Received July 23, 2013/ revised October 6, 2013/ accepted October 22, 2013
Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0)
ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹͷʹȀ ǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵ǤǤʹ͵Ͳ͵
Ǥ ǤǤ
Ꮗቻ♪#♪′#ᦂ⟖Ḛⴖ#⇮⟖ᡣᷣ#ᇚ⛞ⴂ#Ⳃ㬚#⢢㮖#⮮ጪ
୨ ȵச෴ ȵଗপଭ
Kim, Jung Soo*, Kim, Ju Hyung**, Yoon, Sei Eui***
An Experimental Study for Drainage Capacity Improvement of Waterway with Steep Slope
ABSTRACT
In general, the waterway was installed for drain water from steep slope and waterway cover was set up to prevent overflow and water separation at berm of waterway. In this study, hydraulic experiment was conducted to analyze the flow characteristics and enact standard design criteria of the waterway. Hydraulic experimental apparatus which can change the slope of waterway and the length of berm were installed to analyze of flow characteristics at the waterway. The slopes of waterway were 40°, 50°, 60°, and 70° and the range of discharge were 1.0 5.6 ℓ/s. The flow in berm was distinguished two types such as hydraulic jump and splash flow. These kinds of flows depended on the rates of discharge in waterway. When inlet discharge was below 1.12.0 ℓ/s, the separation phenomenon of water was generated at upper and lower portion in berm by the splash flow. The scattering range of water particles and length of water separation was measured depending on the slope of waterway. The start point of scattering was about 20 cm(1.3B) from the place connected upper waterway with brem and the length of water separation was till 210 cm(3.5B) from the place connected lower waterway with brem. Therefore, the waterway cover needed to install from starting of berm to 1B and from the lower part of berm to 3.5B.
Key words : Waterway cover, Waterway, Berm, Water separation
Ⅹಾ
ᯝၹᱢᮝಽࠥᙹಽ۵ɪĞᔍᔍ໕ᨱᕽၽᔾࡹ۵ᮁ⇽ప᮹႑ᙹෝ᭥⦹ᩍᖅ⊹ࡹ۵Ǎ᳑ྜྷᯕ໑, ᯕ్⦽ࠥᙹಽᨱᕽ᮹ᬵඹၰᮁᙹᯕ┩ᮥႊḡ
⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍᗭ݉ᇡᨱࠥᙹಽߏ}ෝᖅ⊹⦹Łᯩ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵እ┩໕᮹႑ᙹᨱᵲ⦽Ǎ᳑ྜྷᯕࠥᙹಽᨱᕽ᮹⮱✚ᖒၰǍℕᱢᯙᖅĥ
ʑᵡᮥᱽ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍᙹญᝅ⨹ᩑǍෝᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ࠥᙹಽᨱᕽ᮹⮱✚ᖒᮥᇥᕾ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍࠥᙹಽ᮹Ğᔍ᪡ᗭ݉ʙᯕ᮹ᄡ⪵aa܆⦽
ᙹญᝅ⨹ᙹಽෝᱽ᯲⦹Ł, ᮁ᯦ᮁపᮥᄡ⪵⍽a໕ᕽᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥᝅ⦹ᩡ݅. ࠥᙹಽ᮹Ğᔍ۵40°, 50°, 60°, 70°ಽᄡĞ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᝅ⨹ᮁ
ప᮹ჵ᭥۵1.05.6 ℓ/sಽᖁᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. ᙹญᝅ⨹đŝࠥᙹಽԕಽᮁ⦹ࡹ۵ᮁపᨱᗭ݉ԕ⮱ᮡࠥᙹ⮱ŝ⛱ᮝಽǍᇥࡹᨩᮝ໑,
ࠥᙹಽĞᔍᨱ1.12.0 ℓ/s ᯕ⦹᮹ᮁపᯕᮁ⦹ࢁĞᬑ᮹⛱⮱ᮡᗭ݉᮹ᔢᇡ᪡⦹ᇡᨱᕽbbᮁᙹᯕ┩ᮥၽᔾ┅۵ᬱᯙᮝಽ❱
݉ࡽ݅. ੱ⦽ࠥᙹಽԕ᮹ྜྷ᯦ᯱእᔑÑญ۵ࠥᙹಽĞᔍᄡ⪵ෝŁಅ⦹ᩍᝅ⊂⦽đŝᗭ᯲݉ᱱᮝಽᇡ░᧞20 cm(1.3B)ḡᱱᇡ░᯲ࡹ
ᨩᮝ໑, ⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽ᮹Ğᔍᄡ⪵ᨱᝅ⊂ࡽᮁᙹᯕ┩Ñญ۵ᗭ݉⦹ᇡಽᇡ░3.5Bḡᱱʭḡӹ┡ԍ݅. ᕽᗭ᯲݉ḡᱱᮝಽᇡ░1Bḡ ᱱᨱᕽᗭ݉⦹ᇡಽᇡ░3.5B ḡᱱʭḡࠥᙹಽߏ}ෝᖅ⊹⦹ᩍᮁᙹᯕ┩ᨧᯕᮁᙹෝᮁ⦹┍ᙹᯩ۵äᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅.
áᔪᨕ ࠥᙹಽߏ}, ࠥᙹಽ, ᗭ݉, ᮁᙹᯕ┩
սėॡ
1. ᕽು
↽ɝࠥ⪵᪡ᯕᔢʑ⬥ᨱෙࠥԕḲᵲ⪙ᬑ᮹ᩢ⨆ᮝಽ
ࠥᝍḡ⋉ᙹ⦝⧕a᷾a⧉ᨱᯙǍ᪡ᰍᔑᯕḲᵲࡽࠥᝍḡ
႑ᙹᖅ᮹ᵲᖒᯕๅᬑ⍅ḡŁᯩ݅. ࠥᝍḡᨱᕽvᬑᨱ᮹⦽
⢽໕ᮁ⇽᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥᮡࠥಽෝ☖⧕႑ᱽࡹŁᯩ݅. ᕽࠥᝍḡ
ࠥಽ႑ᙹᖅᖅĥʑᵡᮡəᵲࠥa✚⯩Ⓧ݅Ł⧁ᙹᯩ݅.
✚⯩, ᬑญӹ᪡zᯕǎ☁ݡᇡᇥᮥᔑḡa₉ḡ⦹Łᯩ۵Ğᬑ
ࠥಽෝ }ᖅ⦹Ñӹ ᵝ┾Õᖅ ᇡḡ ॒ᮥ ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ ᔑḡෝ
ᱩ}⦹۵Ğᬑaฯ݅. ᯕ్⦽ᱩ}ḡᨱᕽ۵ᔍ໕᮹ᦩᱶᮥʑ⦹۵
äᯕྕᨨᅕ݅ᵲ⦹အಽḡ⢽ᙹᮁ⇽ᨱ᮹⦽ᔍ໕ᇶƕෝႊḡ⦹
ʑ᭥⦹ᩍእ┩໕႑ᙹᖅᮥᖅ⊹⦹Łᯩ݅. ə్ӹ↽ɝࠥಽ
⋉ᙹ⦝⧕᮹ฯᮡĞᬑaࠥಽᱩ}ḡ႑ᙹᖅ᮹ၙᖅ⊹ၰᖅĥʑ ᵡ᮹༉⪙⧉ᨱෙᇡᝅŖ᮹ᬱᯙᮝಽᔍ໕ᇶƕၰࠥಽ⋉ᙹ⦝
⧕ෝᮁၽ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᮥᅕᯕŁᯩᮝ໑, ᝍ⦽Ğᬑࠥᝍ᮹ᔑᔍ┽
⦝⧕ಽᯕᨕḡŁᯩ۵ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ᕽእ┩ᮥ⮱۵ᬑᙹෝ
႑ᱽ⦹۵ እ┩໕ ႑ᙹᖅ᮹ ᩎ⧁ᯕ ๅᬑ ᵲ⦹݅. ᯕ᪡ zᯕ
እ┩໕႑ᙹᖅ᮹ᵲᖒᨱࠥᇩǍ⦹Łእ┩໕ᨱᖅ⊹ࡹ۵႑ᙹ Ǎ᳑ྜྷᨱᕽ᮹ᙹญ✚ᖒᇥᕾၰᖅ⊹ʑᵡᨱš⦽ᩑǍaᇡ᳒⦽
ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ᕽɪĞᔍእ┩໕ᨱᖅ⊹ࡹ۵႑ᙹǍ᳑ྜྷ᮹ᬑᙹ
႑ᱽ܆ಆᮥ᷾a⍽እ┩ᔍ໕᮹ᦩᱶၰእ┩໕ᇶƕෝᩩႊ⧁
ᙹᯩ۵እ┩໕႑ᙹǍ᳑ྜྷ᮹ᱢᱶᖅĥʑᵡᯕ⦥⦹݅. ᬒᯕ
ᱩ}ḡɪĞᔍእ┩໕᮹ᵝ႑ᙹᖅಽᖅ⊹ࡹ۵ࠥᙹಽᨱᕽ᮹
ᮁᙹᯕ┩ၰᬵඹ⩥ᔢᮡእ┩໕ᇶƕ᮹ᵝᬱᯙᯕအಽࠥᙹಽᨱ ᕽ᮹ᬑᙹ႑ᱽ܆ಆ᷾ݡၰᮁᙹᯕ┩᮹₉݉ᮥ᭥⦽⧊ญᱢᯙ
ᖅĥႊჶŝᖅ⊹ʑᵡᮥᱽ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍࠥᙹಽၰᗭ݉ᇡᨱᕽ᮹
⮱ ✚ᖒ᮹ ᇥᕾᮡ ⦥⦹݅.
⪮⏊᮹Drainage Services Department(2000)ᨱᕽ۵ᔍ໕᮹
႑ᙹᨱ š⦽ ᯝၹᱢᯙ ᖅĥ ႊჶᮥ ᱽ⦹Ł ɪĞᔍ ᔍ໕ᨱᕽ
ĥ݉ᙹಽ(stepped channel)᮹ᖅ⊹ၰᖅĥʑᵡᮥᱽ⦹ᩡᮝ ໑, Hui et al.(2006)ᮡ⪮⏊ԕᵝእ┩ᔍ໕᮹ᮁᝅᔍŁෝ᳑ᔍ⦹
ᩍእ┩ᔍ໕᮹⢽໕႑ᙹၰݡ₦᮹ᇡ᳒⦽ᇡᇥᮥᱽ⦹Łʑ᳕
እ┩໕᮹ᮁᝅŝɪĞᔍᇶƕෝᮁၽ⦹۵႑ᙹಽԕ᮹ႊ⧕ྜྷᨱ
ݡ⦽ᖅĥ, ᙹಽ⊂ᄞ⋉ᮥᮁၽ⦹۵ḡၹᨱᯙᱲ⦽႑ᙹಽ᮹
ᇩ∊ᇥ⦽ᖅĥ, splashingᮥᮁၽ⦹۵ᗭ⩶႑ᙹಽ᮹ᖅĥ॒᮹
}ᖁࡹᨕ⧁᳑⧎ᨱݡ⦽á☁ෝḥ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. Halcrow Group (2007) ᨱᕽ۵ᙹ⠪႑ᙹŖჶ᮹ᱢᬊᨱෙእ┩໕}ᖁᔍಡෝ
᳑ᔍ⦹ᩍᙹ⠪႑ᙹŖჶ᮹ᖅĥႊჶᮥᇥᕾ⦹Łᙹ⠪႑ᙹŖᖅ⊹
ෝ ᭥⦽ᙹ⠪ ႊ⨆ ⇵ʑᚁॅŝ ᮁḡᅕᙹ ʑᚁॅᮥᖅ⦹Ł
šಉྙ⨭ᮥᱽ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽Yu et al.(2008)ᮡࠥᝍḡɪĞᔍ
ᔍ໕ᨱᖅ⊹ࡹ۵ĥ݉ᙹಽ᮹ᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥᝅ⦹ᩍĥ݉ᙹಽ ᨱᕽ᮹⮱⧕ᕾᮥᝅ⦹Ł⡎ᬑᨱࠥĥ݉ᙹಽ᮹႑ᙹa
a܆⦽}ᖁᦩᮥᱽ⦹ᩡ݅. ǎԕᨱᕽ۵Hwang(2004)ᯕḡၹ
᳑ÕᄥಽÕʑ᪡ᬑʑᨱǎԕႊʑᵡᨱᕽ ᱽᦩ⦹Łᯩ۵
☁ᔍእ┩໕᮹⢽ᵡĞᔍ᮹ᦩᱶᖒᮥá☁⦹ᩍእ┩໕᮹⢽ᵡĞᔍa
Õʑᨱ۵ᱥℕá☁ݡᔢ᳑Õᨱݡ⦹ᩍ᧞50% ᯕᔢ, ᬑʑᨱ۵
᧞65% ᯕᔢᯕʑᵡᦩᱥᮉᨱၙݍ⦹۵⩥ᖅĥʑᵡ᮹ྙᱽᱱᮥ
ḡᱢ⦹Łݡ₦ᙹพᮥ᭥⦽ႊᦩᮝಽᔑษ⊂Ǎ᪡ᔢᇡ႑໕ḡၹ
ᯙᱲᇡᨱ ݡ⦽ ᄥࠥ᮹ ᅕ⪙ᖅĥ ၰ ᮁḡšญ ݡ₦᮹ ⦥ᖒᮥ
ᱽᦩ⦹ᩡ݅. Lee and Kim(2008)ᮡእ┩໕ᨱᕽ᮹ḡ⢽ᙹa⊂Ǎ
॒᮹႑ᙹಽԕಽᮁ⦹⦹Łࠥᙹಽᨱᕽ᮹ᮁᙹᯕ┩ᮥᱡq⦹ʑ
᭥⦹ᩍᯱഭᙹḲŝᇥᕾၰ༉⩶ᝅ⨹ᮥᝅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, እ┩໕Ğᔍ
ᗭ݉ᇡᨱᕽ᮹ᮁᙹᯕ┩ᮥႊḡ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽᗭ݉⦹ඹĞᔍǍeᨱᕽ
ᮁᙹႊ⨆ᄡ⪹Ǎ᳑aݍฑߏ}a⬉ŝᱢᯥᮥá☁⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ᪡
zᯕእ┩໕႑ᙹᖅྜྷԕ⮱✚ᖒᨱš⦽ᩑǍ᪡ᮁᙹᯕ┩ႊḡ
ᖅĥʑᵡᨱš⦽ᩑǍ۵ḥ⧪ࡹŁᯩᮝӹࠥᙹಽԕ᮹⮱✚ᖒ
ၰᮁᙹᯕ┩ᮥႊḡ⧁ᙹᯩ۵ᝅ᷾ᱢᯕŁǍℕᱢᯙᩑǍ۵ๅᬑ
ၙ⯂⦽ ᝅᱶᯕ݅.
ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᯝၹᱢᮝಽᖅ⊹ၰŖࡹ۵እ┩໕႑ᙹᖅ
ᵲ ࠥᙹಽᨱᕽ᮹ ႑ᙹ⬉ᮉ á☁ ၰ }ᖁᮥ ᭥⦹ᩍ Ministry of Construction & Transportation(2001) ᨱᱽࡹᨕᯩ۵ࠥᙹಽ᮹
Ǎ᳑⢽ᵡࠥၰᯝၹᱢᯙᖅĥႊჶᮥ᳑ᔍ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽⩥ᰆ᳑ᔍෝ
ᝅ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰆᨱᕽᝅᱽŖࡹ۵እ┩໕႑ᙹᖅ᮹Ǎ᳑ෝ❭ᦦ
⦹Ł ࠥᙹಽ᮹ ⩶ᔢ ၰ Ⓧʑෝ ᳑ᔍ⦹ᩍ ⩥ᰆᱢᬊᨱ ⧊ญᱢᯙ
ᙹญᝅ⨹ᰆ⊹ᱽ᯲ŝᝅ⨹᳑Õᮥᖁᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. ᖁᱶࡽᝅ⨹᳑Õᨱ ᕽᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥᝅ⦹ᩍࠥᙹಽᨱᕽ᮹⮱ᔢ┽ෝ❭ᦦ⦹Łࠥᙹ ಽᗭ݉ᨱᕽ᮹⮱ᮥ⛱⮱ŝࠥᙹ⮱ᮝಽǍᇥ⦹ᩍᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ
݅. ੱ⦽ ᗭ݉ᇡᨱᕽ ᮁᙹa ᯕ┩⦹۵ ⩥ᔢᮡ ᵝಽ ⛱⮱ᨱᕽ
ࠥᙹಽ᪡ᗭ݉ᇡᨱᕽᮁᙹᯕ┩᮹ၽᔾḡᱱᮥ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᯕ్
⦽ᮁᙹᯕ┩⩥ᔢᮥႊḡ⦹ʑ᭥⦽ࠥᙹಽᗭ݉ߏ}᮹ᖅ⊹᭥⊹᪡
Ⓧʑෝᱽ⦹ᩡ݅. ᱽࡽࠥᙹಽߏ}ʑᵡᮡࠥḡᩎ᮹ࠥಽ
႑ᙹᖅ᮹ ᖅĥᨱᕽ እ┩໕᮹ᇶƕ ႊḡ ၰᮁḡšญᨱ Ḣᱲ
ᔍᬊ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᮥ äᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.
2. ྙ⨭᳑ᔍၰ⩥ᰆ᳑ᔍ
2.1 ࢂෝॷ
ɪĞᔍእ┩໕႑ᙹ᮹ᵲǍ᳑ྜྷᯙࠥᙹಽ᮹ᖅĥၰŖᨱ
š⦽ᯝၹᔍ⧎ᮥ❭ᦦ⦹Łᝅ᷾ᱢᯙᝅ⨹᳑Õᮥᖁᱶ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍ
ǎԕࠥᙹಽᖅĥᨱš⦽ྙ⨭᳑ᔍෝᝅ⦹ᩡ݅. Ministry of Construction & Transportation(2001)ᨱᕽࠥᙹಽෝי໕႑ᙹ
ᖅಽḲᙹࡽྜྷᮥᙹಽੱ۵ࠥಽᇡಽᮁ⇽┅໑, ⩥ᰆ┡ᖅ
⎹Ⓧญ✙ಽʮʑᇡੱ۵ʑᇡእ┩໕ᨱᖅ⊹⦹۵Ǎ᳑ྜྷಽᱶ᮹
(a) Water Separation from Waterway (b) Loss of Gutter Ability by Debris Fig. 1. Field Investigation of Waterways
⦹Łᯩ݅. ࠥᙹಽ᮹ᵝᄡᮡ⎹Ⓧญ✙ಽᅕ⪙⦹Ł⋉ࡽ☁ᔍӹ
ᔾ ॒᮹ ᮁ᯦ᨱ ᮹⦽ ☖ᙹʑ܆ ᱡ⦹ෝ ႊḡ⦹ࠥಾ ᱽᦩ⦹Ł
ᯩᮝ໑, ᗭ݉႑ᙹ۵እ┩໕ᨱ⮱۵ኸྜྷᯕӹᬊ⇽ᙹᨱ᮹⦽እ┩
໕᮹⋉ᮥႊḡ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ᖅ⊹⦹໑ᗭ݉႑ᙹǍ۵ᗭ݉ʙᯕa
3 m ᯕᔢʕᗭ݉ᨱᖅ⊹⦹۵äᯕၵ௭Ḣ⦽äᮝಽ᳑ᔍࡹᨩ݅.
Ministry of Construction & Transportation(2003)ŝMinistry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs(2012) ᨱᕽࠥᙹಽ ۵ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽ⩥ᰆ┡ᖅ⎹Ⓧญ✙ಽᖅ⊹⦹ࠥಾࡹᨕᯩᮝ໑, Ğᔍa1:1ᅕ݅ɪ⦽Ŕŝእ┩ญᨱᕽ1ⴇ2 m᮹ǍeᯕӹĞᔍᄡ
⪵ᱱ॒᮹ࠥᙹಽ۵ྜྷᯕ⛡ᨕ᪅ෝᬑಅaᯩᮝအಽߏ}᮹ᖅ⊹ෝ
Ǎ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ə్ӹ ᝅᱽ י໕ᙹෝ ႑ᙹ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ ᖒ☁ᇡᨱ
ᖅ⊹ࡹ۵ࠥᙹಽᨱᕽ۵እ┩໕᮹❭ƕaၽᔾ⦹ḡᦫ۵݅. ə
ᯕᮁ۵ࠥᙹಽaᖅ⊹ࡹ۵᭥⊹aᖅĥኩࠥᨱ᮹⧕ၽᔾ⦹۵י໕ ᙹෝ∊ᇥ⯩ᗭ☖┍ᙹᯩࠥಾᱢᱩ⦽eĊᯕᮁḡࡹʑভྙᯕ݅.
⦹ḡอᱩ☁ᇡᨱᕽ۵Ḳᵲ⪙ᬑᨱ᮹⦽ᔍ໕ᇶƕಽࠥಽa₉݉ࡹ
Ñӹ⦹۵⦝⧕ᔍಡaᯱᵝၽᔾ⦽݅. ᕽእ┩໕᮹᪅༊⦽
ᇡᇥᮥ⬂݉⦹ᩍ⮺ʮʑ⦹۵Ğᬑᨱ۵Ḳᵲ⪙ᬑᨱ᮹⧕☁ᕾᮥ
⡍⧉⦽ᬑᙹaḢᱲࠥಽᨱ⮹్ॅᨕiᬑಅaᯩᮝအಽḲᙹǍᩎ ԕ᮹ḡ⩶ŝḡḩၰḡ⢽ᔢ┽॒ᮥ᳑ᔍ⦹ᩍᮁ⦹ᙹ᮹ᮁᖙෝ
ਉᨕஉญŁᮁ⦹ᙹෝᱢݚ⦽ᙹಽʭḡᯕҭᨕ⦹۵äᮝಽ
ࡹᨕᯩ݅.
ੱ⦽Jun(1995)ŝHousing Corporation(2006) ၰKorea Land Corporation(2006) ॒᮹እ┩໕႑ᙹᖅᨱᕽࠥᙹಽ۵Ŗᖒŝ
Ğᱽᖒၰᮁḡšญaᬊᯕ⦽℁ɝ⎹Ⓧญ✙U⩶ᮥaᰆฯᯕᔍᬊ
⦹Ł ᯩᮝӹᮁᗮᯕ ዉ ႑ᙹǍԕ ᧞e᮹ ᰆᧁྜྷᨱ᮹⧕ᕽࠥ
⛱⮱ᯕၽᔾ⦹۵äᮝಽ⠪aࡽ݅. ᯕಽᯙ⧕႑ᙹǍ᪡እ┩ᔍ໕ ᮹ᱲ⧊໕ᮥᖙǕ⍽እ┩ᨕˉᇶƕ᮹ᬱᯙᯕࡹ۵Ğᬑࠥᯩ۵
äᮝಽ❱݉⦹Łᯩ݅. ᯕ᪡zᯕ᳑ᔍࡽǎԕ᮹bᖅʑᵡॅᮡ
ࠥᙹಽ, ᗭ݉႑ᙹᖅၰࠥᙹಽߏ}᮹⦥ᖒŝʑᅙᱢᯙᮁḡš ญᔢᵝ᮹ᱱ॒ᨱݡ⦽}ఖᱢᯙԕᬊᮥ⦹ŁᯩᮥᐱǍℕᱢᯙ
ᖅĥʑᵡ(ᖅĥᮁప, ࠥᙹಽߏ}᮹ᖅ⊹᭥⊹ၰⓍʑ)ᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵
ʑᚁࡹᨕᯩḡᦫᮡäᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ᕽᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ɪĞᔍ
ᔍ໕᮹႑ᙹ܆ಆᮥ᷾ݡ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍᖅ⊹ࡹ۵႑ᙹǍ᳑ྜྷ᮹ᝅᱽᱢ ᯙྙᱽᱱŝ}ᖁႊ⨆ᮥࠥ⇽⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍ⩥ᰆ᳑ᔍෝᝅ⦹ᩡ݅.
2.2 ෮ୋॷ
ᯝၹᱢᮝಽɪĞᔍᔍ໕ᨱᖅ⊹ࡹ۵ࠥᙹಽ᮹⮱✚ᖒᮥᇥᕾ
⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍĞʑࠥᙹᬱᩢ☖ǍŲƱ࠺ᯝݡ10}ḡᱱŝᰆᦩǍ
❭ᰆ࠺ᯝݡ10}ḡᱱၰᦩᔑ݉ᬱǍᬱł࠺ᯝݡ5}ḡᱱᨱ
ݡ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰆ᳑ᔍෝᝅ⦹ᩡ݅. ⩥ᰆ᳑ᔍđŝࠥᙹಽԕᰆᧁྜྷ
ੱ۵ ᱲ⧊ ᇩపᮝಽ ᯙ⦹ᩍ ᮁᙹa ࠥᙹಽෝ ᯕ┩⦹۵ Ğᬑa
Fig. 1(a)᪡zᯕၽᔾ⦹۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ᯕ┩ࡽᮁᙹ۵ࠥᙹಽ ᮹ ᵝᄡᇡෝ ᖙǕ⍽ እ┩໕ ᇶƕ᮹ ᬱᯙᯕ ࢁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ᯕᨱ
ࠥಽ႑ᙹᖅᖅĥၰᮁḡšญḡ⋉ᨱᕽ۵ࠥᙹಽ᮹ĞᔍaɪĊ
⯩ᄡ⪵⦹۵Ğᬑᨱ۵ߏ}(૽̲)ෝᖅ⊹⦹ࠥಾȽᱶ⦹Łᯩᮝӹ
ᔢݚᙹࠥᙹಽǍeᨱᕽߏ}᮹ᖅ⊹a⦥⧉ᨱࠥᇩǍ⦹Łࠥᙹ ಽߏ}aᖅ⊹ࡹᨕᯩḡᦫ۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ᯕ۵ᮁᙹᯕ┩
ႊḡෝ᭥⦽ᗭ݉ߏ}᮹Ǎℕᱢᯙᖅ⊹᭥⊹ၰȽ༉aᱽࡹḡ
ᦫᦥᕽᖅĥᯱӹŖᯱ᮹ᵝšᱢᯙ❱݉⦹ᨱᖅ⊹ࡹʑভྙᯕ
❱݉ࡽ݅.
⊂Ǎ۵ḡ⢽ᙹaእ┩໕ᮝಽᮁ⦹ࡹ۵äᮥႊḡ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᔑษ
ੱ۵ᗭ݉ᨱᖅ⊹⦹۵႑ᙹǍ᳑ྜྷᯕ໑, ᮁ⦹ࡹ۵⢽໕ᙹෝḲᙹ
⦹ᩍࠥᙹಽ᪡zᮡᙹಽಽᮁࠥ⦹۵ᖅྜྷᯕŁ⧁ᙹᯩ݅.
⊂Ǎ۵20.0 m ᯕᔢ᮹দʮʑእ┩໕, ᗭ݉3.0 m ᯕᔢᨱᕽᗭ݉᮹ Ҿᇡᇥ50.0 cm ḡᱱᨱU⩶ ⊂Ǎ(ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ300 × 300) ෝᖅ⊹
⦹ᩍᬑᙹ॒ᨱ᮹⦹ᩍእ┩໕ᯕ⋉ࡹÑӹ⪽࠺⦹۵äᮥႊḡ⦽
݅. ᳦݉Ğᔍᨱ ႑ᙹญ ⦹۵ äᮥ ᬱ⊺ᮝಽ ⦹Ł 20.0 m ᯕᔢদʮʑǍeᯕҾӹ۵Ŕᨱᕽ۵ᔑษ⊂Ǎ᪡ᩑđੱ۵
ႊඹ⦹ᩍእ┩໕ᯕᮁᝅࡹḡᦫࠥಾᖅ⊹⦽݅. ə్ӹFig. 1(b)᪡
zᮡ⊂Ǎ᮹ĞᬑᩎĞᔍၰ♕ᱢࡽᮁᔍᨱ᮹⧕⊂Ǎ᮹ʑ܆ᮥ
(a) Front View (b) Side View Fig. 2. Hydraulic Apparatus of Waterways
ᔢᝅ⦹ᩍᮁᙹaᬵඹ⦹ᩍእ┩໕ᮥ⋉┅۵Ğᬑaၽᔾ⦹۵
äᮝಽ᳑ᔍࡹᨩ݅. əญŁ⊂Ǎᨱᕽ۵ᮁᙹ᮹ႊ⨆ᯕɪĊ⯩ၵѭ ۵Ǎeᯕ᳕ᰍ⦹ḡอߏ}aᖅ⊹ࡹᨕᯩḡᦫᦥᮁᙹa⊂Ǎෝ
ᬵඹ⦹۵༉ᮥ⪶ᯙ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽ࠥᙹಽ᪡ᩑđࡹ۵ᔑษ⊂Ǎ ᮹Ğᬑࠥᙹಽ᪡ᩑđࡹ۵ᇡᇥᨱฯᮡ᧲᮹ᮁᔍੱ۵ᇡᮁᰂྜྷॅ
ᯕ Ḳᱢࡹᨕ ⮱ᮥ ႊ⧕⦹۵ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
⩥ᰆ᳑ᔍđŝᨱᕽᙹᯩॐᯕእ┩໕႑ᙹᖅ᮹႑ᙹ܆ಆᮥ
ᱡq┅Ñӹᙹಽᇡᨱᕽ᮹ᮁᙹᯕ┩ၰᬵඹಽᯙ⧕እ┩໕ᇶƕ
ෝᮁၽ┅۵ᗭ۵݅᧲⦹ḡอእ┩໕ࠥᙹಽ᮹ᩢ⨆ᯕaᰆ
ⓕäᮝಽ❱݉ࡹᨕɪĞᔍእ┩໕᮹ࠥᙹಽĞᔍၰᗭ݉ʙᯕ᮹
ᄡ⪵ᨱෙ႑ᙹ⮱✚ᖒᇥᕾᨱⅩᱱᮥ฿⇵ᨕᙹญᝅ⨹ᰆ⊹ෝ
ᱽ᯲⦹Ł ᝅ⨹᳑Õᮥ ᖁᱶ⦹ᩡ݅.
3. ᙹญᝅ⨹ᰆ⊹ၰ᳑Õ
ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ࠥᙹಽၰᗭ݉ᨱᕽ᮹⮱✚ᖒᇥᕾᮥ᭥⦹ᩍ
ᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥ ᝅ⦹ᩡ݅. ᝅ⨹ᨱ ᔍᬊࡽ ࠥᙹಽ۵ Ministry of Construction & Transportation(2001)ᨱᱽࡽࠥᙹಽ⢽ᵡ݉໕
600 mm × 500 mm (B×H) ᮥᖁ┾⦹ᩍ1/4ಽ⇶ᗭ⦹ŁᦥⓍตᮥ
ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⡎150 mm, ׳ᯕ125 mm᮹ࠥᙹಽᙹญ༉⩶ᮥᱽ᯲⦹ᩡ
݅. ߏ}aᖅ⊹ࡹ۵ᗭ݉ᮡእ┩໕᮹׳ᯕa6 m᷾a⧁ভษ݅
ᖅ⊹ෝ⦹ࠥಾ⦹Ł ᯩᮝအಽࠥᙹಽ᮹↽ݡʙᯕ۵ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ
6 m ᯕ݅. ᕽᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ࠥᙹಽʙᯕෝ1.6 mಽ2}ᱽ᯲⦹
ᩍᔢᇡࠥᙹಽ᪡⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽಽǍᇥ⦹ᩍᖅ⊹⦹Łᔢᇡ᪡⦹ᇡ᮹
ࠥᙹಽ ᱲ⧊Ǎeᨱ۵ ᗭ݉ᮥ ᖅ⊹⦹ᩡ݅(Fig. 2).
Ministry of Construction & Transportation(2001) ᨱᕽᗭ݉ᮡ
⡎3 m ᯕᔢᯕࡹࠥಾᖅ⊹⦹۵äᮥȽᱶ⦹Łᯩᮝӹ⩥ᰆ᳑ᔍ
đŝݡᇡᇥ᮹ᗭ݉ᯕ3 m ᯕ⦹ᯙäᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ᕽᅙ
ᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᗭ݉ʙᯕaๅᬑ݅᧲⦽ჵ᭥ᨱᕽ᳕ᰍ⦹۵äᮥၹᩢ
⦹ᩍᙹญᝅ⨹༉⩶ᨱᕽ᮹ᗭ݉ʙᯕෝࠥᙹಽ⡎(B)ᨱ2, 3, 4, 5႑ಽᱽ᯲⦹ᩡ݅. ༉⩶᮹ᗭ݉⡎5B۵ᝅᱽእ┩໕ᨱᕽ᮹ᗭ݉
⡎ 3 mෝ ᮹ၙ⦽݅. ੱ⦽ ࠥᙹಽ ߏ} ʑᵡ ᱽෝ ᭥⦽ ᝅ⨹
᳑Õᮡᮁ᯦ᮁప, ࠥᙹಽĞᔍၰᗭ݉᮹ʙᯕᄡ⪵ᯕ݅. ᮁ᯦
ᮁపᮡ ᖅĥ vᬑ᪡ Ḳᙹ໕ᱢ ॒ᨱ ᮹⧕ đᱶࡹ໑, ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ
ࠥಽ႑ᙹᖅ᮹Ğᬑvᬑ᮹ᖅĥኩࠥ۵5ⴇ10֥ᯕ݅. ə్ӹ
ࠥᙹಽ᮹ᮁᩎ໕ᱢᮡๅᬑ݅᧲⦹ʑভྙᨱᝅ⨹ᮁపᮥđᱶ⦹۵
äᮡ⦽ĥaᯩ݅. ੱ⦽ᮁᙹaࠥᙹಽෝᯕ┩⦹ᩍ⦝⧕aၽᔾ⦹í
ࡹ۵Ğᬑ۵ݡᇡᇥᖅĥʑᵡᨱᕽᱽࡽ ᖅĥኩࠥ᮹vᬑᅕ݅
ⓑvᬑᨱᕽၽᔾ⦹۵äᯕᯝၹᱢᯕ݅. ᕽᮁ᯦ᮁపᮡᱡᮁప ᨱᕽŁᮁపᮝಽᝅ⨹ᮁపᮥ᷾a⍽a໕ᕽᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅.
ࠥᙹಽ᮹ Ğᔍ۵ b ᖅĥʑᵡᨱᕽ᮹ ʑእ┩໕, ʮʑእ┩໕ᨱ
ݡ⦽⢽ᵡĞᔍෝ᳑ᔍ⦽đŝ40°ⴇ70° ჵ᭥ԕᨱ༉ࢱ᳕ᰍ⦹Ł
ᯩᮭᮥ⪶ᯙ⦹ᩡ݅. ᕽᅙᙹญᝅ⨹ᨱᕽᖁ┾⦽ࠥᙹಽ᮹Ğᔍ ۵40°, 50°, 60°, 70°᮹4aḡෝᖁᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. ᗭ݉ʙᯕ۵ᦿᕽ
ʑᚁ⦽ၵ᪡zᯕᖅĥʑᵡᨱᕽᱽ⦽äŝ۵ᔢᯕ⦹í݅᧲⦽
ᗭ݉ʙᯕa᳑ᔍࡹᨩᮝအಽࠥᙹಽ⡎ᨱݡ⦽ᗭ݉ʙᯕ᮹ᄡ⪵ෝ
Table 1. Experimental Conditions
Type Conditions
Inflow rate 1.0 䶝/s ~ 5.6 䶝/s Upper and lower
waterway slope 40쥩, 50쥩, 60쥩, 70쥩
Length of berm 30 cm(2B), 45 cm(3B), 60 cm(4B), 75 cm(5B)
(a) Hydraulic Jump Flow (b) Splash Flow
Fig. 3. Flow Draft at Berm of Waterway
Łಅ⦹ᩍ 30 cm(2B), 45 cm(3B), 60 cm(4B), 75 cm(5B)ಽ
ᄡ⪵⎑݅(Table 1).
4. ᝅ⨹đŝ
4.1 ীۚٛࠝ࣡ฃ
ᯝၹᱢᮝಽࠥᙹಽᨱᗭ݉ᯕ᳕ᰍ⦹۵Ğᬑᔢᇡࠥᙹಽ᪡ᗭ݉
᮹ᩑđᇡᇥᮡᙹಽĞᔍaɪĊ⯩ၵѭíࡹᨕᗭ݉ᨱᕽࠥᙹ⮱
ᯕၽᔾ⧁äᮝಽᔾbࡹḡอ, ᯕ᪡zᮡࠥᙹಽၰᗭ݉ᇡᇥ᮹
⮱⩥ᔢᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍaᯕᨕḡḡᦫᦥ⪶⦽ࠥᙹಽ᪡ᗭ݉ᇡ ᨱᕽ᮹⮱✚ᖒᯕ❭ᦦࡹḡᦫ۵ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ࠥᙹಽ
ԕᗭ݉ᨱᕽ᮹⮱✚ᖒᮥ໕ၡ⦹íᇥᕾ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍᅙᩑǍ᮹
ᝅ⨹᳑ÕᵲᨱᕽaᰆɪĞᔍ᳑Õᯙᔢᇡࠥᙹಽ᮹Ğᔍ70ⰺෝ
ᖁᱶ⦹ᩍᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥᝅ⦹ᩡ݅. ᗭ݉ᨱᕽ᮹⮱ᮡFig. 3(a)᪡
zᯕ ࠥᙹಽԕಽ ᮁ᯦ࡹ۵ ᮁ᯦ᮁపᯕᱢᮥ Ğᬑᨱ۵ ᗭ݉ԕ
ṈᮡǍeᨱᕽࠥ⦹݉ࠥᙹಽ᮹ᩢ⨆ᨱ᮹⦹ᩍࠥᙹ⮱ᯕၽᔾ⦹
ᩡ݅. ə్ӹᮁ᯦ᮁపᯕ᷾a⧁ᙹಾ⦹݉ࠥᙹಽᨱᕽᮁᙹᯕ┩ᯕ
ၽᔾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, əᨱෙᩢ⨆ᮝಽᗭ݉ԕᨱᕽ۵ᙽeᱢᮝಽᮁᙹ a ⛡ᨕ ᪅۵ ⛱ ⮱ᯕ ၽᔾ⦹ᩡ݅(Fig. 3(b)).
⛱⮱ᮡᔢᇡࠥᙹಽᨱᕽí⩶ᖒࡽᮁᗮᯕᗭ݉ᇡᨱᕽ
⛡ᨕ᪅໕ᕽᯕᔢᩑᗮℕಽ៉᮹✚ᖒᮥᅕᯕḡᦫ۵⮱ᯕ݅.
ᕽᗭ݉ŝ⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽ᮹ᩑđḡᱱᨱᕽ ᱶᙹᦶᯕၽᔾࡹḡ
ᦫᮝအಽʑ᳕᮹ࠥᙹ⮱ŝšಉࡽᯕುᮥࠥᙹಽᨱḢᱲᱢᮝಽ
ᱢᬊ⦹۵ߑᨱ۵⦽ĥaᯩ݅. ᯕᨱ⛱⮱ŝšಉࡽᯕುॅᨱ
ݡ⦹ᩍྙ⨭᳑ᔍෝᝅ⦹ᩡḡอ⪶⦹íᱶพࡽᯕುᮥၽč⧁
ᙹᨧᨩ݅. ᕽᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵⮱᮹ᯕುᱢ⧕ᕾᮥ☖⦽ᖅĥʑ ᵡᮥᱽ⦹ʑᅕ݅۵ࠥᙹಽᨱᕽၽᔾࡹ۵⮱᮹⩶┽ᱢ⩥ᔢ(ࠥ
ᙹÑญ(L
1), ࠥᙹ׳ᯕ(h
1), ⛱Ñญ(L
2), ⛱׳ᯕ(h
1), ᮁᙹᯕ┩Ñญ (L
3))ᮝಽᇡ░ ࠥᙹಽ ߏ} ʑᵡᮥ ᱽ⦹Łᯱ ⦹ᩡ݅. ᩍʑᕽ
ࠥᙹÑญ, ࠥᙹ ׳ᯕ, ⛱ Ñญ, ⛱ ׳ᯕ ၰ ᮁᙹᯕ┩Ñญ۵ b
⩶┽a ӹ┡۵ ḡᱱ᮹ ᦥⓍต ᄞ໕ᨱ ᵥᯱෝ ᇡ₊⦹ᩍ bb᮹
Ñญ ၰ ׳ᯕෝ ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅.
4.2 ীܑۚٛࢳଡլࠝন
⛱⩥ᔢၽᔾᱥ᮹ᗭ݉ԕ⮱ᄡ⪵ෝᇥᕾ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍᔢᇡ᪡
⦹ᇡ᮹ࠥᙹಽĞᔍෝ40ⰺ, 50ⰺ, 60ⰺ, 70ⰺಽbb࠺ᯝ⦹íᄡ⪵⎑
ᮝ໑, ᗭ݉ʙᯕ۵ࠥᙹಽ⡎ᨱݡ⦽ᗭ݉ʙᯕ᮹ᄡ⪵ෝŁಅ⦹ᩍ
ᗭ݉ʙᯕෝ30 cm(2B), 45 cm(3B), 60 cm(4B), 75 cm(5B)ಽ
ᄡ⪵⎑݅. ੱ⦽b᳑Õᨱᕽ᮹ᗭ݉ԕᨱᕽ⛱⮱ᯕၽᔾ⦹ʑ
Ḣᱥʭḡ᮹ᮁ᯦ᮁపᮥᄡĞ⦹໕ᕽᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥᝅ⦹ᩡ݅. ᩍʑ ᕽ⛱⮱ၽᔾḢᱥᮁ᯦ᮁప᮹᳑ÕᮡࠥᙹಽĞᔍᨱbb
2.0 ⳅ/sec(40ⰺ), 1.8ⳅ/sec(50ⰺ), 1.2ⳅ/sec(60ⰺ), 1.1ⳅ/sec(70ⰺ)ᯕ
݅. ᯕ᪡ zᮡ ᮁప ᳑Õᨱᕽ᮹ ࠥᙹಽ Ğᔍᄥ ᗭ݉ ʙᯕ᪡ ᗭ݉
⊂ᄞ׳ᯕ(H)ᨱෙࠥᙹ׳ᯕ(h
1) ᮹እ(h
1/H) ෝFig. 4ᨱӹ┡ԕᨩ݅.
Fig. 4ᨱᕽࠥᙹ⮱ᯕၽᔾ⦹۵ĞᬑࠥᙹಽĞᔍ᪡ᮁపᯕ
᷾a⦹ࠥᗭ݉⊂ᄞ׳ᯕᨱݡ⦽ࠥᙹ׳ᯕ᮹እ۵5 %ᯕ⦹ᯙ
äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ᯕෝᝅᱽࠥᙹಽ᳑Õᮝಽ⪹ᔑ⦹໕ᝅᱽᮁ᯦ᮁ
పᯕ0.064 m
3/sec ᯝভ, ᧞2.5 cm ᔢ⦹໑, ᝅᱽᗭ݉⊂ᄞ᮹
׳ᯕa᧞50 cm ᯕအಽᗭ݉ԕࠥᙹ⮱ᔢ┽ᨱᕽ۵ᮁᙹᯕ┩
(a) 40° (b) 50°
(c) 60° (d) 70°
Fig. 4. The Ratio of Discharge and Height of Hydraulic Jump by Varying of Waterway Slope
Table 2. Splash Flow Rate and Waterway Slopes
Slope( °) Splash flow rate(䶝/s) Discharge per unit width(䶝/s/m)
40 2.0 13.3
50 1.8 12.0
60 1.2 8.0
70 1.1 7.3
ᨧᯕᮁᙹෝ႑ᱽ┍ᙹᯩ۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ੱ⦽ࠥᙹ⮱
ᔢ┽ᨱᕽ۵ᗭ݉⦹ᇡᨱᕽᮁᙹᯕ┩⩥ᔢᮡၽᔾ⦹ḡᦫᦹ݅.
ᕽࠥᙹ⮱ᯕၽᔾ⦹۵᳑Õᨱᕽ۵⩥ᰍࠥಽᖅĥ⠙௭ᖅĥʑᵡ ᮹ ࠥᙹಽ Ⓧʑಽࠥ ࠥᙹ⮱᮹ ၽᔾᮁపᮥ ᬱ⪽⯩ ႑ᙹ ┍
ᙹ ᯩᮥ äᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.
4.3 ീࠝঃছଭীۚٛࠝ࣡ฃ
ࠥᙹಽᨱ ᮁ᯦ࡹ۵ ᮁప ᷾aᨱ ᮁᗮᯕ ᔢ⦹í ࡹ໕
ᗭ݉ԕ⮱ᮡࠥᙹ⮱ᨱᕽ⛱⮱ᮝಽᄡ⪵⦹íࡽ݅. Table 2 ۵ࠥᙹಽĞᔍᄡ⪵ᨱෙ⛱⮱᮹ၽᔾᮁపŝᯕෝ݉᭥
⡎ݚᮁపᮝಽ⪹ᔑ⦽đŝᯕ݅. ࠥᙹಽĞᔍa40ⰺᯙĞᬑᝅ⨹ᮁ
ప 2.0ⳅ/sᨱᕽ ⛱ ⮱ᯕ ၽᔾ⦹ʑ ᯲⦹ᩡŁ, Ğᔍa 70ⰺᯙ
Ğᬑᨱ۵1.1ⳅ/sᩡ݅. Table 2ᨱᕽᙹᯩॐᯕࠥᙹಽĞᔍa
᷾a⧁ᙹಾ ⛱ ⮱ᯕ ၽᔾ⦹ʑ ᯲⦹۵ ᮁపᮡ qᗭ⦹ᩡ݅.
⛱⮱ᯕၽᔾ⧁Ğᬑᗭ݉⊂ᄞ᭥ᮝಽၵಽᬵඹ⦹Ñӹ
ࠥᙹಽ᮹ᗭ݉ᇡෝ⮱ḡᦫŁ⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽಽၵಽ⛡ᨕӹa ۵⩥ᔢ᮹ ࢱaḡ Ğᬑᨱݡ⦽ ࠥᙹಽ ᯕ┩⩥ᔢᮥ ᇥᕾ⦹Łᯱ
ࠥᙹಽĞᔍၰᮁ᯦ᮁపᄡ⪵ᨱෙ⛱Ñญ᪡⛱׳ᯕෝ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ
݅. Fig. 5۵ᮁ᯦ᮁప᷾aᨱෙ݉᭥⡎ݚᮁపŝ⛱Ñญ᮹
ᔢššĥෝ ࠥ⦹ᩡ݅. ⛱ Ñญ۵ Fig. 5᪡ zᯕ ᮁ᯦ ᮁపᯕ
᷾a⧁ᙹಾʙᨕḡ۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ✚⯩ࠥᙹಽĞᔍa70ⰺᯙ
Ğᬑ ᗭ݉ ԕ ⛱ Ñญ۵ ࠥᙹಽ ⡎(B)ᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ↽ݡ 2.7႑ಽ
ӹ┡ԍŁ, 60ⰺ, 50ⰺ, 40ⰺᨱᕽ۵↽ݡ᧞2.2 ႑ಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ᕽ
ᗭ݉ʙᯕa 2B᪡ zᯕ Ṉᮡ Ğᬑ ⛡ᨕ ᪅ෙ ᮁᙹa ᗭ݉ ԕಽ
Ӻ⦹⦹ḡᦫŁ⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽಽၵಽᯕ┩⦹۵⩥ᔢᯕၽᔾ⧁äᮝಽ
❱݉ࡽ݅. ੱ⦽Fig. 5ᨱᕽᗭ݉ʙᯕᄡ⪵۵⛱Ñญᯱℕᨱ۵
ⓑ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ᵝḡ۵ ᦫ۵ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
Fig. 6 ᮡᗭ݉ԕᨱᕽၽᔾ⦽⛱⮱᮹↽ݡ׳ᯕ(h
2) ෝ⊂ᱶ⦽
⬥ ᯕෝ ᗭ݉ ⊂ᄞ ׳ᯕ(H)ᨱ ݡ⦽ እ(h
2/H)ಽ ӹ┡ԙ äᯕ݅.
⛱׳ᯕእ۵ࠥᙹಽĞᔍ᪡ᮁపᯕ᷾a⧁ᙹಾ᷾a⦹ᩡ݅. ⛱Ñญ
᪡ ࠺ᯝ⦹í ⛱׳ᯕ ᩎ ᗭ݉ ʙᯕ ᄡ⪵ᨱ۵ ⓑ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ၼḡ
ᦫ۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. Fig. 6ᨱᕽ40ⰺ, 50ⰺ, 60ⰺ, 70ⰺ᮹ࠥᙹಽ
Ğᔍᨱᕽ⛱׳ᯕ↽ݡእ۵᧞0.5ᯕအಽ⛱⮱ᯕၽᔾ⦹ࠥ
ࠥᙹಽᨱᕽᗭ݉ᮝಽᮁ᯦ࡹ۵ᮁᙹ᮹⮱ᯕᬵඹ⦹ḡᦫᮥäᮝ
ಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.
(a) 40° (b) 50°
(c) 60° (d) 70°
Fig. 5. The Length of Splash Flow by Varying of Waterway Slope and Discharge
(a) 40° (b) 50°
(c) 60° (d) 70°
Fig. 6. The Height of Splash Flow by Varying of Waterway Slope and Discharge
(a) Upper Part of Berm (b) Lower Part of Berm Fig. 7. Water Separation by Splash Flow
Fig. 8. Measurement of Water Particle Position by Paper Cover
4.4 ܑߦছଭକଲ
ࠥᙹಽᗭ݉ԕ⛱⮱ᯕၽᔾ⦹۵Ğᬑࠥᙹಽᨱᕽ᮹ᮁᙹᯕ┩
⩥ᔢᮡFig. 7ŝzᯕᗭ݉ԕᨱᕽ᮹ᮁᙹᯕ┩ŝᗭ݉ᨱᕽ⦹ᇡ
ࠥᙹಽಽᩑđࡹ۵ᩑđᇡᨱᕽၽᔾ⦹۵ᮁᙹᯕ┩᮹ࢱaḡ⩶┽
ಽၽᔾ⦽݅. ᗭ݉ᔢᇡᮁᙹᯕ┩ᮡᔢᇡࠥᙹಽᨱᕽíᮁ᯦ࡹ
۵ ᮁᙹa ᗭ݉ ԕ ᱲ⧊ ᇡᇥᨱᕽ ⛱ ⮱ᮥ ⩶ᖒ⧉ᨱ ྜྷ
᯦ᯱaᗭ݉⊂ᄞ׳ᯕ᭥ಽእᔑࡹᨕᗭ݉⊂ᄞᇡಽᯕ┩ࡹ۵
⩥ᔢᯕŁ, ᗭ݉⦹ᇡᮁᙹᯕ┩ᮡᔢᇡࠥᙹಽ᪡ᗭ݉ᮝಽᮁ᯦ࡹ۵
ᮁᙹ᮹᧲ŝᗮࠥa᷾a⦹໕ᕽᗭ݉⦹ᇡ᪡⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽ᮹ᱲ⧊
ᇡᇥᨱᕽෙᮁᙹ᮹ᗮࠥᨱ᮹⦹ᩍ⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽၵ݆໕ᮥ
⮱ḡ ༜⦹Ł ᮁᙹa ᙹಽෝ ᯕ┩⦹۵ ⩶┽ෝ ӹ┡ԙ݅. ᯕ᪡
zᮡᯕᮁಽࠥಽ႑ᙹᖅᖅĥၰᮁḡšญḡ⋉ᨱᕽ۵ࠥᙹಽ
ߏ}᮹ᖅ⊹ෝǭᰆ⦹Łᯩᮝӹ, əʑᵡᯕ⪶⦹ḡᦫᮡšĥಽ
ၙᖅ⊹ࡹÑӹ ŝݡ ⪚ᮡ ŝᗭ Ⓧʑಽ ᖅ⊹ࡹŁ ᯩ۵ ᔢ⫊ᯕ݅.
ᕽ ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ ᯕ ࢱaḡ ᮁᙹᯕ┩⩥ᔢᮥ ༉ࢱႊḡ⧁
ᙹᯩ۵ᱢᱶ⦽ࠥᙹಽߏ}ᖅ⊹᭥⊹᪡ʙᯕෝᱽ⦹Łᯱ⦹ᩡ݅.
ᗭ݉ᨱᕽ᮹ᮁᙹᯕ┩ႊḡෝ᭥⦽ᗭ݉ߏ}᮹᭥⊹ၰʙᯕෝ
đᱶ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍFig. 3(b)ᨱӹ┡ԙၵ᪡zᯕᗭ݉ԕᮁᙹᯕ┩
᭥⊹᪡ᗭ݉⦹ᇡ᮹⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽᨱᕽᮁᙹᯕ┩Ñญෝ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅.
ᗭ݉ᔢᇡᮁᙹᯕ┩ᮡᔢᇡࠥᙹಽ᪡ᗭ݉ᯕᱲ⧊ࡹ۵ḡᱱᨱᕽ۵
እᔑࡹ۵ྜྷ᯦ᯱᨱ᮹⧕ᮁᙹaࠥᙹಽෝᯕ┩⦹íࡽ݅. ᯕᨱ
እᔑᯕ᯲ࡹ۵᭥⊹ෝ⪶ᯙ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍFig. 8ŝzᯕࠥᙹಽ
ᗭ݉ᨱ᳦ᯕߏ}ෝᖅ⊹⦹ᩡ݅. ྜྷ᯦ᯱ᮹እᔑ᭥⊹۵ᮁపᨱ
2ⴇ3 cm᮹₉ᯕ۵ᯩᨩᮝӹࠥᙹಽĞᔍa70ⰺ, 60ⰺ, 50ⰺᯙ
Ğᬑᨱ۵ᗭ᯲݉ḡᱱᮝಽᇡ░᧞20 cm(1.3B)ᨱᕽ᯲ࡹᨩŁ,
ࠥᙹಽĞᔍ40ⰺ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵᧞30 cm(2B)ḡᱱᨱᕽᇡ░ྜྷ᯦ᯱa
እᔑࡹʑ ᯲⦹۵ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
ੱ⦽ᗭ݉⦹ᇡᨱᕽ᮹ᮁᙹᯕ┩ᮡᗭ݉ŝ⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽaอӹ۵
ḡᱱᨱᕽෙ ᮁᗮᨱ ᮹⧕ᮁᙹa ࠥᙹಽ ၵ݆ᮥ ⮱ḡ
ᦫŁ ၵ݆ŝ ᇥญࡹᨕ ᯕ┩⦹۵ ⩥ᔢᯕ ၽᔾ⦹အಽ ᯕෝ ᗭ݉
⦹ᇡᨱᕽ᮹ᮁᙹᯕ┩ಽᱶ᮹⦹Łᙹญᝅ⨹ᨱᕽ ᝅ⊂⦽ᗭ݉ŝ
⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽᨱᕽᮁᙹᯕ┩⩥ᔢᨱෙᗭ݉⦹ᇡᮁᙹᯕ┩ḡᱱ᮹
Ñญෝ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅(Fig. 9). ⊂ᱶđŝᮁᙹᯕ┩Ñญ۵ࠥᙹಽ᮹
Ğᔍa ɪ⦹Ñӹ ᮁ᯦ ᮁపᯕ ᷾a⧁ᙹಾ ᗭ݉ ԕಽ ᮁ⦹⦹۵
ᮁᙹ᮹ ᮁᗮᯕ ዉḡအಽ ᮁᙹ ᯕ┩⩥ᔢᯕ ၽᔾࡹŁ, ə ᮁᙹ
ᯕ┩ḡᱱÑญ۵Ṉᦥḡ۵Ğ⨆ᮥᅕᩡ݅. ə్ӹᮁᙹᯕ┩ᮥ
ၽᔾ┅۵࠺ᯝ⦽ᮁప᳑Õᮥʑᵡ(1.1ⳅ/sⴇ2.0ⳅ/s)ᮝಽᮁᙹ
ᯕ┩ÑญෝእƱ⦹໕ᮁᙹᯕ┩Ñญ۵ࠥᙹಽĞᔍa᪥อ⧁ᙹಾ
᷾a⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ࠥᙹಽĞᔍa࠺ᯝ⦽᳑Õᨱᕽ۵ᮁపᯕ᯲ᮥᙹಾ
᷾a⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ۵ᮁᙹᯕ┩ÑญෝFig. 3(b)ᨱᕽᗭ݉ŝ⦹ᇡࠥᙹ
(a) 40° (b) 50°
(c) 60° (d) 70°
Fig. 9. Phenomenon of Water Separation by Varying Waterway Slope
(a) 40° (b) 50°
(c) 60° (d) 70°
Fig. 10. Length of Water Separation by Varying Waterway and Discharge Rate
(a) Present Form (b) Suggestion Form Fig. 11. Location and Length of Waterway Cover Plate
ಽa ᱲ⧊ࡹ۵ ḡᱱ᮹ ⊂ᄞ ᔢᇡಽᇡ░ ࠥᙹಽෝ ⮱۵
ᮁᙹa⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽ᮹⊂ᄞᮥչᨕᕽ۵↽ᰆʙᯕಽᱶ᮹⦹ᩡᮝအ ಽ ᔢᇡ ࠥᙹಽෝ ⮱۵ ᮁᙹ᮹ ᮁᗮᯕ ෝ Ğᬑ ⦹ᇡ
ࠥᙹಽᨱᕽᮁᙹᯕ┩⩥ᔢᯕíӹ┡ӹ໕ᕽ⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽ᮹
⊂ᄞᮥչ۵ḡᱱᯕṈᦥḡḡอ, ᮁᗮᯕ۱ตĞᬑ⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽᨱᕽ
ᮁᙹᯕ┩⩥ᔢᯕ۱ญíӹ┡ӹ໕ᕽ⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽ᮹⊂ᄞᮥչ۵
ḡᱱᯕ ʙᨕḡʑ ভྙᯕ ❱݉ࡽ݅.
ࠥᙹಽߏ}᮹ᖅ⊹ʙᯕෝᱽ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍࠥᙹಽ⡎ŝᗭ݉ʙ ᯕ ᄡ⪵ᨱ ෙ ᮁᙹᯕ┩Ñญ᮹ ᄡ⪵ෝ Fig. 10ᨱ ӹ┡ԕᨩ݅.
Fig. 10ᨱᕽᙹᯩॐᯕ⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽĞᔍa40ⰺ᪡50ⰺᨱᕽ۵
↽ݡ᧞3.0Bಽ⊂ᱶࡹᨩᮝ໑, ࠥᙹಽĞᔍa60ⰺ᪡70ⰺᯝĞᬑᨱ۵
40°᪡50°᮹Ğᔍෝaḡ۵ࠥᙹಽᨱእ⧕ᱡᮁపᨱᕽࠥᮁᙹᯕ┩
ᯕၽᔾ⦹ᩍ↽ݡ᧞3.2Bಽ⊂ᱶࡹᨩ݅. ᗭ݉ʙᯕa᷾a⦹۵
Ğᬑᨱ۵ᗭ݉ᇡ᮹ၵ݆ษₑᱡ⧎ᯕ᷾a⦹ʑভྙᨱᗭ݉ʙᯕa
qᗭ⧁ᙹಾᮁᙹᯕ┩Ñญੱ⦽Ṉᦥḡ۵Ğ⨆ᮥᅕᩡᮝӹ, ᗭ݉
ʙᯕᨱෙᮁᙹᯕ┩Ñญ᮹ᄡ⪵۵ၙၙ⦽äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅.
5. ࠥᙹಽߏ}ᖅ⊹ʑᵡᱽၰá☁
5.1 ܑߦ܀Թড౿׆ஜ୪ਏ
ࠥᙹಽߏ}aᖅ⊹ࡽᯝᇡࠥᙹಽ᮹Ğᬑߏ}aᔢᇡࠥᙹಽ᪡
ᗭ݉ᔢᇡ᮹ᩑđᇡᇡ░ᗭ݉⦹ᇡ᪡⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽ᮹ᩑđᇡʭḡอ
ݡᇡᇥ Ŗࡹ۵ äᮝಽ ᳑ᔍࡹᨩ݅. ᯕ᪡ zᯕ ᔢᇡ ࠥᙹಽ᪡
ᗭ݉ᩑđᇡaߏ}ಽߏᩍᯩ۵Ğᬑᮁ᯦ࡽᮁᘂᰂྜྷ᮹ญa
ᨕಅᬙᐱอᦥܩ♕ᱢࡽᮁᘂᰂྜྷᨱ᮹⧕ࠥᙹಽᇡᨱᕽᮁప
႑ᱽaᨕಅᬭᲙᬵඹ⦹۵⩥ᔢᯕ᳦᳦ၽᔾࡽ݅. ੱ⦽ᗭ݉⦹ᇡ᪡
⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽᩑđḡᱱᯙᮁᙹᮁ⇽ᇡᨱᕽ۵ࠥᙹಽߏ}ʙᯕa
ᮁᙹᯕ┩ʙᯕᅕ݅Ṉᦥᕽᝅᱽᱢᮝಽᗭ݉⦹ᇡᨱᕽၽᔾࡹ۵
ᮁᙹ᮹ ᯕ┩ᮥ ₉݉⦹ḡ ༜⦹Ł ᯩ۵ ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ᯕ۵ ࠥᙹಽ᪡
ᗭ݉ᇡᨱ ᖅ⊹ࡹ۵ ࠥᙹಽ ߏ}᮹ ᝅ᷾ᱢᯙ ʑᵡᯕ ᨧᯕ Ŗ
ᩍÕᨱ ᕽ ࠥᙹಽ ߏ}ෝ ᖅ⊹⦹ᩡʑ ভྙᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.
ᅙ ᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ ࠥᙹಽ᪡ ᗭ݉ᇡᨱᕽ ⛱ ⮱᮹ ၽᔾᨱ ෙ
ᮁᙹᯕ┩⩥ᔢᯕᗭ݉ᇡෝʑᵡᮝಽᔢᇡࠥᙹಽ᪡ᩑđࡹ۵ᗭ݉
ᔢᇡ᪡⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽ᪡ᩑđࡹ۵ᗭ݉⦹ᇡ᮹ࢱᇡᇥᨱᕽᯝᨕӹ۵
äᮥᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥ☖⦹ᩍ⪶ᯙ⦹ᩡ݅. ᙹญᝅ⨹đŝࠥᙹಽĞᔍa
50 ⰺ, 60ⰺ, 70ⰺᯙĞᬑᨱ۵ᮁᙹᯕ┩⩥ᔢᯕᗭ᯲݉ḡᱱᮝಽᇡ░
᧞ 20 cm(1.3B)ᨱᕽ ᯲ࡹᨩŁ, ࠥᙹಽ Ğᔍ 40ⰺ᮹ Ğᬑᨱ۵
᧞30 cm(2B)ḡᱱᨱᕽᇡ░ྜྷ᯦ᯱaእᔑࡹʑ᯲⦹۵äᮝಽ
ӹ┡ԍ݅. ᕽᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᙹญᝅ⨹đŝෝၵ┶ᮝಽࠥᙹಽ ᨱߏ}ෝᖅ⊹⦹íࡹ۵Ğᬑᗭ᯲݉ḡᱱᮝಽᇡ░1Bḡᱱᇡ░
ᖅ⊹⦹۵äᯕᗭ݉ᔢᇡᨱᕽၽᔾࡹ۵ᮁᙹᯕ┩᮹₉݉ၰᮁḡš ญaᬊᯕ⧁äᮝಽ❱݉⦽݅. ੱ⦽ᗭ݉⦹ᇡ᮹ᮁᙹᯕ┩ᮥႊḡ⦹
ʑ᭥⦹ᩍࠥᙹಽᨱ0.08ⳅ/sⴇ5.61ⳅ/s ᮹ᮁపᯕᮁ⦹ࢁĞᬑ
⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽෝᯕ┩⦹۵ᮁᙹ᮹ᮁᙹᯕ┩Ñญෝ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. ᙹญ ᝅ⨹đŝࠥᙹಽ⡎ᨱݡ⦽ᮁᙹᯕ┩Ñญእa40ⰺ, 50ⰺ᮹ࠥᙹಽ
Ğᔍᨱᕽ۵⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽ᯲ḡᱱᮝಽᇡ░↽ݡ᧞3.0B ḡᱱʭḡ
⊂ᱶࡹᨩᮝ໑60ⰺ, 70ⰺ᮹ࠥᙹಽĞᔍᨱᕽ۵40°, 50°᮹Ğᔍෝ
aḡ۵ࠥᙹಽᨱእ⧕ᱡᮁపᨱᕽࠥᮁᙹᯕ┩ᯕ ၽᔾ⦹ᩍ⦹ᇡ
ࠥᙹಽ ᯲ḡᱱᮝಽᇡ░ ↽ݡ ᧞ 3.2B ḡᱱʭḡ ⊂ᱶ ࡹᨩ݅.
ᕽᙹญ༉⩶ᝅ⨹đŝෝ☁ݡಽᗭ᯲݉ḡᱱᮝಽᇡ░1.0B ᨱᕽ⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽ3.5B ḡᱱʭḡߏ}ෝᖅ⊹⦹۵Ğᬑᮁᙹᯕ┩
ᨧᯕࠥᙹಽಽ₉Ḳࡽᮁపᯕ႑ᙹࢁᙹᯩᮥäᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅
(Fig. 11).
5.2 ܑߦ܀Թড౿׆ஜՑഠ
ᅙᩑǍ᮹ᝅ⨹đŝᗭ݉ᨱᕽᮁᙹᯕ┩᮹✚ᖒᮡࠥᙹಽ᮹Ğᔍ ᨱ ๅᬑ ⓑ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ၼ۵ äᮥ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ᕽ ᅙ ᩑǍᨱᕽ
ᱽࡽࠥᙹಽߏ}ᖅ⊹ʑᵡᮥá☁⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍᔢ·⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽ᮹
Ğᔍa ᔢᯕ⦽ Ğᬑᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥ ᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ᔢ·⦹ᇡ
ࠥᙹಽĞᔍa࠺ᯝ⦽Ğᬑᨱᕽ۵ࠥᙹಽĞᔍa70ⰺᯝভᮁᙹᯕ┩
(a) CASE 1 (b) CASE 2 Fig. 12. Condition of Varying Upper and Lower Waterway Slope
Table 3. Length of Water Separation by Varying Upper and Lower Waterway Slope
Slope Discharge at starting water separation (/s)
Maximum length of water separation (cm)
The ratio of water way width to length of water separation Type Upper Lower
CASE1 70° 40° 1.0 42.3 2.8B
CASE2 40° 70° 1.9 44.0 3.0B
(a) CASE 1 (b) CASE 2
Fig. 13. Phenomenon of Water Separation with Different Waterway Slope Between Upper and Lower
ᯕ Ⓧí ၽᔾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, 40ⰺ Ğᔍᨱᕽ ᮁᙹᯕ┩Ñญa ↽ݡᩡ
ᱱᮥŁಅ⦹ᩍFig. 12᪡zᯕᔢᇡࠥᙹಽ70ⰺ, ⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽ40ⰺ᮹
Ğᬑ(CASE 1)᪡ᔢᇡࠥᙹಽ40ⰺ, ⦹ᇡࠥᙹಽ70ⰺ᮹Ğᬑ(CASE 2)ᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᮁᙹᯕ┩ Ñญෝ ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅(Table 3).
ᗭ݉᮹ʙᯕ۵ᮁᙹᯕ┩ᯕaᰆʙíӹ┡ӹ۵5Bෝݡᔢᮝಽ
⦹ᩡ݅. ᝅ⨹ᮁపᮡ࠺ᯝĞᔍෝw۵ࠥᙹಽᝅ⨹ᨱᕽᔢᇡࠥᙹಽ ᮹Ğᔍෝbb40ⰺ, 70ⰺᯝভᮁᙹᯕ┩ᯕၽᔾ⦹ʑ᯲⦽ᮁప(1.9 ⳅ/s, 1.0ⳅ/s)ᨱᕽᮁపᮥ᷾a⍽a໑ᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅.
ᝅ⨹đŝ CASE 1ᨱᕽ ↽ݡ ᮁᙹᯕ┩ Ñญ۵ ᧞ 2.8B, CASE 2ᨱᕽ᮹↽ݡᮁᙹᯕ┩Ñญ۵3.0Bಽӹ┡ԍ݅(Fig. 13). ᕽ
5.1 ᱩᨱᕽᱽ⦽ߏ}ʑᵡԕᨱᕽᮁᙹᯕ┩⩥ᔢᯕၽᔾ⦹ᩡᮝအ ಽ ᔢ·⦹ᇡ᮹ ࠥᙹಽ Ğᔍa ᔢᯕ⦹ࠥ ᅙ ᩑǍᨱᕽ ᱽ⦽
ࠥᙹಽ ߏ} ᖅ⊹ ʑᵡᮥ ᱢᬊ⦹ᩍ ࠥᙹಽ ߏ}ෝ ᖅ⊹⦽݅໕
ࠥᙹಽԕಽᮁ᯦ࡽᮁᙹaࠥᙹಽෝᯕ┩⦹ḡᦫŁ႑ᙹࢁᙹ
ᯩᮥ äᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.
ੱ⦽ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽᱽ⦽ࠥᙹಽߏ}᮹᭥⊹ၰʙᯕᨱݡ⦽
☖ᙹ܆ಆᮥ⪶ᯙ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍᝅᱽࠥᙹಽߏ}ෝᖅ⊹⦹Łᝅ⨹ᮥ
ᙹ⧪⦹ᩍࠥᙹಽߏ}aᖅ⊹ࡹḡᦫᮡ ᝅ⨹đŝ᪡እƱ⦹ᩡ݅
(Table 4). ᝅ⨹᳑ÕᮡbࠥᙹಽĞᔍᄥಽᮁᙹᯕ┩ᯕၽᔾ⦹ʑ
᯲⦽ ᮁపᇡ░ ᝅ⨹ᝅ ᳑Õᨱᕽ ᮁ⦹ a܆⦽ ↽ݡ ᮁపʭḡ
Table 4. Comparison with Lower Part of Waterway Flow by Installed Cover Plate
Waterway slope Without cover plate with cover plate
40°
50°
60°
70°
