MILES TO GO
THE RESPONSE TO HIV
IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
Contents
Asia and the Pacific 2
Australia 12 Bangladesh 14 Cambodia 16 India 18 Indonesia 20 Japan 22 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 24 Malaysia 26 Mongolia 28 Myanmar 30 Nepal 32 New Zealand 34 Pakistan 36 Papua New Guinea 38 Philippines 40 Singapore 42
Sri Lanka 44
Thailand 46
Viet Nam 48
Annex on methods 51
2
Asia and the Pacific has made strong inroads with its HIV response. Sustained and focused efforts to reach key populations have led to major reductions in HIV infections in Cambodia, India, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Nam between 2010 and 2017. However, epidemics are expanding in Pakistan and Philippines.
The vast majority of new HIV infections in Asia and the Pacific are associated with current or former members of key populations and their partners. Unprotected sex between men—especially young men—is an increasingly important factor in many of the region’s HIV epidemics:
epidemics among gay men and other men who have sex with men are expanding in several countries. Key populations must remain at the core of HIV prevention.
HIV risk among young people within key populations is of particular concern: since 2010, new HIV infections among young people (aged 15–24 years) increased by 170% in Philippines and 29% in Pakistan.
AT A GLANCE
The HIV epidemic is not over yet: some countries in the region are on track to meet the Fast- Track Targets, but epidemics are expanding in Pakistan and Philippines.
1
While strong progress has been made in increasing access to life- saving HIV treatment, access to HIV prevention services for members of key populations and their intimate partners continue to lag.
2
Rising incidence of HIV among gay men and other men who have sex with men could lead to rebounding HIV epidemics in several countries in the region.
3
Some countries with
comprehensive harm reduction programmes have reduced new HIV infections among people who inject drugs, but access to harm reduction services is still not adequate across the region.
4
Active and well-supported community involvement is crucial for the success of the HIV response in the region.
5
Asia and the Pacific
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates.
Percent change in new HIV infections between 2010 and 2017 and the proportion of new HIV infections that were among young people aged 15–24 years in 2017, Asia and the Pacific
Decreasing Increasing Stable Rest of the population
23%
77%
Young people aged 15–24 years Data not available
New HIV infections in Asia and the Pacific decreased by 14% during 2010–2017 and annual deaths from AIDS-related illness declined by 39% during that same period. The combined progress reduced the region’s incidence:prevalence ratio to a comparatively low 0.05 [0.04–0.08] in 2017; it is steadily moving towards the 0.03 epidemic transition benchmark. Slower progress on HIV prevention compared to treatment translates to steadily increasing numbers of people living with HIV and rising costs for HIV-related health care.
Sex workers
Gay men and other men who have sex with men
Transgender women Clients of sex workers and other sexual partners of key populations
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates.
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates.
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates.
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates.
Cambodia China India Indonesia Malaysia
Nepal Pakistan Papua New Guinea Philippines Thailand
Rest of the region Viet Nam
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates.
Myanmar People who inject drugs
700 000
200 000 100 000 0 600 000 500 000 400 000 300 000
2000 20172010
Number of new HIV infections
Percentage change in new HIV infections since 2010 =
-14%
23%
18% 31%
3%
4%
7%
1%7%2%4% 3%
40%
23%
9%
8%
5%
4%4%
2%
1%
1% 3%
700 000 600 000
100 000 0 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000
2000 20172010
Number of AIDS-related deaths
Percentage change in AIDS-related deaths since 2010 =
-39%
Incidence:prevalence ratio
0.35
0.00 0.30 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05
1990 1993 20171996 1999 20052002 2008 2011 2014
2017incidence:prevalence ratio=
0.05 [0.04–0.08]
Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV populationNew HIV infections Deaths among the HIV population 1 200 000
200 000 0 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 400 000
1990 1993 20171996 1999 20052002 2008 2011 2014
Distribution of new HIV infections, by population group, Asia and the Pacific, 2017
Number of new HIV infections, Asia and the Pacific, 2000–2017 Number of AIDS-related deaths, Asia and the Pacific, 2000–2017
Number of new HIV infections and deaths among the HIV population, Asia and the Pacific, 1990–2017
Incidence:prevalence ratio, Asia and the Pacific, 1990–2017
Distribution of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by country, Asia and the Pacific, 2017
NEW HIV INFECTIONS AIDS-RELATED DEATHS Target value
Rest of population†
† Individuals in this category did not report any HIV-related risk behaviour.
Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018.
4%
14%
29%
16%
35%
2%
4
LAWS AND POLICIES SCORECARD
Country Criminalization of transgender people Criminalization of sex work Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts Drug use or possession for personal use an of
fence Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or r
esidence permits or for certain groups
Afghanistan
Australia a
Bangladesh Bhutan
Brunei-Darussalam
Cambodia b
China Cook Islands
Democratic People's Republic of Korea Fiji
India Indonesia Japan Kiribati
Lao People's Democratic Republic Malaysia
Maldives Marshall Islands
Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia
a Australia. Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017. Sec 2CA (https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017A00129).
b Kingdom of Cambodia. The Law on the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS. No. NS/RKM/0702/015. 1 August 2002.
Note: Data on laws restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV are currently undergoing a global review that will involve country validation. An update is expected by the end of 2018.
Sources: National Commitment and Policy Instrument, 2017 and 2018; supplemented by additional sources where noted.
Data not available
Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work
Criminalized and/or prosecuted Data not available Data not available Yes Yes Yes Yes
Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized
Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified No No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No No
Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available
Data not available
Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation
Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available No Data not available
Data not available Death penalty
Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law
Data not available
4
c Independent State of Samoa. Crimes Act 2013, No. 10. Sec 67 (http://www.palemene.ws/new/wp-content/uploads//01.Acts/Acts%202013/Crimes_Act_2013_-_Eng.pdf).
Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed, or no specific legislation Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence or drug use or consumption is a specific offence in law
Any criminalization or punitive regulation of sex work
Criminalized and/or prosecuted Data not available Data not available Yes Yes Yes Yes
Sex work is not subject to punitive regulations or is not criminalized
Neither criminalized nor prosecuted Imprisonment (14 years–life, up to 14 years) or no penalty specified No No, but prosecutions exist based on general criminal laws No No
Issue is determined/differs at subnational level Yes, for adolescents younger than 18 Yes, for adolescents younger than 14 and 16 Yes, for adolescents younger than 12 No Data not available
Data not available Compulsory detention for drug offences Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a non-criminal offence Data not available No Data not available Data not available Data not available Death penalty Data not available
Country Criminalization of transgender people Criminalization of sex work Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts Drug use or possession for personal use an of
fence Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV testing Spousal consent for married women to access SRH services Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-disclosur or exposure to HIV transmission Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or r
esidence permits or for certain groups
Myanmar Nauru Nepal New Zealand Niue Pakistan Palau
Papua New Guinea Philippines Republic of Korea
Samoa c
Singapore Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Viet Nam
6
Successive surveys in Cambodia, India, Thailand and Viet Nam indicate that attitudes towards people living with HIV have improved. At the same time, 50% or more of people surveyed in Afghanistan, Indonesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan and Timor- Leste said they would not buy vegetables from a vendor living with HIV (1).
While several countries in the region have earned plaudits with their HIV programmes for female sex workers, stigma and discrimination still poses a major barrier in places like Fiji, where more than half (59%) of female sex workers reported avoiding health-care services due to stigma and discrimination. In Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Thailand, by contrast, only 2% and 11% of female sex workers, respectively, reported similar trepidation (1). Three quarters (75%) of gay men and other men who have sex with the men in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and about one third (36%) of their peers in Fiji said that stigma and discrimination deterred them from visiting health- care facilities (2).
More than a quarter of women reported being physically or sexually assaulted by an intimate partner in the previous 12 months in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nauru and Timor-Leste (3). One in five transgender women in India experienced sexual violence in the last 12 months, and one quarter of transgender women in Bangladesh reported being raped in the last 12 months (4).
STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION
Source: Population-based surveys, 2012–2016.
*Female respondents only.
Source: Population-based surveys, 2000–2016.
Source: People Living with HIV Stigma Index surveys, 2014–2017.
Source: Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2014–2017.
60
40 50
30 20 10 0
Bangladesh Viet Nam
Per cent
Denied health services because of their HIV status at least once in the past 12 months
Health-care professional ever told other people about their HIV status without their consent
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Per cent
Afghanistan Cambodia India
Indonesia Mongolia* Myanmar Nepal Pakistan
Thailand* Timor-Leste Viet Nam*
10090 8070 6050 4030 2010 0
Bangladesh*
80 70 60
20 10 30 40 50
0
Female
sex workers Gay men and other men who have sex
with men Avoidance of health care
Gay men and other men who have sex
with men
People who inject drugs
Per cent
Fiji Lao People's Democratic Republic Thailand Myanmar Avoidance of HIV testing
50 45 40 35 30
20 25
15 10 0 5
Nauru Afghanistan BangladeshTimor-Leste India Sri Lanka Pakistan Nepal
Marshall Islands Myanmar Cambodia Bhutan
Philippines
Per cent
Percentage of men and women aged 15–49 years who would not buy vegetables from a shopkeeper living with HIV, Asia and the Pacific, 2000–2016
Percentage of people living with HIV who experienced discrimination in healthcare settings, countries with available data, Asia and the Pacific, 2014–2017
Percentage of key populations who reported having avoided health-care services and HIV testing in the past 12 months due to stigma and discrimination, countries with available data, Asia and the Pacific, 2014–2017
Percentage of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in the past 12 months, countries with available data, Asia and the Pacific, 2012–2016
6
Source: 2017 and 2018 National Commitments and Policy Instrument. Information based on communications with national HIV programmes and UNAIDS country offices in Asia and the Pacific, 2017.
While several countries have successfully reduced HIV transmission during sex work, the region has had less success in reversing the HIV epidemics among gay men and other men who have sex with men. Coverage of prevention programmes for this population are low, and services tend to be focused chiefly in large cities.
There has been an encouraging increase in the number of countries offering pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), albeit mainly through pilot projects and at demonstration sites. By March 2018, PrEP was available on a limited basis to gay men and other men who have sex with men in China, India, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam
1. In Australia, PrEP is being provided at scale.
When harm reduction programmes have been provided at scale in Asia and the Pacific, they have led to declines in HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (such as in Malaysia). Fourteen countries across Asia were implementing needle–syringe programmes in 2016, but very few of them have expanded their programmes in recent years (5).
1 Information based on communication with national HIV programmes and UNAIDS country offices in Asia and the Pacific, 2017.
Availability of pre-exposure prophylaxis for key populations through pilot projects and demonstration sites, Asia and the Pacific, March 2018
Gay men and other men who have sex with men, sex workers and transgender persons Gay men and other men who have sex with men,
sex workers and people who inject drugs, and transgender persons Gay men and other men who have sex with men,
sex workers and people who inject drugs Gay men and other men who have sex with men PrEP not available to any key populations Data not available
8
Among the 5.2 million [4.1–6.7 million] people living with HIV in Asia and the Pacific at the end of 2017, 74% [52– >95%] were aware of their HIV status, an increase from 70% [49–94%] in 2016. The gap to achieving the first 90 of the 90–90–90 targets in 2017 was 816 000 people living with HIV.
About 2.7 million [2.4–2.9 million] people in the region were accessing antiretroviral therapy in 2017, or 53% [37–72%] of all people living with HIV. The gap to achieving the first and second 90s of the 90–90–90 targets in 2017 was 1.5 million people living with HIV.
The estimated percentage of people living with HIV who achieved viral suppression increased from 38%
[27–52%] in 2016 to 45% [31–61%] in 2017. The gap to achieving all three 90s in 2017 was the testing, treatment and viral suppression of an additional 1.4 million people living with HIV.
HIV TESTING AND TREATMENT
HIV testing and treatment cascade, Asia and the Pacific, 2017
Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018; see annex on methods for more details.
People living with HIV who know their status
Gap to reaching the first 90:
816 000
People living with HIV
on treatment People living with HIV
who are virally suppressed 6
4 5
3
1 2
0
Number of people living with HIV (million)
Gap to reaching the first and second 90s:
1.5 million Gap to reaching
the three 90s:
1.4 million
[52–95%]74% 53%
[37–72%] 45%
[31–61%]
8
Although decreasing, the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Asia and the Pacific remains comparatively high—17% in 2017. Programme coverage has more than doubled since 2010, but it remains among the lowest in the world. Only about half (56%) of the estimated 61 000 women living with HIV who gave birth in the region in 2017 received effective antiretroviral prophylaxis in 2017.
Only a quarter of HIV-exposed infants received early infant diagnosis.
Cascade of services for preventing vertical transmission and transmission rate, Asia and the Pacific, 2017
Source: UNAIDS 2018 estimates; 2018 Global AIDS Monitoring.
INVESTMENT
In total, an estimated US$ 3.7 billion was available in 2017 for the AIDS response in Asia and the Pacific.
Financial resource availability in Asia and the Pacific has increased by 76% since 2006. While domestic resources have doubled over the last decade, a global shift in donor priorities towards countries with large disease burdens has contributed to a 30% decline in international funding for HIV programmes in the region. A 25% overall increase in resources is needed by 2020 to reach the region’s Fast-Track resource target of US$ 4.9 billion. Domestic resources comprised 78.4% of total HIV investments. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) and the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) contributed 7.3% and 4.1%, respectively.
HIV resource availability by source, 2006–2017 and projected resource needs by 2020, Asia and the Pacific
*Estimates for low- and middle-income countries per 2015 World Bank income level classification. All figures are expressed in constant 2016 US dollars.
Source: UNAIDS 2018 resource availability and needs estimates.
6000
4000
2000
0 5000
3000
1000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
US$ (million)
Domestic (public and private) United States (bilateral) Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tubercolosis and Malaria Other international Resource needs (Fast-Track) Transmission
16.9%rate [15.3–18.5%]
60 000
50 000
30 000 40 000
20 000
10 000 70 000
Number of births to women living with HIV
Births to women living with
HIV
Women receiving antiretrovirals to
prevent vertical transmission
Infants tested by 8 weeks
of age
New child infections 0
[43–74%]56%
[19–31%]25%
1 0 1 0
References
1. Population-based surveys, 2012–2017.
2. Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2014–2017.
3. Population-based surveys, 2012–2016.
4. Integrated biological and behavioural surveys, 2014–2016.
5. Global state of harm reduction 2016. London: Harm Reduction International: 2016.
12
AUSTRALIA
COUNTRY DATADomestic private Domestic public International: PEPFAR International: Global Fund International:
all others Total
Last available report: 2006 ... US$ 101 415 112 ... ... ... US$ 101 415 112
EXPENDITURES
Financing sources Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-
disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission ...
Criminalization of sex work ...
Drug use or possession for personal use is an
offence ...
Criminalization of transgender people ...
Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV ...
Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV
testing ...
Spousal consent for married women to access sexual and reproductive health services ...
Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups ...
Proportion of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical or sexual violence from a male intimate partner in the past 12 months Percentage of people living with HIV denied health services because of their HIV status in the last 12 months
Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 years who report discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV
Percentage of people living with HIV who reported a health-care professional told others about their HIV status without their consent
LAWS AND POLICIES STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION
Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts
Laws penalizing same-sex sexual acts have been decriminalized or never existed
VIOLENCE
2005 2010 2017
New HIV infections
New HIV infections (all ages) 860 [690–970]
930 [750–1100]
1000 [800–1100]
New HIV infections (0–14) ...
[...–...]
...
[...–...]
...
[...–...]
New HIV infections (women, 15+) <100 [<100– <200]
<100 [<100– <200]
<200 [<100– <200]
New HIV infections (men, 15+) 770 [590–880]
830 [650–960]
900 [690–1000]
HIV incidence per 1000 population 0.04 [0.03–0.05] 0.04 [0.03–0.05] 0.04 [0.03–0.05]
AIDS-related deaths
AIDS-related deaths (all ages) <500 [<200– <500]
<500 [<200– <500]
<200 [<100– <500]
AIDS-related deaths (0–14) ...
[...–...]
...
[...–...]
...
[...–...]
AIDS-related deaths (women, 15+) <100 [<100– <100]
<100 [<100– <100]
<100 [<100– <100]
AIDS-related deaths (men, 15+) <500 [<200– <500]
<500 [<200– <500]
<200 [<100– <500]
People living with HIV
People living with HIV (all ages) 16 000 [14 000–19 000]
20 000 [18 000–23 000]
26 000 [23 000–29 000]
People living with HIV (0–14) ...
[...–...]
...
[...–...]
...
[...–...]
People living with HIV (women, 15+) 1500 [1300–1700]
2000 [1700–2200]
2700 [2500–3000]
People living with HIV (men, 15+) 15 000 [13 000–17 000]
18 000 [16 000–21 000]
23 000 [20 000–27 000]
EPIDEMIC ESTIMATES
― Women ...
― Men ...
― Women ...
― Men ...
...
Not applicable
Not applicable
...
― Use of sterile injecting equipment at
last injection (2015) 74%
― Needles and syringes distributed per
person who injects (2016) 624.88
― Coverage of opioid substitution
therapy ...
― Naloxone available (2016) ...
― Safe injection rooms available (2016) ...
Harm reduction
HIV PREVENTION
Knowledge of HIV prevention among young people aged 15–24 years
Condom use at last higher-risk sex (with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner)
Women aged 15–49 years who have their demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods
Men aged 15–49 years who are circumcised Male circumcisions performed according to national standards
People who received PrEP at least once during the reporting period (2017)
All ages ...%
[...–...%]
82%
[73–93%]
...%
[...–...%]
Children (0–14) ...%
[...–...%]
...%
[...–...%]
...%
[...–...%]
Women (15+) ...%
[...–...%]
94%
[85– >95%]
...%
[...–...%]
Men (15+) ...%
[...–...%]
81%
[71–92%]
...%
[...–...%]
...
Is antiretroviral therapy provided in community settings (such as outside health facilities) for people who are stable on antiretroviral therapy?
HIV TESTING AND TREATMENT CASCADE
Gap to reaching the second 90:
0
0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000
People living with HIV who know
their status People living with HIV on
treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Number of people living with HIV
workersSex
Gay men and other men who have sex with men
People who
inject drugs Transgender
people Prisoners Estimated number of incident tuberculosis cases among people living with HIV (2016)
29 [25–34]
Estimated size of population ... 263 530 79 055 ... 38 845
HIV prevalence ... 18.3% 1.7% ... ...
Know their HIV status ... ... ... ...
Antiretroviral therapy coverage ... 78% ... ... ...
Condom use ... 38.3% 31.9% ...
Coverage of HIV prevention
programmes ... ... ... ...
Avoidance of health care because of stigma and
discrimination ... ... ... ... Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and
hepatitis C virus starting hepatitis C
treatment ...
Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus receiving combined
treatment ...
KEY POPULATIONS HIV COMORBIDITIES
Proportion of people living with HIV newly enrolled in HIV care with active tuberculosis (2016)
Cervical cancer screening of women living with HIV
...
...
Change in new HIV infections
since 2010
= 8%
Change in AIDS-related deaths
since 2010
= -53%
Incidence:prevalence
ratio
= 0.04
0 200 400 600 800 1 000 1 200
2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of people
New HIV infections
0 100 200 300 400 500
2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of people
AID S-related deaths
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
1990 2000 2010
Rate
Incidence:prevalence ratio Targ et
0 500 1 000 1 500
2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of people
New HIV infections Deaths among people living with HIV
2010 2017
...%
[...–...%]
...%
[...–...%]
...%
[...–...%]
...%
[...–...%]
ELIMINATION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION
Percentage of pregnant women living with HIV accessing antiretroviral medicines
Early infant diagnosis
14
BANGLADESH
COUNTRY DATADomestic private Domestic public International: PEPFAR International: Global Fund International:
all others Total
Last available report: 2017 US$ 1286 US$ 311 024 ... US$ 6 099 087 ... US$ 7 103 747
EXPENDITURES
Financing sources Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-
disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission No 2013
Criminalization of sex work Partial criminalization of sex work 34.6*
2017 5
Drug use or possession for personal use is an offence
Possession of drugs for personal use is specified as a criminal offence
2017 Criminalization of transgender people Neither criminalized nor
prosecuted 5
Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV No Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV
testing Yes, for adolescents younger than
18 years 2015
Spousal consent for married women to access
sexual and reproductive health services No 28.8
Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or
residence permits or for certain groups No *Female respondents only
Proportion of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical or sexual violence from a male intimate partner in the past 12 months Percentage of people living with HIV denied health services because of their HIV status in the last 12 months
Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 years who report discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV
Percentage of people living with HIV who reported a health-care professional told others about their HIV status without their consent
LAWS AND POLICIES STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION
Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts Yes, imprisonment (14 years - life)
VIOLENCE
2005 2010 2017
New HIV infections
New HIV infections (all ages) 1700 [1500–1900]
1500 [1400–1700]
1700 [1500–1800]
New HIV infections (0–14) <100 [<100– <100]
<100 [<100– <100]
<100 [<100– <100]
New HIV infections (women, 15+) <500 [<500– <500]
530 [<500–600]
520 [<500–590]
New HIV infections (men, 15+) 1200 [1100–1300]
930 [830–1100]
1100 [990–1200]
HIV incidence per 1000 population 0.01 [0.01–0.01] 0.01 [<0.01–0.01] 0.01 [<0.01–0.01]
AIDS-related deaths
AIDS-related deaths (all ages) <500 [<500– <500]
880 [720–1100]
1100 [930–1200]
AIDS-related deaths (0–14) <100 [<100– <100]
<100 [<100– <100]
<100 [<100– <100]
AIDS-related deaths (women, 15+) <100 [<100– <100]
<500 [<200– <500]
<500 [<500– <500]
AIDS-related deaths (men, 15+) <500 [<200– <500]
630 [520–760]
690 [610–780]
People living with HIV
People living with HIV (all ages) 6400 [5800–7100]
10 000 [9100–12 000]
13 000 [11 000–15 000]
People living with HIV (0–14) <100 [<100– <100]
<200 [<200– <500]
<500 [<500– <500]
People living with HIV (women, 15+) 1500 [1300–1700]
3200 [2800–3600]
4400 [3800–5000]
People living with HIV (men, 15+) 4800 [4300–5400]
7000 [6100–8100]
8500 [7300–9900]
EPIDEMIC ESTIMATES
― Women 12.7%
― Men ...
― Women ...
― Men ...
72.6%
Not applicable
Not applicable
...
― Use of sterile injecting equipment at
last injection (2015) 83.9%
― Needles and syringes distributed per
person who injects (2017) 125.36
― Coverage of opioid substitution
therapy (2017) 2.6%
― Naloxone available (2016) No
― Safe injection rooms available (2016) No Harm reduction
HIV PREVENTION
Knowledge of HIV prevention among young people aged 15–24 years (2014)
Condom use at last higher-risk sex (with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner)
Women aged 15–49 years who have their demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (2014)
Men aged 15–49 years who are circumcised Male circumcisions performed according to national standards
People who received PrEP at least once during the reporting period (2017)
All ages 35%
[31–41%]
19%
[16–22%]
...%
[...–...%]
Children (0–14) 81%
[71–94%]
37%
[32–42%]
...%
[...–...%]
Women (15+) 34%
[30–39%]
19%
[16–21%]
...%
[...–...%]
Men (15+) 34%
[30–40%]
18%
[16–21%]
...%
[...–...%]
No Is antiretroviral therapy provided in community settings (such as
outside health facilities) for people who are stable on antiretroviral therapy?
HIV TESTING AND TREATMENT CASCADE
Gap to reaching the first 90:
7186
Gap to reaching the second 90:
8193
0 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000 12 000 14 000
People living with HIV who know
their status People living with HIV on
treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Number of people living with HIV
workersSex
Gay men and other men who have sex with men
People who
inject drugs Transgender
people Prisoners Estimated number of incident tuberculosis cases among people living with HIV (2016)
500 [250–840]
Estimated size of population 139 961 101 695 33 066 10 199 73 433
HIV prevalence 0.2% 0.2% ... 1.4% ...
Know their HIV status 31.2% ... ... 35.1%
Antiretroviral therapy coverage 78.3% 53.9% 30.9% 66.7% ...
Condom use 66.7% 45.8% 34.9% 41.1%
Coverage of HIV prevention
programmes 15.2% 4.4% 27.8% 15.2%
Avoidance of health care because of stigma and
discrimination ... ... ... ... Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and
hepatitis C virus starting hepatitis C
treatment ...
Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus receiving combined
treatment ...
KEY POPULATIONS HIV COMORBIDITIES
Proportion of people living with HIV newly enrolled in HIV care with active tuberculosis (2016)
Cervical cancer screening of women living with HIV
11.4%
...
Change in new HIV infections
since 2010
= 10%
Change in AIDS-related deaths
since 2010
= 20%
Incidence:prevalence
ratio
= 0.13
0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000
2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of people
New HIV infections
0 200400 600 1 000800 1 200 1 400
2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of people
AID S-related deaths
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
1990 2000 2010
Rate
Incidence:prevalence ratio Targ et
0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000
2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of people
New HIV infections Deaths among people living with HIV
2010 2017
14%
[11–16%]
17%
[15–21%]
2%
[2–3%]
14%
[12–16%]
ELIMINATION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION
Percentage of pregnant women living with HIV accessing antiretroviral medicines
Early infant diagnosis
16
CAMBODIA
COUNTRY DATADomestic private Domestic public International: PEPFAR International: Global Fund International:
all others Total
Last available report: 2012 US$ 956 837 US$ 5 212 931 ... US$ 20 211 071 US$ 20 182 528 US$ 50 883 717
EXPENDITURES
Financing sources Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-
disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission Yes 2005 2014
Criminalization of sex work Other punitive regulation of sex
work 31.8 19.4
Drug use or possession for personal use is an
offence ...
Criminalization of transgender people Neither criminalized nor prosecuted
Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV No Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV
testing Yes, for adolescents younger than
18 years 2005 2014
Spousal consent for married women to access
sexual and reproductive health services No 9 10.9
Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups No
Proportion of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical or sexual violence from a male intimate partner in the past 12 months Percentage of people living with HIV denied health services because of their HIV status in the last 12 months
Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 years who report discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV
Percentage of people living with HIV who reported a health-care professional told others about their HIV status without their consent
LAWS AND POLICIES STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION
Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts No specific legislation
VIOLENCE
2005 2010 2017
New HIV infections
New HIV infections (all ages) 3800 [3400–4200]
1600 [1400–1800]
590 [530–650]
New HIV infections (0–14) 720
[600–890]
<500 [<500– <500]
<100 [<100– <200]
New HIV infections (women, 15+) 1900 [1700–2100]
700 [610–770]
<500 [<500– <500]
New HIV infections (men, 15+) 1200 [1100–1300]
540 [<500–600]
<500 [<500– <500]
HIV incidence per 1000 population 0.29 [0.26–0.31] 0.11 [0.1–0.12] 0.04 [0.03–0.04]
AIDS-related deaths
AIDS-related deaths (all ages) 7400 [6400–8300]
2300 [1400–3700]
1300 [1000–1900]
AIDS-related deaths (0–14) <500 [<500–590]
<200 [<200– <500]
<100 [<100– <100]
AIDS-related deaths (women, 15+) 2700 [2300–3100]
810 [<500–1300]
590 [<500–930]
AIDS-related deaths (men, 15+) 4200 [3700–4900]
1300 [690–2200]
710 [540–980]
People living with HIV
People living with HIV (all ages) 87 000 [72 000–110 000]
78 000 [67 000–93 000]
67 000 [58 000–79 000]
People living with HIV (0–14) 4700 [4100–5600]
5100 [4300–6000]
3300 [2700–4200]
People living with HIV (women, 15+) 38 000 [33 000–46 000]
37 000 [32 000–44 000]
34 000 [30 000–39 000]
People living with HIV (men, 15+) 44 000 [34 000–56 000]
36 000 [30 000–44 000]
30 000 [25 000–35 000]
EPIDEMIC ESTIMATES
― Women 37.6%
― Men 45.9%
― Women 41.5%
― Men 72.8%
56.5%
Not applicable
Not applicable
...
― Use of sterile injecting equipment at
last injection (2017) 93.5%
― Needles and syringes distributed per
person who injects (2017) 304.64
― Coverage of opioid substitution
therapy ...
― Naloxone available (2016) Yes
― Safe injection rooms available (2016) No Harm reduction
HIV PREVENTION
Knowledge of HIV prevention among young people aged 15–24 years (2014)
Condom use at last higher-risk sex (with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner) (2014)
Women aged 15–49 years who have their demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (2014)
Men aged 15–49 years who are circumcised Male circumcisions performed according to national standards
People who received PrEP at least once during the reporting period (2017)
All ages 88%
[76– >95%]
87%
[75– >95%]
83%
[72– >95%]
Children (0–14) >95%
[87– >95%]
>95%
[83– >95%]
86%
[71– >95%]
Women (15+) 89%
[78– >95%]
88%
[77– >95%]
85%
[75– >95%]
Men (15+) 85%
[72– >95%]
84%
[71– >95%]
81%
[68–94%]
No Is antiretroviral therapy provided in community settings (such as
outside health facilities) for people who are stable on antiretroviral therapy?
HIV TESTING AND TREATMENT CASCADE
Gap to reaching the first 90:
1492
Gap to reaching the second 90:
0
Gap to reaching the third 90:
0
0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000
People living with HIV who know
their status People living with HIV on
treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Number of people living with HIV
workersSex
Gay men and other men who have sex with men
People who
inject drugs Transgender
people Prisoners Estimated number of incident tuberculosis cases among people living with HIV (2016)
1300 [850–1900]
Estimated size of population 34 000 20 000 ... 3 000 17 522
HIV prevalence ... 2.3% 15.2% ... ...
Know their HIV status ... 70.4% ... 70.9%
Antiretroviral therapy coverage 82.8% 95.4% 30.8% 95.1% ...
Condom use 88.8% 69.4% 8.7% 62.6%
Coverage of HIV prevention
programmes ... 69.4% 78% ...
Avoidance of health care because of stigma and
discrimination ... ... ... ... Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and
hepatitis C virus starting hepatitis C
treatment ...
Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus receiving combined
treatment ...
KEY POPULATIONS HIV COMORBIDITIES
Proportion of people living with HIV newly enrolled in HIV care with active tuberculosis (2016)
Cervical cancer screening of women living with HIV
...
...
Change in new HIV infections
since 2010
= -63%
Change in AIDS-related deaths
since 2010
= -42%
Incidence:prevalence
ratio
= 0.01
Incidence:mortality ratio
= 0.34
0 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000
2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of people
New HIV infections
0 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000 12 000
2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of people
AID S-related deaths
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
1990 2000 2010
Rate
Incidence:prevalence ratio Targ et
0 5 000 10 000 15 000
2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of people
New HIV infections Deaths among people living with HIV
2010 2017
34%
[28–40%]
>95%
[73– >95%]
45%
[39–54%]
64%
[55–85%]
ELIMINATION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION
Percentage of pregnant women living with HIV accessing antiretroviral medicines
Early infant diagnosis
1 8
INDIA
COUNTRY DATADomestic private Domestic public International: PEPFAR International: Global Fund International:
all others Total
Last available report: 2014 ... US$ 164 330 065 ... ... ... US$ 164 330 065
EXPENDITURES
Financing sources Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-
disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission No 2006 2016
Criminalization of sex work ... 35.1 27.6
Drug use or possession for personal use is an
offence There is compulsory detention for
drug offences
Criminalization of transgender people Neither criminalized nor prosecuted
Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV No Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV
testing Yes, for adolescents younger than
18 years 2006 2016
Spousal consent for married women to access
sexual and reproductive health services No 23 22
Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups No
Proportion of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical or sexual violence from a male intimate partner in the past 12 months Percentage of people living with HIV denied health services because of their HIV status in the last 12 months
Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 years who report discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV
Percentage of people living with HIV who reported a health-care professional told others about their HIV status without their consent
LAWS AND POLICIES STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION
Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts Yes, imprisonment (up to 14 years)
VIOLENCE
2005 2010 2017
New HIV infections
New HIV infections (all ages) 130 000 [66 000–230 000]
120 000 [60 000–210 000]
88 000 [44 000–160 000]
New HIV infections (0–14) 13 000
[8100–20 000]
7700 [4800–12 000]
3700 [2300–5800]
New HIV infections (women, 15+) 48 000 [23 000–87 000]
45 000 [22 000–81 000]
34 000 [16 000–60 000]
New HIV infections (men, 15+) 71 000 [35 000–130 000]
67 000 [33 000–120 000]
50 000 [25 000–92 000]
HIV incidence per 1000 population 0.12 [0.06–0.22] 0.1 [0.05–0.18] 0.1 [0.03–0.12]
AIDS-related deaths
AIDS-related deaths (all ages) 240 000 [110 000–440 000]
160 000 [76 000–290 000]
69 000 [34 000–130 000]
AIDS-related deaths (0–14) 11 000
[5900–19 000]
6800 [3700–12 000]
2600 [1400–4600]
AIDS-related deaths (women, 15+) 88 000 [38 000–180 000]
58 000 [25 000–120 000]
20 000 [8800–42 000]
AIDS-related deaths (men, 15+) 140 000 [68 000–250 000]
91 000 [45 000–170 000]
46 000 [23 000–84 000]
People living with HIV
People living with HIV (all ages) 2 800 000
[2 000 000–3 900 000]
2 300 000
[1 700 000–3 300 000]
2 100 000
[1 500 000–3 000 000]
People living with HIV (0–14) 100 000 [71 000–150 000]
88 000 [61 000–130 000]
61 000 [42 000–88 000]
People living with HIV (women, 15+) 1 100 000 [760 000–1 500 000]
900 000
[650 000–1 300 000]
880 000
[630 000–1 200 000]
People living with HIV (men, 15+) 1 600 000
[1 100 000–2 300 000]
1 300 000 [940 000–1 900 000]
1 200 000 [850 000–1 700 000]
EPIDEMIC ESTIMATES
― Women 21.7%
― Men 31.5%
― Women ...
― Men 40.8%
72.8%
Not applicable
Not applicable
...
― Use of sterile injecting equipment at
last injection (2015) 86.4%
― Needles and syringes distributed per
person who injects (2017) 424.0
― Coverage of opioid substitution
therapy (2017) 19%
― Naloxone available (2016) Yes
― Safe injection rooms available (2016) No Harm reduction
HIV PREVENTION
Knowledge of HIV prevention among young people aged 15–24 years (2016)
Condom use at last higher-risk sex (with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner) (2016)
Women aged 15–49 years who have their demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (2016)
Men aged 15–49 years who are circumcised Male circumcisions performed according to national standards
People who received PrEP at least once during the reporting period (2017)
All ages 79%
[56– >95%]
56%
[40–79%]
46%
[33–65%]
Children (0–14) ...%
[...–...%]
76%
[53– >95%]
...%
[...–...%]
Women (15+) 87%
[62– >95%]
63%
[45–88%]
...%
[...–...%]
Men (15+) 68%
[48– >95%]
50%
[35–71%]
...%
[...–...%]
No Is antiretroviral therapy provided in community settings (such as
outside health facilities) for people who are stable on antiretroviral therapy?
HIV TESTING AND TREATMENT CASCADE
Gap to reaching the first 90:
238570
Gap to reaching the second 90:
532450
Gap to reaching the third 90:
573242
0 500 000 1 000 000 1 500 000 2 000 000 2 500 000
People living with HIV who know
their status People living with HIV on
treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Number of people living with HIV
workersSex
Gay men and other men who have sex with men
People who
inject drugs Transgender
people Prisoners Estimated number of incident tuberculosis cases among people living with HIV (2016)
87 000 [56 000 –125 000]
Estimated size of population 657 829 238 175 127 532 25 984 185 182
HIV prevalence 1.6% 2.7% 6.3% 3.1% ...
Know their HIV status 68.6% 69.2% 72% 59.7%
Antiretroviral therapy coverage ... ... ... ... ...
Condom use 90.8% 83.9% 77.4% 79.7%
Coverage of HIV prevention
programmes ... ... ... ...
Avoidance of health care because of stigma and
discrimination ... ... ... ... Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and
hepatitis C virus starting hepatitis C
treatment ...
Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus receiving combined
treatment ...
KEY POPULATIONS HIV COMORBIDITIES
Proportion of people living with HIV newly enrolled in HIV care with active tuberculosis (2016)
Cervical cancer screening of women living with HIV (survey data) (2016)
12.1%
35%
Change in new HIV infections
since 2010
= -27%
Change in AIDS-related deaths
since 2010
= -56%
Incidence:prevalence
ratio
= 0.04
0 100 000 200 000 300 000 400 000 500 000
2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of people
New HIV infections
0 100 000 200 000 300 000 400 000 500 000
2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of people
AID S-related deaths
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
1990 2000 2010
Rate
Incidence:prevalence ratio Targ et
0 100 000 200 000 300 000
2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of people
New HIV infections Deaths among people living with HIV
2010 2017
0%
[0–0%]
60%
[41–89%]
6%
[4–9%]
23%
[16–33%]
ELIMINATION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION
Percentage of pregnant women living with HIV accessing antiretroviral medicines
Early infant diagnosis
2 0
INDONESIA
COUNTRY DATADomestic private Domestic public International: PEPFAR International: Global Fund International:
all others Total
Last available report: 2012 ... US$ 36 851 913 ... US$ 24 858 115 US$ 55 100 US$ 87 002 694
EXPENDITURES
Financing sources Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-
disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission ... 2007 2012
Criminalization of sex work ... 57.1 62.8
Drug use or possession for personal use is an
offence ...
Criminalization of transgender people ...
Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV ...
Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV
testing Yes, for adolescents younger than
16 years Spousal consent for married women to access sexual and reproductive health services Yes Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups Yes
Proportion of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical or sexual violence from a male intimate partner in the past 12 months Percentage of people living with HIV denied health services because of their HIV status in the last 12 months
Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 years who report discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV
Percentage of people living with HIV who reported a health-care professional told others about their HIV status without their consent
LAWS AND POLICIES STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION
Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts ...
VIOLENCE
2005 2010 2017
New HIV infections
New HIV infections (all ages) 62 000 [54 000–70 000]
61 000 [54 000–70 000]
49 000 [43 000–57 000]
New HIV infections (0–14) 1300
[1100–1500]
2700 [2200–3100]
3100 [2600–3800]
New HIV infections (women, 15+) 18 000 [15 000–20 000]
22 000 [18 000–24 000]
17 000 [15 000–19 000]
New HIV infections (men, 15+) 43 000 [36 000–50 000]
37 000 [31 000–44 000]
29 000 [24 000–35 000]
HIV incidence per 1000 population 0.28 [0.24–0.31] 0.26 [0.22–0.29] 0.19 [0.16–0.22]
AIDS-related deaths
AIDS-related deaths (all ages) 9000 [6600–12 000]
23 000 [19 000–29 000]
39 000 [33 000–45 000]
AIDS-related deaths (0–14) 680
[600–780]
1500 [1300–1800]
2200 [1800–2600]
AIDS-related deaths (women, 15+) 1600 [1100–2200]
5300 [3900–6800]
12 000 [9800–14 000]
AIDS-related deaths (men, 15+) 6700 [4700–8800]
16 000 [13 000–21 000]
25 000 [21 000–30 000]
People living with HIV
People living with HIV (all ages) 300 000 [260 000–340 000]
510 000 [440 000–590 000]
630 000 [540 000–740 000]
People living with HIV (0–14) 2500 [2200–2900]
7100 [6200–8000]
14 000 [13 000–16 000]
People living with HIV (women, 15+) 71 000 [63 000–79 000]
160 000 [140 000–180 000]
220 000 [190 000–260 000]
People living with HIV (men, 15+) 220 000 [190 000–260 000]
350 000 [290 000–410 000]
390 000 [320 000–470 000]
EPIDEMIC ESTIMATES
― Women ...
― Men ...
― Women ...
― Men ...
79%
Not applicable
Not applicable
...
― Use of sterile injecting equipment at
last injection (2015) 88.85%
― Needles and syringes distributed per
person who injects (2017) 3.01
― Coverage of opioid substitution
therapy (2017) 12%
― Naloxone available (2016) ...
― Safe injection rooms available (2016) ...
Harm reduction
HIV PREVENTION
Knowledge of HIV prevention among young people aged 15–24 years
Condom use at last higher-risk sex (with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner)
Women aged 15–49 years who have their demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (2012)
Men aged 15–49 years who are circumcised Male circumcisions performed according to national standards
People who received PrEP at least once during the reporting period (2017)
All ages 42%
[36–49%]
14%
[12–17%]
...%
[...–...%]
Children (0–14) ...%
[...–...%]
25%
[22–28%]
...%
[...–...%]
Women (15+) ...%
[...–...%]
14%
[12–17%]
...%
[...–...%]
Men (15+) ...%
[...–...%]
14%
[12–17%]
...%
[...–...%]
...
Is antiretroviral therapy provided in community settings (such as outside health facilities) for people who are stable on antiretroviral therapy?
HIV TESTING AND TREATMENT CASCADE
Gap to reaching the first 90:
302358 Gap to
reaching the second 90:
419428
0 100 000 200 000 300 000 400 000 500 000 600 000
People living with HIV who know
their status People living with HIV on
treatment People living with HIV who are virally suppressed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Number of people living with HIV
workersSex
Gay men and other men who have sex with men
People who
inject drugs Transgender
people Prisoners Estimated number of incident tuberculosis cases among people living with HIV (2016)
45 000 [21 000 –78 000]
Estimated size of population 226 791 754 310 33 492 38 928 ...
HIV prevalence 5.3% 25.8% 28.76% 24.8% 1%
Know their HIV status ... ... ... ...
Antiretroviral therapy coverage ... ... ... ... 0.3%
Condom use 67.8% 81.03% 46.3% ...
Coverage of HIV prevention
programmes ... ... ... ...
Avoidance of health care because of stigma and
discrimination ... ... ... ... Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and
hepatitis C virus starting hepatitis C
treatment ...
Proportion of people coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus receiving combined
treatment ...
KEY POPULATIONS HIV COMORBIDITIES
Proportion of people living with HIV newly enrolled in HIV care with active tuberculosis (2016)
Cervical cancer screening of women living with HIV
27%
...
Change in new HIV infections
since 2010
= -19%
Change in AIDS-related deaths
since 2010
= 69%
Incidence:prevalence
ratio
= 0.08
0 20 000 40 000 60 000 80 000
2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of people
New HIV infections
0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000
2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of people
AID S-related deaths
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
1990 2000 2010
Rate
Incidence:prevalence ratio Targ et
0 20 000 40 000 60 000 80 000
2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of people
New HIV infections Deaths among people living with HIV
2010 2017
3%
[2–3%]
13%
[11–15%]
...%
[...–...%]
1%
[1–1%]
ELIMINATION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION
Percentage of pregnant women living with HIV accessing antiretroviral medicines
Early infant diagnosis
2 2
JAPAN
COUNTRY DATADomestic private Domestic public International: PEPFAR International: Global Fund International:
all others Total
Last available report: 2011 ... US$ 67 907 854 ... ... ... US$ 67 907 854
EXPENDITURES
Financing sources Laws criminalizing the transmission of, non-
disclosure of or exposure to HIV transmission ...
Criminalization of sex work ...
Drug use or possession for personal use is an
offence ...
Criminalization of transgender people ...
Laws or policies restricting the entry, stay and residence of people living with HIV ...
Parental consent for adolescents to access HIV
testing ...
Spousal consent for married women to access sexual and reproductive health services ...
Mandatory HIV testing for marriage, work or residence permits or for certain groups ...
Proportion of ever-married or partnered women aged 15–49 years who experienced physical or sexual violence from a male intimate partner in the past 12 months Percentage of people living with HIV denied health services because of their HIV status in the last 12 months
Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 years who report discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV
Percentage of people living with HIV who reported a health-care professional told others about their HIV status without their consent
LAWS AND POLICIES STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION
Criminalization of same-sex sexual acts ...
VIOLENCE
2005 2010 2017
New HIV infections
New HIV infections (all ages) 1400 [1000–1600]
1500 [1100–1800]
1500 [1100–1700]
New HIV infections (0–14) ...
[...–...]
...
[...–...]
...
[...–...]
New HIV infections (women, 15+) <200 [<200– <200]
<200 [<100– <200]
<100 [<100– <100]
New HIV infections (men, 15+) 1200 [860–1400]
1400 [990–1700]
1400 [1000–1700]
HIV incidence per 1000 population 0.01 [<0.01–0.01] 0.01 [<0.01–0.01] 0.01 [<0.01–0.01]
AIDS-related deaths
AIDS-related deaths (all ages) <200 [<100– <500]
<200 [<100– <200]
<200 [<100– <200]
AIDS-related deaths (0–14) ...
[...–...]
...
[...–...]
...
[...–...]
AIDS-related deaths (women, 15+) <100 [<100– <100]
<100 [<100– <100]
<100 [<100– <100]
AIDS-related deaths (men, 15+) <200 [<100– <200]
<100 [<100– <200]
<100 [<100– <200]
People living with HIV
People living with HIV (all ages) 12 000 [9800–14 000]
19 000 [16 000–22 000]
28 000 [24 000–32 000]
People living with HIV (0–14) ...
[...–...]
...
[...–...]
...
[...–...]
People living with HIV (women, 15+) 1600 [1400–1800]
2200 [2000–2500]
2600 [2300–2900]
People living with HIV (men, 15+) 10 000 [8300–12 000]
16 000 [13 000–19 000]
25 000 [21 000–29 000]