10971.pdf

Technical Specifications

Conventions Guidelines Man dat

ory Vol unt

ary

Information System Data

Structures Data Contents Data Values Im ple me nta tion

Form of the standard

L ev el o f g ra n u lar it y

Perm issive Restrictive

General

Detailed

Legally enforced Used by popular

acceptance

Fig 5-1 A 3-D matrix definition of standards

Standard

Open Standard Proprietary

Standard

Mandatory (de jure) Standard

Voluntary (de facto / Industry)

Standard

Purpose Implementation

Specification Abstract

Specification

Developm ent / Stewardship

Private organisations Standard developm ent

organisations / Industry consortia

Implementation

Popular Acceptance Legislation and

regulations

Is alw ays

High-level description T echnical

details

Public Domain Standard Communal

stew ardship Developer

stew ardship

Is alw ays

Fig 5-2 Classification of standards

Spatial Database Systems Standards

Hardware Standards

Software

Standards Data Standards

Desktop Computer / Workstation

Standards

Communications Network and Web

Services Standards Operation

Systems (OS) Standards

Application Standards

M odelling Standards

Accuracy Standards

Spatial Data Standards

Non-spatial Data Standards

Vector Data Standards

Raster Data Standards Server

Standards

DBMS Standards

Development Environment Standards Professional

Practice Standards

Encoding Standards M etadata

Standards

Transfer Standards Representation

Standards

Query Standards

Interface Standards

Reference Data Sets Object /

Feature Catalogue

Fig 5-3 A typology of standards applicable to spatial DB systems

Standards Council of Standards

(SCC) Canadian General

Standards Board (CGSB)

ISO/TC 211 M ap Library

Catalog

National Standards

M aintains Inter-agency Committee

on Geomatics (IACG)

National Standards

System

Canadian Council on Geomatics

(CCOG) Natural

Resources Canada

OpenGeospatial Consortium

Co-ordinates the developm ent of

References

References References

Accredits Oversees

Is a com m ittee of

M aintains

Partnership

International Spatial Data Standards

Canadian Spatial Data Standards Is a m em ber of

Is a m em ber of

Develops and m aintains Develops and

m aintains

Adopts and endorses

Are included in Advises SCC on

matters relating to

Works under International Standards

Organisations

Represents Canada in

Partnership

Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI)

GeoBase Portal

Oversees

Priv ate sector Geomatics companies Prov incial geospatial

data standards

Adv isory Committee

on ISO

Committee on Geomatics (COG)

Standards Council of Canada Act

Fig 5-4 Standard development in Canada

International Committee on Information Technology

Standards (INCITS)

INCITS Technical Committee L1-GIS

Am erican National Standards Institute (ANSI)

ISO Technical Com m ittee (TC) 211 International Organisation for

Standardisation (ISO)

Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Federal Geographic

Data Committee (FGDC)

Is a m em ber of Sets policies for

Is a voting m em ber of

Is an advisory m em ber of Is a Sub-com m ittee of Accredits

Accredits U.S. T AG to

Is member of

Is a com m ittee of

Counties / Cities Participate in standards developm ent

Softw are Vendors

Federal Spatial Data Standards

Standards Developm ent Organisations

Industry Consortia Office of

Management and Budget

Inter-organisational liaison

States

Other Consortia

M em bers of

M em bers of

M em ber of Academic &

research community

Fig 5-5 Standard development in United States

Other Profiles T opological

Vector Profile

Raster Profile

Point Profile

CADD Profile

Digital Line Graphics

TIGER

Shapefiles

Model

Digital Orthophoto

Quads

NGS Control

AutoCAD

Micro- Station

Profiles Base Standard

Data Products Profiles-Product

Mapping Environment

Spatial Data Transfer Standard

(SDTS)

Other Products

Other Products

Fig 5-6 Implementing the SDTS

SPECIFICATIONS

Harmonisation Standardisation

Integration

USERS Metadata

Discovery Service

Data Policies

Licensing Framework Coordinating Structures

Geodetic Framework Seamless Data Quality Assurance Certification

Data Model

Catalog Services

Object Access Service Generalisation Services Geoprocessing Services ....

....

....

De liv e r Information Se rv ice s Re que st Information Se rv ice s

ISO 19100 and OGC COM PLIANT

Local Data

Europe an Data National and

Sub-national SDI

DATA RESOURCES

Members of the public NGOs and other Non-Profit Organisations Research and Education

Communities

Commercial/Professional Services

Utilities and Public Services Government and

Administration

Fig 5-7 The INSPIRE spatial infrastructure high level model

User Applications Clients

Middleware

Servers Distributed

Content Repositories

Catalogues

Metadata search

& retrieval for data & services

Service chaining, search, display, access,e-business

Direct data

access ISO 19136 Metadata Update

ISO 19119 ISO 19125 ISO 19128 ISO 19135

ISO 19119

ISO 19128/WMS WFS

Access to transformed data, maps, multi-media

ISO/TS 19103 ISO 19109 ISO 19110 ISO 19115

ISO 19103 ISO 19107 ISO 19108

ISO 19111 ISO 19112 ISO 19113

ISO 19118 ISO/TR 19121 ISO 19123

ISO 19120 ISO 19109

Fig 5-8 The INSPIRE architecture reference model including example

ISO19100 standards

ISO Base Standard

Abstract Specification

Implementation Specification

National Standards

(Profiles) Inte rnational Organization

for Standardisation (ISO)

Ope n Ge ospatial Consortium (OGC)

Reference

Deployment Revision

Amendment Amendment

Development

Specific implementation requirement

Implementation and Services

Deployment Revision

National / Re gional Standards

Organisations

(see Figures 5.5, 5.6, 5.7 and 5.8 ) Reference

User Community

Standards Policy Governs

Fig 5-9 A model of a global spatial data standards infrastructure

ISO 19115 - Metadata

Metadata

Basic metadata elements Language Character Set Hierarchy Standard Name Version Date

Metadata Contact

Content Information

Reference System

Metadata Constraints

Responsible Party

Online Service

Citation

Required Conditional / Optional

CSDGM

CEN 287 Metadata Standard

Other Metadata Standards

Data identification information

Extension information Portrayal catalogue

information Application schema

information Data quality information Spatial representation

Distribution information

Fig 5-10 Organization of ISO 19115 metadata standard

CSDHM ISO 19115

Crosswalk

DATA

Intelligent Extraction

Form / Wizard

Text Editor

XML Parser

Form / Wizard Text

Editor

XML Parser

Portrayal

User Metadata Server

Search Engine

Metadata Metadata

Pre-parse r

Form / Wizard

Text Editor

Data Mining

GSML HTML

Automated metadata collection

Manual metadata capture Manual

metadata capture

Data entry Data entry

Formatting in a markup language Encoding in a text file format

Metadata content correction and maintenance

Using metadata

Fig 5-11 Implementing spatial metadata

Fig 5-12 Implementing spatial metadata

Systems Operation Standards

Systems Dev elopment / Management Standards

Enterprise Resource Planning Standards

T echnology viewpoint Application

viewpoint

System s engineering

viewpoint Content

Viewpoint

Workflow / Process viewpoint

Business planning viewpoint Strategic vision

viewpoint

Policy viewpoint

Constraint on Constraint on Govern

Specify

Metadata

viewpoint

Constraint on

Used by Govern

Is part of

Fig 5-13 A model of a standards-based spatial DB system