Lectotypification of the names Scrophularia alata and S. kakudensis (Scrophulariaceae)

164 JOURNAL OF SPECIES RESEARCH Vol. 10, No. 2

I

Comprising approximately 270 recognized species, the genus Scrophularia L. is one of the largest genera in the family Scrophulariaceae. These taxa are distributed bro a­

dly throughout temperate regions of the Northern Hemi­

sphere and sporadically in some regions of the Southern Hemisphere(Stiefelhagen, 1910; Hong, 1983). Several morphological characteristics of Scrophularia L. distin­

guish this genus from others, such as its opposite leaves, symmetrical and pot­like labiate corollas, five corolla lobes, four stamens with staminodes, and two divided capsules(Gorshkova, 1955; Yamazaki, 1993; Hong et al., 1998). Twelve species are recognized in Northeast Asia, including Northeast China, Japan, Korea, and the Russian Far East(Jang, 2016).

Scrophularia alata A. Gray grows on the seashores of Japan, Korea, and the Russian Far East. It has simple and stout roots, winged stems, rounded calyces, and a nectary

disk complete with ovaries. Another species, S. kakudensis Franch., thrives in the mountainous areas of northeastern China, Japan, and Korea. It has fusiform roots, pubescent stems, acute­shaped calyces, and a nectary disk deeply lobed with ovaries(Jang and Oh, 2013; Jang, 2016). The taxonomy of both species has been widely described in the literature(Yamazaki, 1993; Choi, 2007; Kamada et al., 2007; Han et al., 2009). While we were identifying the genus Scrophularia L. collected in Northeast Asia, we found that these two species described by Gray(1858) and Franchet(1879) were still untypified. According to Article 9.3 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants(ICN)(Shenzhen Code, Turland et al., 2018), a lectotype may be selected as the nomenclatural type from the original material, if the name was published without a holotype. Therefore, here we designate two spec­

imens as the lectotypes of S. alata A. Gray and S. kaku - densis Franch.

Journal of Species Research 10(2):164­167, 2021

Lectotypification of the names Scrophularia alata and S. kakudensis (Scrophulariaceae)

Hyun­Do Jang¹, Seong­Jin Ji², Tae­Kwon Noh³, Hyun­Kyung Oh¹ and Gi­Heum Nam^1,*

1Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea

2R & D Division, National Science Museum, Daedeokdae-ro 481, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34143, Republic of Korea

3Genetic Resources Information Center, National Institute of Biological Resources, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea

*Correspondent: namgih@korea.kr

According to Article 9.3 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants(Shenzhen Code), a lectotype may be selected as the nomenclatural type from the original material, if the name was published without a holotype. While reviewing the genus Scrophularia collected in Northeast Asia, we found that two species, S. alata A. Gray and S. kakudensis Franch., were still untypified. S. alata has three specimens considered as syntypes in two herbaria, Harvard University and the Smithsonian Institution.

For S. kakudensis, two specimens considered as syntypes at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris were classified as normal specimens, not type specimens. Therefore, two species of Scrophularia L. namely, S. alata A. Gray and S. kakudensis Franch., are lectotypified. The lectotypes are kept in the Harvard University and the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, respectively. Furthermore, some nomenclatural issues related to these names are discussed, and the photographs of the selected lectotypes are provided.

Keywords: lectotypification, Scrophulariaceae, Scrophularia alata, Scrophularia grayana, Scrophularia kakudensis

Ⓒ2021 National Institute of Biological Resources DOI:10.12651/JSR.2021.10.2.164

May 2021 Jang et al. Lectotypification of two Scrophularia taxa 165

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1. Scrophularia alata A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts ser. 2, 6: 401, 1858.

Type. JAPAN. Hakodadi, 1853-1856, C. Wright s.n.(lec­

totype, designated here: GH00091682!, Fig. 1)

The name S. alata was first published by Gilibert(1781- 1782). Gray(1858) subsequently published the same name based on the collections in Hakodadi and the straits of Sangar, Japan. Komarov(1907) later regarded the homo­

nym S. alata A. Gray(1858) as S. alata Gilibert(1782) and republished the replacement name S. grayana Maxim.

ex Kom. Since then, S. grayana has been the recognized name in the major references in Northeast Asia(Gorsh­

kova, 1955; Yamazaki, 1993; Lee, 1996). However, App­

endix I of the ICN(Turland et al., 2018) stipulates that all the scientific names in the Flora Lituanica Inchoata of Gilibert(1781-1782) be considered invalidly published because both binomials and polynomials were used in the nomenclature. Consequently, S. alata Gilibert became unacceptable, and S. grayana Maxim. ex Kom. has been treated as a superfluous name of S. alata A. Gray. Re­

garding the typification of S. alata, Gray(1858) wrote in the protologue that the two collection sites were “Hako­

dadi; Straits of Sangar” and the collector, “C. Wright”.

We found three specimens considered as syntypes of S.

alata A. Gray at Harvard University(GH) and the Smith­

sonian Institution(US). Two specimens(GH00091681, US00122180) were collected from “Straits of Sangar, Japan”, and the other one(GH00091682) was collected

Fig. 1. Lectotype of Scrophularia alata A. Gray(C. Wright s.n., GH00091682).

166 JOURNAL OF SPECIES RESEARCH Vol. 10, No. 2

from “Hakodadi, Japan” by C. Wright. We designated the specimen that was collected in Hakodadi(GH00091682) as the lectotype of S. alata A. Gray. The selected lecto­

type reflects the overall main characters of many flowers and fruits with well-developed inflorescences and winged stems. We treated the other two specimens as syntypes (GH00091681, US00122180).

2. Scrophularia kakudensis Franch., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.

26: 87, 1879.

Type. JAPAN. Mt. Kakudayama, without date, R.P. Fau- rie 391(lectotype, designated here: P03553921!, Fig. 2;

isolectotype, P03412148!)

Fig. 2. Lectotype of Scrophularia kakudensis Franch.(R.P. Faurie 391, P03553921).

May 2021 Jang et al. Lectotypification of two Scrophularia taxa 167

While describing S. kakudensis, Franchet(1879) re­

corded the collection site and collector without collec­

tion number in the protologue. We found two speci mens (Faurie 391) that correspond with information of the protologue at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris(P). These duplicates are considered as syntypes of S. kakudensis under Article 9.6 of the ICN(Turland et al., 2018). We assign specimen P03553921 as the lectotype of S. kakudensis Franch. The selected lectotype sheet is a well­preserved specimen that displays its diagnostic mor­

phological features needed for the identification of the species, such as ovate­lanceolate leaves, panicle­shaped inflorescences, and ovate-shaped calyces with acute apex (Jang, 2016).

a

This project was supported by a grant, titled “Inventory and Management of Endemic Species of Korea”(NIBR 20207101), from the National Institute of Biological Res­

ources of the Korean Government. We thank Dr. Kanchi N. Gandhi for the helpful comments on nomenclature.

r

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Submitted: January 19, 2021 Revised: February 2, 2021 Accepted: February 3, 2021