A Study on the Integration Structure of Urban and Smart Mobility Space

투고일 _2018.08.10 심사기간 _2018.09.01-16 게재확정일 _2018.10.10

A Study on the Integration Structure of Urban and Smart Mobility Space 도시와 스마트 모빌리티 공간의 결합 구조 연구

Lyu, Xin_Spatial Design Major, Graduate School of Hongik University /

Cho, Taigyoun(corresponding author)_Industrial Design Dept., Hongik University, Ph.D., AIA

Contents 1. Introduction

1.1. Background and Purpose of Research 1.2. Method and Scope of Research

2. Urban Spatial Structure Analysis 2.1. Urban Spatial Mechanisms 2.2. Urban Spatial Structure

2.3. Urban Spatial Development in the Direction of Smart

3. The Spatial Significance of Smart Mobility 3.1. Definition of Smart Mobility

3.2. Possibility of Applying Mobility Space in the City 3.3. Smart Mobility Application in Space

4. Integration Structure of Urban Space and Mobility Space 4.1. Relationship Between Space and Mobility Combination

4.2. Structure of Open-type Shared Space and Closed-type Shared Space 4.3. Cities composed of smart mobility space

5. Conclusion

References

A Study on the Integration Structure of Urban and Smart Mobility Space 도시와 스마트 모빌리티 공간의 결합 구조 연구

Lyu, Xin_Spatial Design Major, Graduate School of Hongik University /

Cho, Taigyoun(corresponding author)_Industrial Design Dept., Hongik University, Ph.D., AIA

ABSTRACT It is deemed that research on smart mobile space is conducive to better development of urban resources. This paper will explore the connection modes of urban space and smart mobility, explore more effective development models of smart city, develop new forms of smart space, and combine urban spatial structure theory with big data & Internet of Things technologies as well as the concept of unmanned, so as to explore urban space models adapted to future development.

With the advancement of the city's informatization process, smart cities have begun to enter people's lives, but at present, the construction of smart cities is still under planning, and the smart mobility space is also at the beginning of exploring concept, and people's understanding of it is often limited to the smart technology level. To this end, this paper will study the application of smart city development and smart mobility space from the perspective of urban physical space layout. By understanding the concepts and characteristics of urban spatial structure and smart mobility space, the paper will analyze the function and goal of smart mobility space construction, discuss the relationship between smart mobile space and urban space layout, and then propose the methods and significance for smart mobility space construction. Combining human behavior preferences and the link between urban shared space and smart transportation systems, this study aims to promote the connection between space and people, make efficient use of urban space resources, and make more convenient use of shared space, so as to bring inspiration for more in-depth and broader thinking and researches on urban spatial development model, provide more effective space utilization models. This paper discusses the urban spatial structure from the theoretical level. Analysis of the feasibility of smart mobility space from a technical perspective. Based on smart mobility space move modes and combined with self-driving car technology. And finally propose the concept of closed-type shared space.

스마트 모빌리티 공간의 연구는 도시 자원 개발에 유리하다 본 논문은 도시공간과 스마트 모빌리티의 결합 . 방식을 탐구하고 더욱 유효한 스마트 도시 발전형식을 연구하여 스마트 공간의 새로운 형식을 개발하면서 도 시 공간 구조론과 빅 데이터 사물인터넷 기술 및 무인운전 개념을 결합하여 미래 발전에 적응하는 도시 공간 형식을 탐구하려 한다 도시 정보화의 발전에 따라 스마트 도시는 점차 사람들 생활에 영향을 주기 시작했지 . 만 스마트 도시의 건설은 여전히 구성단계에 있고 스마트 모빌리티 공간의 개념은 초기에 머물러 있으며 사 람들의 이에 관한 이해도는 스마트 기술 측면에 국한 되어있다 본 논문은 도시 실체 공간 분포의 각도로 스 . 마트 도시 발전 및 스마트 모빌리티 공간의 응용을 연구하고 도시 공간 구조와 스마트 모빌리티 공간의 개념 과 특징을 통해 스마트 모빌리티 공간 건설의 작용과 목표를 분석하여 스마트 모빌리티 공간과 도시 공간 분 포의 관계를 탐구하고 더 나아가 스마트 모빌리티 공간 건설의 방법과 의미를 제기한다 인류의 행위 및 도시 . 공유 공간과 스마트 교통 시스템의 연결을 결합하여 공간과 사람의 연결을 촉진함으로 도시 공간 자원을 효 율적으로 이용하고 공간 이용방식을 더욱 편리하게 공유하여 도시 공간 발전 모식의 심화와 광범위한 사고 연구에 계시를 가져다주고 또한 더 유효한 공간 이용 형식을 제공한다 본 논문은 이론적 측면에서 도시 공 , . 간 구조 및 공간 관계에 대해 분석하고 기술적인 관점에서 스마트 모빌리티 공간의 응용 가능성을 연구하였 다 또한 스마트 모빌리티 공간을 기반으로 이동 모델과 무인운전 기술을 결합해 최종적으로는 폐쇄형 공유 . , 공간의 개념을 제시한다.

Keyword

Urban Space Smart Mobility Shared Space Internet of Things Big Data

요약 중심어

도시 공간

스마트 모빌리티

공유 공간

사물인터넷

빅 데이터

1. Introduction

1.1. Background and Purpose of Research

Research on smart mobility space is conducted based on smart cities, and the research on smart city begins with smart buildings. Following the concept of “Smart Growth”

proposed by the United States in 2000, IBM proposed the concept of “Smart City” ¹⁾ in 2008. It believed that smart cities meant more thorough perception, more comprehensive interconnection, and more in-depth intelligence, which triggered an upsurge of smart city construction. Smart city is a high-level form of urban development. Its essence is to make full use of the new generation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to solve various problems in the city, thereby enhancing the quality of urban development. However, the development of urban spatial growth models is also facing the transformation from Aggregate Model to the Dis-aggregate Model, two-dimensional static expression to three-dimensional real-time dynamics, and simple urban change description to in-depth analysis of urban problems. Most of the above contents only consider the operation of a certain type of element, or a certain spatial scale, a single macroscopic or microscopic perspective, what’s more, and the assumptions agreed by each model are not precisely defined ²⁾ , making the models lack of overall architecture and unified standards, and difficult to connect and combine with each other. The research goal of this paper is to establish a set of smart linkage system that optimizes urban spatial structure, so as to allocate spatial resources and social resources more effectively, optimize urban space, and promote the development of smart cities.

1.2. Method and Scope of Research

This paper will discuss from the micro perspective to the macro direction, and analyze the urban system from the composition elements of cities. Then, the paper will summarize the urban development law from the overall system, explore the feasibility of smart mobility space in urban development, summarize the feasible operation mode of digital city, for a unified study on future trend of urban development. Furthermore, based on this, the paper will make in-depth analysis on urban space and establish a unified theoretical system on the influencing factors of urban spatial model, and then build a spatial model that can adapt to a larger scope and more elements on combination of the concept of smart mobility space. The research scope of this thesis includes urban space and intelligent technology. The study of urban space will summarize and organize the urban structure and urban development trends, and provide theoretical basis and material basis for smart mobility space. The study of intelligent technology will discuss the possibility of connecting information technology to the city. From the perspective of urban development, and the relationship between urban function and social needs, combined with communication technology and intelligent transportation technology to study the integration structure of urban and smart mobility space. Better management and use of urban space.

1) Smart city is an urban area that uses different types of electronic data collection sensors to supply information which is used to manage assets and resources efficiently.

2) Page M, Parisel C, Pumain D, Sanders L, Knowledge-based simulation of settlement systems , Computers, 「 」

Environment and Urban Systems, 25(2): 2001, P.172

2. Urban Spatial Structure Analysis 2.1. Urban Spatial Mechanisms

The formation of urban space is comprehensively influenced by the factors of natural terrain and the political, economic, scientific, technological, cultural, ideological and other factors of the society in which it is located <Figure 1>. Natural terrain is the basis for the formation of urban space. Humanity has formed knowledge of urban engineering geology to guide the construction and development of cities in the transformation and utilization of natural terrain. Demand for human behavior is a fundamental factor in the formation of urban space. If the whole city is affected by large-scale terrain, then the formation of urban local space is closely related to people’s behavioral needs. From the

perspective of psychology, Maslow's hierarchy of needs divides the demand from low to high into five levels: physiological needs, security needs, social needs, respect for needs, and self-fulfillment needs ³⁾ . People's needs are potential, as long as the conditions permit, it will be displayed one by one, but only in the different stages of social and economic development, the forms of expression and the means of expression are different.

Cultural ideology is a direct influence on the diversification of urban spatial forms.

People's ideologies include political, religious, and cultural and other subjective factors.

The influence of these factors on urban space is closely related to the subject of their behavior. These subjects of behavior can be divided into individuals, groups, and ruling classes. Their different political and religious beliefs are reflected in their respective spheres of influence. And the spatial forms embody the pursuit of cultural awareness at different levels and in different periods. The development of economy and science and technology has made it possible to change the external forms of urban space. With the continuous advancement of industrialization, the city scale has been continuously enlarged, the building volume has been correspondingly increasing, and the reference scale of urban space has also been transformed from people to automobiles. Therefore, the formation of urban space is a long-term accumulation process. Cities are geographical, economical, social, and cultural regional entities. They are a combination of various human elements and natural elements ⁴⁾ . Here, this paper concludes a structured summary of

3) Janet A. Simons, Donald B. Irwin, Beverly A. Drinnin, Psychology: the search for understanding , West Publishing 『 』 Company, 1987, P.222

4) Young-Woo Nam, Spatial Structure of the City , Paju: Bobmunsa, 2007, P.37 『 』

<Figure 1> Factors in the formation of urban space

<Figure 2> Urban spatial mechanisms

the concept of urban spatial mechanism, that is the city consists of three parts: the individual mechanism, the combination mechanism, and the overall mechanism, forming a hierarchical urban spatial mechanism <Figure 2>. Individual mechanism is the elements of urban composition.

Combination mechanism is the combined structure of each elements. Overall mechanism is the urban space continuum.

2.2. Urban Spatial Structure

The concept of modern urban spatial structure refers to the distribution and connection of urban factors in the spatial scope. It mainly displays as density, layout and urban form.

The so-called urban density is an integration of the density of each component of the city in social, economic, ecological and other systems, These elements include population, building, green area, roads, vehicles, etc., they all show a certain quantity and form their own density in urban space. Urban layout is the law of the distribution and arrangement of various elements in urban space. It forms a multi-level and multi-dimensional forms in the air, ground, and underground.

For example, urban road systems formed by, elevated highways, urban roads underground railways and so on. The urban form refers to the overall form of the urban spatial structure, and is the three-dimensional shape of the city and the image of the urban structure formed by the interaction of urban spatial layout and density. With the rapid development of science and technology and the dense population, the relationship between urban elements is becoming more and more complicated. Cities are more intending to communicate outside, the main features are mainly reflected as:

diversification of functions, smartization of productivity, informatization of development, and integration of construction <Figure 3>.

The core of “Concentric Zone Model” (Ernest Burgess in 1925) of urban spatial structure is to divide city into several living quarters according to the income level, hence, the urban spatial layout forms a concentric circular distribution pattern. The core of the “Sector Model” (Homer Hoyt in 1939) is that the urban space extends from the city center to the periphery. The development of the city starts from the center of the city and radiates outward along the main line of traffic. “Multiple Nuclei Model” (Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman in 1945) believes that big cities do not develop around a single core, but several core functions such as central business districts, wholesale commerce and light industrial districts, heavy industry districts, residential districts and suburban districts, and relatively independent satellite towns. All these together make up the urban area ⁵⁾ .

<Figure 3> Characteristics of modern cities

<Figure 4> Urban spatial structure model

The above theory analyzes the urban spatial distribution structure from different angles.

The spatial structure of modern cities is a multi-element integration of multielement fusion model <Figure 4>. Under the influence of the development of new smart cities, the spatial structure of cities is no longer dependent on the divergence of urban centers.

The spatial structure of cities becomes more variable, mobile, and flexible.

2.3. Urban Spatial Development in the Direction of Smart

As a material carrier of urban development, urban geographical space is a comprehensive reflection of various economic, social and cultural activities of human beings in the geographical space. Therefore, it is essential to optimize urban space and build a more efficient urban spatial structure to promote urban development. The development of city is inseparable to geographical space, so it can be said that the development of urban space is an important part of the geographical space. In addition, space is the place where human beings carry out various social and economic activities. The configuration of space is a product of various human behaviors. According to different principles, different spatial configurations and different scales can be formed. Social development is an intrinsic mechanism that affects the spatial structure of cities. Social relations are the fundamental

cause of social development. The development of urban space depends not only on the material basis of land resources and economy, but also requires the participation of society and people. Urban spatial development trend <Figure 5> from the development of small cities to large cities, the physical space is expanding, people's movements tend to be centralized and form urban centers, and several sub-centers are developed. The emergence of smart cities is expected to be no longer single-fixed urban centers. It will change with people's demand for space and the level of intelligent technology. Therefore, economy is the foundation of development of urban space, while human activities are the driving force of urban space development ⁶⁾ . Therefore, research on urban spatial structure must be based on the theoretical basis of the composition of social relations and the spatial attributes of the social development process.

3. The Spatial Significance of Smart Mobility 3.1. Definition of Smart Mobility

The “smart mobility space” <Figure 6> proposed in this study is the concept of shared space where the fusion intelligence technology is applied in urban space. “Smartness” is the sum of intelligence and ability. It is an artificial intelligence technology with a certain ability. During industrial period, it usually referred to “Automation”, while in modern society, it generally refers to smart computers and smart computing technology.

5) Robert A. Murdie, Factorial Ecology of Metropolitan Toronto 1951-1961 , Univ. of Chicago, Dept. of Geography, 「 」 Research Paper, 1969, P.116

6) Young-Woo Nam, Spatial Structure of the City , Paju: Bobmunsa, 2007, P.110 『 』

<Figure 5> Urban spatial development trend

“Mobility” is the positional deviation on physical properties, and also the exchange of information in the digital space, that is human-computer interaction. Smart mobility space is a space system formed by the integration of smart machines with smart functions and transportation services, that is the integration of terminal functions of existing transportation systems and smart machines, then through the process of network and information storage and computing realize the smart mobility space.

Smart represents the “multi-function” capability that can replace small computers. Smart devices, including smart phones, can implement communications, computing and GPS functions on a single device, and have mobility independent of time and place, as well as the basis for implementing personalized services based on the characteristics of specific users ⁷⁾ . Smart mobility space is the use of electronic information technology to automatically monitor the equipment in the city and traffic attachments, and has a mobile space system that manages information resources and provides users with information service functions <Figure 7>. With the rapid development of information technology, smart terminals such as Internet and smart phones, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), wireless sensors, and video equipment are producing and transmitting vast amounts of data every second. Such “Big Data” is characterized in large-scale and diverse type, which is interconnected and transmitted by Sensor Networks, Social Networks and Communication Networks, and is collected and arranged by network terminal equipment, making it possible to acquire large-scale, high-quality spatio-temporal data on the operation of urban elements. The real-time data of this type of urban operation provides a new perspective for us to describe and use urban space from the microscopic scale, and then provides a new means for the delicate simulation prediction of smart mobility space and the dynamic assessment of planning policies. It is mainly manifested in that the individuals and their spatial position and mobility corresponding to big data are the core of the urban model, which can reflect people's activities and then calculate their demand for urban space, and cover the majority of urban activity subjects, with temporal dynamics. According to the characteristics of smart technologies developed centered on smart machines such as mobile networks, information storage, and compiling functions, smart mobility

7) Dahee Hong, Kyunga Park, Smart Mobility : The Future of Transportation Services , The Korea Transport Institute 「 」 Research Paper, 2011, P.20

<Figure 6> The concept of smart mobility space

<Figure 7> Characteristics of smart service

can be represented as multi-functional, personalized, ubiquitous, means changing, or positional moving seamless ⁸⁾ . In the smart mobility space composed of smart machines, using personal information as its content, and unmanned driving technologies, it can provide a truly comprehensive user service comprehensive system that can realize smart mobility of urban space.

3.2. Possibility of Applying Mobility Space in the City

The construction of smart mobility space needs to address two key factors: smartness and mobility. The rapid development of smart technology and information technology has brought about the arrival of the “big data” era, changed the spatial organization and structure of cities, and made urban space research faced with changes. On the basis of traditional urban spatial research methods, and sorting out the technologies of acquiring and processing large data affecting its transformation, the feasibility of applying big data to the study of urban entities and social space can be summarized from a wide range of aspects including urban hierarchy, traffic, functional areas, features and activities, social relationships, and major events, so as to achieve the construction of urban spatial research system based on big data application. The transformation of urban space research in the era of big data mainly depends on the mining, processing, and application of data on networks or mobile information devices that reflect people's behavior. Applications of smart mobile space technologies include networks, smart devices, positioning systems, transportation systems, unmanned driving, Internet of things, and communications technologies, etc., The acquisition and processing of data is the key to urban space research. It is also the key technology of smart mobility space. The smart mobility space connects space through smart devices, utilizes unmanned technology to achieve space mobility, integrates people and urban space, changes the physical mobility of space, and turns it into a smart mobility space is possible <Figure 8>.

The crowd is the main body of urban space. Changes in crowd behaviors and activities will affect the spatial organization and structure of the city. Research on it is conducive to the study of urban space from the bottom up. With the continuous development of geo- graphic information and computer science, the reliance on collection and analysis of resi- dents' behavior data on information processing software or equipment has gradually in- creased, and the accuracy has greatly increased <Figure 9>. In 2001, Kreitz developed a network GIS software (CHASE-GIS) that collected spatial data. It consists of network maps, activity data input, mobility path calculation, and data analysis and display. In 2007, Ma et al. integrated the LBS-enabled mobile information device (GPS) with a network map, and combined with the family activity log to obtain more accurate residents' spa- tio-temporal activity data. In 2009, based on the advantages of the first two technologies, Papinski et al. designed a residential route selection survey system that integrated GPS, GIS,

8) Taig-Youn Cho, Hyper-Mass Architecture Within a Ubiquitous Space , Chung-Ang University PhD Thesis, 2006, 「 」 P.57

<Figure 8> Physical movement space and smart mobility space

and network logs. Smart devices are the core elements of intelligent mo- bile, functioning as information ter- minals, and can collect and pro- vide traffic information with ve- hicles and passengers ⁹⁾ . The col- lection and analysis of human be- havior data can provide safe and effective data protection for the construction of smart mobility space.

3.3. Smart Mobility Application in Space

The city is a complex spatial system of intensive population, science and technology, economy, and culture. It is mainly characterized on the development and utilization of land resources and the agglomeration of economic benefits. Its intensive, active, and leading features determine that smartness will be the focus of urban development. Advances in information technology have accelerated the exchange of time and space for knowledge, technology, talent, and funding, which changes the spatial pattern of regions and cities.

The application of smart mobility space is composed of two parts:

smart mobile vehicle and smart mobile information technology.

Smart mobility space can coor- dinate the efficient configuration of space and people, and meet different needs in different envi- ronments such as space organ- ization, human activities, and in- formation exchange <Figure 10>.

For urban residents, information technology is accelerating the change in people’s ways of living, working, and leisure, leading to complex changes in spatial mobility, it requires more “smart” urban space organizations, urban technology systems, and urban management systems as support. This requires a smart mobility space model based on big data and the Internet of Things, with the core of urban operational data integration and analysis, for the solution to urban space issues. On the basis of the law of land space expansion reflecting the nature of urban form and structure change, it can achieve dynamic simulation and collaborative allocation of resources in cities, transportation, communities, culture and ecology through the dynamic monitoring, analysis, integration, and utilization of urban factor operational data

<Figure 11>, so as to achieve the purpose of efficient use of urban space. The application of smart mobility space mainly achieves the following three goals for cities: 1, to improve the status of urban operations and development; 2, to optimize spatial layout and resource allocation; 3, to provide smart urban space planning methods. Focusing on the mining and

9) Dahee Hong, Kyunga Park, Smart Mobility : The Future of Transportation Services , The Korea Transport Institute 「 」 Research Paper, 2011, P.22

<Figure 9> Guarantee of smart technology and data technology

<Figure 10> Space organization and human relations

analysis of big data (position data, text data, image data, video data, etc.) generated during the operation of each element, the evaluation of urban space development quality and the actual efficiency of land use will be used to predict future spatial growth trends and scales.

Further, it will optimize and adjust the urban spatial structure and infrastructure, and assist in the planning and construction of urban space.

4. Integration Structure of Urban Space and Mobility Space 4.1. Relationship Between Space and Mobility Combination

The smart interaction between smart devices and vehicles and urban space gives more powerful features to modern urban space, enables the integration of vehicles and urban spaces, and has strong spatial configuration capabilities, computing storage capabilities and information processing capabilities.

The human-to-space moving method <Figure 12>, the physical space move modes currently in common use, and the smart mobility space move modes that can be implemented in the future. Physical space move modes include three ways, walking mode and transportation mode, and network communication mode. The network communication method uses the mobile phone to contact the taxi to reach the space to be traveled. This mobile process also has intelligent technology and Big data and IoT applications but their application is often a single answer mode, that is the point-to-point mode, people send demand information through smart devices (mobile phones or computers) and then analyze and calculate through Big data, then display the corresponding response information, and then pass the person (driver) direct communication link to realize the combination of the person (passenger) and the mobile tool (taxi), passively receive the information service provided by Big data in the whole process, and finally reach the space to be traveled through such service, this thesis this method is called physical space move modes. The smart mobility space move modes are also the same three ways, walking mode and transportation mode and network communication mode, but the difference is that the network communication method is not the person (driver) by the mobile phone but the urban transportation system, that is the point-to-surface mode. Big data and IoT analysis calculates the information of people and space, forming a network of people and space.

In each person's own interpersonal network and space network, people do not need to actively send demand through smart devices (mobile phones or computers) but by the smart devices anytime and anywhere to view vehicle information (shareable driving information, self-driving car is the best choice in the future) and spatial information (shareable spatial information), use Big data information service send response to the IoT when needed, and get multi-faceted responses in the smart mobile space, and gets a response to realize the combination of people and vehicles (all the cars that have

<Figure 11> Smart mobility space model

responded, self-driving car is the best choice in the future), by traffic tool realizes the movement and reaches the space. Actively uses the intelligent technology and network information in the whole process. This paper calls this method is smart mobility space move modes. The main difference between the two mobile methods is the way of interaction in the communication process. Physical space moves connects the smart phone to the person. Smart mobility space moves combines smart phones with network systems.

Smart mobility space usually has powerful computing, storage, and sensing capabilities.

Through interaction, vehicles and smart mobility space can work together to combine the convenience of a vehicle with the convenience of an smart mobility space, thus providing people with safe and convenient shared space services. The relationship between space and mobile is mainly the combination of human and smart mobility. Smart mobility space is an achievable smart city model in the future.

4.2. Structure of Open-type Shared Space and Closed-type Shared Space

The shared space is not the same in all kinds of buildings, but the current shared space is limited in single function and lacks the vitality it needs. This is due in large part to the fact that space is in a fixed position, subject to physical properties. At present, when people use shared space, all reach the destination through the physical space move modes <Figure 12 - Physical Space Moves>, and the space is always in an open state.

This paper calls this form of shared space as an open-type shared space. At current stage, the forms of shared space in cities all belong to open-type shared space <Figure 13 - Open-type Shared Space>. The demand of human behavior is the fundamental factor for the formation of urban space. And human activities are the driving force for the development of urban space. Urban spatial structure research must be based on the theoretical basis of the composition of social relations and the spatial attributes of the social development process. The Closed-type Shared Space <Figure 13 - Closed-type Shared Space> proposed in this paper is based on the interpersonal network and spatial network, combined with smart mobility space move modes <Figure 12 - Smart Mobility Space Moves>, and self-driving car technology to achieve smart and mobile sharing, adding social attributes and intelligent mobility based on spatial physical attributes.

Under the premise that the self-driving car technology is mature in the future. Achieve the mobility of space to people by self-driving car technology, that is to say, the space

<Figure 12> Ways of moving in urban space

can be moved smartly. The methods of sharing between human relationships and the variety of spatial types and movable spatial positions are the characteristics of closed-type shared space.

The structure of open-type shared space and closed-type shared space as shown in

<Figure 13>. All the spaces (S) in the open-type shared space mode are open, and people (P1) reach the space (S) by the physical space move modes. information about whether this space can be used can be obtained after arrival, which greatly reduces space utilization and space use efficiency. In the same way, people (P2, P3) will also have inefficiencies when they reach other spaces (S). In the closed-type shared space mode, the person (P1) obtains the interpersonal network information and the spatial network information by the smart mobility space move modes, and sends a response. Under the premise of the self-driving car technology, all the spaces can be put forward (S) is regarded as a space that can be moved. The space of the car is regarded as a sharable space, that is self-driving shared space, and flexibly invoked through the use of Big data and IoT for the user (P1) service. Similarly, people (P2, P3) call space (S) in their respective networks. Here, the importance of the network is that the owners of all shared spaces are private and therefore more convenient to manage and maintain. The closed-type shared space can promote the connection between space and people, make efficient use of urban space resources, facilitate the use of shared space, and provide a more efficient space utilization model for smart cities.

4.3. Cities composed of smart mobility space

It is the key to combine mobility and smartness for future city development, it can better solve urban problems, traffic problems and so on. Urban smart mobility space uses smart phones, uses mobile technology and grid technology to regulate urban traffic, and relies on wireless communication technology and positioning systems to achieve rapid

<Figure 13> Structure of open-type shared space and closed-type shared space

positioning and dispatch and on-site multimedia information feedback of mobile people or vehicles, so as to achieve real time movable space, and real-time correlation with human needs, as well as real-time correlation between objects and objects, people and people. In this way, it is possible to realize the mobility space requirement at any time and in any place, to exert the maximum effect of the shared space, and to form a new model of urban space. The research scope has been extended from the urban physical space to the urban social space field, and pays more attention to the collection and analysis of human behavior data, therefore, smart city construction can be achieved by guiding the innovation of urban planning methods. Specifically, the application of smart mobility space technology in urban development combined with the concept of closed-type shared space for urban innovation planning to provide ideas and assistance for construction of smart cities is mainly reflected in four aspects: (1) to develop new technologies or use a variety of existing technologies for urban intelligence management and construction. (2) to utilize existing urban systems, and combine population and land use scales and transportation systems to conduct rational spatial allocation through regional sharing models. (3) to use smart devices and intelligent computing technology, and combine urban functional areas, urban transport, urban features, and urban facilities and urban spaces to conduct smart city planning, make the urban space mobility, intelligence, variability, and then increase the utilization of urban space. (4) to use big data and internet of things technology, and combine with human network and travel activity data to analyze human behavioral preferences and build urban spaces that meet human physiology and psychology.

5. Conclusion

The new generation of information technologies and their applications are becoming important driving forces for the development and change of the country, regions, and cities. Smart cities have also become an important strategic choice for national and local governments to promote the intelligentization of new cities and promote sustainable development. In this context, it is necessary to re-examine the role of information technology in the sustainable development of urban society, economy, environment, space and policies. Therefore, on the basis of geography comprehensive analysis and spatial research, we need to learn from and integrate the theories and methods of related disciplines, and systematically analyze the factors, processes and mechanisms of information technology impact on urban space. This paper discusses the urban spatial structure from the theoretical level. Analysis of the feasibility of smart mobility space from a technical perspective. Based on smart mobility space move modes, combined with self-driving car technology, the concept of closed-type shared space is proposed, and develops the principles and objectives of the development model, and constructs a framework for further in-depth research. It is believed that smart mobility space will become a direction for further research on the development models of future smart cities.

At the same time, it will also become the focus of smart city research on how to mine

the multi-dimensional spatio-temporal characteristics of urban activities, environments,

and space under the influence of information technology, and use smart mobile technology

for urban spatial simulation analysis and visualization. In addition, it is also an important

direction for the future research and application of the smart city spatial development

models to explore the urban spatial planning decision support system based on human

activity space and mobility space simulation, and build a public-oriented information sharing platform.

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