C. 감염병이 노인의 건강에 미치는 영향
Ⅶ. 결 론
우리나라는 기후변화의 심화와 고령화사회로의 진입이라는 두 가지 보건학적 문제가 동시에 이루어질 것으로 예측된다. 기후변화는 직접적･간접적인 경로로 건강영향을 증가시키는데, 특히 노인에게 영향이 더 큰 것으로 알려져 있어 기후 변화로 인한 노인의 건강영향의 피해를 최소화하기 위한 공중보건정책의 필요성 이 대두되고 있다.
본 연구는 기후변화로 인한 건강영향을 폭염, 기상재해, 매개체 감염병, 수인･
식품매개 감염병 등으로 구분하여 건강영향별로 노인연령층에 미치는 건강영향 을 평가하였으며, 노인연령층과 일반연령층을 구분하여 일반연령층을 기준으로 노인의 상대적 비교 위험도를 산출하였고, 노인연령층 내에서 연령, 성, 지역 등 의 인구사회학적 취약 요인을 분석하여 결과를 제시하였다.
건강영향별로 노인연령층에 미치는 건강영향을 평가한 결과 폭염이 아닌 날 보다 폭염이 발생한 날 노인연령층의 일일사망자수가 증가하였고 온열질환자는 역치온도 이상에서 1℃ 증가할 때 일반연령층은 56%씩 증가하였으나 노인연령층 의 경우, 남자는 62%씩 증가하고 여자는 74%씩 증가하여 폭염이 건강에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났으며 일반연령층보다 영향의 크기가 더 컸다. 기상재해 로 인한 사망자는 태풍에 의한 사망자가 가장 많았고 매개체 감염병 중에서는 영향이 가장 큰 질병은 쯔쯔가무시증이었다. 수인･식품매개 감염병은 건강영향의 크기가 비교적 크지 않았다.
노인연령층과 일반연령층을 구분하여 일반연령층을 기준으로 노인의 상대적 비교 위험도를 산출한 결과 폭염이 발생한 날 노인 사망의 상대적 비교위험도가
여자는 44.0배, 남자 18.7배로 가장 높았다. 기상재해는 태풍으로 인한 사망자가
4.1배로 가장 높았으며 홍수는 2.7배 더 높았다. 매개체 감염병은 렙토스피라증이
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[ ABSTRACT ]
Health impacts of climate change in the older population
Heatwaves, disasters, climatechange related infectious disease
-Soo-nam Jo
Department of Biomedical Sciences The Graduate School, Ajou University
(Supervised by Professor Yunhwan Lee)
In terms of public health issues, managing health for elderly considering climate changes will be an essential part of health policies in republic of Korea, whose population is rapidly aging. However, neither health effect nor adaptation strategies to climate change have been assessed comprehensively in the elderly group, although the elderly are known as the most vulnerable group to climate change. We examined health impacts from climate changes classifying into several types of responses to heatwaves, meteorological disaster and infectious disease in the elderly group.
The objectives of this study are (1) assess the effects of climate changes on the health of the elderly in each category; (2) to calculate those relative and comparative risks in comparison with other age groups; (3) to identify their sociodemographic vulnerable factors such as age, gender, and region. The effects of heatwaves on the health of the elderly were analyzed using national mortality statistics data in Seoul between 2001 and 2011 and from surveillance of heat-related patients visiting emergency departmentin 2011 and 2012. The analysis results show that the average number of deaths per a day among the elderly
increased on the days with heatwaves compared with the days without. While the number of heat-related patients increased by 56% for 1℃ increase over the threshold temperature among the population aged less than 65, by 62% among older men and 74% among older women. This suggests that heatwaves had huge influences on health, especially in the elderly.
The older men were more vulnerable to heat waves than their female counterparts. The most affected region was Jeollanam-do, followed by Gyeonggi-do and Seoul. Exposure to extreme heat during outdoor works and activities compared to indoor ones carried higher risks.
The older men were more vulnerable to heat waves than their female counterparts. The most affected region was Jeollanam-do, followed by Gyeonggi-do and Seoul. Exposure to extreme heat during outdoor works and activities compared to indoor ones carried higher risks.