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MILES TO GO

THE RESPONSE TO HIV

IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

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(3)

Contents

Asia and the Pacific 2

Australia 12 Bangladesh 14 Cambodia 16 India 18 Indonesia 20 Japan 22 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 24 Malaysia 26 Mongolia 28 Myanmar 30 Nepal 32 New Zealand 34 Pakistan 36 Papua New Guinea 38 Philippines 40 Singapore 42

Sri Lanka 44

Thailand 46

Viet Nam 48

Annex on methods 51

(4)

2

Asia and the Pacific has made strong inroads with its HIV response. Sustained and focused efforts to reach key populations have led to major reductions in HIV infections in Cambodia, India, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Nam between 2010 and 2017. However, epidemics are expanding in Pakistan and Philippines.

The vast majority of new HIV infections in Asia and the Pacific are associated with current or former members of key populations and their partners. Unprotected sex between men—especially young men—is an increasingly important factor in many of the region’s HIV epidemics:

epidemics among gay men and other men who have sex with men are expanding in several countries. Key populations must remain at the core of HIV prevention.

HIV risk among young people within key populations is of particular concern: since 2010, new HIV infections among young people (aged 15–24 years) increased by 170% in Philippines and 29% in Pakistan.

AT A GLANCE

The HIV epidemic is not over yet: some countries in the region are on track to meet the Fast- Track Targets, but epidemics are expanding in Pakistan and Philippines.

1

While strong progress has been made in increasing access to life- saving HIV treatment, access to HIV prevention services for members of key populations and their intimate partners continue to lag.

2

Rising incidence of HIV among gay men and other men who have sex with men could lead to rebounding HIV epidemics in several countries in the region.

3

Some countries with

comprehensive harm reduction programmes have reduced new HIV infections among people who inject drugs, but access to harm reduction services is still not adequate across the region.

4

Active and well-supported community involvement is crucial for the success of the HIV response in the region.

5

Asia and the Pacific

Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates.

Percent change in new HIV infections between 2010 and 2017 and the proportion of new HIV infections that were among young people aged 15–24 years in 2017, Asia and the Pacific

Decreasing Increasing Stable Rest of the population

23%

77%

Young people aged 15–24 years Data not available

(5)

New HIV infections in Asia and the Pacific decreased by 14% during 2010–2017 and annual deaths from AIDS-related illness declined by 39% during that same period. The combined progress reduced the region’s incidence:prevalence ratio to a comparatively low 0.05 [0.04–0.08] in 2017; it is steadily moving towards the 0.03 epidemic transition benchmark. Slower progress on HIV prevention compared to treatment translates to steadily increasing numbers of people living with HIV and rising costs for HIV-related health care.

Sex workers

Gay men and other men who have sex with men

Transgender women Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations

Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates.

Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates.

Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates.

Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates.

Cambodia China India Indonesia Malaysia

Nepal Pakistan Papua New Guinea Philippines Thailand

Rest of the region Viet Nam

Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates.

Myanmar People who inject drugs

700 000

200 000 100 000 0 600 000 500 000 400 000 300 000

2000 20172010

Number of new HIV infections

Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 =

-14%

23%

18% 31%

3%

4%

7%

1%7%2%4% 3%

40%

23%

9%

8%

5%

4%4%

2%

1%

1% 3%

700 000 600 000

100 000 0 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000

2000 20172010

Number of AIDS-related deaths

Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 =

-39%

Incidence:prevalence ratio

0.35

0.00 0.30 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05

1990 1993 20171996 1999 20052002 2008 2011 2014

2017incidence:prevalence ratio=

0.05 [0.04–0.08]

Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population

New HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population 1 200 000

200 000 0 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 400 000

1990 1993 20171996 1999 20052002 2008 2011 2014

Distribution of new HIV infections, by population group, Asia and the Pacific, 2017

Number of new HIV infections, Asia and the Pacific, 2000–2017 Number of AIDS-related deaths, Asia and the Pacific, 2000–2017

Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, Asia and the Pacific, 1990–2017

Incidence:prevalence ratio, Asia and the Pacific, 1990–2017

Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, Asia and the Pacific, 2017

NEW HIV INFECTIONS AIDS-RELATED DEATHS Target value

Rest of population

Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour.

Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018.

4%

14%

29%

16%

35%

2%

(6)

4

LAWS AND POLICIES SCORECARD

Country Criminalization of transgender people Criminalization of sex work Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts Drug use or possession for personal use an of

fence Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or r

esidence permits or for certain groups

Afghanistan

Australia a

Bangladesh Bhutan

Brunei-Darussalam

Cambodia b

China Cook Islands

Democratic People's Republic of Korea Fiji

India Indonesia Japan Kiribati

Lao People's Democratic Republic Malaysia

Maldives Marshall Islands

Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia

a Australia. Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017. Sec 2CA (https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017A00129).

b Kingdom of Cambodia. The Law on the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS. No. NS/RKM/0702/015. 1 August 2002.

Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018.

Sources: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted.

Data not available

Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work

Criminalized and/or prosecuted Data not available Data not available Yes Yes Yes Yes

Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized

Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified No No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No No

Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available

Data not available

Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation

Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available No Data not available

Data not available Death penalty

Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law

Data not available

4

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c Independent State of Samoa. Crimes Act 2013, No. 10. Sec 67 (http://www.palemene.ws/new/wp-content/uploads//01.Acts/Acts%202013/Crimes_Act_2013_-_Eng.pdf).

Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law

Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work

Criminalized and/or prosecuted Data not available Data not available Yes Yes Yes Yes

Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized

Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified No No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No No

Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available

Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available No Data not available Data not available Data not available Death penalty Data not available

Country Criminalization of transgender people Criminalization of sex work Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts Drug use or possession for personal use an of

fence Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosur or exposure to HIV transmission Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or r

esidence permits or for certain groups

Myanmar Nauru Nepal New Zealand Niue Pakistan Palau

Papua New Guinea Philippines Republic of Korea

Samoa c

Singapore Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Viet Nam

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6

Successive surveys in Cambodia, India, Thailand and Viet Nam indicate that attitudes towards people living with HIV have improved. At the same time, 50% or more of people surveyed in Afghanistan, Indonesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan and Timor- Leste said they would not buy vegetables from a vendor living with HIV (1).

While several countries in the region have earned plaudits with their HIV programmes for female sex workers, stigma and discrimination still poses a major barrier in places like Fiji, where more than half (59%) of female sex workers reported avoiding health-care services due to stigma and discrimination. In Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Thailand, by contrast, only 2% and 11% of female sex workers, respectively, reported similar trepidation (1). Three quarters (75%) of gay men and other men who have sex with the men in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and about one third (36%) of their peers in Fiji said that stigma and discrimination deterred them from visiting health- care facilities (2).

More than a quarter of women reported being physically or sexually assaulted by an intimate partner in the previous 12 months in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nauru and Timor-Leste (3). One in five transgender women in India experienced sexual violence in the last 12 months, and one quarter of transgender women in Bangladesh reported being raped in the last 12 months (4).

STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION

Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2016.

*Female respondents only.

Source: Population-based surveys, 2000–2016.

Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, 2014–2017.

Source: Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2014–2017.

60

40 50

30 20 10 0

Bangladesh Viet Nam

Per cent

Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months

Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

Per cent

Afghanistan Cambodia India

Indonesia Mongolia* Myanmar Nepal Pakistan

Thailand* Timor-Leste Viet Nam*

10090 8070 6050 4030 2010 0

Bangladesh*

80 70 60

20 10 30 40 50

0

Female

sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex

with men Avoidance of health care

Gay men and other men who have sex

with men

People who inject drugs

Per cent

Fiji Lao People's Democratic Republic Thailand Myanmar Avoidance of HIV testing

50 45 40 35 30

20 25

15 10 0 5

Nauru Afghanistan BangladeshTimor-Leste India Sri Lanka Pakistan Nepal

Marshall Islands Myanmar Cambodia Bhutan

Philippines

Per cent

Percentage of men and women aged 15–49 years who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, Asia and the Pacific, 2000–2016

Percentage of people living with HIV who experienced discrimination in healthcare settings, countries with available data, Asia and the Pacific, 2014–2017

Percentage of key populations who reported having avoided health-care services and HIV testing in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, countries with available data, Asia and the Pacific, 2014–2017

Percentage of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, Asia and the Pacific, 2012–2016

6

(9)

Source: 2017 and 2018 National Commitments and Policy Instrument. Information based on communications with national HIV programmes and UNAIDS country offices in Asia and the Pacific, 2017.

While several countries have successfully reduced HIV transmission during sex work, the region has had less success in reversing the HIV epidemics among gay men and other men who have sex with men. Coverage of prevention programmes for this population are low, and services tend to be focused chiefly in large cities.

There has been an encouraging increase in the number of countries offering pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), albeit mainly through pilot projects and at demonstration sites. By March 2018, PrEP was available on a limited basis to gay men and other men who have sex with men in China, India, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam

1

. In Australia, PrEP is being provided at scale.

When harm reduction programmes have been provided at scale in Asia and the Pacific, they have led to declines in HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (such as in Malaysia). Fourteen countries across Asia were implementing needle–syringe programmes in 2016, but very few of them have expanded their programmes in recent years (5).

1 Information based on communication with national HIV programmes and UNAIDS country offices in Asia and the Pacific, 2017.

Availability of pre-exposure prophylaxis for key populations through pilot projects and demonstration sites, Asia and the Pacific, March 2018

Gay men and other men who have sex with men, sex workers and transgender persons Gay men and other men who have sex with men,

sex workers and people who inject drugs, and transgender persons Gay men and other men who have sex with men,

sex workers and people who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men PrEP not available to any key populations Data not available

(10)

8

Among the 5.2 million [4.1–6.7 million] people living with HIV in Asia and the Pacific at the end of 2017, 74% [52– >95%] were aware of their HIV status, an increase from 70% [49–94%] in 2016. The gap to achieving the first 90 of the 90–90–90 targets in 2017 was 816 000 people living with HIV.

About 2.7 million [2.4–2.9 million] people in the region were accessing antiretroviral therapy in 2017, or 53% [37–72%] of all people living with HIV. The gap to achieving the first and second 90s of the 90–90–90 targets in 2017 was 1.5 million people living with HIV.

The estimated percentage of people living with HIV who achieved viral suppression increased from 38%

[27–52%] in 2016 to 45% [31–61%] in 2017. The gap to achieving all three 90s in 2017 was the testing, treatment and viral suppression of an additional 1.4 million people living with HIV.

HIV TESTING AND TREATMENT

HIV testing and treatment cascade, Asia and the Pacific, 2017

Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details.

People living with HIV who know their status

Gap to reaching the first 90:

816 000

People living with HIV

on treatment People living with HIV

who are virally suppressed 6

4 5

3

1 2

0

Number of people living with HIV (million)

Gap to reaching the first and second 90s:

1.5 million Gap to reaching

the three 90s:

1.4 million

[52–95%]74% 53%

[37–72%] 45%

[31–61%]

8

(11)

Although decreasing, the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Asia and the Pacific remains comparatively high—17% in 2017. Programme coverage has more than doubled since 2010, but it remains among the lowest in the world. Only about half (56%) of the estimated 61 000 women living with HIV who gave birth in the region in 2017 received effective antiretroviral prophylaxis in 2017.

Only a quarter of HIV-exposed infants received early infant diagnosis.

Cascade of services for preventing vertical transmission and transmission rate, Asia and the Pacific, 2017

Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates; 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring.

INVESTMENT

In total, an estimated US$ 3.7 billion was available in 2017 for the AIDS response in Asia and the Pacific.

Financial resource availability in Asia and the Pacific has increased by 76% since 2006. While domestic resources have doubled over the last decade, a global shift in donor priorities towards countries with large disease burdens has contributed to a 30% decline in international funding for HIV programmes in the region. A 25% overall increase in resources is needed by 2020 to reach the region’s Fast-Track resource target of US$ 4.9 billion. Domestic resources comprised 78.4% of total HIV investments. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) and the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) contributed 7.3% and 4.1%, respectively.

HIV resource availability by source, 2006–2017 and projected resource needs by 2020, Asia and the Pacific

*Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars.

Source: UNAIDS 2018 resource availability and needs estimates.

6000

4000

2000

0 5000

3000

1000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US$ (million)

Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other international Resource needs (Fast-Track) Transmission

16.9%rate [15.3–18.5%]

60 000

50 000

30 000 40 000

20 000

10 000 70 000

Number of births to women living with HIV

Births to women living with

HIV

Women receiving antiretrovirals to

prevent vertical transmission

Infants tested by 8 weeks

of age

New child infections 0

[43–74%]56%

[19–31%]25%

(12)

1 0 1 0

References

1. Population-based surveys, 2012–2017.

2. Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2014–2017.

3. Population-based surveys, 2012–2016.

4. Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2014–2016.

5. Global state of harm reduction 2016. London: Harm Reduction International: 2016.

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12

AUSTRALIA

COUNTRY DATA

Domestic private Domestic public International: PEPFAR International: Global Fund International:

all others Total

Last available report: 2006 ... US$ 101 415 112 ... ... ... US$ 101 415 112

EXPENDITURES

Financing sources Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-

disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission ...

Criminalization of sex work ...

Drug use or possession for personal use is an

offence ...

Criminalization of transgender people ...

Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV ...

Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV

testing ...

Spousal consent for married women to access sexual and reproductive health services ...

Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups ...

Proportion of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical or sexual violence from a male intimate partner in the past 12 months Percentage of people living with HIV denied health services because of their HIV status in the last 12 months

Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 years who report discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV

Percentage of people living with HIV who reported a health-care professional told others about their HIV status without their consent

LAWS AND POLICIES STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION

Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts

Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed

VIOLENCE

2005 2010 2017

New HIV infections

New HIV infections (all ages) 860 [690–970]

930 [750–1100]

1000 [800–1100]

New HIV infections (0–14) ...

[...–...]

...

[...–...]

...

[...–...]

New HIV infections (women, 15+) <100 [<100– <200]

<100 [<100– <200]

<200 [<100– <200]

New HIV infections (men, 15+) 770 [590–880]

830 [650–960]

900 [690–1000]

HIV incidence per 1000 population 0.04 [0.03–0.05] 0.04 [0.03–0.05] 0.04 [0.03–0.05]

AIDS-related deaths

AIDS-related deaths (all ages) <500 [<200– <500]

<500 [<200– <500]

<200 [<100– <500]

AIDS-related deaths (0–14) ...

[...–...]

...

[...–...]

...

[...–...]

AIDS-related deaths (women, 15+) <100 [<100– <100]

<100 [<100– <100]

<100 [<100– <100]

AIDS-related deaths (men, 15+) <500 [<200– <500]

<500 [<200– <500]

<200 [<100– <500]

People living with HIV

People living with HIV (all ages) 16 000 [14 000–19 000]

20 000 [18 000–23 000]

26 000 [23 000–29 000]

People living with HIV (0–14) ...

[...–...]

...

[...–...]

...

[...–...]

People living with HIV (women, 15+) 1500 [1300–1700]

2000 [1700–2200]

2700 [2500–3000]

People living with HIV (men, 15+) 15 000 [13 000–17 000]

18 000 [16 000–21 000]

23 000 [20 000–27 000]

EPIDEMIC ESTIMATES

(15)

― Women ...

― Men ...

― Women ...

― Men ...

...

Not applicable

Not applicable

...

― Use of sterile injecting equipment at

last injection (2015) 74%

― Needles and syringes distributed per

person who injects (2016) 624.88

― Coverage of opioid substitution

therapy ...

― Naloxone available (2016) ...

― Safe injection rooms available (2016) ...

Harm reduction

HIV PREVENTION

Knowledge of HIV prevention among young people aged 15–24 years

Condom use at last higher-risk sex (with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner)

Women aged 15–49 years who have their demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods

Men aged 15–49 years who are circumcised Male circumcisions performed according to national standards

People who received PrEP at least once during the reporting period (2017)

All ages ...%

[...–...%]

82%

[73–93%]

...%

[...–...%]

Children (0–14) ...%

[...–...%]

...%

[...–...%]

...%

[...–...%]

Women (15+) ...%

[...–...%]

94%

[85– >95%]

...%

[...–...%]

Men (15+) ...%

[...–...%]

81%

[71–92%]

...%

[...–...%]

...

Is antiretroviral therapy provided in community settings (such as outside health facilities) for people who are stable on antiretroviral therapy?

HIV TESTING AND TREATMENT CASCADE

Gap to reaching the second 90:

0

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

People living with HIV who know

their status People living with HIV on

treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Number of people living with HIV

workersSex

Gay men and other men who have sex with men

People who

inject drugs Transgender

people Prisoners Estimated number of incident tuberculosis cases among people living with HIV (2016)

29 [25–34]

Estimated size of population ... 263 530 79 055 ... 38 845

HIV prevalence ... 18.3% 1.7% ... ...

Know their HIV status ... ... ... ...

Antiretroviral therapy coverage ... 78% ... ... ...

Condom use ... 38.3% 31.9% ...

Coverage of HIV prevention

programmes ... ... ... ...

Avoidance of health care because of stigma and

discrimination ... ... ... ... Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and

hepatitis C virus starting hepatitis C

treatment ...

Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus receiving combined

treatment ...

KEY POPULATIONS HIV COMORBIDITIES

Proportion of people living with HIV newly enrolled in HIV care with active tuberculosis (2016)

Cervical cancer screening of women living with HIV

...

...

Change in new HIV infections

since 2010

= 8%

Change in AIDS-

related deaths

since 2010

= -53%

Incidence:

prevalence

ratio

= 0.04

0 200 400 600 800 1 000 1 200

2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of people

New HIV infections

0 100 200 300 400 500

2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of people

AID S-related deaths

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12

1990 2000 2010

Rate

Incidence:prevalence ratio Targ et

0 500 1 000 1 500

2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of people

New HIV infections Deaths among people living with HIV

2010 2017

...%

[...–...%]

...%

[...–...%]

...%

[...–...%]

...%

[...–...%]

ELIMINATION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION

Percentage of pregnant women living with HIV accessing antiretroviral medicines

Early infant diagnosis

(16)

14

BANGLADESH

COUNTRY DATA

Domestic private Domestic public International: PEPFAR International: Global Fund International:

all others Total

Last available report: 2017 US$ 1286 US$ 311 024 ... US$ 6 099 087 ... US$ 7 103 747

EXPENDITURES

Financing sources Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-

disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission No 2013

Criminalization of sex work Partial criminalization of sex work 34.6*

2017 5

Drug use or possession for personal use is an offence

Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence

2017 Criminalization of transgender people Neither criminalized nor

prosecuted 5

Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV No Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV

testing Yes, for adolescents younger than

18 years 2015

Spousal consent for married women to access

sexual and reproductive health services No 28.8

Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or

residence permits or for certain groups No *Female respondents only

Proportion of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical or sexual violence from a male intimate partner in the past 12 months Percentage of people living with HIV denied health services because of their HIV status in the last 12 months

Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 years who report discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV

Percentage of people living with HIV who reported a health-care professional told others about their HIV status without their consent

LAWS AND POLICIES STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION

Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts Yes, imprisonment (14 years - life)

VIOLENCE

2005 2010 2017

New HIV infections

New HIV infections (all ages) 1700 [1500–1900]

1500 [1400–1700]

1700 [1500–1800]

New HIV infections (0–14) <100 [<100– <100]

<100 [<100– <100]

<100 [<100– <100]

New HIV infections (women, 15+) <500 [<500– <500]

530 [<500–600]

520 [<500–590]

New HIV infections (men, 15+) 1200 [1100–1300]

930 [830–1100]

1100 [990–1200]

HIV incidence per 1000 population 0.01 [0.01–0.01] 0.01 [<0.01–0.01] 0.01 [<0.01–0.01]

AIDS-related deaths

AIDS-related deaths (all ages) <500 [<500– <500]

880 [720–1100]

1100 [930–1200]

AIDS-related deaths (0–14) <100 [<100– <100]

<100 [<100– <100]

<100 [<100– <100]

AIDS-related deaths (women, 15+) <100 [<100– <100]

<500 [<200– <500]

<500 [<500– <500]

AIDS-related deaths (men, 15+) <500 [<200– <500]

630 [520–760]

690 [610–780]

People living with HIV

People living with HIV (all ages) 6400 [5800–7100]

10 000 [9100–12 000]

13 000 [11 000–15 000]

People living with HIV (0–14) <100 [<100– <100]

<200 [<200– <500]

<500 [<500– <500]

People living with HIV (women, 15+) 1500 [1300–1700]

3200 [2800–3600]

4400 [3800–5000]

People living with HIV (men, 15+) 4800 [4300–5400]

7000 [6100–8100]

8500 [7300–9900]

EPIDEMIC ESTIMATES

(17)

― Women 12.7%

― Men ...

― Women ...

― Men ...

72.6%

Not applicable

Not applicable

...

― Use of sterile injecting equipment at

last injection (2015) 83.9%

― Needles and syringes distributed per

person who injects (2017) 125.36

― Coverage of opioid substitution

therapy (2017) 2.6%

― Naloxone available (2016) No

― Safe injection rooms available (2016) No Harm reduction

HIV PREVENTION

Knowledge of HIV prevention among young people aged 15–24 years (2014)

Condom use at last higher-risk sex (with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner)

Women aged 15–49 years who have their demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (2014)

Men aged 15–49 years who are circumcised Male circumcisions performed according to national standards

People who received PrEP at least once during the reporting period (2017)

All ages 35%

[31–41%]

19%

[16–22%]

...%

[...–...%]

Children (0–14) 81%

[71–94%]

37%

[32–42%]

...%

[...–...%]

Women (15+) 34%

[30–39%]

19%

[16–21%]

...%

[...–...%]

Men (15+) 34%

[30–40%]

18%

[16–21%]

...%

[...–...%]

No Is antiretroviral therapy provided in community settings (such as

outside health facilities) for people who are stable on antiretroviral therapy?

HIV TESTING AND TREATMENT CASCADE

Gap to reaching the first 90:

7186

Gap to reaching the second 90:

8193

0 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000 12 000 14 000

People living with HIV who know

their status People living with HIV on

treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Number of people living with HIV

workersSex

Gay men and other men who have sex with men

People who

inject drugs Transgender

people Prisoners Estimated number of incident tuberculosis cases among people living with HIV (2016)

500 [250–840]

Estimated size of population 139 961 101 695 33 066 10 199 73 433

HIV prevalence 0.2% 0.2% ... 1.4% ...

Know their HIV status 31.2% ... ... 35.1%

Antiretroviral therapy coverage 78.3% 53.9% 30.9% 66.7% ...

Condom use 66.7% 45.8% 34.9% 41.1%

Coverage of HIV prevention

programmes 15.2% 4.4% 27.8% 15.2%

Avoidance of health care because of stigma and

discrimination ... ... ... ... Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and

hepatitis C virus starting hepatitis C

treatment ...

Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus receiving combined

treatment ...

KEY POPULATIONS HIV COMORBIDITIES

Proportion of people living with HIV newly enrolled in HIV care with active tuberculosis (2016)

Cervical cancer screening of women living with HIV

11.4%

...

Change in new HIV infections

since 2010

= 10%

Change in AIDS-

related deaths

since 2010

= 20%

Incidence:

prevalence

ratio

= 0.13

0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000

2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of people

New HIV infections

0 200400 600 1 000800 1 200 1 400

2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of people

AID S-related deaths

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

1990 2000 2010

Rate

Incidence:prevalence ratio Targ et

0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000

2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of people

New HIV infections Deaths among people living with HIV

2010 2017

14%

[11–16%]

17%

[15–21%]

2%

[2–3%]

14%

[12–16%]

ELIMINATION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION

Percentage of pregnant women living with HIV accessing antiretroviral medicines

Early infant diagnosis

(18)

16

CAMBODIA

COUNTRY DATA

Domestic private Domestic public International: PEPFAR International: Global Fund International:

all others Total

Last available report: 2012 US$ 956 837 US$ 5 212 931 ... US$ 20 211 071 US$ 20 182 528 US$ 50 883 717

EXPENDITURES

Financing sources Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-

disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission Yes 2005 2014

Criminalization of sex work Other punitive regulation of sex

work 31.8 19.4

Drug use or possession for personal use is an

offence ...

Criminalization of transgender people Neither criminalized nor prosecuted

Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV No Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV

testing Yes, for adolescents younger than

18 years 2005 2014

Spousal consent for married women to access

sexual and reproductive health services No 9 10.9

Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups No

Proportion of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical or sexual violence from a male intimate partner in the past 12 months Percentage of people living with HIV denied health services because of their HIV status in the last 12 months

Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 years who report discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV

Percentage of people living with HIV who reported a health-care professional told others about their HIV status without their consent

LAWS AND POLICIES STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION

Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts No specific legislation

VIOLENCE

2005 2010 2017

New HIV infections

New HIV infections (all ages) 3800 [3400–4200]

1600 [1400–1800]

590 [530–650]

New HIV infections (0–14) 720

[600–890]

<500 [<500– <500]

<100 [<100– <200]

New HIV infections (women, 15+) 1900 [1700–2100]

700 [610–770]

<500 [<500– <500]

New HIV infections (men, 15+) 1200 [1100–1300]

540 [<500–600]

<500 [<500– <500]

HIV incidence per 1000 population 0.29 [0.26–0.31] 0.11 [0.1–0.12] 0.04 [0.03–0.04]

AIDS-related deaths

AIDS-related deaths (all ages) 7400 [6400–8300]

2300 [1400–3700]

1300 [1000–1900]

AIDS-related deaths (0–14) <500 [<500–590]

<200 [<200– <500]

<100 [<100– <100]

AIDS-related deaths (women, 15+) 2700 [2300–3100]

810 [<500–1300]

590 [<500–930]

AIDS-related deaths (men, 15+) 4200 [3700–4900]

1300 [690–2200]

710 [540–980]

People living with HIV

People living with HIV (all ages) 87 000 [72 000–110 000]

78 000 [67 000–93 000]

67 000 [58 000–79 000]

People living with HIV (0–14) 4700 [4100–5600]

5100 [4300–6000]

3300 [2700–4200]

People living with HIV (women, 15+) 38 000 [33 000–46 000]

37 000 [32 000–44 000]

34 000 [30 000–39 000]

People living with HIV (men, 15+) 44 000 [34 000–56 000]

36 000 [30 000–44 000]

30 000 [25 000–35 000]

EPIDEMIC ESTIMATES

(19)

― Women 37.6%

― Men 45.9%

― Women 41.5%

― Men 72.8%

56.5%

Not applicable

Not applicable

...

― Use of sterile injecting equipment at

last injection (2017) 93.5%

― Needles and syringes distributed per

person who injects (2017) 304.64

― Coverage of opioid substitution

therapy ...

― Naloxone available (2016) Yes

― Safe injection rooms available (2016) No Harm reduction

HIV PREVENTION

Knowledge of HIV prevention among young people aged 15–24 years (2014)

Condom use at last higher-risk sex (with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner) (2014)

Women aged 15–49 years who have their demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (2014)

Men aged 15–49 years who are circumcised Male circumcisions performed according to national standards

People who received PrEP at least once during the reporting period (2017)

All ages 88%

[76– >95%]

87%

[75– >95%]

83%

[72– >95%]

Children (0–14) >95%

[87– >95%]

>95%

[83– >95%]

86%

[71– >95%]

Women (15+) 89%

[78– >95%]

88%

[77– >95%]

85%

[75– >95%]

Men (15+) 85%

[72– >95%]

84%

[71– >95%]

81%

[68–94%]

No Is antiretroviral therapy provided in community settings (such as

outside health facilities) for people who are stable on antiretroviral therapy?

HIV TESTING AND TREATMENT CASCADE

Gap to reaching the first 90:

1492

Gap to reaching the second 90:

0

Gap to reaching the third 90:

0

0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000

People living with HIV who know

their status People living with HIV on

treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Number of people living with HIV

workersSex

Gay men and other men who have sex with men

People who

inject drugs Transgender

people Prisoners Estimated number of incident tuberculosis cases among people living with HIV (2016)

1300 [850–1900]

Estimated size of population 34 000 20 000 ... 3 000 17 522

HIV prevalence ... 2.3% 15.2% ... ...

Know their HIV status ... 70.4% ... 70.9%

Antiretroviral therapy coverage 82.8% 95.4% 30.8% 95.1% ...

Condom use 88.8% 69.4% 8.7% 62.6%

Coverage of HIV prevention

programmes ... 69.4% 78% ...

Avoidance of health care because of stigma and

discrimination ... ... ... ... Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and

hepatitis C virus starting hepatitis C

treatment ...

Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus receiving combined

treatment ...

KEY POPULATIONS HIV COMORBIDITIES

Proportion of people living with HIV newly enrolled in HIV care with active tuberculosis (2016)

Cervical cancer screening of women living with HIV

...

...

Change in new HIV infections

since 2010

= -63%

Change in AIDS-

related deaths

since 2010

= -42%

Incidence:

prevalence

ratio

= 0.01

Incidence:

mortality ratio

= 0.34

0 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000

2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of people

New HIV infections

0 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000 12 000

2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of people

AID S-related deaths

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

1990 2000 2010

Rate

Incidence:prevalence ratio Targ et

0 5 000 10 000 15 000

2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of people

New HIV infections Deaths among people living with HIV

2010 2017

34%

[28–40%]

>95%

[73– >95%]

45%

[39–54%]

64%

[55–85%]

ELIMINATION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION

Percentage of pregnant women living with HIV accessing antiretroviral medicines

Early infant diagnosis

(20)

1 8

INDIA

COUNTRY DATA

Domestic private Domestic public International: PEPFAR International: Global Fund International:

all others Total

Last available report: 2014 ... US$ 164 330 065 ... ... ... US$ 164 330 065

EXPENDITURES

Financing sources Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-

disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission No 2006 2016

Criminalization of sex work ... 35.1 27.6

Drug use or possession for personal use is an

offence There is compulsory detention for

drug offences

Criminalization of transgender people Neither criminalized nor prosecuted

Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV No Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV

testing Yes, for adolescents younger than

18 years 2006 2016

Spousal consent for married women to access

sexual and reproductive health services No 23 22

Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups No

Proportion of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical or sexual violence from a male intimate partner in the past 12 months Percentage of people living with HIV denied health services because of their HIV status in the last 12 months

Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 years who report discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV

Percentage of people living with HIV who reported a health-care professional told others about their HIV status without their consent

LAWS AND POLICIES STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION

Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts Yes, imprisonment (up to 14 years)

VIOLENCE

2005 2010 2017

New HIV infections

New HIV infections (all ages) 130 000 [66 000–230 000]

120 000 [60 000–210 000]

88 000 [44 000–160 000]

New HIV infections (0–14) 13 000

[8100–20 000]

7700 [4800–12 000]

3700 [2300–5800]

New HIV infections (women, 15+) 48 000 [23 000–87 000]

45 000 [22 000–81 000]

34 000 [16 000–60 000]

New HIV infections (men, 15+) 71 000 [35 000–130 000]

67 000 [33 000–120 000]

50 000 [25 000–92 000]

HIV incidence per 1000 population 0.12 [0.06–0.22] 0.1 [0.05–0.18] 0.1 [0.03–0.12]

AIDS-related deaths

AIDS-related deaths (all ages) 240 000 [110 000–440 000]

160 000 [76 000–290 000]

69 000 [34 000–130 000]

AIDS-related deaths (0–14) 11 000

[5900–19 000]

6800 [3700–12 000]

2600 [1400–4600]

AIDS-related deaths (women, 15+) 88 000 [38 000–180 000]

58 000 [25 000–120 000]

20 000 [8800–42 000]

AIDS-related deaths (men, 15+) 140 000 [68 000–250 000]

91 000 [45 000–170 000]

46 000 [23 000–84 000]

People living with HIV

People living with HIV (all ages) 2 800 000

[2 000 000–3 900 000]

2 300 000

[1 700 000–3 300 000]

2 100 000

[1 500 000–3 000 000]

People living with HIV (0–14) 100 000 [71 000–150 000]

88 000 [61 000–130 000]

61 000 [42 000–88 000]

People living with HIV (women, 15+) 1 100 000 [760 000–1 500 000]

900 000

[650 000–1 300 000]

880 000

[630 000–1 200 000]

People living with HIV (men, 15+) 1 600 000

[1 100 000–2 300 000]

1 300 000 [940 000–1 900 000]

1 200 000 [850 000–1 700 000]

EPIDEMIC ESTIMATES

(21)

― Women 21.7%

― Men 31.5%

― Women ...

― Men 40.8%

72.8%

Not applicable

Not applicable

...

― Use of sterile injecting equipment at

last injection (2015) 86.4%

― Needles and syringes distributed per

person who injects (2017) 424.0

― Coverage of opioid substitution

therapy (2017) 19%

― Naloxone available (2016) Yes

― Safe injection rooms available (2016) No Harm reduction

HIV PREVENTION

Knowledge of HIV prevention among young people aged 15–24 years (2016)

Condom use at last higher-risk sex (with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner) (2016)

Women aged 15–49 years who have their demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (2016)

Men aged 15–49 years who are circumcised Male circumcisions performed according to national standards

People who received PrEP at least once during the reporting period (2017)

All ages 79%

[56– >95%]

56%

[40–79%]

46%

[33–65%]

Children (0–14) ...%

[...–...%]

76%

[53– >95%]

...%

[...–...%]

Women (15+) 87%

[62– >95%]

63%

[45–88%]

...%

[...–...%]

Men (15+) 68%

[48– >95%]

50%

[35–71%]

...%

[...–...%]

No Is antiretroviral therapy provided in community settings (such as

outside health facilities) for people who are stable on antiretroviral therapy?

HIV TESTING AND TREATMENT CASCADE

Gap to reaching the first 90:

238570

Gap to reaching the second 90:

532450

Gap to reaching the third 90:

573242

0 500 000 1 000 000 1 500 000 2 000 000 2 500 000

People living with HIV who know

their status People living with HIV on

treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Number of people living with HIV

workersSex

Gay men and other men who have sex with men

People who

inject drugs Transgender

people Prisoners Estimated number of incident tuberculosis cases among people living with HIV (2016)

87 000 [56 000 –125 000]

Estimated size of population 657 829 238 175 127 532 25 984 185 182

HIV prevalence 1.6% 2.7% 6.3% 3.1% ...

Know their HIV status 68.6% 69.2% 72% 59.7%

Antiretroviral therapy coverage ... ... ... ... ...

Condom use 90.8% 83.9% 77.4% 79.7%

Coverage of HIV prevention

programmes ... ... ... ...

Avoidance of health care because of stigma and

discrimination ... ... ... ... Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and

hepatitis C virus starting hepatitis C

treatment ...

Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus receiving combined

treatment ...

KEY POPULATIONS HIV COMORBIDITIES

Proportion of people living with HIV newly enrolled in HIV care with active tuberculosis (2016)

Cervical cancer screening of women living with HIV (survey data) (2016)

12.1%

35%

Change in new HIV infections

since 2010

= -27%

Change in AIDS-

related deaths

since 2010

= -56%

Incidence:

prevalence

ratio

= 0.04

0 100 000 200 000 300 000 400 000 500 000

2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of people

New HIV infections

0 100 000 200 000 300 000 400 000 500 000

2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of people

AID S-related deaths

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

1990 2000 2010

Rate

Incidence:prevalence ratio Targ et

0 100 000 200 000 300 000

2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of people

New HIV infections Deaths among people living with HIV

2010 2017

0%

[0–0%]

60%

[41–89%]

6%

[4–9%]

23%

[16–33%]

ELIMINATION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION

Percentage of pregnant women living with HIV accessing antiretroviral medicines

Early infant diagnosis

(22)

2 0

INDONESIA

COUNTRY DATA

Domestic private Domestic public International: PEPFAR International: Global Fund International:

all others Total

Last available report: 2012 ... US$ 36 851 913 ... US$ 24 858 115 US$ 55 100 US$ 87 002 694

EXPENDITURES

Financing sources Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-

disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission ... 2007 2012

Criminalization of sex work ... 57.1 62.8

Drug use or possession for personal use is an

offence ...

Criminalization of transgender people ...

Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV ...

Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV

testing Yes, for adolescents younger than

16 years Spousal consent for married women to access sexual and reproductive health services Yes Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Yes

Proportion of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical or sexual violence from a male intimate partner in the past 12 months Percentage of people living with HIV denied health services because of their HIV status in the last 12 months

Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 years who report discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV

Percentage of people living with HIV who reported a health-care professional told others about their HIV status without their consent

LAWS AND POLICIES STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION

Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts ...

VIOLENCE

2005 2010 2017

New HIV infections

New HIV infections (all ages) 62 000 [54 000–70 000]

61 000 [54 000–70 000]

49 000 [43 000–57 000]

New HIV infections (0–14) 1300

[1100–1500]

2700 [2200–3100]

3100 [2600–3800]

New HIV infections (women, 15+) 18 000 [15 000–20 000]

22 000 [18 000–24 000]

17 000 [15 000–19 000]

New HIV infections (men, 15+) 43 000 [36 000–50 000]

37 000 [31 000–44 000]

29 000 [24 000–35 000]

HIV incidence per 1000 population 0.28 [0.24–0.31] 0.26 [0.22–0.29] 0.19 [0.16–0.22]

AIDS-related deaths

AIDS-related deaths (all ages) 9000 [6600–12 000]

23 000 [19 000–29 000]

39 000 [33 000–45 000]

AIDS-related deaths (0–14) 680

[600–780]

1500 [1300–1800]

2200 [1800–2600]

AIDS-related deaths (women, 15+) 1600 [1100–2200]

5300 [3900–6800]

12 000 [9800–14 000]

AIDS-related deaths (men, 15+) 6700 [4700–8800]

16 000 [13 000–21 000]

25 000 [21 000–30 000]

People living with HIV

People living with HIV (all ages) 300 000 [260 000–340 000]

510 000 [440 000–590 000]

630 000 [540 000–740 000]

People living with HIV (0–14) 2500 [2200–2900]

7100 [6200–8000]

14 000 [13 000–16 000]

People living with HIV (women, 15+) 71 000 [63 000–79 000]

160 000 [140 000–180 000]

220 000 [190 000–260 000]

People living with HIV (men, 15+) 220 000 [190 000–260 000]

350 000 [290 000–410 000]

390 000 [320 000–470 000]

EPIDEMIC ESTIMATES

(23)

― Women ...

― Men ...

― Women ...

― Men ...

79%

Not applicable

Not applicable

...

― Use of sterile injecting equipment at

last injection (2015) 88.85%

― Needles and syringes distributed per

person who injects (2017) 3.01

― Coverage of opioid substitution

therapy (2017) 12%

― Naloxone available (2016) ...

― Safe injection rooms available (2016) ...

Harm reduction

HIV PREVENTION

Knowledge of HIV prevention among young people aged 15–24 years

Condom use at last higher-risk sex (with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner)

Women aged 15–49 years who have their demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (2012)

Men aged 15–49 years who are circumcised Male circumcisions performed according to national standards

People who received PrEP at least once during the reporting period (2017)

All ages 42%

[36–49%]

14%

[12–17%]

...%

[...–...%]

Children (0–14) ...%

[...–...%]

25%

[22–28%]

...%

[...–...%]

Women (15+) ...%

[...–...%]

14%

[12–17%]

...%

[...–...%]

Men (15+) ...%

[...–...%]

14%

[12–17%]

...%

[...–...%]

...

Is antiretroviral therapy provided in community settings (such as outside health facilities) for people who are stable on antiretroviral therapy?

HIV TESTING AND TREATMENT CASCADE

Gap to reaching the first 90:

302358 Gap to

reaching the second 90:

419428

0 100 000 200 000 300 000 400 000 500 000 600 000

People living with HIV who know

their status People living with HIV on

treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Number of people living with HIV

workersSex

Gay men and other men who have sex with men

People who

inject drugs Transgender

people Prisoners Estimated number of incident tuberculosis cases among people living with HIV (2016)

45 000 [21 000 –78 000]

Estimated size of population 226 791 754 310 33 492 38 928 ...

HIV prevalence 5.3% 25.8% 28.76% 24.8% 1%

Know their HIV status ... ... ... ...

Antiretroviral therapy coverage ... ... ... ... 0.3%

Condom use 67.8% 81.03% 46.3% ...

Coverage of HIV prevention

programmes ... ... ... ...

Avoidance of health care because of stigma and

discrimination ... ... ... ... Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and

hepatitis C virus starting hepatitis C

treatment ...

Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus receiving combined

treatment ...

KEY POPULATIONS HIV COMORBIDITIES

Proportion of people living with HIV newly enrolled in HIV care with active tuberculosis (2016)

Cervical cancer screening of women living with HIV

27%

...

Change in new HIV infections

since 2010

= -19%

Change in AIDS-

related deaths

since 2010

= 69%

Incidence:

prevalence

ratio

= 0.08

0 20 000 40 000 60 000 80 000

2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of people

New HIV infections

0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000

2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of people

AID S-related deaths

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

1990 2000 2010

Rate

Incidence:prevalence ratio Targ et

0 20 000 40 000 60 000 80 000

2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of people

New HIV infections Deaths among people living with HIV

2010 2017

3%

[2–3%]

13%

[11–15%]

...%

[...–...%]

1%

[1–1%]

ELIMINATION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION

Percentage of pregnant women living with HIV accessing antiretroviral medicines

Early infant diagnosis

(24)

2 2

JAPAN

COUNTRY DATA

Domestic private Domestic public International: PEPFAR International: Global Fund International:

all others Total

Last available report: 2011 ... US$ 67 907 854 ... ... ... US$ 67 907 854

EXPENDITURES

Financing sources Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-

disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission ...

Criminalization of sex work ...

Drug use or possession for personal use is an

offence ...

Criminalization of transgender people ...

Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV ...

Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV

testing ...

Spousal consent for married women to access sexual and reproductive health services ...

Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups ...

Proportion of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical or sexual violence from a male intimate partner in the past 12 months Percentage of people living with HIV denied health services because of their HIV status in the last 12 months

Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 years who report discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV

Percentage of people living with HIV who reported a health-care professional told others about their HIV status without their consent

LAWS AND POLICIES STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION

Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts ...

VIOLENCE

2005 2010 2017

New HIV infections

New HIV infections (all ages) 1400 [1000–1600]

1500 [1100–1800]

1500 [1100–1700]

New HIV infections (0–14) ...

[...–...]

...

[...–...]

...

[...–...]

New HIV infections (women, 15+) <200 [<200– <200]

<200 [<100– <200]

<100 [<100– <100]

New HIV infections (men, 15+) 1200 [860–1400]

1400 [990–1700]

1400 [1000–1700]

HIV incidence per 1000 population 0.01 [<0.01–0.01] 0.01 [<0.01–0.01] 0.01 [<0.01–0.01]

AIDS-related deaths

AIDS-related deaths (all ages) <200 [<100– <500]

<200 [<100– <200]

<200 [<100– <200]

AIDS-related deaths (0–14) ...

[...–...]

...

[...–...]

...

[...–...]

AIDS-related deaths (women, 15+) <100 [<100– <100]

<100 [<100– <100]

<100 [<100– <100]

AIDS-related deaths (men, 15+) <200 [<100– <200]

<100 [<100– <200]

<100 [<100– <200]

People living with HIV

People living with HIV (all ages) 12 000 [9800–14 000]

19 000 [16 000–22 000]

28 000 [24 000–32 000]

People living with HIV (0–14) ...

[...–...]

...

[...–...]

...

[...–...]

People living with HIV (women, 15+) 1600 [1400–1800]

2200 [2000–2500]

2600 [2300–2900]

People living with HIV (men, 15+) 10 000 [8300–12 000]

16 000 [13 000–19 000]

25 000 [21 000–29 000]

EPIDEMIC ESTIMATES

참조

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