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 9 Z 4, pp. 1013∼1017

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˜

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† ç

¡ ¬ £ · T „ ç ¡ G ž B

ô

 Çz Œ ™@ /† < Ɠ § F g„   Ó ü t o † < Æõ , @ /„   306-791 (2010¸   6 Z 4 4{ 9  ~ à Î6 £ §, 2010¸   9 Z 4 14{ 9  > F  S X ‰& ñ )

ç

ß –[ O Z O `  ¦  6   x K " f È Òõ  % ò % i  q  ∆“   s ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    _  ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ`  ¦ ì  r$ 3 ô  Ç . x › ¸ ç ß –[ O Á º ]

(– РÒ'  8 £ ¤& ñ  ) a ì  r à º» 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ_  0 A © œ ì  r Ÿ í  H á ÔY U3 A q-v Ø Ôy   ñá Ô  r] X  & h ì  rd ” \    H  ô  Ç \ V8 £ ¤ õ  ¸ ú ˜ { 9  u

† < Ê`  ¦ ˜ Ð# Œï  r  . ∆ = 1/2õ  1/3{ 9  M : s ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    _  í  H à º 0 A © œ  © œ“ É r s ”   ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦ s ê  r  . Õ ª Q



 ∆ 1/3˜ Ð   Œ • t €  , í  H à º 0 A © œ  © œ[ þ t“ É r s ”   ì  r Ÿ í\ " f  © œ{ © œy  # Á # Q " f  ×  æ 0 A © œ ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦   



· p . ‘ : rë  H \ " f Ä »• ¸  ) a s ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    _  ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ\  @ /ô  Ç 1 l x † < Êà º  H    © œ F g‚  [ þ t _  2  €  à º

\  ¦ & ñ _    H X <  6   x| ¨ c à º e ”  .

Ù þ

˜d ” # Q: s ”     , ”  ; Ÿ ¤   , » 1 Ϙ д òõ , ì  r à º» 1 Ϙ д òõ 

Interferometric Analyses of Fractional Talbot Images of Binary Amplitude Gratings with Different Opening Ratios

S. Chang · S. I. Lee

Department of Physics, Hannam University, Taejon 306-791 (Received 4 June, 2010 : accepted 14 September, 2010)

We use an interferometric method to analyze the fractional Talbot image of a binary amplitude grating with an opening ratio of ∆. The local phase variations of the imaging fields, which can be determined from Fizeau interferograms, are shown to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions based on a Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction integral. In the cases of ∆ = 1/2 and 1/3, pure phase images of binary amplitude gratings show binary structures. However, when the opening ratio is reduced to less than 1/3, the pure phase images are found to be substantially distorted, so they appear to have multilevel structures. The wave function of a fractional Talbot image derived here can be used to define quadric wavefront aberrations of imaging rays.

PACS numbers: 42.30.M

Keywords: Binary grating, Amplitude grating, Talbot effect, Fractional Talbot effect

I. " e  ] Ø

þ j   H \  Ä ºo   H F g‚   F g † < Æ& h  ] X   HZ O `  ¦  6   x K " f Å Òl & h 

“

  ½ ¨› ¸\  ¦ ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    _  » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ(Talbot image)\  @ / ô

 Ç  © œ€   7 á x s 1 l x à º  x 9    €   ý a³ ð_  “ ¦  † ½ Ó`  ¦ Ÿ í† < Ê 

E-mail: [email protected]



 H €  à º _  % ò † ¾ Ó`  ¦ › ¸  % i “ ¦ [1–5], È Òõ  % ò % i _  q 

 ∆ = 1/2“   s ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    _  ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ(fractional Talbot image) \  @ /ô  Ç “ ¦  €  à º  † < Êà º\  ¦ Ä »• ¸ô  Ç   e ”

  [6]. » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ ¢ ¸  H ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œs ê ø Í  © œ λ“   ç ß – [ O

 F g`  ¦ l ‘ : r Å Òl  p“   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    \  q Æ Ò€  , á ÔY U3 A q  r ] X

\  _ K " f (2p

2

/λ) _  & ñ à º ¢ ¸  H ì  r à º C \  K { © œ   H   o

\ " f    \  ¦ ² ú ©“ É r ”  ; Ÿ ¤ ¢ ¸  H 0 A © œ ì  r Ÿ í + þ A$ í ÷ &  H ‰ & ³

-1013-

(2)



© œ`  ¦ { 9 ( Ž   H  . ‚ à Г ¦ë  H‰  ³ [6]\ " f Ä »• ¸  ) a à º † < Êà º  H ì  r Ã

º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ\  p u   H Ä »ô  ÇF g‚  _  % ò † ¾ Ó`  ¦ ì ø Í% ò l  M :ë  H

\

 s ”   0 A © œ    _  ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ`  ¦ s 6   x ô  Ç C \ P  › ¸" î



© œu (array illuminator) [7,8]_  ¨ î \   6   x| ¨ c à º e ”  .

Õ

ª Q  þ j   H _  C \ P  › ¸" î  © œu \ " f · ú š» ¡ ¤ q  1/2˜ Ð  ± ú 

“ É

r s ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤ ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦ % 3 l  0 Aô  Ç ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼– Ð  ×  æ 0 A © œ   



_   6   x s  ] jî ß –÷ &% 3   [9–14]. s  M :ë  H \  È Òõ  % ò % i _  q

 1/2˜ Ð   Œ •“ É r s ”      _  ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ`  ¦ ¨ î  



9€  ,    €   ý a³ ð_  “ ¦  † ½ Ó @ /’  \  2  † ½ Ó t  Ÿ í† < Ê 



 H €  à º \  ¦ D h\  v >  & ñ _ K  ô  Ç . s \  ¦ 0 AK " f €  $  È

Òõ  % ò % i _  q    É r s ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    \  ¦ ] j Œ •ô  Ç Ê ê, ì  r Ã

º » 1 Ϙ Ð  o \ " f  © œ_  0 A © œ ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦ f ” ] X  › ' a ¹ 1 Ï “ ¦, Õ ª

 

õ \  ¦ [ O " î ½ + É Ã º e ”   H & h ] X ô  Ç 1 l x † < Êà º\  ¦ ¹ 1 Ô è ­ q € 9 כ ¹

 e ”  .

‘

: r  7 Hë  H \ " f Ä ºo   H €  $  y Œ ™ F gÓ ü t| 9 s  ¶ n s“ É r Ä »o €  \ 



”   d ” y Œ •Z O Ü ¼– Ð l ‘ : r Å Òl  p = 900 µms “ ¦, È Òõ  % ò

%

i _  q  y Œ •y Œ • ∆ = 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5 x 9 1/6s  ÷ &• ¸ 2

Ÿ

¤ s ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    \  ¦ ] j Œ • % i  . s     \   © œ λ = 633 nm _  ó ¡ šµ ¢ §- W 1“ : r Y Us $  F g`  ¦ q ð  r  6 £ §, (2p

2

/λ)(s +

∆/2) _   o (é ß –, s  H & ñ à º e ” )\  Z  ~“    © œ€  \ " f =  G t y Œ • 1.12

“   á Ôo 7 £ §`  ¦ : Ÿ x K " f Ï ã J] X  ) a ç  H{ 9 ô  Ç F g`  ¦ ×  æ^ o ?r ( ”  Ü

¼– Ð+ ‹ x › ¸(Fizeau) ç ß –[ O Á º] (\  ¦ % 3 % 3  . ç ß –[ O Á º] (_  Â Ò ì

 r s 1 l x“ É r ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ_  0 A © œ ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦ ì ø Í% ò l  M :ë  H \  s

\  ¦ : Ÿ x K " f ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ_   ×  æ 0 A © œ ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦ · ú ˜   · p Ê

ê, á ÔY U3 A q-v Ø Ôy   ñá Ô & h ì  r [15] Ü ¼– Ð > í ß –ô  Ç   õ ü < q 

“

§ % i  .

II. Ä Z ؕ ¤ ´  o| º V ê s8 ý Ž Ò Þ] K ¤• ¤

Figure 1“ É r l ‘ : r Å Òl  p“   s ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    _  ì  r à º » 1 Ï

˜

Ð  © œ`  ¦ › ' a ¹ 1 Ï l  0 Aô  Ç  © œu _  > h| Ä Ì• ¸s  .    _  È Òõ 

% ò

% i  q   H ∆ = 1/M Ü ¼– Ð Å Ò# Qt  9, M“ É r & ñ à ºs  . 



© œ λ = 633 nm“   ¨ î ' Ÿ ô  Ç F g‚  s  s ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    \  ¦ q  Æ

Ҁ  ,    \  ¦ : Ÿ x õ ô  Ç F g“ É r  r] X  à º\    " f # Œ Q > h _

 F g‚  Ü ¼– Ð ° ú ˜ ”   .  r] X  ) a F g‚  [ þ t“ É r ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  o  (2p

2

/λ)(s + N/2M ) \  Z  ~“   €  \ " f ”  ; Ÿ ¤“ É r ç  H{ 9  “ ¦, 0 A



© œs     \  ¦ ² ú ª“ É r ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦ ë ß –Ž  H   [11–14]. # Œl " f s  H & ñ Ã

ºs  9, & ñ à º Nõ  M“ É r / B N €  •à º\  ¦ ° ú t  · ú §   ô  Ç . Õ ª



6 £ §, =  G t y Œ •s  1.12

“   · û ª“ É r á Ôo 7 £ §`  ¦ : Ÿ x K " f Ï ã J] X  ) a ç  H { 9

ô  Ç F g‚  `  ¦ ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œõ  ×  æ^ o ?r v €  ,  © œ_  0 A © œ ì  r

Ÿ

í\  ¦ ì ø Í% ò   H x › ¸ ç ß –[ O Á º] ( Ò q t$ í  ) a  . f ” y Œ •ý a³ ð>  _

 " é ¶& h `  ¦    €   0 A\  ¿ º“ ¦, xy€  `  ¦    €  õ  { 9 u r v 

Fig. 1. An optical setup for detecting the phase-type image of a binary amplitude grating with an opening ratio of ∆. A collimated light of wavelength λ illuminates the grating of period p. The light passing through the openings in the grating generates a phase-type image at a fractional Talbot distance ζ = (2p

2

/λ)(s + ∆/2), where s is any integer. A reference beam refracted through a wedge prism is superimposed onto the phase-type image, so that the phase variation in the image can be recorded as a Fizeau interferogram.

Fig. 2. Transmission coefficient of a binary amplitude grating with an opening ratio of ∆ which is plotted as a function of position y.

€

 , È Òõ  % ò % i  q  ∆s “ ¦, y» ¡ ¤ ~ ½ ӆ ¾ ÓÜ ¼– Ð ”  1 l x   H s ”  

”

 ; Ÿ ¤    _  È Òõ † < Êà º(Fig. 2)  H

τ (y) =  1, n − ∆/2 < y/p < n + ∆/2 0, n + ∆/2 < y/p < n + 1 − ∆/2

=

X

m=−∞

a

m

exp

 i 2πm

p y



(1)

ü

< ° ú  s    è ­ q à º e ”  . 0 Ad ” \ " f n“ É r & ñ à ºs  9, i =

√ −1 s “ ¦, É Òo \  > à º  H

a

m

=

 ∆ , m = 0

sin(mπ∆)/(mπ), m 6= 0 (2) s

 . d ” (2)\ " f m∆ 0s      & ñ à ºs €   a

m

= 0 s  



 H & h `  ¦ Å Ò3 l q ½ + É € 9 כ ¹ e ”  .

s

] j    _  ß ¼l  ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  o \  q K " f B Ä º  Œ •



€  , ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ_  ”  ; Ÿ ¤ † < Êà º  H á ÔY U3 A q-v Ø Ôy   ñá Ô  r

(3)

] X

 & h ì  r _     €   ý a³ ð\  › ' a ô  Ç 2    H  d ” Ü ¼– Ð   è ­ q Ã

º e ”   [15].

ψ(ξ, η

0

, ζ) ∼ = C X

m

Z Z

A

dxdya

m

exp

 i 2πm

p y



× exp



iπ (x − ξ)

2

+ (y − η

0

)

2

λζ



(3)

0

Ad ” \ " f C  H & h ì  r   à º\  Á º › ' a ô  Ç  © œÃ ºs  9, (ξ, η

0

, ζ)  H

› '

a ¹ 1 Ï  9  H €   0 A_  ý a³ ðs  .    _  ß ¼l  A Å Òl  p\  q

K " f Ø  æì  r y  ß ¼ €  , d ” (3)_  & h ì  r“ É r

ψ(ξ, η

0

, ζ) ∼ =

mA

X

m=−mA

a

m

exp



−i πm

2

λ p

2

ζ

 exp

 i 2πm

p η

0



(4)

s

  ) a   [6]. # Œl " f m\  Á º › ' a ô  Ç  © œÃ º† ½ ӓ É r Ò q t| Ä Ì÷ &% 3 Ü ¼ 9, m

A

  H é ß – à º(cut-off order)– Ð" f    _  ß ¼l \  _ ” > r ô

 Ç . s ] j › ' a ¹ 1 π  `  ¦ : £ ¤& ñ ô  Ç ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  o  ζ =  2p

2

λ

  s + ∆

2



(5)

\

 Z  ~  H  €  , d ” (4)  H

ψ(ξ, η

0

, ζ) ∼ =

mA

X

m=−mA

a

m

exp −iπm

2

∆ exp

 i 2πm

p η

0



= |ψ| exp (iφ) (6)

ü

< ° ú  s  é ß –í  H  o  ) a  . # Œl " f |ψ|ü < φ  H ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ_ 

”

 ; Ÿ ¤ õ  0 A © œ`  ¦    · p .

III. Ä Z ؕ ¤ ´  o| º V ê s8 ý à à Š˜  × õ m Í  üV ê s Ä Z ؃ º

Figure 3“ É r d ” (6)\    H  K " f > í ß –ô  Ç η

0

_     o\    É r ì

 r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð © œ_  ”  ; Ÿ ¤ |ψ| (z  ´‚  )õ  0 A © œ φ (& h ‚  )_  ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦

˜

Ð# Œï  r  .    _  È Òõ  % ò % i  q   H y Œ •y Œ • (a) ∆ = 1/2, (b) 1/3, (c) 1/4, (d) 1/5 x 9 (e) 1/6– Ð ¿ º% 3 Ü ¼ 9, é ß – à º  H m

A

= 100 Ü ¼– Ð V , % 3  . È Òõ  % ò % i  q _  — ¸Ž  H ° ú כ\  @ /K " f

”

 ; Ÿ ¤“ É r ç  H{ 9 ô  Ç ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦ ˜ Ð# ŒÅ ғ ¦ e ”  . Õ ª Q  0 A © œ`  ¦ ¶ ú ˜ (

R˜ Ѐ  , ∆ = 1/2õ  1/3{ 9  M : s ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    _  ì  r à º » 1 Ï

˜

Ð  © œ“ É r y Œ •y Œ • (0, π/2) Õ ªo “ ¦ (0, 2π/3)_  s ”   0 A © œ ì  r Ÿ í

\

 ¦ ˜ Ð# ŒÅ ғ ¦ e ”  . Õ ª Q  ∆ 1/3˜ Ð   Œ • t €  , ì  r à º

»

1 Ϙ Ð  © œ[ þ t“ É r s ”   0 A © œ ì  r Ÿ í\   © œ{ © œy  # Á # Q " f  ×  æ 0 A

 ©

œ ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦ + þ A$ í ô  Ç   H  כ `  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  . 7 £ ¤, ∆ = 1/4, 1/5 Õ

ªo “ ¦ 1/6{ 9  M : s ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    _  ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ“ É r y Œ •y Œ • (0, π/4, π), (0, 2π/5, 6π/5) Õ ªo “ ¦ (0, π/3, 2π/3, 3π/2)ü <

° ú

 “ É r  ×  æ 0 A © œ ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦   ? /“ ¦ e ”  .

Fig. 3. Variations of the amplitude (solid line) and phase (dotted line) of the fractional Talbot imaging field in Eq.

(6) that are plotted as a function of η

0

, where the opening ratios are given by (a) ∆ = 1/2, (b) 1/3, (c) 1/4, (d) 1/5 and (e) 1/6, respectively, and m

A

= 100.

Figure 3 _    õ \  ¦ z  ´+ « >Ü ¼– Ð S X ‰ “   l  0 AK " f y Œ ™ F gÓ ü t

| 9

s  ¶ n s“ É r Ä »o €  \   ”   d ” y Œ •Z O Ü ¼– Ð l ‘ : r Å Òl  p = 900 µm s “ ¦, È Òõ  % ò % i _  q    É r s ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    \  ¦ ]

j Œ • % i  . s     \   © œ λ = 633 nm_  ó ¡ šµ ¢ §- W 1“ : r Y U s

$  F g`  ¦ q ð  r  6 £ §, (2p

2

/λ)(s + ∆/2) _   o (é ß –, s  H & ñ Ã

º e ” )\  Z  ~“    © œ€  \ " f Fig. 1õ  ° ú  s  =  G t y Œ • 1.12

“   á Ô o

7 £ §`  ¦ : Ÿ x K " f Ï ã J] X  ) a ç  H{ 9 ô  Ç F g`  ¦ ×  æ^ o ?r ( ” Ü ¼– Ð+ ‹ x 

›

¸(Fizeau) ç ß –[ O Á º] (\  ¦ % 3 % 3  . ç ß –[ O Á º] (_   Òì  r s 1 l x“ É r ì

 r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ_  0 A © œ ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦ ì ø Í% ò l  M :ë  H \  s \  ¦ : Ÿ x K 

"

f ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ_   ×  æ 0 A © œ ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦ · ú ˜ è ­ q à º e ”  .

Figure 4  H s ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    _  ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ€  \ " f CCD



”  l ( Œ ™$ í SBC 341)\  l 2 Ÿ ¤ ) a  © œ_  [ jl  x 9 0 A © œ ì  r Ÿ í _

  ”  s  .    _  È Òõ  % ò % i  q   H y Œ •y Œ • (a) ∆ = 1/2, (b) 1/3, (c) 1/4, (d) 1/5 x 9 (e) 1/6s  . y Œ •y Œ •_   ”  \ 

"

f 0 AA á ¤“ É r ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ_  [ jl  ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦   ? / 9,  A  A

á

¤“ É r ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ_  0 A © œ ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦ ì ø Í% ò   H x › ¸ ç ß –[ O Á º ]

(s  . È Òõ  % ò % i  q \  Á º › ' a >  s ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    _  ì  r Ã

º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ_  [ jl  ì  r Ÿ í  H ç  H{ 9 † < Ê`  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  . s  כ “ É r Fig. 3 _  z  ´‚  \ " f ˜ Ð# Œï  r ç  H{ 9 ô  Ç ”  ; Ÿ ¤ ì  r Ÿ íü < ¸ ú ˜ { 9 u 

“ ¦ e ”  . x › ¸ ç ß –[ O Á º] (\ " f ¸ Ï Š C  â \    è ß –  Ž “ É r ‚   [

þ

t _  ç ß –  “ É r 2π  n î ß –_  0 A © œ s \  ¦ ° ú   H  .  Ž “ É r ‚   [

þ

t _  ² D G ™ è& h  s 1 l x“ É r ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ_  0 A © œ    o\  q Y Vô  Ç



. \ V\  ¦ [ þ t€  , Fig. 4(a)\ " f  Ž “ É r ‚  [ þ t _  ² D G ™ è& h  s 1 l x

(4)

Fig. 4. The irradiance distributions (top) and interfer- ograms (bottom) for pure phase images of binary am- plitude gratings that are recorded at a fractional Talbot distance ζ = (2p

2

/λ)(s + ∆/2), where the gratings are of period p = 900 µm, and of opening ratios (a) ∆ = 1/2, (b) 1/3, (c) 1/4, (d) 1/5 and (e) 1/6, respectively.

Fringes of dark lines against a bright background have the same fringe interval of 2π radians. Shifts of the dark lines are proportional to local phase variations of imaging fields at fractional Talbot planes.

“ É

r ‚   ç ß –  _  1/4e ” `  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  . s  כ “ É r ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ _

 0 A © œs  (1/4) × 2π = π/2 ë ß –  p um ”       H s ”   ì  r Ÿ íe ” 

`

 ¦    · p . s  0 A © œ s 1 l x“ É r Fig. 3(a) _  & h ‚  õ  ¸ ú ˜ { 9 u 

“ ¦ e ”  .  ð ø Ít – Ð Fig. 4(b)\ " f  Ž “ É r ‚  [ þ t _  ² D G ™ è

&

h  s 1 l x“ É r ‚   ç ß –  _  1/3e ” `  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”   H X <, s  כ “ É r ì  r à º

»

1 Ϙ Ð  © œ_  0 A © œs  (1/3) × 2π = 2π/3 ë ß –  p um ”       H s 

”

  ì  r Ÿ íe ” `  ¦    · p . s  כ • ¸ % i r  Fig. 3(b)_  & h ‚  _  ì

 r Ÿ íü < ¸ ú ˜ ´ ú   H  . ° ú  “ É r ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼– Ð Fig. 4(c), (d) Õ ªo “ ¦ (e) \    è ß –  ×  æ Á º] ( s 1 l x`  ¦ ì  r$ 3 K ˜ Ѐ  , Fig. 3(c), (d) Õ ªo “ ¦ (e)_  & h ‚  Ü ¼– Ð ˜ Ð# Œï  r  ×  æ 0 A © œ ì  r Ÿ í\  ¦ Õ ª

@

/– Ð ì ø Í% ò “ ¦ e ” 6 £ §`  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  .

s

 © œ`  ¦ 7 á x ½ + ËK ˜ Ѐ   s ”   ”  ; Ÿ ¤    _  È Òõ  % ò % i  q 

y

Œ

™™ è½ + Éà º2 Ÿ ¤ ì  r à º » 1 Ϙ Ð  © œ“ É r s ”   0 A © œ ½ ¨› ¸\ " f & h & h  4 Ÿ ¤

¸ ú

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[1] S. Chang, Optik 116, 379 (2005).

[2] S. Chang, Optik 117, 287 (2006).

[3] S. Chang, Optik 117, 569 (2006).

[4] S. Chang and S. I. Lee, Optik 119, 742 (2008).

[5] S. Chang and S. I. Lee, Optik 121, 230 (2010).

[6] S. Chang and S. I. Lee, Optik, doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2009.07.004.

[7] A. W. Lohmann, Optik 79, 41 (1988).

[8] A. W. Lohmann and J. A. Thomas, Appl. Opt. 29, 4337 (1990).

[9] P. Szwaykowski and V. Arrizon, Appl. Opt. 32, 1109

(1993).

(5)

[10] V. Arrizon and J. Ojeda-Castaneda, Appl. Opt. 33, 5925 (1994).

[11] C. Zhou and L. Liu, Opt. Commun. 115, 40 (1995).

[12] C. Zhou, L. Wang and T. Tschudi, Opt. Commun.

147, 224 (1998).

[13] C. Zhou, S. Stankovic and T. Tschudi, Appl. Opt.

38, 284 (1999).

[14] C. Zhou, H. Wang, S. Zhao, P. Xi and L. Liu, Appl.

Opt. 40, 607-613 (2001).

[15] M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Perga-

mon, Oxford, 1980), p. 378-383

수치

Fig. 1. An optical setup for detecting the phase-type image of a binary amplitude grating with an opening ratio of ∆
Fig. 3. Variations of the amplitude (solid line) and phase (dotted line) of the fractional Talbot imaging field in Eq.
Fig. 4. The irradiance distributions (top) and interfer- interfer-ograms (bottom) for pure phase images of binary  am-plitude gratings that are recorded at a fractional Talbot distance ζ = (2p 2 /λ)(s + ∆/2), where the gratings are of period p = 900 µm, an

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