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(1)

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 1

1.L.1 1.L.1

1.L.1

(A), (B), (C)

의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은

?1】

To Our Employees,

This coming weekend, Rolling Meadow Lumber Company will be offering (A) [its / their] support to our local National Public Radio station in annual fundraising drive. We will be lending our telephone lines and other facilities to the station. We hope supporters of the station amongst our family of employees (B) [will join / joining] us in working the phones. We will have twelve phone lines to answer for twelve hours on each day; volunteers can sign up for blocks of two to four hours on each day. We will greatly appreciate your participation and (C) [provide / providing]

a buffet lunch. To register to participate, please contact the human resources department.

(A) (B) (C)

① their … joining … providing

② their … will join … provide

③ its … will join … providing

④ its … will join … provide

⑤ its … joining … providing

1.L.2 1.L.2

1.L.2 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.2】

To Our Employees,

This coming weekend, Rolling Meadow Lumber Company will be offering its support to our local National Public Radio station in annual fundraising drive.

(A) We will greatly appreciate your participation and provide a buffet lunch. To register to participate, please contact the human resources department.

(B) We will be lending our telephone lines and other facilities to the station. We hope supporters of the station amongst our family of employees will join us in working the phones.

(C) We will have twelve phone lines to answer for twelve hours on each day; volunteers can sign up for blocks of two to four hours on each day.

Sincerely, Melissa Pearl

① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

1.L.3 1.L.3

1.L.3 글의 흐름상

,

주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오

.3】

We hope supporters of the station amongst our family of employees will join us in working the phones.

To Our Employees,

This coming weekend, Rolling Meadow Lumber Company will be offering its support to our local National Public Radio station in annual fundraising drive. () We will be lending our telephone lines and other facilities to the station. (‚) We will have twelve phone lines to answer for twelve hours on each day; volunteers can sign up for blocks of two to four hours on each day. (ƒ) We will greatly appreciate your participation and provide a buffet lunch. („) To register to participate, please contact the human resources department. (…)

Sincerely, Melissa Pearl

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

1.L.4 1.L.4

1.L.4 밑줄 친

ⓐ~ⓔ

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?4】

To Our Employees,

This coming weekend, Rolling Meadow Lumber Company

ⓐwill be offering its support to our local National Public Radio station in ⓑannual fundraising drive. We will be lending our telephone lines and other facilities to the station. We hope supporters of the station amongst our family of employees will join us in ⓒworking the phones.

We will have twelve phone lines ⓓanswer for twelve hours on each day; volunteers can sign up for blocks of two to four hours on each day. We will greatly ⓔ appreciate your participation and provide a buffet lunch.

To register to participate, please contact the human resources department.

Sincerely, Melissa Pearl

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

(2)

1.1.1 1.1.1

1.1.1 밑줄 친

ⓐ~ⓔ

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?5】

Dear Mr. Baker,

My husband, Stan, was ⓐinvolved in a serious automobile accident this weekend while he was on a business trip in Seattle. The good news is that he is doing well, but he will ⓑbe hospitalized in Washington for a few weeks before he is ⓒenough stable to return to Pennsylvania. I am requesting a three-week unpaid leave of absence to be with him while he recovers. I would be away from the office ⓓbeginning Friday, July 1, and would return on or about Monday, July 25. As always, I'm concerned that our department maintains its usual high level of efficiency and quality. I have already brought my colleagues up ⓔto speed on my important projects and will be available by phone in case of an emergency.

Thank you for your consideration.

Sincerely, Esther Morgan

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

1.1.2 1.1.2

1.1.2 글의 흐름상

,

주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오

.6】

I would be away from the office beginning Friday, July 1, and would return on or about Monday, July 25.

Dear Mr. Baker,

My husband, Stan, was involved in a serious automobile accident this weekend while he was on a business trip in Seattle. () The good news is that he is doing well, but he will be hospitalized in Washington for a few weeks before he is stable enough to return to Pennsylvania. (‚) I am requesting a three-week unpaid leave of absence to be with him while he recovers. (ƒ) As always, I'm concerned that our department maintains its usual high level of efficiency and quality. („) I have already brought my colleagues up to speed on my important projects and will be available by phone in case of an emergency. (…) Thank you for your consideration.

Sincerely, Esther Morgan

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

1.2.1 1.2.1

1.2.1 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.7】

Negotiation is communication aimed at settling a matter. If you can't communicate, you can't negotiate. But don't think of communication as being the achievement only of a great speaker or writer. The level of communication skill needed for negotiating is only enough to make your position understood by another person. An advanced vocabulary is an asset to an essayist or a professor, but it isn't going to make a difference in a business negotiation.

Most business dealings are best done in simple, easy-to-understand language. You will get the point by comparing which of the following two sentences is easier to understand. "I can't allow myself to experience an excess of expenses over revenues as a result of accepting your offer." Or, "I can't accept this job on your terms because I will lose money."

① An advanced vocabulary is an asset to an essayist.

② Negotiation is communication aimed at settling a matter.

③ When negotiating, use simple, easy-to-understand language.

④ When negotiating, it's better to use an advanced vocabulary

⑤ Using an advanced vocabulary makes a difference in a business negotiation.

1.2.2 1.2.2

1.2.2 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오

.8】

Negotiation is communication aimed at settling a matter. If you can't communicate, you can't negotiate. But don't think of communication as being the achievement only of a great speaker or writer. The level of communication skill needed for negotiating is only enough to make your position understood by another person. An advanced vocabulary is an asset to an essayist or a professor, but it isn't going to make a difference in a business negotiation.

Most business dealings are best done in simple, easy-to-understand language. You will get the point by comparing which of the following two sentences is easier to understand. "I can't allow myself to experience an excess of expenses over revenues as a result of accepting your offer." Or, "I can't accept this job on your terms because I will lose money."

협상은 문제 해결을 목표로 하는 의사소통이다

.

의사소통을 할 수 없다면

,

협상도 할 수 없다

.

의사소통을 말을 매우 잘 사람만이 해내는 일로 생각할 필요는 없다

.

고급 어휘는 중요한 사업 협상에서만 사용되어야 한다

.

대부분의 사업 거래는 이해하기 쉬운 말을 사용할 때 가장 잘 이루어진다

.

(3)

1.2.3 1.2.3

1.2.3 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.9】

Negotiation is communication aimed at settling a matter.

If you can't communicate, you can't negotiate.

(A) An advanced vocabulary is an asset to an essayist or a professor, but it isn't going to make a difference in a business negotiation. Most business dealings are best done in simple, easy-to-understand language.

(B) But don't think of communication as being the achievement only of a great speaker or writer. The level of communication skill needed for negotiating is only enough to make your position understood by another person.

(C) You will get the point by comparing which of the following two sentences is easier to understand. "I can't allow myself to experience an excess of expenses over revenues as a result of accepting your offer." Or, "I can't accept this job on your terms because I will lose money."

① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

1.2.4 1.2.4

1.2.4

(A), (B), (C)

의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은

?10】

Negotiation is communication (A) [aimed / that aimed] at settling a matter. If you can't communicate, you can't negotiate. But don't think of communication as being the achievement only of a great speaker or writer. The level of communication skill needed for negotiating is only enough to make your position (B) [understood / understand] by another person. An advanced vocabulary is an asset to an essayist or a professor, but it isn't going to make a difference in a business negotiation. Most business dealings are best done in simple, easy-to- understand language. You will get the point by comparing (C) [which / that] of the following two sentences is easier to understand. "I can't allow myself to experience an excess of expenses over revenues as a result of accepting your offer." Or, "I can't accept this job on your terms because I will lose money."

(A) (B) (C)

① that aimed … understand … which

② that aimed … understand … that

③ aimed … understand … which

④ aimed … understood … that

⑤ aimed … understood … which

1.3.1 1.3.1

1.3.1

(A), (B), (C)

의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은

?11】

As Head of Special Collections for the University Library, I'm pleased to let you know about our plans to ensure the library continues to meet the ever-changing needs of our users. Last year the library (A) [received / was received] a record two million visits. While this is wonderful, it also causes damage to our resources. Students and graduates come, not only to use the books but to view online journals, e-books, museum objects and works of art. With more than 35km of Special Collections, and increased interest in them, extra support is (B) [required / requiring]

to help cope with this growing and changing demand. We have established the Library Foundation Fund to help us build on 400 years of collecting and to use the technological opportunities to make our collections more (C) [fully / full] accessible. I would be delighted if you were able to make a donation to support the fund. The collections are here for you and, with your donation, will be here for future generations.

(A) (B) (C)

① received … required … fully

② received … required … full

③ received … requiring … fully

④ was received … requiring … full

⑤ was received … requiring … fully

1.3.2 1.3.2

1.3.2 글의 흐름상

,

주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오

.12】

While this is wonderful, it also causes damage to our resources.

As Head of Special Collections for the University Library, I'm pleased to let you know about our plans to ensure the library continues to meet the ever-changing needs of our users. () Last year the library received a record two million visits. (‚) Students and graduates come, not only to use the books but to view online journals, e-books, museum objects and works of art. (ƒ) With more than 35km of Special Collections, and increased interest in them, extra support is required to help cope with this growing and changing demand. („) We have established the Library Foundation Fund to help us build on 400 years of collecting and to use the technological opportunities to make our collections more fully accessible. (…) I would be delighted if you were able to make a donation to support the fund. The collections are here for you and, with your donation, will be here for future generations.

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

(4)

1.4.1 1.4.1

1.4.1 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.13】

Very often it appears that ecotourism is just about wildlife.

(A) Indeed people are simply another form of animal life.

In many ecotourism destinations the landscape and the wildlife are a direct result of the interaction between humans and the rest of the wildlife. To ecotourists, therefore, both people and wildlife should be of equal importance.

(B) Tourists appear generally to be more interested in watching animals than they are in meeting and seeking to understand people of different cultures. Seeing an elephant or lion in Africa is seen as more important than meeting Maasai tribespeople.

(C) Observing the whales which live below the sea off Iceland and Norway is more interesting than finding out about the fishermen who work above the waves. Yet, ecotourism should be about ecosystems and ecosystems are about both wildlife and people.

① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

1.4.2 1.4.2

1.4.2 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은

?14】

Very often it appears that ecotourism is just about wildlife. Tourists appear generally to be more interested in watching animals than they are in meeting and seeking to understand people of different cultures. Seeing an elephant or lion in Africa is seen as more important than meeting Maasai tribespeople. Observing the whales which live below the sea off Iceland and Norway is more interesting than finding out about the fishermen who work above the waves. Yet, ecotourism should be about ecosystems and ecosystems are about both wildlife and people. Indeed people are simply another form of animal life. In many ecotourism destinations the landscape and the wildlife are a direct result of the interaction between humans and the rest of the wildlife. To ecotourists, therefore, both people and wildlife should be of equal importance.

① Tourists are interested in watching animals.

② People are simply another form of animal life.

③ Ecosystems are about both wildlife and people.

④ Ecotourists are to be interested in people as well as wildlife.

⑤ Ecotourists are not to have a negative influence on both people and wildlife.

1.4.3 1.4.3

1.4.3

(A), (B), (C)

의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은

?15】

Very often it appears that ecotourism is just about wildlife. Tourists appear generally to be more interested in watching animals than they (A) [are / do] in meeting and seeking to understand people of different cultures. Seeing an elephant or lion in Africa is seen as more important than meeting Maasai tribespeople. Observing the whales which live below the sea off Iceland and Norway (B) [is / are] more interesting than finding out about the fishermen who work above the waves. Yet, ecotourism should be about ecosystems and ecosystems are about both wildlife and people. Indeed people are simply another form of animal life. In many ecotourism destinations the landscape and the wildlife are a direct result of the interaction between humans and the rest of the wildlife.

To ecotourists, therefore, both people and wildlife should be of (C) [equal / equally] importance.

(A) (B) (C)

① are … is … equal

② are … is … equally

③ do … is … equal

④ do … are … equally

⑤ do … are … equal

1.4.4 1.4.4

1.4.4 다음 글의 빈칸

(A), (B)

에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은

?16】

Very often it appears that ecotourism is just about wildlife. Tourists appear generally to be more interested in watching animals than they are in meeting and seeking to understand people of different cultures. Seeing an elephant or lion in Africa is seen as more important than meeting Maasai tribespeople. Observing the whales which live below the sea off Iceland and Norway is more interesting than finding out about the fishermen who work above the waves. (A) __________, ecotourism should be about ecosystems and ecosystems are about both wildlife and people. Indeed people are simply another form of animal life. In many ecotourism destinations the landscape and the wildlife are a direct result of the interaction between humans and the rest of the wildlife.

To ecotourists, (B) __________, both people and wildlife should be of equal importance.

(A) (B)

① For example …… therefore

② Therefore …… instead

③ Yet …… in contrast

④ Yet …… therefore

⑤ For example …… nevertheless

(5)

다음 글을 읽고

,

물음에 답하시오

.

Yet, ecotourism should be about ecosystems and ecosystems are about both wildlife and people.

Very often it appears that ecotourism is just about wildlife. () Tourists appear generally to be more interested in watching animals than they are in meeting and seeking to understand people of different cultures.

(‚) Seeing an elephant or lion in Africa is seen as more important than meeting Maasai tribespeople. (ƒ) Observing the whales which live below the sea off Iceland and Norway is more interesting than finding out about the fishermen who work above the waves. („) __________

people are simply another form of animal life. In many ecotourism destinations the landscape and the wildlife are a direct result of the interaction between humans and the rest of the wildlife. (…) To ecotourists, therefore, _______

_______________.

1.4.5 1.4.5

1.4.5 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.17】

① tourism destinations are to be chosen carefully

② meeting Maasai tribespeople is more important

③ seeing an elephant or lion in Africa is interesting

④ both people and wildlife should be of equal importance

⑤ trying to understand people of different cultures is of no importance.

1.4.6 1.4.6

1.4.6 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.18】

① Therefore ② For example ③ However

④ Besides ⑤ Indeed

1.4.7 1.4.7

1.4.7 글의 흐름상

,

위에 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오

.19】

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

(6)

Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Chapter 2

2.L.1 2.L.1

2.L.1 글의 흐름상

,

주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오

.20】

As you probably know from your own experience, however, it is difficult to reach some people by telephone because modern technology makes it easy for them to avoid unwanted callers.

Telephone surveys offer the advantage of a low cost per interview and the possibility that a single interviewer can contact several hundred people a day. () Telephone surveys have been aided by computerized phone systems that speed up the contact process. (‚) Telephone surveys cost approximately half as much as personal interviews and they obtain comparable data. (ƒ) One survey researcher described it as follows: “The majority of American households now have answering machines, caller ID, or both, and substantial numbers of households use them to screen out unwanted calls. („) Many survey professionals report anecdotally that telephone response rates have sharply decreased over the last decade. (…)”

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

2.L.2 2.L.2

2.L.2 밑줄 친

ⓐ~ⓔ

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?21】

Telephone surveys offer the ⓐadvantage of a low cost per interview and the possibility that a single interviewer can contact several hundred people a day. Telephone surveys have been aided by computerized phone systems that ⓑspeed up the contact process. Telephone surveys cost approximately half as much as personal interviews and they obtain ⓒcomparable data. As you probably know from your own experience, however, it is difficult to reach some people by telephone because modern technology makes it easy for them to avoid unwanted callers. One survey researcher described it as follows:

“The majority of American households now have answering machines, caller ID, or both, and substantial numbers of households use them to ⓓscreen out unwanted calls. Many survey professionals report anecdotally that telephone response rates have sharply

ⓔincreased over the last decade.”

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

다음 글을 읽고

,

물음에 답하시오

.

Telephone surveys offer the advantage of a ⓐlow cost per interview and the possibility ⓑwhich a single interviewer can contact several hundred people a day.

Telephone surveys ①have aided computerized phone systems that speed up the contact process. Telephone surveys cost approximately half as ⓒmuch as personal interviews and they obtain comparable data. As you probably know from your own experience, __________

however, it is difficult to reach some people by telephone because modern technology (avoid easy unwanted makes to it for callers them). One survey researcher described it as follows: “The majority of American households now have answering machines, caller ID, or both, and ⓓ substantial numbers of households use them to screen out unwanted calls. Many survey professionals report anecdotally that telephone response rates have ⓔsharply decreased over the last decade.”

2.L.3 2.L.3

2.L.3 밑줄 친

ⓐ~ⓔ

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?22】

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

2.L.4 2.L.4

2.L.4 밑줄 친

부분을 어법과 문맥에 맞게 고쳐 쓰시오

.23】

→ _______ _______ _______ _____

2.L.5 2.L.5

2.L.5 밑줄 친 괄호 안에 주어진 낱말들을 어법과 문맥에 맞게 배열하시오

.24】

2.L.6 2.L.6

2.L.6 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.25】

① therefore ② for example ③ however

④ besides ⑤ in short

(7)

2.1.1 2.1.1

2.1.1 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.26】

Before the invention of printing, we had a different technology for communicating ideas and information.

(A) She is watching. Subconsciously she notes the widening of the speaker’s eyes, the movement of the hands, the swaying of the body, the responses of other listeners.

(B) It was called talking. It evolved over millions of years, and there is a lot more happening than just the words passing from brain to brain. There is modulation, tone, emphasis, passion. And the listener is not just listening.

(C) It all registers and makes a difference to the way the receiving brain categorizes and prioritizes the incoming information. By increasing the motivation to understand, the speaker’s lasting effect on the intellectual world of the listener may be far greater than the same words in print.

① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

2.1.2 2.1.2

2.1.2 글의 흐름상

,

주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오

.27】

And the listener is not just listening.

Before the invention of printing, we had a different technology for communicating ideas and information. It was called talking. () It evolved over millions of years, and there is a lot more happening than just the words passing from brain to brain. (‚) There is modulation, tone, emphasis, passion. (ƒ) She is watching.

Subconsciously she notes the widening of the speaker’s eyes, the movement of the hands, the swaying of the body, the responses of other listeners. („) It all registers and makes a difference to the way the receiving brain categorizes and prioritizes the incoming information. (…) By increasing the motivation to understand, the speaker’s lasting effect on the intellectual world of the listener may be far greater than the same words in print.

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

2.1.3 2.1.3

2.1.3

(A), (B), (C)

의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은

?28】

Before the invention of printing, we had a different technology for communicating ideas and information. It was called talking. It (A) [evolved / revolved] over millions of years, and there is a lot more happening than just the words passing from brain to brain. There is modulation, tone, emphasis, passion. And the listener is not just listening. She is (B) [watching / talking]. Subconsciously she notes the widening of the speaker’s eyes, the movement of the hands, the swaying of the body, the responses of other listeners. It all registers and makes a difference to the way the receiving brain categorizes and (C) [prioritizes / previews] the incoming information. By increasing the motivation to understand, the speaker’s lasting effect on the intellectual world of the listener may be far greater than the same words in print.

(A) (B) (C)

① evolved … watching … prioritizes

② evolved … watching … previews

③ evolved … talking … prioritizes

④ revolved … talking … previews

⑤ revolved … talking … prioritizes

2.1.4 2.1.4

2.1.4 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.29】

Before the invention of printing, we had a different technology for communicating ideas and information. It was called talking. It evolved over millions of years, and there is a lot more happening than just the words passing from brain to brain. There is modulation, tone, emphasis, passion. And the listener is not just listening. She is watching. Subconsciously she notes the widening of the speaker’s eyes, the movement of the hands, the swaying of the body, the responses of other listeners. It all registers and makes a difference to the way the receiving brain categorizes and prioritizes the incoming information.

By increasing the motivation to understand, the speaker’s lasting effect on the intellectual world of the listener may __________________________________.

remain the same as before be overestimated by the listener be overwhelmed by that of the listener be far greater than the same words in print not be so important as the same words in print

(8)

2.2.1 2.2.1

2.2.1 글의 흐름상

,

주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오

.30】

If it's properly stored, there's no waste.

When we're gathering ingredients for a recipe, we should try using frozen, canned, or dried foods. () They may be less expensive than fresh foods, yet are equally nutritious.

Produce is typically frozen, canned, or dried at the peak of ripeness, when nutrients are plentiful. (‚) Fish and poultry are often flash-frozen to minimize freezer damage and retain freshness. With frozen foods, we can use only the amount we need, reseal the package, and return it to the freezer. (ƒ) Canned foods are often sitting in a bath of juice, syrup, or salty water, and usually just require rinsing. Dried fruits are concentrated in flavor and a great substitute for fresh fruit. („) Also we can consider using powdered or evaporated versions of milk in soups or desserts. (…) We can also buy the form that gives us the best price for our needs.

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

2.2.2 2.2.2

2.2.2 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은

?31】

When we're gathering ingredients for a recipe, we should try using frozen, canned, or dried foods. They may be less expensive than fresh foods, yet are equally nutritious.

ⓐ Produce is typically frozen, canned, or dried at the peak of ripeness, when nutrients are plentiful. Fish and poultry are often flash-frozen to minimize freezer damage and retain freshness. ⓑ With frozen foods, we can use only the amount we need, reseal the package, and return it to the freezer. If it's properly stored, there's no waste.

ⓒ Although fresh foods are expensive, they are safe to eat without any damage in the freezer. ⓓ Canned foods are often sitting in a bath of juice, syrup, or salty water, and usually just require rinsing. ⓔ Dried fruits are concentrated in flavor and a great substitute for fresh fruit.

Also we can consider using powdered or evaporated versions of milk in soups or desserts. We can also buy the form that gives us the best price for our needs.

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

2.2.3 2.2.3

2.2.3 밑줄 친

ⓐ~ⓔ

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?32】

When we're gathering ingredients for a recipe, we should try using frozen, canned, or dried foods. They may be

ⓐless expensive than fresh foods, yet are ⓑequally nutritious. Produce is typically frozen, canned, or dried at the peak of ripeness, when nutrients are ⓒscanty. Fish and poultry are often flash-frozen to minimize freezer damage and retain freshness. With frozen foods, we can use only the amount we need, reseal the package, and return it to the freezer. If it's ⓓproperly stored, there's no waste. Canned foods are often sitting in a bath of juice, syrup, or salty water, and usually just require rinsing.

Dried fruits are concentrated in ⓔflavor and a great substitute for fresh fruit. Also we can consider using powdered or evaporated versions of milk in soups or desserts. We can also buy the form that gives us the best price for our needs.

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

2.2.4 2.2.4

2.2.4

(A), (B), (C)

의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은

?33】

When we're gathering ingredients for a recipe, we should try using frozen, canned, or dried foods. They may be less expensive than fresh foods, (A) [yet / so] are equally nutritious. Produce is typically frozen, canned, or dried at the peak of ripeness, when nutrients are plentiful. Fish and poultry are often flash-frozen to minimize freezer damage and (B) [retain / regain] freshness. With frozen foods, we can use only the amount we need, reseal the package, and return it to the freezer. If it's properly stored, there's no waste. Canned foods are often sitting in a bath of juice, syrup, or salty water, and usually just require rinsing. Dried fruits are concentrated in flavor and a great substitute for fresh fruit. Also we can consider using powdered or (C) [evaporated / elaborated] versions of milk in soups or desserts. We can also buy the form that gives us the best price for our needs.

(A) (B) (C)

① yet … retain … evaporated

② yet … retain … elaborated

③ yet … regain … evaporated

④ so … regain … elaborated

⑤ so … regain … evaporated

(9)

2.3.1 2.3.1

2.3.1 다음 글의 빈칸

(A), (B)

에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은

?34】

The long-term stability of the Egyptian agricultural system was maintained as long as there were only limited modifications to the natural flood regime. (A) __________, there were problems stemming from the fact that there could be major fluctuations from year to year in the flood level of the Nile and from a tendency for there to be sustained periods of especially high or low floods. In the short term the results for both Egyptian farming and society could be disastrous and these fluctuations had a major influence on the course of Egyptian history, particularly under the Pharaohs. Very high floods destroyed many settlements and the artificial works for containing water. Very low floods left some areas dry and lacking in silt. (B) __________, although the 1877 flood was only about 180 centimeters below normal, it still left about a third of the valley without water and silt. Either extreme reduced crop yields with severe social implications.

(A) (B)

① For example …… Therefore

② Therefore …… Instead

③ Likewise …… In contrast

④ However …… For example

⑤ For example …… Nevertheless

2.3.2 2.3.2

2.3.2 밑줄 친

ⓐ~ⓔ

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?35】

The long-term stability of the Egyptian agricultural system was maintained as long as there were only ⓐlimited modifications to the natural flood regime. However, there were problems stemming from the fact that there could be major ⓑfluctuations from year to year in the flood level of the Nile and from a tendency for there to be ⓒsustained periods of especially high or low floods. In the short term the results for both Egyptian farming and society could be

ⓓdisastrous and these fluctuations had a major influence on the course of Egyptian history, particularly under the Pharaohs. Very high floods destroyed many settlements and the artificial works for containing water. Very low floods left some areas dry and lacking in silt. For example, ⓔbecause the 1877 flood was only about 180 centimeters below normal, it still left about a third of the valley without water and silt. Either extreme reduced crop yields with severe social implications.

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

2.3.3 2.3.3

2.3.3 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.36】

The long-term stability of the Egyptian agricultural system was maintained as long as there were only limited modifications to the natural flood regime.

(A) Very low floods left some areas dry and lacking in silt.

For example, although the 1877 flood was only about 180 centimeters below normal, it still left about a third of the valley without water and silt. Either extreme reduced crop yields with severe social implications.

(B) However, there were problems stemming from the fact that there could be major fluctuations from year to year in the flood level of the Nile and from a tendency for there to be sustained periods of especially high or low floods.

(C) In the short term the results for both Egyptian farming and society could be disastrous and these fluctuations had a major influence on the course of Egyptian history, particularly under the Pharaohs. Very high floods destroyed many settlements and the artificial works for containing water.

① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

2.3.4 2.3.4

2.3.4 글의 흐름상

,

주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오

.37】

Very low floods left some areas dry and lacking in silt.

The long-term stability of the Egyptian agricultural system was maintained as long as there were only limited modifications to the natural flood regime. () However, there were problems stemming from the fact that there could be major fluctuations from year to year in the flood level of the Nile and from a tendency for there to be sustained periods of especially high or low floods. (‚) In the short term the results for both Egyptian farming and society could be disastrous and these fluctuations had a major influence on the course of Egyptian history, particularly under the Pharaohs. (ƒ) Very high floods destroyed many settlements and the artificial works for containing water. („) For example, although the 1877 flood was only about 180 centimeters below normal, it still left about a third of the valley without water and silt. (…) Either extreme reduced crop yields with severe social implications.

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

(10)

2.4.1 2.4.1

2.4.1

(A), (B), (C)

의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은

?38】

The impacts of tourism on the environment are evident to scientists, but not all residents attribute environmental damage to tourism. Residents commonly have positive views on the economic and some sociocultural influences of tourism on quality of life, but their reactions to environmental impacts are mixed. Some residents feel tourism (A) [provides / provided] more parks and recreation areas, improves the quality of the roads and public facilities, and does not contribute to ecological decline. Many do not blame tourism for traffic problems, overcrowded outdoor recreation, or the disturbance of peace and tranquility of parks. Alternatively, some residents express concern (B) [that / which] tourists overcrowd the local fishing, hunting, and other recreation areas or may cause traffic and pedestrian congestion.

Some studies suggest that variations in residents’ feelings about tourism’s relationship to environmental damage are related to the type of tourism, the extent (C) [to which / which] residents feel the natural environment needs to be protected, and the distance residents live from the tourist attractions.

(A) (B) (C)

① provides … that … to which

② provides … that … which

③ provides … which … to which

④ provided … which … which

⑤ provided … which … to which

다음 글을 읽고

,

물음에 답하시오

.

The impacts of tourism on the environment are evident to scientists, but not all residents ⓐattribute environmental damage to tourism. Residents commonly have positive views on the economic and some sociocultural influences of tourism on quality of life, but their reactions to environmental impacts are ⓑmixed. Some residents feel tourism provides more parks and recreation areas, improves the quality of the roads and public facilities, and does not contribute to ecological ⓒdecline. Many do not blame tourism for traffic problems, overcrowded outdoor recreation, or the disturbance of peace and tranquility of parks. __________ Alternatively, some residents express

concern that tourists overcrowd the local fishing, hunting, and other recreation areas or may cause traffic and pedestrian congestion. Some studies suggest that variations in residents’ feelings about tourism’s

type of tourism, the extent to which residents feel the natural environment needs to be protected, and the distance residents live from the tourist attractions.

2.4.2 2.4.2

2.4.2 밑줄 친

ⓐ~ⓔ

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?39】

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

2.4.3 2.4.3

2.4.3 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.40】

① Therefore ② For example ③ Alternatively

④ Above all ⑤ In short

2.4.4 2.4.4

2.4.4 글의 흐름상

,

주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오

.41】

Alternatively, some residents express concern that tourists overcrowd the local fishing, hunting, and other recreation areas or may cause traffic and pedestrian congestion.

The impacts of tourism on the environment are evident to scientists, but not all residents attribute environmental damage to tourism. () Residents commonly have positive views on the economic and some sociocultural influences of tourism on quality of life, but their reactions to environmental impacts are mixed. (‚) Some residents feel tourism provides more parks and recreation areas, improves the quality of the roads and public facilities, and does not contribute to ecological decline. (ƒ) Many do not blame tourism for traffic problems, overcrowded outdoor recreation, or the disturbance of peace and tranquility of parks. („) Some studies suggest that variations in residents’ feelings about tourism’s relationship to environmental damage are related to the type of tourism, the extent to which residents feel the natural environment needs to be protected, and the distance residents live from the tourist attractions. (…)

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

(11)

Chapter 3 제목 Chapter 3 제목 Chapter 3 제목

3.L.1 3.L.1

3.L.1 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.42】

Too often we overcome one resource limitation by stretching another. The effect, overall, can be likened to a rubber band that can stretch and then stretch some more.

Frequently, our solution to local resource shortages is to transport the limited resource from an area where it is more abundant or to manufacture alternatives using additional energy and other resources. While this process gives the impression of increasing abundance, like the rubber band that appears longer when stretched, continued expansion puts more tension on remaining resources. At the present time, our capacity for moving resources around and for powering industrial processes is enormous, but, like the rubber band, ________________.

① it will be unlimited

② it will continue to expand on and on.

③ there will be a point where the price will fall

④ there will be a point where further expansion will fail

⑤ resource limitation will be overcome by new technology

3.L.2 3.L.2

3.L.2

(A), (B), (C)

의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은

?43】

Too often we overcome one resource limitation by stretching another. The effect, overall, can be likened to a rubber band that can stretch and then stretch some more.

Frequently, our solution to local resource shortages (A) [is / are] to transport the limited resource from an area where it is more abundant or to manufacture alternatives using additional energy and other resources. While this process gives the impression of (B) [increasing / decreasing]

abundance, like the rubber band that appears longer when stretched, continued expansion puts more tension on remaining resources. At the present time, our capacity for moving resources around and for powering industrial processes is enormous, but, like the rubber band, there will be a point (C) [where / which] further expansion will fail.

(A) (B) (C)

① are … decreasing … which

② are … increasing … where

③ is … increasing … which

④ is … increasing … where

⑤ is … decreasing … which

3.L.3 3.L.3

3.L.3 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.44】

Too often we overcome one resource limitation by stretching another. The effect, overall, can be likened to a rubber band that can stretch and then stretch some more.

(A) While this process gives the impression of increasing abundance, like the rubber band that appears longer when stretched, continued expansion puts more tension on remaining resources.

(B) Frequently, our solution to local resource shortages is to transport the limited resource from an area where it is more abundant or to manufacture alternatives using additional energy and other resources.

(C) At the present time, our capacity for moving resources around and for powering industrial processes is enormous, but, like the rubber band, there will be a point where further expansion will fail.

① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

3.L.4 3.L.4

3.L.4 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오

.45】

Too often we overcome one resource limitation by stretching another. The effect, overall, can be likened to a rubber band that can stretch and then stretch some more.

Frequently, our solution to local resource Ⓐ __________

is to transport the limited resource from an area where it is more abundant or to manufacture alternatives using additional energy and other resources. While this process gives the impression of increasing Ⓑ __________ , like the rubber band that appears longer when stretched, continued expansion puts more tension on remaining resources. At the present time, our capacity for moving resources around and for powering industrial processes is

Ⓒ __________, but, like the rubber band, there will be a point where further expansion will fail.

① enormous ② shortages ③ abundance

(12)

3.L.5 3.L.5

3.L.5 밑줄 친

ⓐ~ⓔ

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?46】

Too often we overcome one resource limitation by ⓐ stretching another. The effect, overall, can be likened to a rubber band that can stretch and then stretch some more.

Frequently, our solution to local resource shortages is to transport the limited resource from an area ⓑ where it is more abundant or to manufacture alternatives using additional energy and other resources. While this process gives the impression of increasing abundance, like the rubber band that appears longer when stretched, continued expansion puts ⓒ more tension on remaining resources. At the present time, our capacity for moving resources around and for powering industrial processes

are enormous, but, like the rubber band, there will be a point where further expansion will ⓔ fail.

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

3.1.1 3.1.1

3.1.1 글의 흐름상

,

주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오

.47】

Now, write down every disadvantage you can think of.

Computer programmers call annoying program errors

"bugs": when they're "debugging," they're actually finding and fixing errors. () Debugging can be a boost to creativity —and a good way to come up with questions — because tiny annoyances are often symptoms of bigger problems. (‚) You can practice debugging by thinking of a product you use every day: your refrigerator, your toothbrush, your car keys, even your bathroom toilet. (ƒ) The product's flaws don't all have to make sense. Be unreasonable, be unfair, go on the attack. („) My toilet occasionally overflows; the seat is always up or down at the wrong time; it's cold in winter; sitting there is boring;

the flush is so loud it's embarrassing. (…) Once you have a list, think of ways to get rid of the bugs in order to make the product more efficient or more pleasant to use.

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

3.1.2 3.1.2

3.1.2 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.48】

Computer programmers call annoying program errors

"bugs": when they're "debugging," they're actually finding and fixing errors. Debugging can be a boost to creativity

—and a good way to come up with questions — because tiny annoyances are often symptoms of bigger problems.

(A) The product's flaws don't all have to make sense. Be unreasonable, be unfair, go on the attack. My toilet occasionally overflows; the seat is always up or down at the wrong time; it's cold in winter; sitting there is boring;

the flush is so loud it's embarrassing.

(B) Once you have a list, think of ways to get rid of the bugs in order to make the product more efficient or more pleasant to use.

(C) You can practice debugging by thinking of a product you use every day: your refrigerator, your toothbrush, your car keys, even your bathroom toilet. Now, write down every disadvantage you can think of.

① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

3.1.3 3.1.3

3.1.3 밑줄 친

ⓐ~ⓔ

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?49】

Computer programmers call annoying program errors

"bugs": when they're "debugging," they're actually finding and fixing errors. Debugging can be ⓐa boost to creativity —and a good way to come up with questions — because ⓑtiny annoyances are often symptoms of bigger problems. You can practice debugging by ⓒthinking of a product you use every day: your refrigerator, your toothbrush, your car keys, even your bathroom toilet.

Now, write down every ⓓadvantage you can think of. The product's flaws don't all have to make sense. Be unreasonable, be unfair, go on the attack. My toilet occasionally overflows; the seat is always up or down at the wrong time; it's cold in winter; sitting there is boring;

the flush is so loud it's embarrassing. Once you have a list, think of ways to get rid of the bugs in order to make the product more ⓔefficient or more pleasant to use.

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

(13)

3.2.1 3.2.1

3.2.1

(A), (B), (C)

의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은

?50】

We see the effects of lack of knowledge on creative performance every day, (A) [when / which] people come up with ideas that are original for them but that nevertheless have been thought of before. A strikingly pitiful case of this phenomenon is that of the Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, (B) [considered / considering] one of the most brilliant mathematical thinkers ever. Because of his lack of contact with the outside world, he unknowingly spent much of his lifetime independently “rediscovering” much of what was already known in Western mathematics. (C) [Had / Having] he first gained a broad perspective of his field, he could have avoided this amazing yet useless career and instead turned his considerable talents to advancing, not rehashing, the mathematical knowledge base.

(A) (B) (C)

① which … considering … Had

② which … considering … Having

③ when … considering … Had

④ when … considered … Having

⑤ when … considered … Had

3.2.2 3.2.2

3.2.2 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.51】

We see the effects of lack of knowledge on creative performance every day, when people come up with ideas that are original for them but that nevertheless have been thought of before.

(A) Because of his lack of contact with the outside world, he unknowingly spent much of his lifetime independently

“rediscovering” much of what was already known in Western mathematics.

(B) A strikingly pitiful case of this phenomenon is that of the Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, considered one of the most brilliant mathematical thinkers ever.

(C) Had he first gained a broad perspective of his field, he could have avoided this amazing yet useless career and instead turned his considerable talents to advancing, not rehashing, the mathematical knowledge base.

① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

3.2.3 3.2.3

3.2.3 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은

?52】

We see the effects of lack of knowledge on creative performance every day, when people come up with ideas that are original for them but that nevertheless have been thought of before. A strikingly pitiful case of this phenomenon is that of the Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, considered one of the most brilliant mathematical thinkers ever. Because of his lack of contact with the outside world, he unknowingly spent much of his lifetime independently “rediscovering” much of what was already known in Western mathematics. Had he first gained a broad perspective of his field, he could have avoided this amazing yet useless career and instead turned his considerable talents to advancing, not rehashing, the mathematical knowledge base.

① Srinivasa Ramanujan's career

② the mathematical knowledge base

③ coming up with ideas that are original

④ Srinivasa Ramanujan's considerable talents

⑤ effects of lack of knowledge on creative performance

3.2.4 3.2.4

3.2.4 밑줄 친

ⓐ~ⓔ

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?53】

We see the effects of lack of knowledge on creative performance every day, when people come up with ideas that are original for them but that nevertheless ⓐhave been thought of before. A strikingly pitiful case of this phenomenon is ⓑthat of the Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, considered one of the most brilliant mathematical thinkers ever. Because of his lack of contact with the outside world, he unknowingly spent much of his lifetime independently “ⓒrediscovering” much of what was already known in Western mathematics. Had he first gained a broad perspective of his field, he ⓓcould have avoided this amazing yet useless career and instead turned his considerable talents to ⓔadvance, not rehashing, the mathematical knowledge base.

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

(14)

3.3.1 3.3.1

3.3.1 글의 흐름상

,

주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오

.54】

If you do apply these double standards, you are constantly undermining yourself.

If you tend to undervalue yourself, you are almost certainly applying double standards: underrating yourself just because you are you and not someone else. () If you do value yourself less than you value other people, ask yourself "Why?" Is this fair? (‚) If you look at yourself from outside, as if you were someone else examining you as you are now, would you think differently? (ƒ) Are you downgrading your view of yourself just because it is you? Do you have one standard for others and a higher standard for yourself?

(„) It is like trying to build a house on top of a swamp.

(…) The house will not last, and its foundations will be constantly eroded.

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

3.3.2 3.3.2

3.3.2

(A), (B), (C)

의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은

?55】

If you tend to undervalue yourself, you are almost certainly applying double standards: underrating yourself just because you are you and not someone else. If you do value yourself (A) [less / more] than you value other people, ask yourself "Why?" Is this fair? If you look at yourself from outside, as if you were someone else examining you as you are now, would you think (B) [differently / different]? Are you downgrading your view of yourself just because it is you? Do you have one standard for others and a higher standard for yourself? If you do apply these double standards, you are constantly undermining yourself. It is (C) [like / alike] trying to build a house on top of a swamp. The house will not last, and its foundations will be constantly eroded.

(A) (B) (C)

① more … different … alike

② more … differently … like

③ less … differently … alike

④ less … differently … like

⑤ less … different … alike

3.3.3 3.3.3

3.3.3 밑줄 친

ⓐ~ⓔ

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?56】

If you tend to ⓐundervalue yourself, you are almost certainly applying double standards: ⓑunderrating yourself just because you are you and not someone else.

If you do value yourself less than you value other people, ask yourself "Why?" Is this fair? If you look at yourself from outside, as if you were someone else ⓒexamining you as you are now, would you think differently? Are you

upgrading your view of yourself just because it is you?

Do you have one standard for others and a higher standard for yourself? If you do apply these double standards, you are constantly ⓔundermining yourself. It is like trying to build a house on top of a swamp. The house will not last, and its foundations will be constantly eroded.

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

3.3.4 3.3.4

3.3.4 두 빈칸에 공통으로 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.57】

If you tend to undervalue yourself, you are almost certainly applying __________: underrating yourself just because you are you and not someone else. If you do value yourself less than you value other people, ask yourself "Why?" Is this fair? If you look at yourself from outside, as if you were someone else examining you as you are now, would you think differently? Are you downgrading your view of yourself just because it is you?

Do you have one standard for others and a higher standard for yourself? If you do apply these __________, you are constantly undermining yourself. It is like trying to build a house on top of a swamp. The house will not last, and its foundations will be constantly eroded.

① correct rules ② new ways

③ old methods ④ impartial rules

⑤ double standards

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