혈청 지질 몇 리포단백절에 대한 단기간 운동의 효과

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임상병리검사과학회지 : 제 27 권 제 1 호 1995.

Effects of Short-term Exercise on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins

Jung, Heon Keun

Dept. 01 Clinical Rαthology， Taejon Junior C어rJege

혈청 지질 몇 리포단백절에 대한 단기간 운동의 효과

대전전문대학 임상병리과 정헌근

단기간의 갑작스런 운동 (2 시간)이 혈청 지질 및 리포단백질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 최 근 관상동맥 질환이 증가하고 있어서 이에 대한 예방의 수단으로서 운동이 권장되고 있다. 따라 서 본 연구는 관상동맥질환과 직접 또는 간접적 관련이 있는 지질의 변화양상을 조사하였다. 본 연구는 특히 장기간 호기성 운동과는 어떤 차이가 있는가에 초점을 두었다. 본 연구 결과 총 콜 레스테롤은 운동 전 185 i:: 23 mg/dl 에서 운동 직후에 179 i:: 25 mg/dl로 3.2 % 감소하였으나 통 계적으로 유의성은 없었다. 트리글리세리드는 운동 전 92 i:: 19 mg/dl 에서 105 i:: 21 mg/dl으로 유의하게 (p<0.05， + 14.1 %) 증가하였다. 고밀도 리포단백질-콜레스테롤은 45.5 ::j: 9.0 mg/dl 에

서 49.3 i:: 8.8 mg/dl로 유의하게 증가하였다. 지속적인 운동과는 다르게 본 연구에서 아포리포단

백질 A-1 과 아포리포단백질 B는 유의한 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구결과 나타난 단백질 의 유의한 증가는 큰 의의는 없으며 단순히 혈액의 농축결과인 것으로 생각된다.

Key wαds : short-term exercise, HDL -cholesterol, ap이ipoprotein A - 1, apolipoprotein B

1. Introduction tive to the last session. Schneider et al showed that plasma triglyceride generally decrease significantly within the first 12'""24 hours following an exercise bout^4l•

Very little evidence indicates that physical training has any significant independent effect on plasma total cholesterol. Thompson et al and Dufax et al showed that low density lipoprotein -cholesterol(LDL- 80th longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have

shown that endurance trained athletes have low tri glyceride(TG) concentrations compared with the gen- eral populationI-4l. Discrepancies exist regarding the influence of short - term exercise on lipids and lipo proteins because of variability in sampling time rela-

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Blood samples(5 ml) were drawn without stasis from an antecubital vein before, immediately and 1 day after the beginning of exercise. The samples were transf erred to plain test tubes. Serum was ob tained by centrifugation at 1000xg for 15 minutes and used for determination of TG, cholesterol, protein, HDL-C, apolipoprotein A -1, apolipoprotein B and enzymes. Serum samples were kept frozen at - 20 t until assayed. Total cholesterol, TG, protein, and enzymes were measured by Hitachi 736 - 20 autoanalyzer. HDL-C was measured enzymaticlly after precipitation of LDL and very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) with phosphotungstic acid^l2).Apolipo- protein A -1 and apolipoprotein B were measured by

1. Subjects radial immunofiffusion^I3^).

C) and total cholesterol levels decrease after short- term exercisé^,^6).The findings of increased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) after a single bout of exercise has also been confirmed by many, but not all, inve않stigator‘냥-카，

…

10^0).Although total cholester-

이 is frequently unchanged, the lipid profile is im- proved(i.e., an increase in HDL-C, a decrease in LDL-C, and a decrease in TG). These changes are of importance since some physical training seemed to confer added protection against coronary heart dis ease 11)

Little is known about the mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced alterations of serum lipids. More recent attempts to focus on the effect of long term exercise training on apolipoproteins have disclosed an increase in apolipoprotein A - 1 and a decrease in apolipoprotein B²^).

Therefore, serum lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoprotein A -1, and apolipoprotein B were measured in order to determine whether acute effects of short-term exercise mimicked long - term exercise.

II. Materials and Methods

teers did not participate in regular endurance train ing programs but rather a life style of moderate physical activity such as table tennis and jogging. All of the subjects underwent a routine clinical chemistry tests, which revealed no apparent abnormal values.

The participants played table tennis as intensive as possible for 2-hours allowing only water.

2.81∞d Analysis

The subjects were 24 physically active male stu- 3. Statistical Methods dents at the Taejon Junior College. Their physical

characteristics and enzymes originated from muscle Ordinary statistical methods were used for the cal-

cells. culations of means, standard deviations. Differences

Their physical and biochemical variables before and before and after table tennis were tested for signifi- after table tennis were closely scrutinized. The volun- cance by the t-tes^t.

Table 1. Physical and Biochemicl Characteristics of the Subjects

Age Height Weight

year (cm) (kg) AST

22.5 1: 2.2 172.5 1: 5.5 65.4 1: 6.3 24.4 1: 2.1 All values expressed as mean ^1:SD

Serum Enzymes(IUjL)

ALT LDH CK

18.7 1: 4.2 156.6 1: 36.1 78.9 1: 20.1

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III. Results 179 ::l:: 25(3.2 % decrease) and 182::l:: 22 mg/dl(1.6 % decrease) respectively(Table 2). Immediately after Although serum total cholesterol levels did not serum TG levels increased from 92 ::l:: 19 to 105::l::

show statistic significance, immediately and 1 day 21 mg/dl(p<0.05, 14.1 % increase) but 1 day after after total cholesterol decreased from 185 ::l:: 23 to dropped to 94 ::l:: 20 mg/dl.

Table 2. Serum Concentration of Lipids, Apolipoproteins, and Total protein Before and After a 2-hour Table Tennis in 24 Subjects

Bef ore exercise Immediately after exercise Total cholesterol(mg/dl) 185 :!: 23 179 :!: 25

Triglyceride( mg/ dl) 92 :!: 19 105:!: 21*

HDL - cholesterol (mg/ dl) 45.5 :!: 9.0 49.3 :!: 8.8*

Apolipoprotein A -1(mg/dl) 127 :!: 19 130 :!: 21 Apolipoprotein B(mg/dl) 53.8 :!: 10.4 54.6 :!: 9.7 Total protein(g/dl) 7.4 :!: 1.2 8.0:!: 1.0*

Values are expressed as mean :!: SD.

Samples collected immediately before exercise were obtained under 7-hour fasting conditions.

Significant differences with the values immediately before exercise are indicated(

*

P<0.05)

1 day after exercise 182 :!: 22

94 :!: 20 47.6 :!: 9.2

129 :!: 20 54.2 :!: 12.6

7.5 :!: 1.2

Immediately after serum HDL-C increased signifi- sectional studies found marathoner넣7)， middle - aged cantly from 45.5 ::l:: 9.0 to 49.3 ::l:: 8.8 mg/dl(11 % in- male and female distance runners^l8) to have lower crease). In contrast, apolipoprotein A -1 and apoli- cholesterol levels when compared with sedentary con poprotein B did not change. Serum total protein in- trols.

creased significantly by 8.1 % but 1 day after re- Campbell¹⁹) randomly assigned male college fresh- turned to the before exercise value after 1 day of men to participate in various physical activities. Sub-

exercise. jects who performed ten weeks of vigorous dynamic

exercise showed a significant reduction of serum cho- N. Discussion lesterol when compared with a control group whose

mean ch이esterol increased over the study period. In- Total serum cholesterol was significantly dropped terestingly, those who participated in less rigorous at the immediately after. This agrees with the sports, such as golf, demonstrated significant decre- findings of Goldberg et al, Thompson et al and ments in cholesterol concentration as well.

Dufaux B et aF.5.^1O). In contrast, Berg et ajl4) and Studies comparing endurance-trained athletes and Durstine et ajl5) reported an increase in total plasma normal subjects as well as training studies report cholesterol. Cooper et ajl6) found that total cholesterol that physical training lowers serum TG levels by 20 levels were signigicantly lower in subjects considered % to 60 % ^1). Up to 65 % lower serum TG levels to have excellent aerobic fitness when compared with were measured after prolonged exercisé). There is those with very poor and poor fotness. Some cross - evidence that TG levels decrease with a delay of a

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few hours after exercise and remain reduced for the gested by Berg et ap4) that HDL is involved in the next two days. During heavy, short, and moderate transport of free fatty acid(FFA) during exercise. A endurance exercise, however, TG levels increase second mechanism for increased HDL-C could be an slightly even if serum concentrations are corrected increase in the activity of the enzyme lecithin choles- for changes in plasma volume. In the present study terol acyl transferase(LCAT). LCAT is responsible TG levels increased considerably after acute 2-hour for the formation of most of cholesterol ester associ- exercise. The observed increase in TG levels might be ated with HDL particles26). LCAT is activated by the results of an enhanced mobilization of TG from apolipopratein A -1. It has been reported by Leh-

fat stores. tonen et aF7) that the higher levels of plasma HDL-

Schneider et al reported that plasma triglyceride C found in athletes compared with sedentary controls generally decreased significantly within the first 12"'-'

24 hours following an exercise bout; however, without continued daily exercise the triglycerides return to baseline within 72 hours4). Although Hurter et aFO) reported no change in triglyceride concentration among a group of trained distance runners immediately after a marathon, most investigations have doc- umented decreased triglyceride levels among trained subjects after prolonged endurance exercise. Acute bouts of exercise have resulted in lowering triglyceride levels among hypertriglyceridemic men21 ). This effect has been explained by mechanisms of bath enhanced peripheral uptake of triglycerides22 ) and increased activity of lipoprotein lipase^23).

Many investigators reported that HDL-C levels were increased after a single bout of exerciseHO .24).

Many active subjects have been found to have higher concentrations of HDL-C than sedentary individuals^l7}.

The mechanism for an increased HDL-C level associated with physical activity is not known. However, the enzyme lipoprotein lipase(LPL) has been associated with this process. Lipopoatein lipase is involved in hydrolysis of the triglyceride from very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) : it is during this process that HDL particles “in part" are thought to be created.

Since LPL is activated during exercise, it is possible that the production of HDL particles is associated with triglyceride hydrolysis25). It has also been sug-

is associated with an increased apolipoprotein A-1 concentrat^lOn.

Reduction of LDL-C, the lipoprotein that accounts for the largest per cent of total cholesterol, has not always been found after aerobic training despite im- provement in maximal oxygen consumption. Thus far, the effect of exercise on total and LDL-C concentration appears variable and inconsisten^t.A reduction in LDL-C with concomitant HDL-C elevation might occur without an observed change in total cholesterol concentration, an alteration that could significantly reduce cardiovascular risk28).

More recent attempts to focus on the effect of long-term exercise training on apolipoproteins have disclosed an increase in apolipoprotein A - 1 and a decrease in apolipoprotein B2). In the present study apolipoprotein A - 1 and B did not change.

In conclusion, Acute, short-term exercise considerably increases serum TG, total protein, and HDL-C but do not change total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A- 1 and apolipoprotein B.

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