• 검색 결과가 없습니다.

Limitations and Suggestions

문서에서 저작자표시 (페이지 163-172)

Chapter 5 Conclusion

5.3 Limitations and Suggestions

The present study takes a corpus-based approach to study collostructions in maritime English, the MEC corpus of about 0.67 million words is not a large corpus in terms of work being conducted today. In this study, a keyword analysis approach is adopted to identify the most frequent sea-related words. All the extremely frequent sea-related words are generated automatically by computer program, and frequency, corpus size are two important factors. If the two factors changes, the final result may be influenced. Of course, use a different operational definition of collostructions could greatly influence the overall proportions of maritime English. Further, setting a higher or lower cut-off for keyword would also obviously influence these statistics.

In the light of the findings of this study, further studies still need to be carried out involving this research area in the future. A more detailed comparison of using

collostructions among the sub-field of maritime English needed to be conducted. The study only finds out the unique features of collostructions in maritime English, but what are the reasons and the influence elements, the study doesn't give a deeper illustration. More efforts need to be contributed in this field, and these efforts will benefit the study of collostructions and maritime English.

References

Altmann, G., 1980. Prolegomena to Menzerath’s Law. Glottometrika, 2, pp.1-10.

Baayen, H., 2011. Corpus linguistics and naive discriminative learning. Brazilian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11, pp.295-328.

Baker, P., 2004. Querying keywords: questions of difference, frequency and sense in keywords analysis. Journal of English Linguistics, 32, pp.346-359.

Baker, P., 2009. The BE06 Corpus of British English and recent language change. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 14(3), pp.312-337.

Barlow, M. & Suzanne, K., 2000. Usage-Based Models of Language. CSLI Publications:

Stanford, CA.

Bayes, T., 1763. An Essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances. Phil.

Trans., 53, pp.370–418.

Biber, D., Conrad, S. & Cortes, V., 2003. Lexical bundles in speech and writing: An initial taxonomy. In: Wilson, A., Rayson, P., and McEnery, T. eds., Corpus Linguistics by the Lune: A Festschrift for Geoffrey Leech, Peter Lang: Frankfurt.

pp.71-92.

Bybee, J., 1998. The emergent lexicon. Papers from the Thirty-Fourth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago Linguistics Society: Chicago, pp.421-435.

Chen, Y. & Baker, P., 2010. Lexical bundles in L1 and L2 academic writing. Language Learning and Technology, 14(2), pp.30-49.

Chomsky, N., 1999. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. MIT Press: Cambridge.

Church, K. W. & P. Hanks., 1990. Word association norms, mutual information, and lexicography. Computational Linguistics, 16(1), pp.22-29.

Colleman, T., 2009. Verb disposition in argument structure alternations: A corpus study of the Dutch dative alternation. Language Sciences, 31, pp.593-611.

Colleman, T., 2009. The semantic range of the Dutch double object construction. A collostructional perspective. Constructions and Frames, 1, pp.190-220.

Colleman, T., 2010. Beyond the dative alternation: The semantics of Dutchoon-Dative.

In: Glynn, D. and Fischer, K. eds., Quantitative Methods in Cognitive Semantics.

Corpus-driven approaches. Mouton de Gruyter: Berlin, pp. 271-303.

Ellis, N. C. & Diane, L. F., 2009. Language as a Complex Adaptive System. Wiley-Blackwell: Chichester.

Ellis, N. C. & Fernando, F. J., 2009. Construction learning as a function of frequency, frequency distribution, and function. The Modern Language Journal, 93(3), pp.370-385.

Evert, S. & Brigitte, K., 2001. Methods for the qualitative evaluation of lexical association measures. Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Toulouse, France. pp. 188-195.

Evert, S., 2004. The Statistics of Word Cooccurrences: Word pairs and Collocations.

Ph.D. institut für maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung, Universität Stuttgart.

Fan, F. X., 2013. Text length, vocabulary size and text coverage constancy. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics, 20(4), pp.288-300.

Fillmore, C. J., 1985. Syntactic intrusions and the notion of grammatical construction.

Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society.

University of California, Berkeley Linguistics Society: Berkeley, pp.73-86.

Fillmore, C. J., 1988. The mechanisms of ‘Construction Grammar’. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. University of California, Berkeley Linguistics Society: Berkeley, pp.35-55.

Fillmore, C. J. & Paul, K., 1988. Regularity and idiomaticity in grammatical constructions: The case of let alone. Language, 64, pp.501-538.

Goh, G.Y. & Lee, S. W., 2008. A corpus-based analysis of the language of English news in Korea. The Journal of Studies in Language, 23(4), pp.601-619.

Goldberg, A. E., 1995. Constructions. A construction grammar approach to argument structure. University of Chicago Press: Chicago.

Goldberg, A. E., 1999. The emergence of the semantics of argument structure constructions. In: MacWhinney, B. Ed., The Emergence of Language. Lawrence Erlbaum: Mahwah, NJ, pp.197–212.

Gries, S. T. & Anatol, S., 2003. Collostructions: Investigating the interaction of words and constructions. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, pp.209-243.

Gries, S. T. & Anatol, S., 2004. Extending collostructional analysis: A corpus-based perspective on 'alternations'. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 9, pp.97-129.

Gries, S. T., Beate, H. & Doris, S., 2005. Converging evidence: Bringing together

experimental and corpus data on the associations of verbs and constructions.

Cognitive Linguistics, 16, pp.635-676.

Gries, S. T., 2005. Null-hypo dissertation significance testing of word frequencies: a follow-up on Kilgarriff. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, 1(2), pp.277-294.

Gries, S. T., 2006. Corpus-based methods and cognitive semantics: The many meanings of to run. In: Gries, S. T. and Stefanowitsch, A. eds., Corpora in Cognitive Linguistics: Corpus-based Approaches to Syntax and Lexis, Mouton de Gruyter:

Berlin/New York, pp.57-99.

Gries, S. T. & Stefanie, W., 2009. Psycholinguistic and corpus linguistic evidence for L2 constructions. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 7, pp.163-186.

Gries, S. T. & Anatol, S., 2010. Cluster analysis and the identification of collexeme classes. Experimental and Empirical Methods in the Study of Conceptual Structure, Discourse, and Language. CSLI: Stanford, pp.73-90.

Gries, S. T., Beate, H. & Doris, S., 2010. Converging evidence II: More on the association of verbs and constructions. Experimental and Empirical Methods in the Study of Conceptual Structure, Discourse, and Language. CSLI: Stanford, pp.59-72.

Gries, S. T., 2011. Corpus data in usage-based linguistics: What's the right degree of granularity for the analysis of argument structure constructions? In: Brdar, M., Gries S. T., and Fuchs M. Ž. eds., Cognitive linguistics: Convergence and expansion. John Benjamins: Amsterdam/Philadelphia, pp.237-256.

Gries, S. T., 2012. Frequencies, probabilities, association measures in usage-exemplar based linguistics: Some necessary clarifications. Studies in Language, 36(3), pp.477-510.

Gries, S. T., 2013. 50-something years of work on collocations: What is or should be next…. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 18(1), pp.137–165.

Hampe, B., 2011. Discovering constructions by means of collostruction analysis: The English denominative construction. Cognitive Linguistics, 22(2), pp.211-245.

Hilpert, M., 2006. Distinctive collexeme analysis and diachrony. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, 2(2), pp.243-256.

Hilpert, M., 2010. The force dynamics of English complement clauses: A collostructional analysis. Quantitative Methods in Cognitive Semantics:

Corpus-driven Approaches. Mouton de Gruyter: Berlin, pp.155-178.

Höche, S., 2011. I am about to die vs I am going to die: A usage-based comparison between two future-indicating constructions. Converging evidence. Benjamins:

Amsterdam, pp.115-142.

Hoey, M., 2005. Lexical Priming. A New Theory of Words and Language. Routledge:

London/New York.

Hopper, P., 1987. Emergent Grammar. Papers of the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. University of California, Berkeley Linguistics Society:

Berkeley, pp.139–157.

Hunston, S. & Gill, F., 2000. Pattern Grammar: A Corpus-driven Approach to the Lexical Grammar of English. Benjamins: Amsterdam/Philadelphia.

Jhang, S. & Byun, H., 2011. A corpus-based lexical analysis of Maritime English. The New Korean Journal of English Language and Literature, 53(4), pp.247-268.

Jhang, S. & Parent, K., 2011. The vocabulary of Maritime English: keyword analyses of the English homepages of port authorities around the world. Korean Journals of English Language and Linguistics, 11(4), pp.1065-1083.

Jhang, S. & Lee, S., 2013. Collocational networks and semantic preference: A case study of near synonyms of Maritime English vocabulary. The New Korean Association of English Language and Literature, pp.31-46.

Jhang, S. & Lee, S., 2013. Correlation analysis between certification tests and high school textbooks in relation to Maritime English Corpus. Proceedings of The New Korean Association of English Language and Literature, pp.33-44.

Jhang, S. & Lee, S., 2013. Visualization of collocational networks: Maritime English keywords. Language Research, 49(3), pp.781-802.

Jhang, S. & Lee, S., 2014. The comparison between reference and non-reference analyses for extracting important words in a maritime corpus. The Journal of Modern British & American Language & Literature, 32(4), pp.1-16.

Jhang, S. & Lv, W. Y., 2015. Corpus-based network analysis of near-synonyms “Safety”

and “Security”. Proceedings of The Association of Modern British & American Language & Literature, pp.152-156.

Jhang, S. & Lee, S., 2016. A study of themes and trends in research of global maritime economics through keyword network analysis. The Korea Port Economic Association, Journal of Korea Port Economic Association, 32(1), pp.79-95.

Jhang, S., Yu, Y. & Lee, S., 2017. Trends in maritime safety standards through keyword analysis of the SOLAS convention. Journal of Language Sciences, pp.227-251.

Kay, P. & Charles, J. F., 1999. Grammatical constructions and linguistic generalizations:

The what's X doing Y? construction. Language, 75, pp.1-33.

Kemppanen, H., 2004. Keywords and ideology in translated history texts: A corpus-based analysis. Across Languages and Cultures, 5(1), pp.89-106.

Kennedy, G., 2000. An Introduction to Corpus Linguistics. Foreign Language Research Press: Beijing.

Kennison, S. M., 2001. Limitations on the use of verb information during sentence comprehension. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 8(1), pp.132-138.

Kilgarriff, A., 2005. Language is never, ever, ever, random. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, 1(2), pp.263-276.

Kim, D. S., 2015. “Contextual opposition effect” and the distinction between confusingly similar pairs of words or phrases. The Discourse and Cognitive Linguistics Society of Korea, 10, pp.87-97.

Kim, D. S., 2017. Towards a corpus-based distinction in contextual uses between safe(ty) and secur(-ity) by means of binary opposition strategy. The Journal of Linguistics Science. 83, pp.21-62.

Köhler, R., 2012. Quantitative Syntax Analysis. Mouton de Gruyter: Berlin/Boston.

Knobel, M., Matthew, F. & Alfonso, C., 2008. The many places of frequency: Evidence fora novel locus of the lexical frequency effect in word production. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 25(2), pp.256-286.

Lakoff, G., 1987. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things. University of Chicago Press:

Chicago.

Langacker, R. W., 1987. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar: Vol. 1: Theoretical Foundations. Stanford University Press: Stanford, CA.

Langacker, R. W., 1991. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar: Vol. 2: Descriptive Application. Stanford University Press: Stanford, CA.

Lee, S., 2016. Network Analysis of Maritime English Corpus with Multi-word Compounds: Keyword Networks and Collocation Networks. Ph.D. Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Korea.

Lewis, M., 1993. The Lexical Approach, Teacher Training Publications: Hove.

asynchronous online communication: A keyness approach. System, 55, pp.53-62.

Lv, W. Y. & Jhang, S., 2015. A corpus-based analysis of maritime legal documents. The Discourse and Cognitive Linguistics Society of Korea, pp.41-47.

Lv, W. Y., 2017. A Corpus-based Language Network Analysis of Near-synonyms in a Specialized Corpus. Ph.D. Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Korea.

Lv, W. Y. & Jhang, S., 2017. A corpus-Based analysis of the near-synonyms safety and security in maritime English. The Journal of Linguistics Science, 83, pp.89-113.

Mahlberg, M., 2009. Patterns in News Stories. Using Corpora to Learn about Language and Discourse, Peter Lang: Bern, pp.99-132.

Manning, C. & Hinrich, S., 2001. Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing, MIT Press: Cambridge.

McArthur, T., 1981. Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English, Longman: London.

McEnery, T., 2009. Keywords and Moral Panics: Mary White House and Media Censorship. What's in Word-list? Investigating Word Frequency and Keyword Extraction. Ashgate: Oxford.

Michelbacher, L., Evert, S. and Schütze, H., 2007. Asymmetric in corpus-derived and human word associations. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, 7(2), pp.245-276

Moon, R., 1998. Phraseology: Frequencies and Forms of Phrasal Lexemes in English.

In: Cowie, A. P. Ed., Theory, Analysis and Applications. Oxford University Press:

Oxford, pp.79-100.

Mukherjee, J. & Gries, S. T., 2009. Collostructional nativisation in new Englishes:

Verb-construction associations in the international corpus of English. English World-Wide, 30(1), pp.27-51.

Nattinger, J. R., 1980. A lexical phrase grammar for ESL. TESOL Quarterly, 14, pp.333-442.

Nattinger, J. R. & DeCarrico, J. S., 1989. Lexical phrases, speech acts and teaching conversation AILA Review 6. Vocabulary Acquisition, pp.118-139.

Nattinger, J.R. & DeCarrico, J. S., 1992. Lexical Phrases and Language Teaching, Oxford University Press: Oxford.

Pinker, S., 1989. Learnability and Cognition. The Acquisition of Argument Structure.

MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.

Pollard, C. & Sag, I. A., 1994. Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. The University

of Chicago Press: Chicago/London.

Quirk R., Greenbaum S., Leech G. & Svartvik J., 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Longman: London.

Scott, M. & Tribble, C., 2006. Textual Patterns: Keyword and Corpus Analysis in Language Education. John Benjamins: Amsterdam.

Scott, M., 2008. Oxford Wordsmith Tools 5.0. Lexical Analysis Software: Liverpool.

Scott, M., 2009. In Search of a Bad Reference Corpus. What's in Word-list?

Investigating Word Frequency and Keyword Extraction. Ashgate: Oxford.

Seale, C., 2006. Gender, cancer experience and internet use: A comparative keyword analysis of interviews and online cancer support groups. Social Science and Medicine, 62(10), pp.2577-2590.

Sinclair, J. M., 1991. Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford University Press:

Oxford.

Stefanowitsch, A. & Gries S. T., 2008. Channel and Constructional Meaning: A Collostructional Case Study. Cognitive Sociolinguistics. Mouton de Gruyter:

Berlin/New York, pp.129-152.

Stefanowitsch, A. & Gries S. T., 2009. Corpora and Grammar. Corpus Linguistics: An International Handbook. Mouton de Gruyter: Berlin/New York, pp. 933-951.

Stubbs, M., 1995. Collocations and semantic profiles. On the cause of the trouble with quantitative studies. Functions of Language, 2, pp.23-55.

Weinert, R., 1995. The role of formulaic language in second language acquisition: a review. Applied Linguistics, 16(2), pp.180-205.

Wiechmann, D., 2008. On the computation of collostruction strength: Testing measures of association as expressions of lexical bias. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, 4(2), pp.253-290.

Wilkinson, M., 2015. Using keyword tools to explore lexical differences between British and American English in specialised corpora. CALL-EJ, 15(1), pp.21-38.

Wray, A., 1999. Formulaic language in learners and native speakers. Language Teaching, 32(1), pp.213-231.

Wulff, S., 2005. Online statistics labs. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, 2, pp.303-308.

문서에서 저작자표시 (페이지 163-172)

관련 문서