M4 Words

The M4 words are Ship, Vessel, Port and Harbour. The following directionality analysis shows what the difference between Delta P word to construction (DPW2C) and Delta P construction to word (DPC2W).

(1) Ship

Table 11 shows the detailed data of DPW2C and DPC2W of Ship, and their relationship can be described in the following figure.

Figure 38ˊThe relationship of DPW2C and DPC2W of Ship

Their relationship is non-linear and has obvious differences. To understand these differences, the following figure shows the dispersion of collexemes of Ship.

Figure 39ˊThe Dispersion of Collexemes of Ship

From the figure above, it is safe to claim:

(1) For DPW2C, the word Industry is the most likely to co-occur with Ship in the collostruction pattern “A/N + N”, namely Ship Industry, where Ship is the given first lexical item to indicate Industry as the noun.

(2) For DPC2W, the words Gazette is the most likely to co-occur with Ship in the collostruction pattern “A/N + N”, namely Ship Gazette, where Gazette is the noun given in the “A/N + N” to indicate Ship as the modifier.

Their further relationships of directionality ranks are described in the following table:

Table 24. The Directionality Ranks of Ship

Numbers Collexemes DPW2C Ranks DPC2W Ranks

1 Industry 1 24

2 Company 2 45

3 Security 3 53

4 Web 4 2

5 Safety 5 135

… … … …

528 Part 528 514

529 Code 529 527

530 Organization 530 531

531 Area 531 532

532 State 532 529

From the table above, it is safe to claim that there are 532 collexemes in collostruction “A/N + N” of Ship. Their DPW2C and DPC2W rank vary significantly, for example: Industry ranks 1 with DPW2C, while ranks 24 with DPC2W; Safety ranks 5 with DPW2C, while ranks 135 with DPC2W. The detailed ranking differences are listed in appendix.

(2) Vessel

Table 12 shows the detailed data of DPW2C and DPC2W of Vessel, and their relationship can be described in the following figure.

Figure 40ˊThe relationship of DPW2C and DPC2W of Vessel

Their relationship is non-linear and has obvious differences. To understand these differences, the following figure shows the dispersion of collexemes of Vessel.

Figure 41ˊThe Dispersion of Collexemes of Vessel

From the figure above, it is safe to claim:

(1) For DPW2C, the word Distress is the most likely to co-occur with Vessel in the collostruction pattern “A/N + N”, namely Vessel Size, where Vessel is the given first lexical item to indicate Size as the noun.

(2) For DPC2W, the words Asphalt is the most likely to co-occur with Vessel in the collostruction pattern “A/N + N”, namely Vessel Asphalt, where Asphalt is the noun given in the “A/N + N” to indicate Vessel as the modifier.

Their further relationships of directionality ranks are described in the following table:

Table 25. The Directionality Ranks of Vessel

Numbers Collexemes DPW2C Ranks DPC2W Ranks

1 Size 1 3

2 Traffic 2 38

3 Safety 3 106

4 Personnel 4 32

5 Type 5 51

… … … …

329 Requirement 329 331

330 Oil 330 318

331 Regulation 331 333

332 System 332 323

333 Ship 333 332

From the table above, it is safe to claim that there are 333 collexemes in collostruction “A/N + N” of Vessel. Their DPW2C and DPC2W rank vary significantly, for example: Size ranks 1 with DPW2C, while ranks 3 with DPC2W;

Safety ranks 3 with DPW2C, while ranks 106 with DPC2W. The detailed ranking differences are listed in appendix.

(3) Port

Table 13 shows the detailed data of DPW2C and DPC2W of Port, and their relationship can be described in the following figure.

Figure 4. 2 The relationship of DPW2C and DPC2W of Port

Their relationship is non-linear and has obvious differences. To understand these differences, the following figure shows the dispersion of collexemes of Port.

Figure 42ˊThe Dispersion of Collexemes of Port

From the figure above, it is safe to claim:

(1) For DPW2C, the word Facility is the most likely to co-occur with Port in the collostruction pattern “A/N + N”, namely Port Facility, where Port is the given first lexical item to indicate Facility as the noun.

(2) For DPC2W, the words Bari, Cartier, Expulsion, Fujairah, Marsden and Megacity are the most likely to co-occur with Port in the collostruction pattern “A/N + N”, namely Port Bari, Port Cartier, Port Expulsion, Port Fujairah, Port Marsden and Port Megacity, where Bari, Cartier, Expulsion, Fujairah, Marsden and Megacity are the nouns given in the “A/N + N” to indicate Port as the modifier.

Their further relationships of directionality ranks are described in the following table:

Table 26. The Directionality Ranks of Port

Numbers Collexemes DPW2C Ranks DPC2W Ranks

1 Facility 1 35

2 State 2 96

3 Authority 3 34

4 Industry 4 93

5 Service 5 128

… … … …

314 Oil 314 315

315 System 315 309

316 IMO 316 317

317 Safety 317 318

318 Vessel 318 316

From the table above, it is safe to claim that there are 318 collexemes in collostruction “A/N + N” of Port. Their DPW2C and DPC2W rank vary significantly, for example: Facility ranks 1 with DPW2C, while ranks 35 with DPC2W; State ranks 2 with DPW2C, while ranks 96 with DPC2W. The detailed ranking differences are listed in appendix.

(4) Harbour

Table 14 shows the detailed data of DPW2C and DPC2W of Harbour, and their relationship can be described in the following figure.

Figure 43ˊThe relationship of DPW2C and DPC2W of Harbour

Their relationship is non-linear and has obvious differences. To understand these differences, the following figure shows the dispersion of collexemes of Harbour.

Figure 44ˊThe Dispersion of Collexemes of Harbour

From the figure above, it is safe to claim:

(1) For DPW2C, the word Conservancy is the most likely to co-occur with Harbour in the collostruction pattern “A/N + N”, namely Harbour Conservancy, where Harbour is the given first lexical item to indicate Conservancy as the noun.

(2) For DPC2W, the words Maumee is the most likely to co-occur with Harbour in the collostruction pattern “A/N + N”, namely Harbour Maumee is the noun given in the “A/N + N” to indicate Harbour as the modifier.

Their further relationships of directionality ranks are described in the following table:

Table 27. The Directionality Ranks of Harbour

Numbers Collexemes DPW2C Ranks DPC2W Ranks

1 Conservancy 1 2

2 Master 2 19

3 Authority 3 15

4 Maintenance 4 14

5 River 5 12

… … … …

52 Fire 52 51

53 Security 53 52

54 Operation 54 54

55 Sea 55 55

56 Vessel 56 56

From the table above, it is safe to claim that there are 56 collexemes in collostruction “A/N + N” of Harbour. Their DPW2C and DPC2W rank vary significantly, for example: Conservancy ranks 1 with DPW2C, while ranks 2 with DPC2W; Master ranks 2 with DPW2C, while ranks 19 with DPC2W. The detailed ranking differences are listed in appendix.