 (56.9) 33 44.5-88.5 (28.6)

Jul. 8 42.8-76.5 (68.1) 4 73.2-85.4 (63.5)

Aug. 47 37.2-79.2 (57.7) 63 41.4-86.0 (79.7)

Sep. 36 40.9-76.8 (55.6) 39 36.8-86.6 (59.3)

Oct. 42 33.4-78.9 (536) 44 32.7-89.8 (56.0)

Nov. 19 49.8-78.3 (66.8) 13 31.8-83.2 (62.9)

Dec. 34 64.6-78.9 (73.0) 13 70.6-88.2 (80.0)

2013

Jan. 48 32.9-82.6 (62.9) 46 31.9-93.9 (58.9)

Feb. 54 38.0-74.3 (57.4) 56 39.3-80.8 (58.3)

Mar. 14 42.0-74.9 (58.2) 26 27.5-91.0 (58.7)

Apr. 50 34.0-68.5 (45.0) 84 34.5-87.0 (46.7)

May 26 45.6-81.9 (61.2) 42 48.5-93.4 (66.7)

Jun. 28 36.7-80.0 (52.3) 33 38.0-91.5 (59.9)

Jul. 34 38.0-75.8 (49.0) 37 33.9-92.6 (51.4)

Aug. 33 34.7-77.6 (55.8) 33 37.2-87.4 (55.0)

Sep. 34 35.9-76.2 (52.9) 24 35.5-91.1 (61.1)

Oct. 14 52.8-84.6 (72.3) 19 58.4-89.0 (74.6)

Nov. 8 58.3-77.2 (71.6) 10 51.4-90.4 (72.4)

Dec. 30 61.1-79.9 (73.0) 15 59.2-92.0 (72.5)

Total 776 19.0-84.6 (55.5) 811 16.2-93.9 (56.0)

1Parenthesis indicate average values.

Fig. 2. Phtomicrographs of the gonad of Lycodes tanakae caught by eastern sea danish seine and gill net in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea. A, Immature stage; B, Maturing stage; C, Mature stage; D, Spent stage.

Frequency (%)

Female

Female

Male

A B

C D

A B

C D

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

0 20 40 60 80 100

Month

2012 2013

Immature Maturing Mature Spent

Frequency (%)

Male

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

2012 0

20 40 60 80 100

2013

Month

Immature Maturing Mature Spent

Gonadosomatic index (GSI) Gonadosomatic index (GSI)

Female

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Month

2012 2013

Month

2012 2013

Male

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 45 40

(4)

손명호·윤병선·박정호·최영민·이재봉·이해원·차형기·양재형

258

크기는

5 cm

정도로성장하였다

.

완숙단계는유백색을띠며

10 cm

이상으로크게성장하였고젤리형태로나타났다

.

방정

후의단계는유백색에서다홍색의비율이높아졌고

,

완숙상태 비해크기가줄어들었다

.

Fig. 3. Monthly changes of maturity stages of Lycodes tanakae caught by eastern sea danish seine and gill net in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea.

Frequency (%)

Female

Female

Male

A B

C D

A B

C D

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

0 20 40 60 80 100

Month

2012 2013

Immature Maturing Mature Spent

Frequency (%)

Male

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

2012 0

20 40 60 80 100

2013

Month

Immature Maturing Mature Spent

Gonadosomatic index (GSI) Gonadosomatic index (GSI)

Female

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Month

2012 2013

Month

2012 2013

Male

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 45 40

(5)

벌레문치의 성숙과 산란

259

벌레문치의월별성숙도변화를살펴보면

(Fig. 3),

암컷의 숙단계는

2013

12

월을제외하고연중출현하였고

,

중숙단계

5

월에서

11

월사이높은비율을보였다

.

완숙개체는

8

월부터 출현하여이듬해

2

월까지나타났고

, 1

월과

12

월에가장높은 율을보였다

.

방후단계는

12

월에서이듬해

4

사이에출현하였

.

수컷의경우는미숙단계가

2012

12

월을제외하고연중 출현하였고

,

중숙단계는

2012

4

월부터

2013

11

월까지 현하였다

.

완숙단계는

9

월부터출현하여이듬해

2

월까지나타 났고

, 1

월과

12

월사이에가장높은비율을보였다

.

방후단계는

12

월에서이듬해

3

월사이에출현하였다

.

Fig. 4. Monthly changes of gonadosomatic index (GSI) of Lycodes tanakae caught by eastern sea danish seine and gill net in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea. Solid square indicate mean GSI, and vertical bars indicate standard deiviation of GSI.

Frequency (%)

Female

Female

Male

A B

C D

A B

C D

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

0 20 40 60 80 100

Month

2012 2013

Immature Maturing Mature Spent

Frequency (%)

Male

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

2012 0

20 40 60 80 100

2013

Month

Immature Maturing Mature Spent

Gonadosomatic index (GSI) Gonadosomatic index (GSI)

Female

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Month

2012 2013

Month

2012 2013

Male

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 45 40

(6)

손명호·윤병선·박정호·최영민·이재봉·이해원·차형기·양재형

260

벌레문치 생식소숙도지수

(GSI)

변화를살펴보면

(Fig.

4),

암컷의

GSI

변화는

2012

1

월에

209.7

높은값을보였고

, 2012

2

월에급격히낮아져

4

월까지는

5

이하의낮은값을 타내었다

. 2012

5

월부터점차높아지기시작하여

11

월에는

89.1

크게높아져

12

월에는

219.5

가장높은값을나타내었

.

이후

2013

2

월까지

50

이상의높은값을보였고

, 2013

3

월부터급격히낮아졌으며

7

월까지

50

이하의낮은값을나타 내었다

. 2012

년과유사하게

2013

8

월부터높아지기시작하

12

월에

243.9

가장높은값을나타내었다

.

수컷의

GSI

화는

2012

1

월에

24.7

높은값을보였고

,

이후

2012

11

까지

5

이하의낮은값을유지하였다

. 2012

12

월에급격히 아져

19.6

으로최고값을나타내었고

, 2013

3

월까지

6.7-10.8

높은값을보였으며

, 2013

4

이후

GSI

값이

5

이하로 값을나타내었다

. 2013

9

월부터높아지기시작하여

12

19.6

으로가장높은값을나타내었다

.

수컷의

GSI

화는암컷과유사한경향을나타내었다

.

따라서생식소발달과 생식소숙도지수의변화로부터벌레문치의산란기는

12-2

월로추정된다

.

난경의변화를살펴보면

(Fig. 5), 3-11

월까지는미숙단계와 중숙단계로대부분

2

개의모드를나타냈고

,

미숙단계의난경은

1 mm

이하로관찰되었으며

,

점차난이성숙하면서중숙단계의

난경은

2-7 mm

범위까지성장하는경향을보였다

.

벌레문치

산란기로추정되는

12-2

월의완숙단계의난경은

5-9 mm

발달되어산란에참여하는것으로보였고

,

산란방후미숙

단계의난경은

1 mm

이하로관찰되었다

.

벌레문치의산란기에산란경험이없다고판단되는성숙개체

55

마리를대상으로포란수를측정한결과

,

벌레문치의포란수 최소

1,677

(57.3 cm),

최다

6,445

(75.7 cm)

계측되었

,

전장과포란수간의관계식은

F

e

=6E-05TL

3.127

(R

2

=0.516)

나타나전장이증가할수록포란수가증가하는경향을나타내었

(Fig. 6).

재생산에참여하는체장을알아보기위해

11-2

월간채집된

205

마리와수컷

153

마리를대상으로중숙단계이상의개체

당해연도산란에참여하는것으로간주하여체급별

(5 cm)

성숙개체의출현율을조사하였다

(Fig. 7).

암컷은전장

52.5 cm

이하에서 성숙개체가출현하지 않았고

, 57.5 cm

에서

37.5%, 67.5 cm

에서

88.9%, 77.5 cm

이상에서개체가성숙한것으 확인되었다

.

수컷은전장

47.5 cm

이하에서성숙개체가 현하지않았고

, 52.5 cm

에서

12.5%, 67.5 cm

에서

83.3%, 77.5 cm

이상에서개체가성숙한것으로확인되었다

.

벌레문치의 최소성숙체장은암컷

57.3 cm,

수컷

55.6 cm

나타났고

,

체급 성숙개체의출현율을

logistic

식에적용시킨결과

,

벌레문치

50%

성숙체장은암컷

60.4 cm,

수컷

59.8 cm

추정되었다

.

128°30´ 129°00´ 129°30´ 130°00´

38°00´N

37°30´N

37°00´N

36°30´N 130°00´E 129°30´E

129°00´E 128°30´E

36°30´

37°00´

37°30´

38°00´

120′ 123′ 126′ 129′ 132′ 135′

120′ 123′ 126′ 129′ 132′ 135′

45′

42′

39′

36′

33′

30′

45′

42′

39′

36′

33′

30′

Egg diameter (mm)

100 0

Jan.N=580

100 0

Feb.N=500

100 0

Mar.N=50

100 0

Apr.N=150

100 0

MayN=850

100 0

Jun.N=530

100 0

Jul.N=350

100 0

Aug.N=550

100 0

Sep.N=300

100 0

Oct.N=350

100 0

Nov.N=350

Dec.N=500 100

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

050 55 60

Fe = 6E-0TL3.127 R2 = 0.516

65 70 75 80 85

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Total length (cm) Fecundity ( × 10

3

)

0

Female TL50%= 60.4 cm

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Total length (cm)

Group maturity (%)

90 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

0

MaleTL50%= 59.8 cm

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Total length (cm)

Group maturity (%)

90 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Frequency (%)

Fig. 6. Relationship between total length and fecundity of Lycodes tanakae caught by eastern sea danish seine and gill net in the coast- al waters of the middle East Sea.

Fig. 5. Frequency distributions of egg diameter of Lycodes tanakae caught by eastern sea danish seine and gill net in coastal waters of the middle East Sea.

128°30´ 129°00´ 129°30´ 130°00´

38°00´N

37°30´N

37°00´N

36°30´N 130°00´E 129°30´E

129°00´E 128°30´E

36°30´

37°00´

37°30´

38°00´

120′ 123′ 126′ 129′ 132′ 135′

120′ 123′ 126′ 129′ 132′ 135′

45′

42′

39′

36′

33′

30′

45′

42′

39′

36′

33′

30′

Egg diameter (mm)

100 0

Jan.N=580

100 0

Feb.N=500

100 0

Mar.N=50

100 0

Apr.N=150

100 0

MayN=850

100 0

Jun.N=530

100 0

Jul.N=350

100 0

Aug.N=550

100 0

Sep.N=300

100 0

Oct.N=350

100 0

Nov.N=350

Dec.N=500 100

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

050 55 60

Fe = 6E-0TL3.127 R2 = 0.516

65 70 75 80 85

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Total length (cm) Fecundity ( × 10

3

)

0

Female TL50%= 60.4 cm

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Total length (cm)

Group maturity (%)

90 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

0

MaleTL50%= 59.8 cm

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Total length (cm)

Group maturity (%)

90 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Frequency (%)

(7)

벌레문치의 성숙과 산란

261

고 찰

연구에서조사된벌레문치의최대전장은암컷

84.6 cm

,

수컷은

93.9 cm

수컷이암컷보다조금것으로나타

났으나

,

평균전장에서는암컷

55.4 cm

였고

,

수컷은

56.0 cm

나타나벌레문치의

·

수간전장이유사하게나타났다

.

해에서조사된벌레문치에관한연구결과를보면

,

벌레문치는 수심이깊어질수록크기가개체들이서식하고

(Balanov et al., 2011),

수심

50-200 m

에는

30 cm

이하의작은개체가

50-600 m

에서는

30 cm

이상의개체가출현한다고보고하

였다

(Seveliev et al., 2012).

또한

Sohn et al. (2010)

우리나 동해심해생태계의수심별조사결과에서벌레문치는수심

300-700 m

에서출현하였고

, Park et al. (2007)

동해심해트롤 의한연구결과에서벌레문치는

300 m

700 m

에서많은 출현한것으로보고하였다

.

이는연구에서채집된벌레문 치의전장범위가대부분

30 cm

이상이고

,

우리나라동해안에서 조사된선행연구결과들을통해미루어보면수심

200 m

이상에 조업이이루어진것으로판단된다

.

벌레문치의생식소성숙도판별을위하여육안관찰한결과 레문치의생식소의성숙도는육안으로충분히관찰할있을

정도로성숙단계별로생식소크기와색조에서뚜렷한차이를 나타냈다

.

특히산란기가가까워진완숙단계의개체들은암컷 경우난이투명하게변화하는특징을보였고

,

수컷은유백색 나타냈다

.

일반적으로암컷의생식소가완전히성숙되었을

때는난소의무게가체중의

10-25%

차지하는것으로

알려져있다

(Kim and Zhang, 1994).

벌레문치암컷의완숙단 계의생식소중량은평균

699 g

으로체중의

24.7%

나타나 식소가체중에비해것으로생각된다

.

벌레문치의산란시기를파악하기위해생식소발달과정과 식소숙도지수를살펴보았다

.

벌레문치암컷의완숙단계는

9

부터이듬해

2

월까지나타났고

, 1

월과

12

월사이에가장높은 율을나타내었다

.

생식소숙도지수는

12

월에가장높은값을 타내었고

,

이듬해

2

월까지점차낮아졌다

.

벌레문치수컷의 식소발달과정과생식소숙도지수의월별변화는암컷과유사한 경향을나타내었다

.

따라서생식소발달과정생식소숙도지 수의변화로부터벌레문치의산란기는

12-2

월로추정된다

. Dadyanos insignis

산란기는

3-4

월로보고하여

(Gosztonyi, 1977)

벌레문치와산란기에차이를보였고

, Lycodes pacificus

산란기는가을

-

겨울로보고하여

(Levings, 1969)

정확한 기는없지만벌레문치와비슷한시기에산란하는것으 판단된다

.

Aida (1991)

어류의생식주기를수온이나광주기등과

환경적인요인과관련하여춘계산란형

(spring spawner),

하계산란형

(spring to summer spawner),

하계산란형

(summer spawner),

춘추계산란형

(spring to autumn spawner),

추계산란

(autumn spawner)

동계산란형

(winter spawner)

6

가지 유형으로구분하였다

.

연구결과인동해중부연안벌레문치

산란기는

12-2

월이므로동계산란형인것으로추정된다

.

어류의성숙과산란은적합한환경에서비교적동일한주기 이루어지는데

,

산란기에가까워지면서생식소내부구조의 발달또한일정한주기성을나타낸다

.

이러한주기적인생식소 발달은생식현상의직접적인요인이되는어체의내분비물 질의변화에의해조절이되는데이러한변화는수온

,

광주기 같은외적요인에많은영향을받는것으로알려져있다

(De Vlaming, 1972; Nishi, 1979; Shimizu and Hanyu, 1983).

하지 벌레문치와같은심해성어류의내분비물질의변화에영향 미치는외적요인에대한연구가미비한실정으로부분에 대해서는심도있는연구가필요하다

.

어류의산란형태는난경조성을통해나타내는모드의수와 란기동안의산란하는횟수로형태를

5

단계로추측해

(Kim, 1993).

벌레문치의난경조성결과를토대로분석해보

산란시기인

12-2

월에난경모드가미숙단계를제외하면 숙단계의난경조성이

5-9 mm

에서단일모드를나타내어

1

산란하는것으로판단되어단봉

1

산란형인것으로생각된

.

연구결과 벌레문치의 완숙단계 평균난경은

6.9±0.7 mm

나타내어등가시치과

(Zoarcids)

Australycus depres-

Fig. 7. Relationship between total length and group maturity of

Lycodes tanakae caught by eastern sea danish seine and gill net in coastal waters of the middle East Sea.

128°30´ 129°00´ 129°30´ 130°00´

38°00´N

37°30´N

37°00´N

36°30´N 130°00´E 129°30´E

129°00´E 128°30´E

36°30´

37°00´

37°30´

38°00´

120′ 123′ 126′ 129′ 132′ 135′

120′ 123′ 126′ 129′ 132′ 135′

45′

42′

39′

36′

33′

30′

45′

42′

39′

36′

33′

30′

Egg diameter (mm)

100 0

Jan.N=580

100 0

Feb.N=500

100 0

Mar.N=50

100 0

Apr.N=150

100 0

MayN=850

100 0

Jun.N=530

100 0

Jul.N=350

100 0

Aug.N=550

100 0

Sep.N=300

100 0

Oct.N=350

100 0

Nov.N=350

Dec.N=500 100

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

050 55 60

Fe = 6E-0TL3.127 R2 = 0.516

65 70 75 80 85

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Total length (cm) Fecundity ( × 10

3

)

0

Female TL50%= 60.4 cm

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Total length (cm)

Group maturity (%)

90 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

0

MaleTL50%= 59.8 cm

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Total length (cm)

Group maturity (%)

90 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Frequency (%)

(8)

손명호·윤병선·박정호·최영민·이재봉·이해원·차형기·양재형

262

sicep (9.2-9.8 mm)

Pachcara brachycephalum (9.0 mm)

다는난경이작고

(Matallanas et al., 1990; Brodte et al., 2006), Melanostigma pammelas (2.0 mm)

보다는난경이것으로 나타났으며

(Robison and Lancraft 1984), Lycodes palearis (6.0-7.0 mm)

Lycodes cortezianus (6.0 mm)

난경크기 유사하였다

(Slipp and Delacy, 1952; Ferry-Grabam et al., 2007).

벌레문치의포란수는최소

1,677

(57.3 cm),

최다

6,445

(75.7 cm)

계측되었고

,

전장이 증가할수록 포란수가 증가

하는경향을나타내어일반경골어류와유사한경향을보였다

(Kim and Zhang 1994).

또한대부분의등가시치과는포란수가

1,000

이하로작게나타났으나

(Gusztonyi, 1977; Silverberg et al., 1987; Matallanas et al., 1990; Brodte et al., 2006), Zo- arces americanus

포란수는

1,400-4,200

개로보고하여

(Yao

and Crim, 1995)

연구에서조사된벌레문치보다는포란수

적지만종은다른등가시치과어종들에비해벌레문치처 많은포란수를가지는것으로보인다

.

연구결과벌레문치의

50%

성숙체장은암컷

60.4 cm,

59.8 cm

추정되었고

, 77.5 cm

이상이면모두성숙한개체

출현하는것으로나타났다

. Primor’e

해역의벌레문치연구

따르면전장

30 cm

이하개체들을유어

(juvenile)

보고하였

(Saveliev et al., 2011),

이는연구결과에서암컷

52.5 cm

수컷

47.5 cm

이하에서성숙개체가출현하지않는것으로

타나동해중부의벌레문치의미성숙개체크기에포함되는 으로나타났다

.

벌레문치의성숙연령은연구에서성장에대한부분을고려 하지않아성숙연령을추정할없었으나

, Primor’e

해역의 레문치연구결과

(Saveliev et al., 2011)

토대로성숙연령으로 환산한결과

,

·

모두

5-6

세로추정되었다

.

남극해의등가시 치과

Pachycara brachycephalum

성숙연령은

5

,

성숙체장

22-24 cm

보고하였고

(Brodte et al., 2006),

이는소형의 가시치과에속하는어종으로성숙체장은벌레문치와차이가 지만성숙연령에서는유사하였다

.

따라서연구결과로벌레문치의산란생태에관한기초자료 얻을있었으나

,

미래의수산자원의중요성에비해생태학 연구가미진한상태로연구결과를바탕으로연령과성장

,

식성

,

분포특성보다종합적인연구가수행되어야하며

,

동해 중부연안의벌레문치의지속적인생산을위해자원상태를진단 하고자원관리를실시하여야것이다

.

사 사

연구는국립수산과학원

(

독도심해생태계수산자원

, RP-2014-FR-011)

연구지원에의해수행되었습니다

.

문을세심하게검토하여주신심사위원님께감사드립니다

.

References

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ryteuthis magister, and Ocean Sunfish Mola mola, Caught

수치

Table 1. Number and size of Lycodes tanakae caught by eastern sea danish seine and gill net in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea
Fig. 3. Monthly changes of maturity stages of Lycodes tanakae caught by eastern sea danish seine and gill net in the coastal waters of the  middle East Sea.
Fig. 4. Monthly changes of gonadosomatic index (GSI) of Lycodes tanakae caught by eastern sea danish seine and gill net in the coastal  waters of the middle East Sea
Fig. 6. Relationship between total length and fecundity of Lycodes  tanakae caught by eastern sea danish seine and gill net in the  coast-al waters of the middle East Sea.

참조

관련 문서

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