Research-in-Charge : Young-Dae Lee Research Staff : Ki-Hong Kim
1. T h e purpose of t his r es ear ch is t o g r a sp an d com pare t h e t r en ds an d differen ces of t h e v ocation al re sear ch es of for eig n cou nt ries by ex am in in g t h e r esear ch es an d st u dies on t h e s am e is su es in t h e dev eloped cou nt rie s an d t o sh ed a lig ht for th e st u dy on v ocat ion al is su e in K or ea .
2. T h e is su es dealt in t h e stu dy ar e n ot th e on es r eg ar din g on n ot on ly v ocat ion al edu cat ion an d t rain in g . T his is th e st u dy on v ocat ion al pr oblem s in th e a spect s of qu an tity an d qu alit y . T h e v ocat ion in qu ant it y in clu des th e t r an sit ion , pr ospect s an d cat eg orie s of em ploy m en t w hile t h at in qu alit y su g g est s t h e w orkplace kn ow - h ow an d t h e dut y t o perform t h e j ob a s sign ed .
3. S in ce 1946, t h e U S h av e b een pu blishin g or h av e pub lish ed in ev ery t w o y ear s , th e em ploy m ent pr ospect s for th e forth com in g 10 y ear s w it h r eg ard t o ab ou t 250 j ob cat eg ories . T h e m ost r ecent on e w a s pu blish ed for t h e p eriod of 1998 - 2008. T h e em ploy m en t pr osp ect s for eca st t h os e of em ploy ee s b ein g in crea sed , decr ea s ed, an d t h ose of dr a st ic up sw in g or v ice v er sa . T h e pu blicat ion h av e pr esen t ed th e in com e, m en t al st r es s ,
ph y sical st r en g th r equ ir ed , g row in g pot ent ial, st ab ilit y an d w ork in g con dit ion s of each em ploy m ent dep en din g on edu cat ion al lev el.
4. T h e j ob cla s sification in t h e U S is b a s ed on t h e fir st edit ion of t h e em ploy m en t direct ory pu blish ed by t h e Depart m ent of Lab or in 1939, w hich cu rrent ly in clu des s om e 20,000 j ob cat eg ories . A n ew j ob cla s sificat ion sy st em w ill b e an n oun ced in 2001, in w h ich ab ou t 350 j ob s w ill b e a dded an ew t o deal w it h t h e ch an g in g t ren d of th e lab or m ark et in det ail furt h er .
5. F or un der st an din g of t h e j ob cla s sification sy st em in t h e U S , t h ere ar e OE S (Occupation al Em ploy m en t S t at ist ics ) an d O *N ET (Occu pat ion al Inform at ion N et w ork ). O *NET cont ain s an in t eg r at ed em ploy m en t in form at ion sy st em in j ob cla s sification , in clu din g j ob - seek in g , v ocat ion al edu cation an d t r ainin g . T his w ill r eplace th e ex ist in g em ploy m en t dir ect ory an d s erv e a s a b a sis for s ort in g n ew j ob con cept s .
6. T h e st u dy on th e b a sic w orkplace k n ow - h ow h a s b een m ost ly carried ou t by S CA N S (S ecret ary ' s Com m is sion on A chiev in g N ece s sary S kills ) of th e Depart m ent of Lab or in t h e U S . T h e b a sic w ork pla ce k n ow - h ow w a s des crib ed in "A S CA N S R eport for A m erica 2000" pu blish ed in 1992, in w h ich S CA N S pr oposed "Learnin g a Liv in g " t o in t er act t h e w orkplace kn ow - h ow w ith s ch ool edu cation , an d t h er eaft er pre sen t ed th e con cret e w ay t o t each th e b a sic w orkplace kn ow - h ow in sch ools . T h e S CA N S ' un dert ak in g h a s led t o "S ch ool- t o- W ork " sy st em , an d relat ed law s w ere en act ed t o supp ort it .
7. F or t h e st u dy on em ploy m ent in Germ an y , a su b sidiary re sear ch in st it u t e of t h e F eder al Em ploy m ent S t abilit y Bur eau h a s or g anized t h e in st it u t e in cooper at ion w ith th e g ov ern m ent ag en cies r elat ed t o v ocat ion al tr ainin g an d lab or m ark et s , alon g w it h priv at e in st it u t es an d
academ ic circles . It g en er ally activ at es t h e r esear ch pr oj ect on v ocat ion al edu cation an d t r ain in g th r ou gh t h e close cooper at ion of academ ic r esearch , m ut u al sh ar e of inform at ion dat a an d t h e ex ch an g e of r es ear ch pr odu ct s on em ploy m ent am on g t h e ag en cies con cern ed.
8. A ll r esear ch act iv it ie s of t h e 10 pr ogr am s in t h e Lab or an d V ocation al Res ear ch Cent er pla ce an im port an ce of t h e b a sic r esearch for em ploy m en t an d v ocation , an d em ph a size t h e pr act ical im plem en t ation of pr ogr am s deriv ed fr om th e b a sic stu dy . In part icular , th e 4t h sect or of em ploy m en t an d qu alificat ion pr og ram s ev alu at es t h e ev er - ch an gin g tr en d of j ob cat eg ories pur su an t t o th e ch an g es of lab or m ark et s , it s ch an g in g fact or s , t h e for eca st of t h e ch an g e s an d t h e n ew r equ ir em en t s of ch an g in g qu alification s on a m acr o scale v iew . It also prov ides t h e in form at ion dat a for j ob con su lt at ion an d em ploy m ent placem ent w ith accu r at e support in g dat a a s a pr act ical m eth od . In ot h er w or d s , th e Lab or an d Occupation Res ear ch Cent er collect s a w ide r an g e of in form at ion an d pr oces se s it s o t o m ak e t h e ou t com e of t h e em ploy m en t st u dy u s eful a s pr act ical b en efit s in lab or office s in each district .
9. F or des cribin g t h e t r an sit ion of j ob cat eg ories an d it s lon g - t erm for eca st in th e em ploy m ent st u dy in Germ an y , st at ist ics is ut ilized t o ex plain lab or er s ' w ork perform an ce of each occup at ion al g r ou p . Un lik e ot h er cou nt ries , th e w ord s su ch a s a g row in g in du st ry or a sun set in du st ry is s eldom u sed in Germ any . Cert ain w ork perform an ce w a s defin ed im port an t in th e pa st du rin g t h e tr an sition of a cert ain j ob or t h e t ren d in ch an g e, an d t h at , w ork perform an ce cou ld b e ch an g ed t o cert ain dir ect ion in th e for eca st on a lon g - t erm b a sis . T his w ay of j u dg em en t is em ploy ed a s t h e ch an g in g t r en d of all j ob cat eg ories in det ail is n ot pos sibly ex plain ed . E specially , th e ch an g es of w ork perform an ce in each occup ation al gr ou p an d dem an d for lab or ar e em ph a sized t o deal w it h ex pect ed div er sificat ion of lab or m ark et s an d v ocation al tr ainin g
pr ogr am s .
10. T h e w orkplace k n ow - h ow con cept in Germ any h a s b een affirm ed in P ET RA (P r oj ect an d T ran sfer orient ed T RA in in g ) plan pr ep ar ed by t h e M in istry of E du cation an d S cien ce of t h e feder al g ov ernm en t . T h e plan w a s de sig n ed t o cu lt iv at e t h e t alent s n eces sary for n ew r equir em ent s a s scien tific t echn olog y an d n ew pr oce s sin g skills in t h e m anu fact urin g sect or are r apidly ch an g in g .
11. J apan h a s b een pub lishin g th e em ploy m en t pr osp ect iv e sin ce 1986.T h e Lab or P olicy Bu r eau of th e M inist ry of Lab or h a s v iew ed a lon g - t erm lab or dem an d an d su pply stru ct ur e for th e y ear 2005 an d t h e T r ainin g In st it ut e for A dm inist r at ion of Lab or h a s dra w n t h e sim ilar v iew for th e y ear 2010. In t h es e v iew s , pr esent ed ar e th e j ob cat eg ories t h at ant icip at e a high g r ow t h of em ploy m ent an d a r apid in cr ea s e of em ploy m en t in high t ech s ect or s , or t h ose th at ex pect decr ea s e of em ploy m en t . T h e P lann in g Bur eau of th e E con om ic P lann in g A g en cy h a s in dicat ed th e m odified w ork perform an ce in t h e em ploy m en t of r est ru ct u rin g in du st ries an d th e w orkin g cap acit y requ ir ed du rin g th e t ran sit ion .
12. W e can fin d s om e su g g est ion s t hr ou gh th e an aly sis of foreig n coun tries ' j ob r esear ch es . A b ov e all m ore em ph a sis sh ou ld b e focu sed on b a sic j ob r esear ch , b ecau se if w e h ad m or e inform at ion on j ob t r en d , t h en w e can sh ow v ision on j ob t o peoples .
13. In K or ea w e n eed regu lar lon g t erm j ob pr osp ect s . T h e j ob for eca st w a s m ade n ot fr om st at ist ical an aly sis bu t fr om com m ent s m a de by econ om ist s , in du st rial pr ospect s of econ om ical an d fin an cial or g anizat ion s . S o w e m u st em ph a size on j ob pr osp ect r esear ch e specially in for eca st m et h od s .
14. In cont r a st t o rapid j ob ch an g e in K orea , t h e j ob cla s sification sy st em h a s n ot follow ed y et . T h er efor e, t h er e w er e som e m ism at ch pr oblem b et w een r eal j ob w orld an d j ob cla s sification . W e n eed m ore r esearch in j ob cla s sification an d r egu lar com pen sat ion sh ou ld b e m ade.
15. In A m erica , t h ere w ere lar g e s cale surv ey s m ade t o fin d j ob r equir em ent s . W e m u st h av e m ore inform at ion in j ob s s o t h er e m u st b e r esearch es on j ob r equirem ent s especially for m aint ainin g an d dev elopin g in j ob .
16. T o st ren g th en th e j ob r esear ch fun ct ion , g ov ernm en t sh ou ld inv e st m or e an d t o m ak e g ood m ech anism sy st em . A ls o t h e r es ear ch in stitu t e sh ou ld m ak e effort s t o m ak e g ood qu alit y r ep ort s t o fu lfill t h e peoples ' n eed.