First Record of the Goatsbeard Brotula, Brotula multibarbata Temminck and Schlegel, 1846 (Pisces: Ophiididae) from Korea

Introduction

The family Ophidiidae belonging to the order Ophidiiformes is known to be a benthic, and com- prises of 4 subfamilies, 48 genera and 218 species in the world (Nielsen et al., 1999). Among them, three species, Hoplobrotula armata, Neobythites sivicolus, and Sirembo imberbis have been repor- ted from Korea (Kim and Kim, 1997), 27 species from Japan (Nakabo, 1993), 16 species from Chi- na (Cheng and Zheng, 1987), 14 species from nor- thern Australia, and southern Indonesia (Gloer- felt-Tarp and Kailola, 1984).

The genus Brotula have been firstly investigat- ed in taxonomy by Hubbs (1944), thereafter the ophidiiform fishes of the world were studied in taxonomy as well as in ecology by Nielsen et al.

(1999). By the way, in Korea, there have been no

studies for this taxon.

In the present study, we provided the taxono- mic information of Brotula multibarbata and the species with a new Korean name.

Taxonomic study of the goatsbeard brotula was carried out using the 2 specimens collected in the Mi-po fishery port and the Min-rak fishery mar- ket in the east south sea of Korea, between May and June, 2000. Their body parts were measured as the unit of 0.1 millimeter by the method of Hubbs and Lagler (1964), and the number of fin rays and vertebrae were counted after photogra- phing by soft X-ray equipment (Hitex Co.).

Identification and hierarchy were followed by Nielsen et al. (1999), and then the specimens were preserved in the solution of 10% formalde- hyde and deposited at the Pukyong National University (PKNU).

Korean J. Ichthyol. 14(4), 296~299, 2002

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─ 296 ──

First Record of the Goatsbeard Brotula,

Brotula multibarbata Temminck and Schlegel, 1846 (Pisces: Ophiididae) from Korea

Chung-Bae Kang, Jin Koo Kim*, Jung-Goo Myoung** and Yong Uk Kim

*Mokpo Laboratory, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Mokpo, Korea

**Marine Resoures Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute Ansan, Korea

This paper describes the external and osteological features of goatsbeard brotula, Brotula multibarbata Temminck and Schlegel, 1846, recorded from Korea for the first time. Two specimens of goatsbeard brotula were collected from Busan in the east south sea of Korea, between May and June, 2000. They represent a previously unrecorded genus and species from Korea. We provide new Korean names for the genus, “Su-yeom-cheom-chi-sog,” and the species, “Su-yeom-cheom-chi”, in reference to their having 3 barbels on the snout and chin, respectively. The species is well distinguished from Hoplobrotula armata, Neobythites sivicolus, and Sirembo imberbis, ophidiids already recorded from Korea, in having three pairs of barbels, and the outer border of dorsal and anal fins white. Osteological features of the species are as follows: first neural spine small, but the second elongate, otolith large, it’s length in long axis similar to eye diameter.

Key words : Brotula multibrabata, goatsbeard brotula, Ophiididae, unrecorded spe- cies, Korea

Genus Brotula Cuvier, 1829

(New Korean genus name : Su-yeom-cheom- chi-sog)

Brotula-Cuvier, 1829: 335 (original diagnosis;

haplotype, Enchelyopus barbatus Bloch and Schneider); Radcliffe, 1913: 136.

Nematobrotula-Gill, 1863: 252 (original diagno- sis; orthotype, Brotula ensiformis Günther).

Body compressed, fully covered with small cycl- oid scales. Snout and chin with distinctive 3 bar- bels respectively. Dorsal and anal fin connected by caudal fin, and pelvic fin with 2 rays in each inserted at about level of preopercle.

Since the genus Brotula was firstly revised by Hubbs (1944), it’s definition was established, subsequently it’s taxonomic status became clear by Gosline (1953). It comprises of about 4 species, B. barbata, B. clarkae, B. multibarbata and B.

ordwayi in the world, which occurs in the tropi- cal and subtropical seas and benthopelagic when adult and epipelagic when young (Nielsen et al., 1999).

Brotula multibarbata Temminck and Schelegel, 1846 (Fig. 1)

(New Korean name: Su-yeom-cheom-chi) Brotula multibarbata Temminck and Schlegel,

1846: 251-253, pl. 111, fig. 2 (Japan); Hubbs, 1944: 170-175 (Phoenix Islands, Dutch East Indies, Philippines, Japan, Hawaii); Gosline, 1953: 217 (Hawaii); Nakabo, 1993: 372 (Japan);

Nielsen et al., 1999: 24-25 (from East Africa to Hawaii).

Brotula multicirrata Vaillant and Sauvage, 1875:

282 (Hawaii).

Brotula marginalis Jenkins, 1901: 403-404, fig.

16 (Hawaii).

Description : Dorsal fin rays 111-117; Pecto-

ral fin rays 25; Pelvic fin rays 2; Anal fin rays 83;

Caudal fin rays 5±5; Vertebrae 16±42 = 58;

Branchiostegal rays 8.

Total length 259.2-271.2 mm, standard length 243.3-258.9 mm, pre-anal fin length 106.1-113.4 mm, head length 46.5-50.8 mm, pre-dorsal fin length 47.8-48.8 mm, eye diameter 10.8 mm, snout length 11.7-12.7 mm, body height 55.0- 58.5 mm, interorbital width 10.0-10.2 mm, pecto- ral fin length 25.1-27.0 mm, upper jaw length 21.9-22.5 mm.

Body elongate and compressed; head rather short in comparison with elongate body form, supraoccipital bone rather high, it’s end slightly pointed; eye large and elliptical. First neural spi- ne small, but the second elongate. Otolith more or less large, it’s length in long axis similar to eye diameter. Jaw with minute teeth, it’s shape conical; upper and lower jaws equal, but the for- mer slightly protrusive. Snout and chin with dis- tinctive 3 barbels respectively. Dorsal and anal fins well connected with caudal fin; pelvic fins slim, long, at about level of preopercle. Body en- tirely covered with minute cycloid.

Color in fresh : Body and all fins generally reddish brown, but, outer border of dorsal and anal fins white.

Distribution : Busan, east south sea of Korea;

Southern Japan; Indian ocean, Pacific ocean, Red sea.

Remark : The species is well agree with that of original description by Temminck and Schlegel (1846), in particular by the external features as follows; the species has 3 pairs of barbels on both jaws, and lower jaw slightly shorter than upper, but the total number of dorsal, anal and caudal fins shows a little difference (186 in Temminck and Schlegel (1846) cf. 117±83±10 = 210 in the present study). However, all measurments and counts of the present specimens coincide with

First Record of the Goastsbeard Brotula, Brotula multibarbata 297

Fig. 1. Brotula multibarbata Temminck and Schlegel, 243.3 mm in standard length, collected from Mi-po fishery port, Busan, Korea.

that of Hubbs (1944) (Table 1).

There have been a little confusion for the Bro- tula species in taxonomy, for example Hildebrand and Barton (1949) treated B. townsendi as a sy- nonym of B. multibarbata, but Gosline (1953) reported that the two are well differed from each other by body color, eye diameter, upper jaw le- ngth, dorsal and anal fin counts. In addition, Gosline (1953) presented a new genus Microbro- tula, and two new species, Microbrotula rubra and M. nigra under the genus which is similar with the genus Brotula in having pelvic fin rays at below to the posterior border of eye, but dis- tinguished from the latter by having no barbels in both jaws.

Since Regan (1912) firstly placed brotulids in the suborder Blennioidea, Regan (1929) placed brotulids, ophidiids and carapids in the suborder Ophidioidea in the aggregate. Regan (1929) also pointed that the two suborders Blennioidea and Ophidioidea have a distinctive features, that is frontal and parasphenoid bones are connected by each other, but Hubbs (1952) denied that of Re- gan (1929) based on the fact that two bones are not connected in Microbrotula except in Brotula and Dinematichthys. In order to separate Brotu- lidae from Ophidiidae, Regan (1914) presented

some characteristics, of which the two parietal bones are separated by supraoccipital bone in Brotulidae, but the two are fused along the dor- sal mid line in Ophidiidae. However, that of Re- gan (1914) was denied by Gosline (1953) who said that each parietal bones divided by supraoccipi- tal bone in Brotula and Microbrotula, except in Dinematichthus.

While Regan (1929) provided the characteris- tics of the suborder Ophidioidea with a V shaped opercular bone, Gosline (1953) said that it could be seen in Brotula and Dinematichthys except in Microbrotula. Although there have been many taxonomic works for Ophidiidae, it still contains a little problems among researchers.

In recent, Nielsen et al. (1999) placed 4 families, i.e. Carapidae (7 genera 31 species), Ophidiidae (48 genera 218 species), Bythitidae (32 genera 96 species), Aphyonidae (6 genera 22 species) in the order Ophidiiformes, and also presented the tax- onomic keys, synonyms, and distribution, and in addition, suggested the need of research for the proof of monophyly of the family Ophidiidae in detail. With a phylogeny of Ophidiidae, Markle (1989) said that Brotula is similar to cod form fishes, and Howes (1992) also said that there is a resemblance between Brotula and various genera of Neobythitine, therefore it is likely that they would be considered as a sister group for study- ing the phylogeny of Ophidiidae.

Acknowledgments

We thank Mr. Won Gyu Park in the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA for kindly sending us reference to B. multibarbata.

References

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pp. 240~247.

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Table 1. Comparison of the measurements and counts of Brotula multibarbata

Present study Characters Hubbs

PKNU PKNU

(1944)

2000510-1 2000615-1 Measurements

Standard length

(mm) 55.0-414.0 243.3 258.9

In hundredth of SL

Preanal length 38.5-46.9 40.9 41.8 Head length 19.0-21.8 17.9 18.7

Predorsal length - 18.4 18.0

Eye diameter 3.7-5.3 4.2 4.0

Snout length 4.0-5.7 4.5 4.7

Body depth 13.2-22.8 21.2 21.6

Interorbital width 2.7-4.2 3.9 3.8 Pectoral fin length 7.8-10.8 10.4 9.3 Upper jaw length 8.7-11.5 8.4 8.3 Caudal fin length 5.1-7.1 6.1 4.5 Counts

Dorsal fin rays 109-139 111 117

Pectoral fin rays 22-26 25 25

Pelvic fin rays 2 2 2

Anal fin rays 80-106 83 83

Caudal fin rays 4-6±3-6 5±5 5±5

Vertebrae - 58 58

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First Record of the Goastsbeard Brotula, Brotula multibarbata 299

Received : November 2, 2002 Accepted : December 17, 2002

한국산 첨치과 어류 1미기록종 강충배∙김진구*∙명정구**∙김용억

부경대학교 해양생물학과

* 국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소 목포분소

** 한국해양연구원

본 연구에서는 한국에서 처음으로

의 외부 형태 및 골격의 특징을 제시하였다

한국 남동부해역에 위치한 부산에서

년

월에 채집 된 체장

의 첨치과

의

개체는 한국 미 기록속 및 미기록종이다

본속 및 본종은 양턱에 수염을 가지는 특징에 의거 국명을 “수염첨치 속” 및 “수염첨치”로 명명한다

본종은 주둥이와 아래턱에 각각

개씩의 수염을 가지며

등지느러

미 및 뒷지느러미의 바깥쪽 가장자리가 흰색을 띠는 점에서 종전에 보고된

armata, Neobythites sivicolus,

그리고

와 잘 구별된다

본종의 골격 특징으로는

첫번째 신경극은 작지만 두번째부터 길어지며

이석의 장축길이는 안경과 비슷한 점이다