[Editor’s Choice]

444…NICE, 제32권 제3호, 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.31, No.5, 725-731, 2014

Some physical properties and oxidative stability of biodiesel produced from oil seed crops

Abstract - Biodiesel is a cleaner burning fuel than petrodiesel and a suitable replacement in diesel engine. It is produced from renewable sources such as vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel fuel was prepared from castor (CSO), palm kernel (PKO) and groundnut (GNO) oils through alkali transesterification reaction. The biodiesel produced was characterized as alternative diesel fuel. Fuel properties such as specific gravity, viscosity, calorific (combustion) value, The CSO, PKO and GNO were measured to evaluate the storage/oxidative stability of the oils to compare them with commercial petrodiesel.

The biodiesel produced had good fuel properties with respect to ASTM D 6751 and EN 14214 specification standards, except that the kinematic viscosity of castor oil biodiesel was too low. The viscosity of castor oil biodiesel at different temperatures was in the range of 4.12-7.21mm2/s. However, promising results which conformed to the above specification standards were realized when castor oil biodiesel was blended with commercial petrodiesel. At 28 oC the specific gravity recorded for CSO, PKO and GNO biodiesel was higher than the values obtained for petrodiesel. Commercial petrodiesel had the highest oxidative stability than biodiesel produced from CSO, PKO and GNO oils.

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.31, No.5, 732-743, 2014

Current trends for the floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) technologies

Abstract - Natural gas (NG) and liquefied NG (LNG), which is one trade type of NG, have attracted great attention because their use may alleviate rising concerns about environmental pollution produced by classical fossil fuels and nuclear power plants. However, when gas reserves are located in stranded areas and a portion of the offshore reserves is a significant amount of the total gas reserves, LNG is not suitable because (i) installation of pipelines for the transfer of NG to onshore LNG facilities is expensive and difficult, and (ii) it still has environmental and security problems. As a result, there are many efforts to excavate and monetize these stranded and offshore reserves with floating facilities where offshore liquefaction of NG is possible. Therefore, the development of floating LNG (FLNG) technology is becoming important.

Although the FLNG technologies have advantages over conventional LNG technologies, there are still several roadblocks.

To overcome the challenges, modular designs related to the main and typical stages of the FLNG process . gas pretreatment, liquefaction and regasification topsides, hulls, mooring, and transfer systems should be enhanced. Regarding FLNG ongoing operations and future plans, there are six nations (Argentina, Brazil, Kuwait, UAE, UK, and USA) operating FLNG, and a variety of FLNG liquefaction projects will be finished soon. Shell and Petrobras are making rapid strides to build FLNG facilities, and Flex LNG, Hoegh LNG, SBM Linde, MODEC, and Saipem are also building their FLNGs. In this review paper, we initially review the LNG concept and compare it with FLNG. In turn, new and typical FLNG technologies are introduced and the main challenges are also explained with insight into how these challenges are overcome. The main market drivers for FLNG industry are also considered.

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.31, No.5, 905-910, 2014

Electrochemical properties of Co-less layered transition metal oxide as high energy cathode material for Li-ion batteries

Choo S, Kim HY, Yoon DY, Choi W, Oh SH, Ju JB, Ko JM, Jang H, Cho WI

Abstract - High energy nickel manganese cobalt oxide materials (HENMC) are one of the most viable cathode materials

Editor’s Choice

NEWS & INFORMATION FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2014…445 for a high energy density lithium ion battery (LIB), but they contain expensive and toxic cobalt (Co). We synthesized Co- free high energy nickel manganese oxide cathode materials (HENM) via a solid state reaction method and a coprecipitation method. Their structural and electrochemical properties were comparatively investigated using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), electron probe micro- analysis (EPMA), particle size analysis (PSA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The co-precipitated HENM and the solid state fabricated HENM showed high capacities of 250 mAhg^(-1) and 240 mAhg^(-1), respectively.

It suggests that the solid state fabricated method of HENM would be a good candidate for practical application as well as the co-precipitated one.

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 31, No. 6, 924-929, 2014

Small/medium nuclear reactors for potential desalination applications : Mini review

Mayyada M. H. El-Sayed, Abdelghani M. G. Abulnour

Abstract - Small/medium nuclear reactors (SMRs) are a promising alternative for powering large scale desalination plants. The modern generations of these systems manifest cost effectiveness and built-in safety features. The compatibility with geological and topological challenges is an added advantage. Moreover, funding opportunities and packages could be easily arranged for small/medium nuclear reactors (SMR). This mini review article provides the latest technical features of SMR nuclear plants with emphasis on pressurized light water reactors (PWR), boiling water reactors (BWR), heavy water reactors (HWR), gas cooled reactors (GCR), and liquid metal fast breeder reactors (LMFBR). Preliminary cost indicators for typical units were investigated as a part of joint effort to develop a cost database for these types of reactors. Security and safety features of small/medium reactors are identified and reviewed. This paper identifies and briefly discusses the various types of small/medium nuclear reactors to provide a preliminary evaluation and consideration of using this type of reactor in potential seawater desalination applications.

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.31, No.6, 981-985, 2014

Characteristics of coal upgraded with heavy oils

Abstract - We investigated the ability of an oil coating to upgrade Indonesian low-rank coal, which has a low ash content and a moisture content of approximately 30%. Proximate and ultimate analyses of the characteristics of coal samples containing different amounts of asphalt (ASP) and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) were studied, including the samples’ calorific values, crossing-point temperatures (CPT), specific surface areas, pore sizes, structural changes, and moisture readsorption. The results showed that the 0.5% PFAD-coated coal was the highest quality. This coal showed few physical and chemical changes, and it had a low surface area and a high CPT value.

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.31, No.6, 1036-1042, 2014

Enhancement of lipid productivity by ethyl methane sulfonate-mediated random mutagenesis and proteomic analysis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Lee B, Choi GG, Choi YE, Sung M, Park MS, Yang JW

Abstract - Microalgae-derived biomass has been considered as the most promising candidate for next generation biofuel due to its sustainability and biodegradability. In this study, microalgal strain Chlamydmonas reinhardtii was randomly mutagenized by using a chemical mutagen, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) to create mutants showing enhanced lipid production. We identified three random mutants that displayed high lipid production in the screening using Nile red staining. Among those, mutant #128 was selected as candidate for further studies. Our flow cytometry and confocal

446…NICE, 제32권 제3호, 2014

microscopy analysis revealed that mutant #128 contains larger and more abundant lipid bodies than that of wild-type.

Moreover, mutant #128 showed 1.4-fold increased fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content compared to wild-type under nitrogen depleted condition. In addition, mutant #128 grew faster and accumulated more biomass, resulting in high lipid production. 2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF analysis used for gene targeting revealed that β-subunit of mitochondrial ATP Synthase and two-component response regulator PilR may be involved in enhanced characteristics of mutant #128. These results show the possibilities of EMS mediated random mutagenesis in generation of mutants to produce high amount of lipid as well as further study for molecular mechanism of mutants.

Korean Chemical Engineering Research, Vol.52, No.2, 141-153, 2014

액적 기반의 미세유체 시스템을 이용한 초고속 대용량 스크리닝

Droplet-based Microfluidic Device for High-throughput Screening

정

정헌헌호호, 노노영영무무, 장장성성찬찬, 이이창창수수

Abstract - 액적기반의 미세유체 시스템은 마이크로 시험관으로서 화학, 생물학 연구에 적용하기 위해 개발되 었다. 미세유체 시스템에서 피코부피(picoliter)의 매우 작은 액적은 소형화된 시스템 내에서 잘 정형화 되고 구 획화된 반응기로 제공되어 진다. 매우 작은 액적에서의 반응은 자동화된 초고속 대용량 스크리닝 시스템을 통 하여 저가이면서 고효율적으로 수행될 수 있다. 본 총설에서는 액적 기반의 미세유체시스템의 기능들인 액적 형성, 정교한 액적 제어, 다양한 응용분야에 대해 소개하고자 한다. 또한 화학적, 생물학적 새로운 응용분야에 관해 알아보고, 기존의 방법과 비교하여 액적기반의 미세유체 시스템이 갖는 장점에 관해 논의하고자 한다.

Korean Chemical Engineering Research, Vol.52, No.2, 209-213, 2014

Preparation of Al@Fe

O

Core-Shell Composites Using Amphiphilic Graft Copolymer Template

Abstract - A graft copolymer of poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) (PVC-g-POEM) was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and used as a structure-directing agent to prepare Al@Fe2O3core-shell nanocomposites through a sol-gel process. The amphiphilic property of PVC-g-POEM allows for good dispersion of Al particles and leads to specific interaction with iron ethoxide, a precursor of Fe2O3. Secondary bonding interaction in the sol- gel composites was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The wellorganized morphology of Al@Fe2O3core-shell nanocomposites was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the elemental composition and crystallization structure of the composites.

Korean Chemical Engineering Research, Vol.52, No.2, 247-255, 2014

다공성

La

Sr

CuO

Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Using Porous La

Sr

CuO

Electrode

김

김정정렬렬, 이이홍홍주주, 박박정정훈훈

Abstract - 전극 촉매 물질인 페롭스카이트 형 La0.8Sr_0.2CuO₃분말을 시트릭산 합성법으로 제조하였다. 이렇게 제 조한 La_0.8Sr_0.2CuO₃분말과 지지전도체로 탄소 및 소수성 결합제로 polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)를 혼합하여 다공 성 전극을 제조하였다. 이산화탄소를 0.1, 0.5, 1.0M KOH 전해액에 용해하여 5, 10 ℃의 반응온도에서 –1.5~–

2.5 V(vs. Ag/AgCl)의 인가전위로 전기화학 실험을 수행한 결과, 액상생성물은 온도와 상관없이 메탄올, 에탄올, 2-프로판올, 1,2-부탄올이 얻어진 반면 기상생성물로는 5 ℃에서는 메탄, 에탄, 에틸렌이 10 ℃에서는 메탄, 에탄, 프로판이 생성되었다. 전체 패러데이 효율의 관점에서 CO2환원의 최적 인가전압은 기상의 경우 높은 값을(–

2.0, –2.2 V) 보였고, 액상의 경우는 전해액 농도와 반응온도에 상관없이 낮은 전압(–1.5 V)임을 알 수 있었다.