Age and growth of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea

(Arctoscopus japonicus)

(Perciformes) (Trichodontidae)

, ,

J. Kor. Soc. Fish. Tech., 44(4), 312 322, 2008 DOI:10.3796/KSFT.2008.44.4.312

Age and growth of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea

Jae Hyeong Y

, Sung Il L

*, Hyung Kee C

, Sang Chul Y

, Dae Soo C

and Young Yull C

Fisheries Resources Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research Development Institute, Gangneung 210-861, Korea

1

Fisheries Resources Research Division, National Fisheries Research Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Korea

The age and growth of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus were investigated from samples of the eastern sea danish seine and gill net fishery in the East Sea of Korea from February, 2004 to December, 2007. Ages were determined from annuli in otoliths and annuli were formed between December and February once a year.

Also, the main spawning period was estimated to be between December and January, thus rings were considered to be annual marks. For the relationship between fork length and total weight, a multiplicative error structure was assumed because variability in growth increased as a function of the length. The relationship between fork length and total weight were TW 0.0083FL

(R

0.966) for female and TW 0.0079FL

(R

0.969) for male. The variability in growth was constant as a function of age, revealing an additive error structure. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated by a non-linear method were L 31.6cm, K 0.266/year, t

0.835 years for female and L 27.7cm, K 0.273/year, t

0.806 years for male. Growth at age between male and female had a significant difference(P<0.001).

Key words : Arctoscopus japonicus, Sandfish, Age, Growth, Otolith

*

, , (NFRDI, 2004),

(Myoung et al., 2002). 100 200m

(Kim et al., 2005), 2 10m

(NFRDI, 2004; Myoung et al., 2002).

1971 2 5

, 1970

2000 4

. ,

,

,

.

1970

.

.

.

(Mio, 1967), (Okiyama, 1970),

(Tsukamoto et al., 1991), (Shirai et al., 2006),

, (Tomoda et al.,

2006)

. ,

(Choi et al., 1983),

(Myoung et al., 1989), (Baik et al., 1989), (Lee et al., 2006),

(Lee et al., 2006) .

Choi et al.(1983) Lee et al.(2006)

. , Choi et al.(1983) , Lee et al.(2006)

. ,

,

.

2004 2 2007 12

Fig. 1. Map showing the sampling area of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus caught by the eastern sea danish seine and gill net in the East Sea of Korea.

38 00 N

37 00 N

129 00 E 130 00 E

Yangyang

Gangwon-do

Gyeongsangbuk-do Donghae

Uljin

KOREA JAPAN

Sampling area

(Fig. 1). 10cm

EEZ

.

(FL, Fork Length) 0.1cm , (TW, Total Weight)

0.1g ,

. ,

Resin Hardener

(Bueheler, Isomet 2000; Low speed saw) , (R&B, Topmet-

Mepol-1) 0.3 μm Alumina powder

.

, (Zeiss, 2000c)

(iSolution Lite) PC .

(R)

,

(r

) μm (Fig. 2).

(Marginal Index, MI)

(1) .

R rn

MI

__________ (1)

rn rn 1

, R , r

n .

1

(Gonadosomatic Index, GSI) .

GSI

_____

10

(2)

TW

, GW (Gonad Weight, g),

TW (Total Weight, g) .

,

(additive error structure)

(multiplicative error

structure) (3) (4)

(Quinn and Deriso, 1999).

W

αL

ε

(3)

W

αL

(4)

, α β , e

0

σ

.

. α β

(nonlinear least squares) , (linear least

squares) , (5)

.

lnW ln

α βlnL

ε

(5)

Fig. 2. Photograph of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus otolith by cutting dimension(F: focus, D: dorsal, V:

ventral, IF: internal face, EF: external face).

.

von Bertalanffy

(1938) ,

.

(6) (7) .

Lt L (1 e ^{k(t t0)}

)

(6)

)

(7)

, L

t , L

, K , t , t

0

, e

0 σ

.

Walford ,

von Bertalanffy .

(elevation) .

33,671

54.8%, 45.2%

. 2.2

28.2cm , 2.2 23.5cm

. 18.0cm,

15.4cm , 24cm

(Fig. 3).

(Fig. 4).

,

.

,

.

.

(MI) (Fig. 5),

MI 11 12

2 .

12 2 , 1

. 1

, (GSI)

8 GSI

11 , 2

3 (Fig.

6). 11 1 ,

12 1 .

1 ,

(Table 1).

r

0.953mm, r

1.302mm, r

1.487mm, r

1.662mm, r

1.836mm , r

0.903mm, r

1.178mm, r

1.441mm,

r

1.585mm .

(R) (FL) ,

FL 14.86R 2.13(R

0.833) ,

Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea.

30 20 10 0 10 20 30

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Fork length(cm)

Female n 18,453

__x 18.0cm

Malen 15,218

__x 15.4cm

Frequency(%)

FL 13.65R 1.47(R

0.848) (Fig. 7).

(FL) (TW)

Fig. 4. Relationship between otolith radius and ring radius of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea.

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0 2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.8 2.0

1.6 1.8 2.0

Ring radius(mm)

Otolith radius(mm)

Fig. 5. Monthly changes in marginal index of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea.

0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0

Marginal index(MI)

Month Male

Female

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Fig. 6. Monthly changes in gonadosomatic index of the female sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea.

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5

0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Month

Gonadosomatic index(GSI)

,

(Fig. 8).

1cm

Table 1. Mean ring radius on the otolith of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea Sex Estimated

age

No. of samples

Female

0 1 2 3 4 5

75 258 528 228 31

2 Weighted mean

SD

Male

0 1 2 3 4

69 357 449 40

4 Weighted mean

SD

Mean otolith ring radius(mm)

0.622 1.219 1.427 1.564 1.723 1.863

0.966 0.959 0.929 0.924 0.904

1.313 1.282 1.265 1.284

1.485 1.500 1.533

1.661

1.690 1.836 0.953

0.067

1.302 0.084

1.487 0.097

1.662 0.070

1.836 0.013

0.903 0.063

1.178 0.074

1.441 0.084

1.585 0.047 0.596

1.172 1.366 1.538 1.662

0.915 0.897 0.877 0.851

1.172 1.243 1.224

1.441

1.447 1.585

R r1 r2 r3 r4 r5

Fig. 7. Relationship between otolith radius and fork length of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea.

Fig. 8. Relationship between fork length and standard deviation(SD) of total weight of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea.

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Fork length(cm)

Otolith radius(mm) Female

FL=14.86R 2.13(R²=0.833)

Male

FL=13.65R 1.47(R²=0.848)

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

SD of total weight

Fork length(cm) Female

SD(TW)=0.79FL 5.28 (R²=0.826)

Male

SD(TW)=0.54FL 3.08 (R²=0.930)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Fig. 9. Relationship between fork length and total weight of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea.

250 200 150 100 50 0 250 200 150 100 50 0 250 200 150 100 50

00 5 10 15 20 25 30

Fork length(cm) Sex combined

TW=0.0083FL^3.01(R²=0.970)

Female

TW=0.0083FL^3.01(R²=0.966)

Male

TW=0.0079FL^3.04(R²=0.969)

Total weight(g)

(SD) ,

.

TW 0.0083FL

(R

0.966), TW 0.0079FL

(R

0.969) ,

TW 0.0083FL

(R

0.970) (Fig. 9, Table 2).

L

12.0cm L

25.2cm

, L

10.9cm L

20.2cm ,

W

15.6g W

134.5g ,

W

11.6g W

69.5g (Table

3).

(Table 4),

(P 0.001).

.

von Bertalanffy Fig. 10 .

(L ) 31.6cm,

(W ) 263.9g, (K) 0.266/

Table 3. Back-calculated fork length and total weight at the formation of annuli in otolith of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea

Sex Estimated age

No. of samples

Female 0 1 2 3 4 5

75 258 528 228 31

2 Weighted mean

SD

Male 0 1 2 3 4

69 357 449 40

4 Weighted mean

SD

Fork length(cm) Total weight(g)

12.2 12.1 11.7 11.6 11.3

17.4 16.9 16.7 17.0

19.9 20.2 20.7

22.5 23.0 25.2

16.3 15.9 14.3 14.0 13.0

45.6 42.2 40.3 42.4

68.0 70.3 75.4

97.4 103.0 134.0 12.0

0.991 17.2 1.241

20.0 1.438

22.6 1.039

25.2 0.189

15.6 3.721

44.4 9.456

68.4 14.340

97.7 13.326

134.0 2.906

10.9 0.865

14.6 1.015

18.2 1.149

20.2 0.636

11.6 2.686

27.4 6.098

51.7 8.956

69.5 6.425 11.0

10.8 10.5 10.1

14.5 15.5 15.2

18.2 18.3 20.2

12.0 11.3 10.5 9.5

26.9 32.5 30.9

51.6 52.3 69.5

L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 W1 W2 W3 W4 W5

Table 2. Regression statistics for the relationship between fork length and total weight of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea

Statistics

Sex combined Female Male

Sex

ln α SE 95% CI for ln

β SE 95% CI for b

α=exp(ln α) 95% CI for α

n R²

4.7912 0.0209 ( 4.8321, 4.7503)

3.0148 0.0073 (3.0004, 3.0292)

0.0083 (0.0080, 0.0086)

5,236 0.970

4.7951 0.0302 ( 4.8543, 4.7360)

3.0141 0.0104 (2.9938, 3.0344)

0.0083 (0.0078, 0.0088)

2,947 0.966

4.8430 0.0313 ( 4.9044, 4.7816)

3.0365 0.0114 (3.0142, 3.0588)

0.0079 (0.0074, 0.0083)

2,289 0.969

, 0 (t

) 0.835

, (L )

27.7cm, (W ) 178.5g,

(K) 0.273/ , 0

(t

) 0.806 .

von Bertalanffy Fig. 11 .

.

(Zhang, 1991),

(Otolith) .

,

.

12 2 1 ,

. Choi et al.(1983)

1 , Mio(1967) 11 1 1

, Lee et al.(2006)

11 12 , 1

1 2 .

Table 4. Test for the difference of regression coefficients and elevations between the female and male sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea

Test Statistics Values

Regression coefficients

b1

b2

Sb1 b2

t υ t0.05(2),2,037

P

0.109 0.101 0.001 5.538 2,037 1.96

0.001

Elevation

Ac Bc Cc SSc DFc t t0.05(2),2,038

P

619,449 65,637

7,545 590 2,038 4.458 1.96

0.001 b1: Slope of i equation, Sb1 b2: Standard error of the difference between regression coefficients, Ac: Sum of squares of X, Bc: Sum of crossproducts, Cc: Sum of squares of Y, SSc: Residual SS, υ: Degrees of freedom, t: Test statistic value.

Fig. 10. The von Bertalanffy growth curves in fork length and total weight estimated by a non-linear regression method of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea.

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 160

120

80

40

0

Fork length(cm)Total weight(g)

Age(year) Female

L_t=31.6(1 e0.266(t+0.835))

Female

W_t=263.9(1 e0.266(t+0.835))^3.014 Male

L_t=27.7(1 e0.273(t+0.806))

Male

Wt=178.5(1 e0.273(t+0.806))^3.037

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fig. 11. The von Bertalanffy growth curve of sex combined of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea.

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Fork length(cm)

Age(year) Sex combined

Lt=31.1(1 e0.256(t+0.654))

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

(Lee et al., 2000).

,

. β 95%

3.00 3.02 β 3(isometric model) .

, , Lee

et al.(2000) Kim et al.(2006)

.

(L ) 31.6cm, (K)

0.266/ , 0 (t

)

0.835 , (L )

27.7cm, (K) 0.273/ , 0

(t

) 0.806 .

(P 0.001).

(Table 5),

. Choi et al.(1983)

, Mio(1967) 0.6 1.7cm

. Lee et

al.(2006) ,

2cm, 3cm

. Lee et al.(2006)

0 1

,

12 1

9cm 0 4

(2 5cm), 8 (6 8cm), 11 (8 9cm) (Fig. 3),

. Myoung et al.(1989)

, ( 65 85 ) 32

2.4cm(TL), 56 3.0cm(TL) .

Table 5. Comparison of growth parameters of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea

Results Sex

Mio(1967) F

M Choi et al.(1983) Sex combined

Lee et al.(2006) F M

Present study

F

M Sex combined

* Figure in ( ) represents a value calculated by the relationship between FL(Fork Length) and BL(Body Length) of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus estimated from present study(BL=0.88FL+0.13(R²=0.986) for female, BL=0.86FL+0.44(R²=0.951) for male).

Growth parameters

Size Remark

L (cm) K(/year) to(year) 27.4

26.0 BL Otolith

33.5 0.170 0.840 FL Otolith

25.9 21.4

0.298 0.292

0.445

1.209 BL Otolith

31.6 (28.0)

27.7 (24.3)

31.1

0.266

0.273

0.256

0.835

0.806

0.654

FL

(BL) Otolith

.

,

.

Choi

et al.(1983) 33.5cm ,

31.1cm ,

.

0.170/ 0.256/

(Table 5),

.

, Kim(1993) ,

(sex)

. ,

, .

, (sex)

.

. ,

,

. , ,

,

.

.

2004 2 2007 12

. ,

12 2 , 1

.

.

, TW

0.0083FL

(R

0.966), TW 0.0079FL

(R

0.969) .

, von

Bertalanffy L

31.6(1 e

) , L

27.7(1 e

) .

(P 0.001).

( , RP 2008 FR 028)

.

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