M4 Words

The M4 words are Ship, Vessel, Port and Harbour. The following collostructional analysis shows what nouns have the most significant collostruction strengths with them respectively.

(1) Ship

Table 11. The Collostructional Analysis of Ship in MEC

WORD FREQ COLLO FREQ1 FREQ2 FYE DPW2C DPC2W LOG

1 Ship 3865 NN>Industry 1123 181 2.46E-176 1.59E-02 1.54E-01 8.02E+02

2 Ship 3865 NN>Web 111 71 6.45E-122 6.47E-03 6.32E-01 5.53E+02

3 Ship 3865 NN>Company 1458 120 1.97E-82 1.01E-02 7.50E-02 3.70E+02

4 Ship 3865 NN>Security 1281 96 1.42E-62 7.98E-03 6.76E-02 2.79E+02

5 Ship 3865 NN>Owner 670 56 1.00E-39 4.71E-03 7.62E-02 1.74E+02

6 Ship 3865 NN>Operator 467 49 1.13E-39 4.20E-03 9.76E-02 1.74E+02

7 Ship 3865 NN>Construction 689 55 5.34E-38 4.61E-03 7.25E-02 1.66E+02

8 Ship 3865 NN>Notice 195 32 8.74E-33 2.82E-03 1.57E-01 1.43E+02

9 Ship 3865 NN>Design 704 46 2.64E-28 3.76E-03 5.80E-02 1.22E+02

10 Ship 3865 NN>Water 1784 66 1.34E-25 4.87E-03 2.97E-02 1.09E+02

… … … … … … … … … …

523 Ship 3865 NN>Transfer 279 2 1.00E+00 -5.43E-06 -2.11E-04 1.71E-03

524 Ship 3865 NN>Indicator 141 1 1.00E+00 -3.73E-06 -2.87E-04 1.61E-03

525 Ship 3865 NN>Recovery 141 1 1.00E+00 -3.73E-06 -2.87E-04 1.61E-03

526 Ship 3865 NN>Canada 131 1 6.21E-01 3.07E-06 2.54E-04 1.14E-03

527 Ship 3865 NN>Progress 140 1 1.00E+00 -3.05E-06 -2.36E-04 1.08E-03

528 Ship 3865 NN>Article 670 5 8.22E-01 5.15E-06 8.34E-05 6.34E-04

529 Ship 3865 NN>Health 138 1 1.00E+00 -1.69E-06 -1.33E-04 3.35E-04

530 Ship 3865 NN>Certification 268 2 7.26E-01 2.06E-06 8.34E-05 2.53E-04

531 Ship 3865 NN>Engine 808 6 8.38E-01 3.46E-06 4.65E-05 2.37E-04

532 Ship 3865 NN>Offshore 136 1 1.00E+00 -3.31E-07 -2.64E-05 1.29E-05

The relationships among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Ship are shown in the following figure.

Figure 3ˊThe relationships among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Ship

These relationships can be described by the Menzerath-Altmann model, which are shown as follows:

Figure 4ˊModel fits among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Ship

The solid line, the Re-Parameterized Menzerath-Altmann model fit. The up dotted line: the FYE-DPW2C model fit, R²= 0.872, a = -0.019, b = 0.003 c = 0.001, d

= 0.018.; The down dotted line: the FYE-LOG model fit, R²= 0.910, a = 68.150, b = -0.006, c = 10361965.34. The results are excellent and their relationships can be described with the Menzerath-Altmann model.

To further analyse the details, the figure below shows the distribution of collexemes among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Ship.

Figure 5ˊCollexemes distribution among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Ship In collostruction pattern “A/N + N”, the frequency of Ship is 3865 functioning as 532 different modifiers to the right noun lexemes. According to the figure above, the most significant right collexeme of Ship is Industry. For Fisher-Yates Exact Test, the score is 2.46E-176; for DPW2C, it is 1.59E-02; for Loglikelihood, it is 8.02E+02. It is safe to claim that, for the M4 word Ship in MEC, Ship Industry is the most significant collostruction.

(2) Vessel

Table 12. The Collostructional Analysis of Vessel in MEC

WORD FREQ COLLO FREQ1 FREQ2 FYE DPW2C DPC2W LOG

1 Vessel 2244 NN>Size 351 50 9.22E-62 8.96E-03 1.39E-01 2.76E+02

2 Vessel 2244 NN>Traffic 795 40 1.28E-31 6.82E-03 4.67E-02 1.37E+02

3 Vessel 2244 NN>Personnel 465 29 5.70E-26 5.02E-03 5.87E-02 1.11E+02

4 Vessel 2244 NN>Underway 90 17 3.06E-24 3.07E-03 1.85E-01 1.04E+02

5 Vessel 2244 NN>Distress 281 19 3.38E-18 3.30E-03 6.39E-02 7.58E+01

6 Vessel 2244 NN>Type 770 27 6.80E-18 4.44E-03 3.14E-02 7.42E+01

7 Vessel 2244 NN>Facility 715 25 1.18E-16 4.11E-03 3.13E-02 6.85E+01

8 Vessel 2244 NN>Sight 78 11 1.06E-14 1.97E-03 1.37E-01 6.03E+01

9 Vessel 2244 NN>Safety 2289 36 1.34E-12 5.07E-03 1.21E-02 4.98E+01

10 Vessel 2244 NN>Ship 10920 6 3.68E-11 -6.30E-03 -3.16E-03 4.60E+01

… … … … … … … … … …

324 Vessel 2244 NN>Tank 783 3 7.68E-01 2.06E-05 1.43E-04 4.31E-03

326 Vessel 2244 NN>Quality 289 1 1.00E+00 -1.21E-05 -2.28E-04 4.18E-03

327 Vessel 2244 NN>Collision 524 2 7.20E-01 1.24E-05 1.29E-04 2.33E-03

328 Vessel 2244 NN>Tug 284 1 1.00E+00 -8.73E-06 -1.67E-04 2.19E-03

329 Vessel 2244 NN>Bank 259 1 6.16E-01 8.23E-06 1.73E-04 2.07E-03

330 Vessel 2244 NN>Protection 532 2 7.24E-01 6.96E-06 7.11E-05 7.27E-04

331 Vessel 2244 NN>Cost 825 3 1.00E+00 -7.88E-06 -5.20E-05 6.09E-04

332 Vessel 2244 NN>Class 548 2 1.00E+00 -3.90E-06 -3.87E-05 2.24E-04

333 Vessel 2244 NN>Engine 808 3 7.74E-01 3.65E-06 2.46E-05 1.32E-04

The relationships among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Vessel are shown in the following figure.

Figure 6ˊThe relationships among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Vessel

These relationships can be described by the Menzerath-Altmann model, which are shown as follows:

Figure 7ˊModel fits among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Vessel

The solid line, the Re-Parameterized Menzerath-Altmann model fit. The up dotted line: the FYE-DPW2C model fit, R2 = 0.651, a = -0.016, b = 0.006, c = -0.002, d = 0.016; The down dotted line: the FYE-LOG model fit, R²= 0.932, a = 32.962, b = -0.015, c = 6280.971. The results are excellent and their relationships can be described with the Menzerath-Altmann model.

To further analyse the details, the figure below shows the distributions of collexemes among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Vessel.

Figure 8ˊCollexemes distributions among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Vessel

In collostruction pattern “A/N + N”, the frequency of Vessel is 2244 functioning as 333 different modifiers to the right noun lexemes. According to the figure above, the most significant right collexeme of Vessel is Size. For Fisher-Yates Exact Test, the score is 9.22E-62; for DPW2C, it is 8.96E-03; for Log likelihood, it is 2.76E+02. It is safe to claim that, for the M4 word Vessel in MEC, Vessel Size is the most significant collostruction.

(3) Port

Table 13. The Collostructional Analysis of Port in MEC

WORD FREQ COLLO FREQ1 FREQ2 FYE DPW2C DPC2W LOG

1 Port 2030 NN>Facility 715 108 5.22E-166 3.84E-02 1.49E-01 7.55E+02

2 Port 2030 NN>Authority 492 76 5.69E-118 2.70E-02 1.53E-01 5.34E+02

3 Port 2030 NN>State 2034 90 1.88E-89 3.10E-02 4.24E-02 4.02E+02

4 Port 2030 NN>Industry 1123 52 2.64E-53 1.79E-02 4.45E-02 2.36E+02

5 Port 2030 NN>Call 247 34 8.50E-52 1.21E-02 1.36E-01 2.30E+02

6 Port 2030 NN>Service 1893 52 6.62E-42 1.74E-02 2.56E-02 1.84E+02

7 Port 2030 NN>Throughput 64 21 2.06E-41 7.51E-03 3.26E-01 1.83E+02

8 Port 2030 NN>Development 1093 35 6.12E-31 1.19E-02 3.02E-02 1.34E+02

9 Port 2030 NN>Metro 17 12 1.18E-29 4.31E-03 7.04E-01 1.30E+02

10 Port 2030 NN>Terminal 282 22 1.96E-28 7.72E-03 7.61E-02 1.23E+02

… … … … … … … … … …

309 Port 2030 NN>Demand 419 1 5.46E-01 7.61E-05 5.05E-04 5.23E-02

310 Port 2030 NN>Region 422 1 5.48E-01 7.40E-05 4.88E-04 4.94E-02

311 Port 2030 NN>Data 906 2 6.90E-01 1.06E-04 3.26E-04 4.84E-02

312 Port 2030 NN>Secretary 454 1 5.75E-01 5.24E-05 3.21E-04 2.36E-02

313 Port 2030 NN>Ship 10920 20 1.00E+00 -1.98E-04 -5.09E-05 1.51E-02

314 Port 2030 NN>Procedure 599 1 1.00E+00 -4.58E-05 -2.13E-04 1.50E-02

315 Port 2030 NN>Freight 592 1 1.00E+00 -4.11E-05 -1.93E-04 1.21E-02

316 Port 2030 NN>List 476 1 5.92E-01 3.75E-05 2.19E-04 1.17E-02

317 Port 2030 NN>Arrangement 581 1 1.00E+00 -3.36E-05 -1.61E-04 8.24E-03

318 Port 2030 NN>Order 1021 2 7.19E-01 2.82E-05 7.69E-05 3.17E-03

The relationships among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Port are shown in the following figure.

Figure 9ˊThe relationships among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Port

These relationships can be described by the Menzerath-Altmann model, which are shown as follows:

Figure 10ˊModel fits among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Port

The solid line, the Re-Parameterized Menzerath-Altmann model fit. The up dotted line: the FYE-DPW2C model fit, R2 = 0.941, a = -0.077, b = 0.002, c = -0.001, d = 0.077; The down dotted line: the FYE-LOG model fit, R²= 0.914, a = 1.000, b = 0.929, c = 0.240. The results are excellent and their relationships can be described with the Menzerath-Altmann model.

To further analyse the details, the figure below shows the distributions of collexemes among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Port.

Figure 11ˊCollexemes distributions among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Port

In collostruction pattern “A/N + N”, the frequency of Port is 2030 functioning as 318 different modifiers to the right noun lexemes. For Fisher-Yates Exact Test, the most significant right collexeme of Port is Facility with a score of 5.22E-166; for DPW2C, it is 3.84E-02; for Log likelihood, it is 7.55E+02. It is safe to claim that, for the M4 word Port in MEC, Port Facility is the most significant collostruction.

(4) Harbour

Table 14. The Collostructional Analysis of Harbour in MEC

WORD FREQ COLLO FREQ1 FREQ2 FYE DPW2C DPC2W LOG

1 Harbour 109 NN>Conservancy 15 13 4.93E-49 6.34E-02 8.67E-01 2.20E+02

2 Harbour 109 NN>Master 717 12 1.16E-21 5.81E-02 1.66E-02 9.22E+01

3 Harbour 109 NN>Authority 492 11 2.37E-21 5.33E-02 2.22E-02 9.08E+01

4 Harbour 109 NN>Maintenance 275 7 1.87E-14 3.40E-02 2.53E-02 5.95E+01

5 Harbour 109 NN>Entrance 67 5 4.66E-13 2.43E-02 7.45E-02 5.34E+01

6 Harbour 109 NN>River 216 6 8.43E-13 2.91E-02 2.76E-02 5.20E+01

7 Harbour 109 NN>Pilot 666 5 4.85E-08 2.39E-02 7.37E-03 3.03E+01

8 Harbour 109 NN>Iaph 4 2 1.15E-07 9.75E-03 5.00E-01 3.00E+01

9 Harbour 109 NN>Workboat 8 2 5.34E-07 9.75E-03 2.50E-01 2.66E+01

10 Harbour 109 NN>Naval 117 3 6.74E-07 1.46E-02 2.55E-02 2.55E+01

… … … … … … … … … …

48 Harbour 109 NN>China 601 1 7.99E-02 4.47E-03 1.53E-03 3.14E+00

49 Harbour 109 NN>Figure 619 1 8.22E-02 4.46E-03 1.48E-03 3.09E+00

50 Harbour 109 NN>Design 704 1 9.29E-02 4.40E-03 1.28E-03 2.86E+00

51 Harbour 109 NN>Group 899 1 1.17E-01 4.27E-03 9.74E-04 2.42E+00

52 Harbour 109 NN>Equipment 998 1 1.29E-01 4.20E-03 8.64E-04 2.24E+00

53 Harbour 109 NN>Fire 1280 1 1.63E-01 4.01E-03 6.43E-04 1.82E+00

54 Harbour 109 NN>Security 1281 1 1.63E-01 4.01E-03 6.43E-04 1.82E+00

55 Harbour 109 NN>Operation 1508 1 1.89E-01 3.86E-03 5.25E-04 1.55E+00

56 Harbour 109 NN>Sea 1980 1 2.40E-01 3.54E-03 3.67E-04 1.14E+00

57 Harbour 109 NN>Vessel 5458 1 5.31E-01 1.19E-03 4.49E-05 7.17E-02

The relationships among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Harbour are shown in the following figure.

Figure 12ˊThe relationships among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Harbour

These relationships can be described by the Menzerath-Altmann model, which are shown as follows:

Figure 13ˊ Model fits among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Harbour

The solid line, the Menzerath-Altmann model fit. The up dotted line: the FYE-DPW2C model fit, R²= 0.687, a = 0.015, b = -0.014, c = 108.034; The down dotted line: the FYE-LOG model fit, R²= 0.943, a = 24.893, b = -0.019, c = 1423.557. The results are excellent and their relationships can be described with the Menzerath-Altmann model.

To further analyse the details, the figure below shows the distributions of collexemes among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Harbour.

Figure 14ˊCollexemes distributions among FYE, DPW2C and LOG of Harbour

In collostruction pattern “A/N + N”, the frequency of Harbour is 109 functioning as 57 different modifiers to the right noun lexemes. According to the figure above, the most significant right collexeme of Harbour is Conservancy. For Fisher-Yates Exact Test, the score is 4.93E-49; for DPW2C, it is 6.34E-02; for Log likelihood, it is 2.20E+02. It is safe to claim that, for the M4 word Harbour in MEC, Harbour Conservancy is the most significant collostruction.