무독성 호안블록의 수리학적 안정성에 관한 실험적 연구

(1)

* ( ᵝ)SBB ʑᚁᩑǍᗭ ᩑǍᬱ ([email protected])

** ᯙᱽݡ⦺Ʊ ݡ⦺ᬱ ⪹ĞŖ⦺ŝ ᕾᔍŝᱶ ([email protected])

Received January 21 2013, Revised February 15 2013, Accepted April 4 2013

Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0)

ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹ͸ͷʹȀǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵Ǥ͵Ǥͻͺ͹ ǤǤǤ

⃲ᦃ⛯#㯶⬆⏒ḛⴖ#⟖Ὢ㬗⶿#⬆ⷓ⛯⮎#ኾ㬚#⢢㮖⶿#⮮ጪ

׌ঃ૴ȵ֜ઽࢢȵ׌ઽܑȵࢮ୍෮

Kim, Sang Woo, Koo, Young Min, Kim, Young Do, Park, Jae Hyeon****

An Experimental Study on Hydraulic Stability of Non-toxic Revetment Block

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to examine the hydraulic stability of non-toxic revetment technique for eco-friendly design of the domestic river restoration. Recently, instead of the flood control function-oriented river management policy for the engineering efficiency, the improvement of the environmental performance for the ecological river restoration project is implemented. However, the inappropriate hydraulic design criteria of the new revetment technique happen to the economic losses at flood season frequently. The hydraulic stability of the riprap and the block include the banks of rivers, riverbed protection, scour protection and so on. In this study, the high speed experimental channel was developed, which has the maximum velocity of 3.5 m/s, to perform the hydraulic experiments of the block method with non-toxic glue with various conditions to find the critical velocity of the revetment block for the hydraulic stability.

Key words : Hydraulic stability, Revetment, Non-toxic glue, Critical velocity, High speed channel

Ⅹಾ

ᅙᩑǍ᮹༊ᱢᮡǎԕ⦹⃽ᅖᬱ᮹ᯱᩑ⊽⪵ᱢᯙᖅĥෝ᭥⦽ྕࠦᖒ⪙ᦩŖჶ᮹ᙹญᱢᦩᱶᖒᮥá☁⦹۵äᯕ݅. ↽ɝॅᨕŖ⦺ᱢ⬉ᮉ᭥

ᵝ᮹⊹ᙹʑ܆อᮥ᭥⦽⦹⃽šญᱶ₦ᨱᕽჸᨕӹ⦹⃽᮹⪹Ğᱢʑ܆᮹}ᖁᮥ᭥⦽ᔾ┽⦹⃽ᅖᬱᔍᨦᯕᯕ൉ᨕḡŁᯩ݅. ə్ӹᝁȽ⪙ᦩ Ŗჶᨱݡ⦽ᇡᱢᱩ⦽ᙹญ⦺ᱢᖅĥʑᵡᯕᯱᵝ⪮ᙹʑĞᱽᱢᗱᝅᮥᮁၽ⦹Łᯩ݅. ᔍᕾၰትಾ᮹ᦩᱶᖒᨱš⦽ᩑǍ۵Ⓧí⦹⃽ᨱᕽᱽ

ႊ, ⦹ᔢᅕ⪙, ᖙǕႊḡ॒᮹༊ᱢŝၵ݅ᨱᕽ⪙ᦩੱ۵ႊ᳑ᱽ᮹⇶᳑ᨱ঑௝⚍⦹⦹۵ᔍᕾ᮹ᦩᱶᖒᨱʑⅩෝࢵᩑǍaݡᇡᇥᯕ໑Ğ⨹᜾

ᮝಽᯕ൉ᨕᲙᯩ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵↽Łᮁᗮ3.5 m/sᯙŁᗮᙹಽෝᱽ᯲⦹ᩍᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ྕࠦᖒᱲ₊ᱽෝᯕᬊ⦽ትಾŖჶᨱ

ݡ⦽݅᧲⦽᳑Õ᮹ᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥ☖⧕ᕽᙹญᱢᦩᱶᖒᮥ᭥⦽⪙ᦩትಾ᮹⦽ĥᮁᗮᮥǍ⦹ᩡ݅.

áᔪᨕ ᙹญᱢᦩᱶᖒ, ⪙ᦩ, ྕࠦᖒᱲ₊ᱽ, ⦽ĥᮁᗮ, Łᗮᙹಽ

1. ᕽು

↽ɝॅᨕ⊹ᙹʑ܆อᮥ᭥⦽Ŗ⦺ᱢ⬉ᮉ᭥ᵝ᮹⦹⃽šญᱶ₦ᨱᕽჸᨕӹᯕᙹ, ⪹Ğ, ⊽ᙹʑ܆}ᖁᮥ⡍⧉⦽ᔾ┽⦹⃽ᮝಽ᮹

ᅖᬱᔍᨦᯕᯕ൉ᨕḡŁᯩ݅(Lee et al., 2007). ŝÑᅕ݅⦹⃽⪹Ğᮥᵲ᫵᜽⦹໕ᕽ⊽⪹Ğᱢᯙࢵ⊹᳑ᖒŝᱡᙹಽᅖᬱᯕḥ⧪ࡹŁ

ᯩᮝӹ, ⦹⃽᮹ ᱽႊᮥ ⡍⧉⦽ ⦹⃽Ğᔍ໕ ၰ ᵝ᫵ Ǎ᳑ྜྷ ᵝᄡᨱ ᩍᱥ⯩ ݅ᙹ᮹ ⎹Ⓧญ✙ ᱽ⣩ᮥ ᔍᬊ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ⎹Ⓧญ✙ ᱽ⣩ᨱ

սėॡ

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Fig. 1. Rock Size for Isbash Curve (Isbash, 1935) ᮹⦽⪙ᦩŖჶᮡ⫮ᯝ⪵ࡽ⩶┽ಽᯙ⧕⊽ᙹŖeᮝಽᕽ᮹⦹⃽Ğ

š✚ᖒᮥ᯹ၹᩢ⦹ḡ༜⦹Łᯩ݅. ᯕ᪡zᮡྙᱽᱱᮥᅕ᪥⦹ʑ

᭥⧕ᔍᕾ, ༊ᰍ, ᜾ᔾ॒᮹݅᧲⦽ᰍഭෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔾ┽⪙ᦩŖჶᮥ

}ၽ⦹ᩍ᜽Ŗ⦹Łᯩᮝӹ, ᙹญᱢᦩᱶᖒᨱݡ⧕ᱶపᱢᯙ⠪aa

ᯕ൉ᨕḡḡ༜⦹Łᯩ݅(Choi, 2001). ⪙ᦩŖჶ᮹ᱢᬊᨱݡ⦽

~šᱢᯕŁǍℕᱢᯙᖁᱶʑᵡᯕᨧᨕᖅĥᯱ᮹ᵝšᱢᯙ❱݉ᨱ

᮹⧕ŖჶᯕđᱶࡹŁᯩᮝ໑, ᗭඹಆá☁ෝ☖⧕Ŗჶᮥđᱶ⦹Ł

ᯩᮝӹᙹ∊ᇡ, እᙹ∊ᇡ॒Ǎeᄥᱢᬊႊჶ॒ᨱݡ⦽Ǎℕᱢᯙ

ᖅĥʑჶ᮹}ၽᯕၙ⯂⦽ᝅᱶᯕ݅(Hwang et al., 2008). ↽ɝᨱ

}ၽࡽ݅᧲⦽ᔾ┽ᅖᬱŖჶᮡᩍ్ᵲᗭᨦℕᨱᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ʑᚁᱢ ᯙá☁ෝÑ⊹ḡᦫŁ᧲ᔑ⦹Łᯩ۵ᝅᱶᯕᨕᕽbŖჶᨱݡ⦽

Ǎ᳑ᱢ, ᙹญᱢᯙᦩᱶᖒá☁᪡᜾ᔾ⪽₊ᖒ॒ᯕᱽݡಽ⠪aࡹŁ

ᯩḡ ᦫᮡ ᝅᱶᯕ݅(Kim, 2006).

⦹⃽ᅖᬱᨱݡ⦽šᝍᯕ⦹⃽᮹ʑ܆ᵲ⪹Ğʑ܆อᮥv᳑⦹۵

ႊ⨆ᮝಽ ᯕ൉ᨕᲙᕽ۵ ᦩ ࡹ໑, ᱥ☖ᱢᯙ ⊹ᙹᱢ ᱲɝ ႊ᜾ᨱ

ݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕ⠪aᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕᧝⦽݅(Park, 2009). ǎԕ᮹⪙ᦩ

ትಾᮡ⊹ᙹᱢၰᔾ┽ᱢᵲ᫵ᖒᨱࠥᇩǍ⦹Łݡᇡᇥ᮹ትಾᯕ

ᯕುᯕӹʑⅩᱢᯙᝅ⨹ᨱ᮹⧕}ၽࡽäᯕᦥܩŁĞ⨹ၰ༉ႊᨱ

᮹⧕}ၽࡹᨩŁᙹญᝅ⨹ᨱ᮹⧕✚ᖒᯕᱽ᜽ࡽĞᬑaᨧ݅.

⩥ᰍᝅᱽ⦹⃽ᨱᱢᬊࡽݡᇡᇥ᮹⪙ᦩትಾᨱݡ⦽ᙹญ✚ᖒᯕ

ᇩ໦⪶⦽ᔢ┽ಽᙹญᦩᱶᖒᨱݡ⧕ᕽ∊ᇥ⯩á᷾ࡹᨩ݅Łᅕʑ

ᨕಅᬕᔢ┽ᯕ໑, ↽ɝǎԕᨱᕽ݅᧲⦽⊽⪹Ğ⪙ᦩትಾᱽ⣩

ᯕ}ၽࡹᨕ⦹⃽⩥ᰆᨱᱢᬊࡹŁᯩᮝӹᙹญ✚ᖒᯕ໦⪶⦹í

ᱽ᜽ࡹḡ ᦫᮡ ᔢ┽ಽ ᜽Ŗࡹ۵ ᝅᱶᯕ݅(Lee et al., 2011).

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵Łᗮᙹಽෝ}ၽ⦹ᩍ⪙ᦩትಾᨱݡ⦽⦽ĥᮁᗮ

ᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ᔾ┽⦹⃽ྕࠦᖒ⪙ᦩትಾ᮹ᙹญᱢᦩᱶᖒ

⠪aᨱᱢᬊ⧁ᙹᯩ۵ʑ᳕᮹Ğ⨹᜾ᮥá☁⦹ᩡŁ, ᝅ⨹đŝ᮹

☖ĥᱢ ᇥᕾᮥ☖⦹ᩍ ᝅᱽ ⦹⃽ᨱᕽᱢᬊ a܆⦽ ᝁȽŖჶ᮹

ᙹญᱢ ᦩᱶᖒᨱ š⦽ Ğ⨹᜾ᮥ ᱽ᜽⦹ᩡ݅.

2. ᯕುᱢ႑Ğ

ᯝၹᱢᮝಽᙹᵲᨱᕽ᮹እᱱ₊ᖒ᯦ᯱ᮹ᯕ࠺ᮡ᯦ᯱ᮹ᵲపŝ

᯦Ğ ၰ⮱෥✚ᖒᨱ ᮹⦽ ษₑᗮࠥᨱᩢ⨆ᮥ ၼí ࡹ໑⦹ᔢ᮹

᯦ᯱaၼ۵⯹ᮡ⧎ಆ(drag force) ၰ᧲ಆ(lifting force)ŝ᯦ᯱ᮹

ᙹᵲᵲపᯕ݅. ᔍᕾ᮹ᦩᱶᨱš⦽᜾ᮡⓍí⦹⃽ᨱᕽᱽႊ, ⦹ᔢᅕ

⪙, ᖙǕႊḡ॒᮹༊ᱢŝၵ݅ᨱᕽ⪙ᦩੱ۵ႊ᳑ᱽ᮹⇶᳑ᨱ

঑௝⚍⦹⦹۵ᔍᕾ᮹ᦩᱶᖒᨱʑⅩෝࢵᩑǍaݡᇡᇥᯕ݅(Choi and Park, 2011). ᔍᕾ᮹ᦩᱶᖒᨱš⦽Ŗ᜾ᮡⓍí⦹⃽ᨱᕽ᮹

ᦩᱶᖒŝၵ݅ᨱᕽๅพḡ᳑ᖒᮥ᭥⦽↽᳦ℕᱩǍe᮹ᔍᕾ⚍⦹

ᨱ ঑ෙ ᦩᱶᖒᨱ š⦽ ᜾ᮝಽ Ǎᇥ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.

Isbash (1935) ۵Ǎ᳑ྜྷᯕᨧ۵⮱෥ᨱᔍᕾᮥਉᨕஉಅ⦹ඹಽ

ᥙಅaḡᦫ۵ᔍᕾ᮹Ⓧʑၰᵲపᮥđᱶ⦹۵Ğ⨹᜾ᮥ⠪Ɂᮁ

ᗮ }ֱᮝಽ Eq. (1)ŝ zᯕ ᱽᦩ⦹ᩡ݅.

ᩍʑᕽ, ¯

ᮡᔍᕾᮥᬡḢᯝᙹᯩࠥಾ⦹۵↽ᗭᮁᗮ(m/s),

۵ Isbash ĥᙹಽ ᳑ၡ⦹í ₥ᬭḥ ᔍᕾ᮹ Ğᬑ 1.4, ۱ᜉ⦹í

₥ᬭḥᔍᕾ᮹Ğᬑ0.7, ᔍᕾᯕי⇽ࡽĞᬑ0.86, ⮺ᨱྜ⯭Ğ ᬑ1.2ෝᔍᬊ⦽݅. Isbash Ŗ᜾ᮡ᪥ᱥ⦽⮱෥᮹Ğᬑᮁᗮᄡ⪵ᨱ

঑௝ᔍᕾ᮹Ƚ༉ෝđᱶ⦹۵᜾ᮝಽᙹᝍŝᔍᕾḢĞ᮹šĥ(y/d) a5 10᮹ჵ᭥ԕᨱᕽᮁᬊ⦹íᔍᬊࡹŁᯩ݅(Choi and Lee, 2008). Fig. 1ᮡ Isbash łᖁᮝಽ ᔍᕾⓍʑᨱ ঑ෙ ⦽ĥᮁᗮᮥ

᦭ ᙹ ᯩ݅(NRCS, 2007).

USACE (1991)ᨱᕽ۵⦹ᔢᅕ⪙Ŗᮝಽᔍᕾᮥᯕᬊ⧁Ğᬑ

Ⅹʑᨱ۵⠪┥⦽⦹ᔢᨱݡ⧕ᕽᔍᕾ᮹ᵲపŝᮁᗮᨱݡ⦽eఖ⦽

šĥ᜾ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ᯦Ğᮥđᱶ⦹۵Eq. (2)ෝ}ၽ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ₉ᬱ

⧕ᕾŝᝅ⨹ᮥ☖⦹ᩍᔩಽᬕšĥ᜾ᮝಽᰍഭ᮹ᵲపᮥŁಅ⦹ᩡ

݅(Eq. (3) ₙ᳑).

Ɠ

^Ï

(2)

ņ _ Ĺ

_Ɛ

_ Ɠ

^Ó

(3)

ᩍʑᕽ, Ɠ ۵ษₑᗮࠥ(m/s), Ĺ

_Ɛ

۵ᔍᕾ᮹݉᭥ᵲప(kg/m

³

), W ۵ ᔍᕾ᮹ ᵲప(kg)ᮥ ӹ┡ԙ݅.

CDH (1970) ᮡ Eqs. (4)ⴇ(5)ᨱ ӹ┡ԙ ၵ᪡ zᯕ ⧕ᦩ ၰ

⦹⃽ᨱᕽ⪙ᦩ, ᙹᱽŖ॒ᨱš⦽ᖅĥʑᵡᮝಽᔍᕾⓍʑᨱݡ⦽

Ŗ᜾ᮥ ᱽ᜽⦹ᩡ݅(Choi and Park, 2011).

(3)

Fig. 2. Specification of High-Speed Channel

° á Þ¬

_Ɛ

à Îß

^Ð

(4)

ć Ɨ Ƃ

_Ò×

á ×íÏÖć ¬

Ɛ

¯ à Î

^Ï

(5)

Ǎ᳑ྜྷ᮹ ᔍ໕bࠥෝ ӹ┡ԙ݅.

ASCE (1975) ᮡ☖ŝ᯦Ğᮥ50%ಽ⦽ Ƃ

Ò×

ᮝಽᝅ⨹ᮥᝅ᜽⦹

ᩍEq. (6)ෝᱽᦩ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᮁᗮ(V)۵ᱽႊᨱᕽ3.0 m ਉᨕḥ

Ñญᨱᕽ᮹ ⠪Ɂᮁᗮ(m/s)ᮥ ӹ┡ԙ݅.

Ƃ

_Ò×

á ć Þ¬

_Ɛ

à Îß _ ƅ _ ķ ×íÐÑÔ¯

^Ï

(6)

Jansen et al. (1979)ᮡႊ᳑ᱽ⇶᳑᜽ҾสᯕŖᔍᨱᕽ༉௹

ੱ۵⮺ᵝນܩaᔍᬊࡽᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽᮁࠥࡹᨩ݅(Eqs. (7)ⴇ (8) ₙ᳑). ᯕŖ᜾ᮡᱲɝᮁᗮŝŖᔍᨱᔍᬊࡽᰍഭ᮹ᔢݡၡࠥ᮹

⧉ᙹಽǍᖒࡹᨕᯩᮝ໑, ᙹᵲᨱᕽᦩ₊ࡽ༉௹ᵝນܩ᮹ᵲపᯕ

⮱෥ᨱ∊ᇥ⯩čॽᙹᯩࠥಾ⦹ʑ᭥⦽ᖅĥ᜾ᯕ݅. ᯕŖ᜾ᮡ

ᱲɝᮁᗮĥᙹ ķ a ᵝࡽ ᄡᙹᯕ໑, ᔍᕾ᮹ Ŗ⋎ḢĞ ၰ ᵲపᮥ

ĥᔑ ⧁ ভ ᯕᬊࡹ۵ ᜾ᯕ݅(Choi and Park, 2011).

_Ƒ

á ķ _ ć Ïƅ Ɣ

^Ï

_ ć  Î (7)

° á ćÓ ņ _ Ň

_Ƒ

_Ƒ^Ð

(8)

ᩍʑᕽ, ķ ۵ᱲɝᮁᗮĥᙹಽᕽᯝၹᱢᯙ⮱෥ᯝĞᬑ1.1, ӽඹ

⩥ᔢᯕᝍ⦽Ğᬑ1.4ಽǍᄥࡹᨕᔍᬊࡽ݅. Ň

_Ƒ

۵ᔍᕾ᮹ၡࠥᯕ໑,

_Ƒ

۵ ᔍᕾ᮹ ḢĞᯕ݅.

Maynord Ŗ᜾ᮡ ၙŖᄲ݉ ᙹಽ᜽⨹ᗭ(USACE, 1991)ᨱᕽ

}ၽࡽ ᯕ ᜾ᮡ ⦹ᔢᅕ⪙Ŗᮝಽᔍᕾᮥ ᯕᬊ⧁ Ğᬑ Ⅹʑᨱ۵

⠪┥⦽⦹ᔢᨱݡ⧕ᕽᔍᕾ᮹ᵲపŝᮁᗮᨱݡ⦽eఖ⦽šĥ᜾

ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ᯦Ğᮥđᱶ⦹݅aᱱ₉ᙹᝍŝᔍᕾ᮹ᦩ᜾b॒ᮥ

Łಅ⦹ʑ᜽᯲⧩݅. ӹᦥa₉ᬱ⧕ᕾŝᝅ⨹ᮥ☖⦹ᩍᔩಽᬕšĥ

᜾ᮥᱽ᜽⦹ᩡ۵ߑ, ᙹᝍၰᮁᗮ, ᰍഭ᮹ᵲపᮥŁಅ⦹ᩡᮝӹ

ʑ᳕ Ŗ᜾ᮡ ☖ŝ᯦Ğᮥ Ƃ

Ð×

ᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᱽ᜽⦽ ၹ໕, Maynord

॒(1989)᮹᜾ᮡᮁᗮ᮹2.5᜚ၰ3᜚ᨱእಡ⦹۵᜾ᮥ☖ŝ᯦Ğᮥ

Ƃ

Ð×

ᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽ ᱽ᜽⦹ᩡᮝ໑, Eqs. (9)ⴇ(10)ŝ z݅.

ć Ɨ Ƃ

Ð×

á

_Ƒ

ÞÞć ¬ Î àÎß

_Ɛ ^×íÒ

ć ö ¯ ß ^ć ƅƗ

^ÏíÒ

(9)

ć Ɨ Ƃ

Ð×

á ×íÏÏ¯

^Ð

(10)

ᩍʑᕽ,

Ƒ

۵ ᔍᕾᨱ š⦽ ᦩᱶᖒ ĥᙹಽ ᅕ☖ 0.3ᮥ ᥑ໑ (Stefano et al., 1998), _Ƃ

_Ð×

ᮡ 30% ☖ŝ᯦Ğ, Ɨ ۵ ᙹᝍ, V۵

⠪Ɂᮁᗮ(m/s)ᯕ݅.

Neill ۵ ᮁᗮ᮹ 2.5᜚ Ŗ᜾ᮝಽ 50% ☖ŝ᯦Ğ ᱽ᜽⦹ᩡ݅

(Neill, 1976). Neill Ŗ᜾ᮡ ᖙǕᝍ ᔑᱶ⦹۵ߑ ฯᯕ ᔍᬊ⦹۵

Ŗ᜾ᯕ݅.

ć Ɨ Ƃ

_Ò×

á ć Þ¬

_Ɛ

à Îß

^ÎíÏÒ

×íÐÏ ¯

^ÏíÒ

(11)

3. ᝅ⨹ႊჶ

Fig. 2۵ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽᔍᬊ⦽Łᗮᙹಽ᮹ᱽᬱᮥӹ┡ԙäᮝಽ

ⅾʙᯕ6 m, ᙹಽǍe5 mಽᕽ, ᙹಽ᮹⡎ŝ׳ᯕ۵bb0.3 mᯕ݅. ↽ݡᮁᗮᮡĞᔍෝᵝᨩᮥভ3.5 m/sʭḡǍ⩥⧁ᙹᯩᮝ ໑, ᙹ⠪Ğᔍᨱᕽ۵2.8 m/sʭḡǍ⩥ᯕa܆⦹݅. ᙹಽ᮹ᮁ᯦ᇡ ᨱᇡ₊ࡽ5}᮹⪙ᜅෝݡ⩶⟭⥥ᨱᩑđ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, b⪙ᜅᩑđᇡ ᨱᇡ₊ࡽ5}᮹႙ቭෝ☖⦹ᩍᮁపᮥ᳑ᱩ⦹ᩡ݅. ᙹྙᮥ☖⦹ᩍ

ᙹᝍŝᮁᗮᮥ᳑ᱩ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, Łᮁᗮᨱᕽӽඹၽᔾᮥ↽ݡ⦽ႊḡ

(4)

(a) 5 mm Riprap (b) 13 mm Riprap (c) 20 mm Riprap Fig. 3. Types of Riprap

Block Size (cm) 9×9×5 11×11×5 13×13×5 15×15×5 17×17×5

Diameter (cm) 7.40 8.45 9.45 10.40 11.31

Block Size (cm) 19×19×5 21×21×5 23×23×5 25×25×5 27×27×5

Diameter (cm) 12.18 13.02 13.83 14.62 15.39

Fig. 4. Specification of 5 mm Riprap Block (5 cm Height)

Block Size (cm) 9×9×5 11×11×5 13×13×5 15×15×5 17×17×5

Diameter (cm) 7.40 8.45 9.45 10.40 11.31

Block Size (cm) 19×19×5 21×21×5 23×23×5 25×25×5 27×27×5

Diameter (cm) 12.18 13.02 13.83 14.62 15.39

Fig. 5. Specification of 13 mm Riprap Block (5 cm Height)

(5)

Block Size (cm) 9×9×5 11×11×5 13×13×5 15×15×5 17×17×5

Diameter (cm) 7.40 8.45 9.45 10.40 11.31

Block Size (cm) 19×19×5 21×21×5 23×23×5 25×25×5 27×27×5

Diameter (cm) 12.18 13.02 13.83 14.62 15.39

Fig. 6. Specification of 20 mm Riprap Block (5 cm Height)

Block Size (cm) 9×9×7 11×11×7 13×13×7 15×15×7 17×17×7

Diameter (cm) 8.28 9.46 10.58 11.63 12.65

Block Size (cm) 19×19×7 21×21×7 23×23×7 25×25×7 27×27×7

Diameter (cm) 13.62 14.56 15.47 16.36 17.22

Fig. 7. Specification of 13 mm Riprap Block (7 cm Height)

Block Size (cm) 9×9×9 11×11×9 13×13×9 15×15×9 17×17×9

Diameter (cm) 9.00 10.29 11.50 12.65 13.75

Block Size (cm) 19×19×9 21×21×9 23×23×9 25×25×9 27×27×9

Diameter (cm) 14.81 15.83 16.82 17.78 18.72

Fig. 8. Specification of 13 mm Riprap Block (9 cm Height)

(6)

Table 1. Experimental Conditions

Riprap Diameter (mm) Block Height (cm) Block Size (W×L) (cm)

5 D1 5 H1

9 × 9 S01 11 × 11 S02 13 × 13 S03

13 D2 7 H2

15 × 15 S04 17 × 17 S05 19 × 19 S06

20 D3 9 H3

21 × 21 S07 23 × 23 S08 25 × 25 S09 27 × 27 S10

Fig. 9. Specific Gravity of Riprap and Revetment Block

⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍᙹྙᨱŁྕ➉┚ၰŁᱶᰆ⊹ෝᖅ⊹⦹ᩡ݅. ᦩᱶ⪵ෝ

᭥⧕ᕽᙹಽ᮹4 m ḡᱱᨱትಾᮥᖅ⊹⦹ᩍᝅ⨹ᮥᝅ᜽⦹ᩡ݅.

ᮁᗮ᳑ᱩಽᯙ⦹ᩍትಾᯕᬡḢᯕʑ᜽᯲⧁ভ႙ቭ᳑ᱩᮥຩ⇵Ł

ትಾᮥ ᙹಽᨱᕽ ᱽÑ⦽ ⬥ᨱ ᮁᗮᮥ ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. Ł ᮁᗮᨱᕽ

ᮁᗮᮥ⊂ᱶ⦹ʑ᭥⧕⩥ᰆᬊ⥥ಽ⠁్ᮁᗮĥෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩡ݅. ᅙ

ᩑǍᨱᕽ۵⪙ᦩትಾ᮹⦽ĥᮁᗮᮥ Ǎ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᙹಽ᮹Ğᔍෝ

ᵝḡ ᦫŁ ᙹ⠪ ᔢ┽ᨱᕽ ᝅ⨹ᮥ ᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅.

⪙ᦩትಾᮥอॅভᔍᬊ⦽ྕࠦᖒᱲ₊ᱽ۵❭ᯱษᩕๅᨱᕽ

⇵⇽⦽᜾ྜྷᖒ⡕ญᬑ౩┥ᮝಽᯱᩑᔾ┽ĥᨱᦦᩢ⨆ᯕӹ☁᧲ŝ

ྜྷᮥ᪅ᩝ᜽┅ḡᦫ۵݅. ትಾᮥอॅভᔍᬊ⦽ᔍᕾ᮹ḢĞᮡ

5 mm, 13 mm, 20 mmಽྕࠦᖒᱲ₊ᱽෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᱽ᯲⦹ᩡᮝ໑,

݅Ŗᖒ᮹⩶┽ෝaḡíࡽ݅. 3aḡ┡᯦᮹ትಾᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍbb

10 aḡ᮹Ⓧʑෝอॅᨕ30}᮹ትಾᮥᱽ᯲⦹ᩡᮝ໑, 13 mm ᔍᕾᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍትಾ׳ᯕᨱ঑ෙ⦽ĥᮁᗮᮥ⊂ᱶ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍ

׳ᯕ 7 cm᪡ 9 cmಽ 20}᮹ ትಾᮥ ⇵aᱢᮝಽ ᱽ᯲⦹ᩍ ⅾ

50 }᮹ትಾᮝಽᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. Table 1ᮡᝅ⨹᳑Õᮥӹ┡ԙ

äᮝಽትಾ᮹Ⓧʑ, ትಾᮥอॅভᔍᬊ⦽ᔍᕾ᮹Ⓧʑ, ትಾ᮹

׳ᯕ᮹᳑Õᮝಽⅾ50}᮹ትಾᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅.

4. ᝅ⨹đŝᇥᕾ

4.1 णணंজ

Fig. 9۵ትಾᮥᱽ᯲⧁ভᔍᬊ⦽ᔍᕾŝትಾᔢ┽ᯝভእᵲᮥ

⊂ᱶ⦽đŝᯕ݅. ትಾ᮹እᵲᮡⓍʑᄥಽ10ჩ᮹⊂ᱶ⬥⠪Ɂᮥ

Ǎ⦹ᩡ݅. 5 mm ᔍᕾ᮹ እᵲᮡ 2.74, 13 mm ᔍᕾ᮹ እᵲᮡ

2.56, 20 mm ᔍᕾ᮹ እᵲᮡ 2.84ಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅. ትಾᮥ ᱽ᯲⧁

ভᔍᬊ⦽ᔍᕾᮡǎԕᨱᕽ⮵⦽⪵vᦵᮝಽᯝၹᱢᯙ⪵vᦵ᮹

እᵲ(⠪Ɂ2.75)ŝእ᜘⦹íӹ┡ԍ݅. ⪙ᦩትಾ᮹እᵲᮡbb᮹

ᔍᕾᅕ݅ԏíӹ┡ԍᮝ໑, ᯕ۵⪙ᦩትಾ᮹Ŗɚᮝಽᯙ⦽äᯕ݅.

⪙ᦩትಾᮥǍᖒ⦹۵ᔍᕾ᮹Ⓧʑa᯲ᮥᙹಾእᵲᯕԏᮡäᮡ

b ᔍᕾ᮹ እᵲ᮹ ₉ᯕ᪡ ⪙ᦩትಾᮥ Ǎᖒ⦹۵ Ŗɚ᮹ ₉ᯕᨱ

ʑᯙ⦹۵äᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅. እᵲᮡbb᮹Ŗ᜾ᮥᯕᬊ⦽ᔍᕾŝ

⪙ᦩትಾ᮹ ⦽ĥᮁᗮᮥ እƱ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ ᔍᬊࡹᨩ݅.

4.2 ॷজ଺լ઩ݗࠛ෉ծକু

Łᗮᙹಽᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥ☖⦹ᩍᔍᕾ᮹⠪Ɂ᯦Ğᨱ঑ෙ⪙ᦩትಾ

᮹⦽ĥᮁᗮᮥ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. Fig 10ᮡbb⠪Ɂ᯦Ğ5 mm, 13 mm, 20 mm ᔍᕾᮝಽอॅᨕḥ⪙ᦩትಾ᮹ᝅ⨹đŝෝӹ┡ԙ

äᮝಽ5 mm ᔍᕾ᮹↽ݡⓍʑ(27 cm × 27 cm)᮹⪙ᦩትಾ᮹

⦽ĥᮁᗮᮡ 2.05 m/sᯕ໑, 13 mm ᔍᕾ᮹ ↽ݡⓍʑ(27 cm × 27 cm) ᮹ ⪙ᦩትಾ᮹ ⦽ĥᮁᗮᮡ 2.18 m/sᯕ໑, 20 mm ᔍᕾ

↽ݡⓍʑ(27 cm × 27 cm)᮹⪙ᦩትಾ᮹⦽ĥᮁᗮᮡ2.24 m/sಽ

ӹ┡ԍ݅, ᔍᕾ᮹Ⓧʑa⍅ḩᙹಾ⦽ĥᮁᗮᯕⓍíӹ┡ԍᮝ໑, ᯕ۵ትಾ᮹ᔍᕾ⠪Ɂ᯦Ğᯕ᷾a⦹໕ᕽᯕᨱ঑௝ትಾ᮹እᵲᯕ

⍅Კᕽ⦽ĥᮁᗮᯕⓑäᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅. ə్ӹᯕ᪡zᮡ⬉ŝ۵

ትಾ᮹ Ⓧʑᨱ ঑ෙ ᩢ⨆ᅕ݅۵ ၙၙ⦽ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.

4.3 टߧڔଲ઩ݗࠛ෉ծକু

13 mm ᔍᕾᮥᔍᬊ⦽⪙ᦩትಾ᮹׳ᯕᄥಽ⦽ĥᮁᗮᮥ⊂ᱶ⦹

ᩡ݅. ⪙ᦩትಾ᮹׳ᯕෝbb5 cm, 7 cm, 9 cmಽᱽ᯲⦹ᩡ݅.

⪙ᦩትಾᮡ ↽ᗭ 9 cm × 9 cmᨱᕽ ↽ݡ 27 cm × 27 cmಽ

ᱽ᯲⦹ᩡᮝ໑, Fig 11ᮡ⪙ᦩትಾ᮹׳ᯕᄥಽbትಾ᮹Ŗ⋎ḢĞ ᨱ঑ෙ⦽ĥᮁᗮᮥӹ┡ԙäᯕ݅. ትಾ׳ᯕᨱ঑ෙ⦽ĥᮁᗮᮥ

ᅕ໕↽ᗭⓍʑ(9 cm × 9 cm)᮹⪙ᦩትಾᨱᕽ۵ትಾ᮹׳ᯕa

ⓕᙹಾ ⦽ĥᮁᗮᯕ ᯲í ӹ┡ԍ݅. ᯕ۵ ትಾ᮹ ׳ᯕa ⓕᙹಾ

Ŗ⋎ḢĞᯕⓍḡอ, ᮁᙹ໕ᱢᯕ⍅Კᕽᔍᕾᯕၼ۵⧎ಆࠥ⍅ḡʑ

ভྙᯙ äᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅. ⦹ḡอ ↽ݡⓍʑ(27 cm × 27 cm)᮹

⪙ᦩትಾᨱᕽ۵׳ᯕaⓑትಾ᮹⦽ĥᮁᗮᯕ޵׳ᦹ݅. ᷪትಾ᮹

Ŗ⋎ḢĞᯕ᯲ᮥভᨱ۵ᮁᙹ݉໕ᱢᨱ᮹⦽⧎ಆᨱḡ႑ෝၼᦹḡ อŖ⊺ḢĞᯕ⍅ḩᙹಾᔍᕾ᮹ᵲపᨱ᮹⦹ᩍ⦽ĥᮁᗮᯕ⍅ḡ۵

äᮥ ⪶ᯙ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᨩ݅.

(7)

Fig. 12. Relationship between Critical Velocity and Nominal Diameter of Revetment Block

(a) Block of 5 mm Riprap (b) Block of 13 mm Riprap (c) Block of 20 mm Riprap Fig. 10. Relationship between Critical Velocity and Riprap Diameter

(a) Block Height - 5 cm (b) Block Height - 7 cm (c) Block Height - 9 cm Fig. 11. Relationship between Critical Velocity and Block Height

4.4 ࡿܒন෹ੲटߧଭ෉ծକুվਐକܑ

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᔍᕾŝ⪙ᦩትಾ᮹✚ᖒᨱš⦹ᩍ₉ᬱ⧕ᕾᮥ

ᝅ᜽⦹Ł, ⪙ᦩትಾ᮹⦽ĥᮁᗮᨱݡ⦽ᖁ⩶⫭ȡᇥᕾᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩍ

Eq. (12) ᪡zᮡᔩಽᬕ⩶┽᮹Ŗ᜾ᮥᮁࠥ⦹ᩡ݅. ₉ᬱ⧕ᕾᨱᕽ ۵Ḣᮂ໕ℕ᮹ትಾᮥǍ⩶ᮝಽaᱶ⦽äᮥᅕᱶ⦹ʑ᭥⦽Ŗ⋎Ḣ Ğᮥ ᔍᬊ⦹ᩡ݅. Ŗ⋎ḢĞᮡ Isbash(1935)ᨱᕽ ᱽ᜽⦽ ትಾŝ

࠺ᯝ⦽ᇡ⦝ෝw۵Ǎ᮹ḢĞ(Ds)ŝŖ⋎ḢĞ(Dn)᮹šĥ᜾ᮥ

ᯕᬊ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, Eq (13)ŝz݅. ᔍᕾ᮹እᵲŝትಾ᮹እᵲᮥᯕᬊ

⦹ᩍትಾ᮹Ŗɚ✚ᖒᮥӹ┡ԕŁᯱ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᯕෝ☖⦹ᩍ⦽ĥ

ᮁᗮᮥǍ⧉ᮝಽᯝᱶ⦽Ⓧʑ᮹⦹⃽ᮁᗮᮥčॽᙹᯩ۵⪙ᦩትಾ

᮹ Ŗ⋎ḢĞᮥ Ǎ⧁ ᙹ ᯩࠥಾ ⦹ᩡ݅. Fig. 12ᨱ ӹ┡ԙ ၵ᪡

zᯕᝁ഑ᖒᯩ۵⫭ȡᇥᕾᮥ☖⦽ᱢ⧊⦽Ŗ᜾ᮥᮁࠥ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍ

᯵₉ᇥᕾᮥ☖⧕ᯕᔢ⊹ෝᱽÑ⦹ᩡ݅. Fig. 12᮹y⇶ᮡ⦽ĥᮁᗮ (m/s) ᮹ᱽŒᯕ໑, x⇶ᮡ(ትಾ᮹እᵲ/ ᔍᕾ᮹እᵲ) × Ŗ⋎ḢĞ

× ᵲಆaᗮࠥᯕ݅. ትಾእᵲᮥᔍᕾእᵲᮝಽӹ٩sᮡ⪙ᦩትಾ

ᮥᱽ᯲⧁ভᔍᬊ⦽ᔍᕾ᮹Ⓧʑᨱ঑௝ትಾ᮹Ŗɚᯕᄡ⦹Ł

࠺ᯝ⦽Ŗ⋎ḢĞᮥw۵⪙ᦩትಾᯕ௝ࠥŖɚᨱ঑ෙᵲపŝ⦽ĥ

ᮁᗮ᮹ ᄡ⦹အಽ ᯕ᪡ zᮡ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ၹᩢ⦹ʑ ᭥⦽ äᯕ݅.

(8)

Fig. 13. Comparison of Calculated Critical Velocity with Measured Data

Table 2. Experimental Results

Case No.

Nominal Diameter

(cm)

Critical Velocity (m/s)

Critical Tractive Force

(kgf/m

²

)

Specific Gravity

Froude Number D1H1S01 7.40 1.22 174.30 2.41 1.74 D1H1S02 8.46 1.42 202.87 2.41 2.03 D1H1S03 9.45 1.50 214.30 2.41 2.14 D1H1S04 10.40 1.60 228.59 2.41 2.29 D1H1S05 11.31 1.72 245.73 2.41 2.46 D1H1S06 12.18 1.81 258.59 2.41 2.59 D1H1S07 13.02 1.86 265.73 2.41 2.66 D1H1S08 13.83 1.95 278.59 2.41 2.79 D1H1S09 14.62 2.01 287.16 2.41 2.87 D1H1S10 15.39 2.05 292.88 2.41 2.93 D2H1S01 7.40 1.3 185.73 2.45 1.86 D2H1S02 8.46 1.43 204.30 2.45 2.04 D2H1S03 9.45 1.54 220.01 2.45 2.20 D2H1S04 10.40 1.60 228.59 2.45 2.29 D2H1S05 11.31 1.70 242.87 2.45 2.43 D2H1S06 12.18 1.84 262.87 2.45 2.63 D2H1S07 13.02 1.90 271.45 2.45 2.71 D2H1S08 13.83 2.06 294.31 2.45 2.94 D2H1S09 14.62 2.09 298.59 2.45 2.99 D2H1S10 15.39 2.18 311.45 2.45 3.11 D3H1S01 7.40 1.28 182.87 2.50 1.83 D3H1S02 8.46 1.40 200.01 2.50 2.00 D3H1S03 9.45 1.52 217.16 2.50 2.17 D3H1S04 10.40 1.61 230.02 2.50 2.30 D3H1S05 11.31 1.78 254.30 2.50 2.54 D3H1S06 12.18 1.89 270.02 2.50 2.70 D3H1S07 13.02 1.94 277.16 2.50 2.77 D3H1S08 13.83 2.11 301.45 2.50 3.01 D3H1S09 14.62 2.13 304.31 2.50 3.04 D3H1S10 15.39 2.24 320.02 2.50 3.20 D2H2S01 8.28 0.61 87.15 2.45 0.87 D2H2S02 9.46 1.30 185.73 2.45 1.86 D2H2S03 10.58 1.64 234.30 2.45 2.34 D2H2S04 11.63 1.83 261.45 2.45 2.61 D2H2S05 12.65 1.91 272.88 2.45 2.73 D2H2S06 13.62 1.94 277.16 2.45 2.77 D2H2S07 14.56 1.95 278.59 2.45 2.79 D2H2S08 15.47 2.17 310.02 2.45 3.10 D2H2S09 16.36 2.28 325.74 2.45 3.26 D2H2S10 17.22 2.44 348.59 2.45 3.49 D2H3S01 9.00 0.56 80.01 2.45 0.80 D2H3S02 10.29 0.71 101.44 2.45 1.01 D2H3S03 11.50 1.44 205.73 2.45 2.06 D2H3S04 12.65 1.53 218.59 2.45 2.19 D2H3S05 13.75 1.95 278.59 2.45 2.79 D2H3S06 14.81 1.99 284.30 2.45 2.84 D2H3S07 15.83 2.02 288.59 2.45 2.89 D2H3S08 16.82 2.22 317.16 2.45 3.17 D2H3S09 17.78 2.53 361.45 2.45 3.61 D2H3S10 18.72 2.67 381.45 2.45 3.81

¯

^Ï

á ÐíÎÔć ¬

Ɛ

¬

ƀ

_ƌ

ƅ (12)

ƌ

á ×íÕ×Ó _

_Ƒ

(13)

4.5 ׆୼վਐրଭण֗

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ}ၽࡽŖ᜾ᮥá☁⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍʑ᳕ᨱӹ᪉⦽ĥᮁ

ᗮŖ᜾(CDH, Neill, Isbash 0.86, Isbash 1.4, ASCE, Maynord V2.5, Maynord V3)ŝእƱ⦹ᩡ݅. ݅ෙŖ᜾ŝᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ}ၽ

ࡽŖ᜾ᨱᔍᬊ⦽ᔍᕾ᮹እᵲᮡ⪵vᦵ᮹እᵲᯙ2.75ಽaᱶ⦹ᩍ

ĥᔑ⦹ᩡ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ}ၽ⦽⫭ȡᇥᕾ᜾ᨱᥑᯙእᵲᮡ13 mm ᔍᕾᮝಽอुትಾᮝಽaᱶ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᔍᕾ᮹እᵲ2.75ᨱ

ትಾ᮹እᵲ2.45ෝӹ٥ᨕĥᔑ⦹ᩡ݅. Fig. 13ᮡ}ၽࡽ᜾ᨱ

᮹⦽⦽ĥᮁᗮᮝಽᔍᕾḢĞᮥ25 cmಽ⪶ᰆ⦹ᩍ݅ෙŖ᜾ॅŝ

እƱᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. እƱ⦽đŝIsbash Ŗ᜾᮹y' ĥᙹ0.86ჵ᭥᮹

ᮁᗮŝእ᜘⦽đŝෝӹ┡ԍᮝ໑, ݅ෙŖ᜾ॅŝእƱ⦹ᩡᮥভ

ə ჵ᭥ ᦩᨱ ⡍⧉ࡹ໑, ᨕ۱ ᱶࠥ ┡ݚᖒᯕ ᯩ݅Ł ❱݉ࡽ݅.

Table 2۵ᝅ⨹᳑Õᨱ঑ෙđŝෝӹ┡ԙäᮝಽትಾᮥอॅ

ভ ᔍᬊ⦽ ᔍᕾ᮹ Ⓧʑa ⓕᙹಾ ትಾ᮹ ⦽ĥᮁᗮᯕ ⍅Ჭᮝ໑,

⦽ĥᗭඹಆࠥ⍅ḡ۵äᮥ⪶ᯙ⧁ᙹᯩ݅. ትಾᮥᱽ᯲⧁ভᔍᬊ⦹

۵ ᔍᕾ᮹ Ⓧʑa ⓕᙹಾ ትಾ᮹ እᵲᮡ ᷾a⦹ᩍ ⦽ĥᮁᗮᯕ

⍅ḡ۵äᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅. ትಾŝᯝၹᔍᕾᮥzᮡⓍʑಽእƱ⦹໕

ትಾ᮹Ŗɚভྙᨱእᵲᯕ᯲ᦥ⦽ĥᮁᗮᮡԏᮥäᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅.

݅Ŗᖒትಾᯕ⦹⃽᮹⪙ᦩᅕ⪙ŖᮝಽᔍᬊࢁĞᬑŖɚᨱ᮹⧕

᜾ᔾ⪽₊ᮝಽ ᦩᱶᖒᮡ ޵ ᷾a⧁ äᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.

ǎԕᨱᕽ⦹⃽⪙ᦩᖅĥ⧁ভᔍᕾᨱݡ⦽⦽ĥᮁᗮၰᗭඹಆᮥ

⠪aࡹŁᯩḡอ, ݅᧲⦽⊽⪹Ğ⪙ᦩትಾᱽ⣩᮹ᙹญ✚ᖒᯕ

ᱽ᜽ࡹḡᦫᮡᔢ┽ᯕ݅. ᅙᩑǍෝ☖⦹ᩍትಾ᮹ᙹญ✚ᖒ᮹

ę⨹᜾ᮥ ᱽŖ⦹໑, ⦹⃽ ᖅĥᨱ ᮁᬊ⦹í ⪽ᬊࡹᨩᮝ໕ ⦽݅.

(9)

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽᔍᬊ⦽ᙹಽᅕ݅Ⓧíᱽ᯲⦹ᩍᗭඹಆ⊂ᱶʑʑෝ

ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⪙ᦩትಾ᮹ᗭඹಆᮥ⊂ᱶ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ໑, ᦩ࠺⦹⃽ᝅ⨹ᖝ

░ᨱᕽ ᬱ⩶ᝅ⨹ᮥ ᙹ⧪⧁ ĥ⫮ᯕ݅.

5. đು

↽ɝ⦹⃽ĥ⫮ᮥᙹพ⧉ᨱᯩᨕᕽ⊽⪹ĞᱢᯙŖჶᮥᱢᬊ⦹ʑ

᭥⦽ ᱽࠥᱢʑ✡ᯕ ษಉࡹᨩŁ ᩍ్aḡ ᝁȽ Ŗჶॅᯕĥ⫮

ၰ ᜽ŖࡹŁ ᯩḡอ ᳦⧊ᱢᯙ ᯱഭ᪡ ⇶ᱢࡽ ʑᚁ᮹ ᇡ᳒ᮝಽ

ᨕಅᬡᮥċŁᯩᮝ໑, ʑᚁᱢᯙá☁ෝÑ⊹ḡᦫŁ᜽Ŗࡽትಾ

ၰŖჶᮝಽᯙ⧕⪮ᙹಽᯙ⦽⦝⧕aኩჩ⯩ၽᔾ⦹Łᯩ݅. ᅙ

ᩑǍᨱᕽ۵Łᗮᙹಽෝ}ၽ⦹ᩍ ᝁȽྕࠦᖒ⪙ᦩŖჶᨱݡ⦽

ᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥ☖⦹ᩍ⩥ᰆ᮹ᱢᬊᖒᮥ᭥⦽⦽ĥᮁᗮᝅ⨹ᮥ⦹ᩍ

ᯕುᱢᯙ ☁ݡෝ ᱽ᜽⦹Łᯱ ⦹ᩡ݅.

(1) ↽Łᮁᗮᯕ3.5 m/sᯙŁᗮᙹಽᨱᕽ⦽ĥᮁᗮᝅ⨹ᮥ⦹ᩡᮝ ໑, ᯲ᮡᮁᗮᨱᕽ⦽ĥᮁᗮᮥ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ޹݉ᱱᮥᅕ᪥⦹ᩍ

Łᮁᗮᨱᕽ᮹ ᝅ⨹ᮥ ☖⦹ᩍ ⦽ĥᮁᗮᮥ ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅.

(2) ትಾᮥอॅভᥑᯕ۵ᔍᕾⓍʑಽᯙ⦽⦽ĥᮁᗮᮥ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ

ᮝ໑, ᔍᕾⓍʑaⓕᙹಾ⦽ĥᮁᗮᯕ⍅ḡ۵äᮥ᦭ᙹᯩᨩᮝ ໑, ትಾ᮹׳ᯕa⍅ḩᙹಾ⦽ĥᮁᗮᯕ׳ᮡäᮥ᦭ᙹᯩᨩ݅.

ḢĞᯕ⍅ḩᙹಾ⦽ĥᮁᗮᯕ⍅Ჭᮝ໑, ᔍᕾⓍʑaⓕĞᬑ

ትಾ᮹እᵲᯕⓍʑভྙᨱ⦽ĥᮁᗮᯕⓑäᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅.

(3) ⫭ȡᇥᕾᮥ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ ᝁȽ ⦽ĥᮁᗮŖ᜾ᮥ ᮁࠥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, Isbash Ŗ᜾ŝ እƱ⦹ᩡᮥ Ğᬑ ⦽ĥᮁᗮ᮹ đŝa እ᜘⦽

Ğ⨆ᮥ஥۵äᮥ᦭ᙹᯩᨩᮝ໑, ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽᙹ⧪⦽Łᗮᙹಽ

ෝ ᙹญᝅ⨹ᯕ ᝁ഑ᖒᯕ ᯩ۵ äᮥ ⪶ᯙ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᨩ݅.

(4) ᝅ⨹đŝෝ⫭ȡᇥᕾ⦹ᩍᝁȽŖ᜾ᮥᮁࠥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, Ŗ⋎Ḣ Ğᨱ঑ෙ⦽ĥᮁᗮ᮹ჵ᭥ෝᱽ᜽⦹ᩡ݅. ྕࠦᖒᗭᰍෝᯕᬊ

⦽ ⪙ᦩትಾ᮹ ᦩᱶᖒᮥ ⠪a⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ᕽ ⇵⬥ ᩑǍᨱᕽ۵

ᗭඹಆ ⊂ᱶʑʑෝ }ၽ⦹Ł, ᯕෝ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ ⦽ĥᗭඹಆᮥ

⊂ᱶ⧁ ᩩᱶᯕ݅.

qᔍ᮹ɡ

ᅙᩑǍ۵ǎ☁Ʊ☖ᇡÕᖅʑᚁ⩢ᝁᔍᨦ᮹ᩑǍእḡᬱ(12ʑᚁ

⩢ᝁC02)ᨱ ᮹⧕ ᙹ⧪ࡹᨩ᜖ܩ݅.

References

ASCE (1975). Manuals and reports on engineering practice, No.

54, Sediment Engineering, pp. 531-534.

Bogardi, I. (1968). Einige anwendungen der bodenverfestigung im

Wasserbau, Donau Europaische Konferenz (in Austria).

CDH (California Division of Highways) (1970). Bank and shore protection in california highway practice.

Choi, H. S. (2001). “Hydraulic stability analyses of embankment block.” Journal of Production Technology, Vol. 10, pp. 51-74 (in Korean).

Choi, H. S. and Lee, M. H. (2008). “Comparative analyses on hy- draulic stability formulae of riprap.” Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 149-155 (in Korean).

Choi, H. S. and Park, G. H. (2011). “Experimental formulae develop- ment of hydraulic stability for riprap.” Journal of Korean Water Resources Association, Vol. 44, No. 6. pp. 449-459 (in Korean).

Hwang, K. W., Jeon, S. J., Kang, C. H., and Son, W. S. (2008).

“Vegetation revetment techniques for applying the design impro- vement seeking to the river construction.” Magazine of Korea Water Resources Association, Vol 41, No. 9, pp. 62-69 (in Korean).

Isbash, S. V. and Khaldre, K. Y. (1970). Hydraulics of river chan- nel closure, Butterworths, London.

Isbash, S. V. (1935). Construction of dams by dumping stones into flowing water, Rep., U.S. Army Engineering District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Eastport, Maine.

Jansen, P. P., Bendegom, L. V., Berg, J. V. D., Vries, M. D., and Zanen, A. (1979). Principles of river engineering; The Non-tidal Alluvial River, Delftse Uitgevers Maatschappij, Delft.

Kim, J. H. (2006) “Hydraulic stability and vegetation rooting of revetment works.” Journal of Korean Water Resources Asso- ciation, Vol. 18, pp. 1102-1106 (in Korean).

Lee, D. H. and Tae, D. H. (2011). “Revetment blocks repair charac- teristics of the test method from Abroad.” Journal of Korean Water Resources Association, Scholarly Article, Vol. 44, No. 14, pp. 66-74 (in Korean).

Lee, J. W. (2011). A Study on the stability assessment method of block revetment, MSc Thesis, Honam University (in Korean).

Maynord, S. T. (1978). Practical riprap design miscella-neous paper H-78-7, U.S Army Engineer Water-ways Experiment Station, Vicksburg.

Maynord, S. T., Ruff, J. F., and Abt, S. R. (1989). “Riprap design.”

Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 115, No. 7, pp.

937-949.

NDMI (National Disaster Management Institute) (1999). Facility standards for creeks, Research Paper.

Neill, C. R. (1967). “Mean velocity criterion for scour of coarse uniform bed material.” 12th IAHR Congress, pp. C6.1-C6.9.

Park, G. H. (2009). Experimental formulae development about hydraulic stability for riprap, MS Thesis, SangJi University (in Korean).

Stefano, C. D., and Ferro, V. (1998). “Calculating average filling rock diameter for gabion-mattress channel design.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 124, No. 9, pp. 975-978.

USACE (1991). Hydraulic design of flood control channels,

EM1110-2-1601, Dept. of the Army, U.S. Army Corps of Engin-

eers, Washington, D.C.

무독성 호안블록의 수리학적 안정성에 관한 실험적 연구

* ( ᵝ)SBB ʑᚁᩑǍᗭ ᩑǍᬱ ([email protected])

** ᯙᱽݡ⦺Ʊ ݡ⦺ᬱ ⪹ĞŖ⦺ŝ ᕾᔍŝᱶ ([email protected])

Received January 21 2013, Revised February 15 2013, Accepted April 4 2013

Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0)

 ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹ͸ͷʹȀ ǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵Ǥ͵Ǥͻͺ͹ Ǥ ǤǤ

׌ঃ૴ ȵ֜ઽࢢ ȵ׌ઽܑ ȵࢮ୍෮

Kim, Sang Woo*, Koo, Young Min**, Kim, Young Do***, Park, Jae Hyeon****

An Experimental Study on Hydraulic Stability of Non-toxic Revetment Block

ABSTRACT

Key words : Hydraulic stability, Revetment, Non-toxic glue, Critical velocity, High speed channel

Ⅹಾ

ᅙᩑǍ᮹༊ᱢᮡǎԕ⦹⃽ᅖᬱ᮹ᯱᩑ⊽⪵ᱢᯙᖅĥෝ᭥⦽ྕࠦᖒ⪙ᦩŖჶ᮹ᙹญᱢᦩᱶᖒᮥá☁⦹۵äᯕ݅. ↽ɝॅᨕŖ⦺ᱢ⬉ᮉ᭥

ႊ, ⦹ᔢᅕ⪙, ᖙǕႊḡ॒᮹༊ᱢŝၵ݅ᨱᕽ⪙ᦩੱ۵ႊ᳑ᱽ᮹⇶᳑ᨱ঑௝⚍⦹⦹۵ᔍᕾ᮹ᦩᱶᖒᨱʑⅩෝࢵᩑǍaݡᇡᇥᯕ໑Ğ⨹᜾

ᮝಽᯕ൉ᨕᲙᯩ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵↽Łᮁᗮ3.5 m/sᯙŁᗮᙹಽෝᱽ᯲⦹ᩍᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ྕࠦᖒᱲ₊ᱽෝᯕᬊ⦽ትಾŖჶᨱ

ݡ⦽݅᧲⦽᳑Õ᮹ᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥ☖⧕ᕽᙹญᱢᦩᱶᖒᮥ᭥⦽⪙ᦩትಾ᮹⦽ĥᮁᗮᮥǍ⦹ᩡ݅.

áᔪᨕ ᙹญᱢᦩᱶᖒ, ⪙ᦩ, ྕࠦᖒᱲ₊ᱽ, ⦽ĥᮁᗮ, Łᗮᙹಽ

1. ᕽು

↽ɝॅᨕ⊹ᙹʑ܆อᮥ᭥⦽Ŗ⦺ᱢ⬉ᮉ᭥ᵝ᮹⦹⃽šญᱶ₦ᨱᕽჸᨕӹᯕᙹ, ⪹Ğ, ⊽ᙹʑ܆}ᖁᮥ⡍⧉⦽ᔾ┽⦹⃽ᮝಽ᮹

ᅖᬱᔍᨦᯕᯕ൉ᨕḡŁᯩ݅(Lee et al., 2007). ŝÑᅕ݅⦹⃽⪹Ğᮥᵲ᫵᜽⦹໕ᕽ⊽⪹Ğᱢᯙࢵ⊹᳑ᖒŝᱡᙹಽᅖᬱᯕḥ⧪ࡹŁ

ᯩᮝӹ, ⦹⃽᮹ ᱽႊᮥ ⡍⧉⦽ ⦹⃽Ğᔍ໕ ၰ ᵝ᫵ Ǎ᳑ྜྷ ᵝᄡᨱ ᩍᱥ⯩ ݅ᙹ᮹ ⎹Ⓧญ✙ ᱽ⣩ᮥ ᔍᬊ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ⎹Ⓧญ✙ ᱽ⣩ᨱ

 սėॡ

Fig. 1. Rock Size for Isbash Curve (Isbash, 1935) ᮹⦽⪙ᦩŖჶᮡ⫮ᯝ⪵ࡽ⩶┽ಽᯙ⧕⊽ᙹŖeᮝಽᕽ᮹⦹⃽Ğ

š✚ᖒᮥ᯹ၹᩢ⦹ḡ༜⦹Łᯩ݅. ᯕ᪡zᮡྙᱽᱱᮥᅕ᪥⦹ʑ

᭥⧕ᔍᕾ, ༊ᰍ, ᜾ᔾ॒᮹݅᧲⦽ᰍഭෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔾ┽⪙ᦩŖჶᮥ

}ၽ⦹ᩍ᜽Ŗ⦹Łᯩᮝӹ, ᙹญᱢᦩᱶᖒᨱݡ⧕ᱶపᱢᯙ⠪aa

ᯕ൉ᨕḡḡ༜⦹Łᯩ݅(Choi, 2001). ⪙ᦩŖჶ᮹ᱢᬊᨱݡ⦽

~šᱢᯕŁǍℕᱢᯙᖁᱶʑᵡᯕᨧᨕᖅĥᯱ᮹ᵝšᱢᯙ❱݉ᨱ

᮹⧕ŖჶᯕđᱶࡹŁᯩᮝ໑, ᗭඹಆá☁ෝ☖⧕Ŗჶᮥđᱶ⦹Ł

ᯩᮝӹᙹ∊ᇡ, እᙹ∊ᇡ॒Ǎeᄥᱢᬊႊჶ॒ᨱݡ⦽Ǎℕᱢᯙ

ᖅĥʑჶ᮹}ၽᯕၙ⯂⦽ᝅᱶᯕ݅(Hwang et al., 2008). ↽ɝᨱ

}ၽࡽ݅᧲⦽ᔾ┽ᅖᬱŖჶᮡᩍ్ᵲᗭᨦℕᨱᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ʑᚁᱢ ᯙá☁ෝÑ⊹ḡᦫŁ᧲ᔑ⦹Łᯩ۵ᝅᱶᯕᨕᕽbŖჶᨱݡ⦽

Ǎ᳑ᱢ, ᙹญᱢᯙᦩᱶᖒá☁᪡᜾ᔾ⪽₊ᖒ॒ᯕᱽݡಽ⠪aࡹŁ

ᯩḡ ᦫᮡ ᝅᱶᯕ݅(Kim, 2006).

⦹⃽ᅖᬱᨱݡ⦽šᝍᯕ⦹⃽᮹ʑ܆ᵲ⪹Ğʑ܆อᮥv᳑⦹۵

ႊ⨆ᮝಽ ᯕ൉ᨕᲙᕽ۵ ᦩ ࡹ໑, ᱥ☖ᱢᯙ ⊹ᙹᱢ ᱲɝ ႊ᜾ᨱ

ݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕ⠪aᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕᧝⦽݅(Park, 2009). ǎԕ᮹⪙ᦩ

ትಾᮡ⊹ᙹᱢၰᔾ┽ᱢᵲ᫵ᖒᨱࠥᇩǍ⦹Łݡᇡᇥ᮹ትಾᯕ

ᯕುᯕӹʑⅩᱢᯙᝅ⨹ᨱ᮹⧕}ၽࡽäᯕᦥܩŁĞ⨹ၰ༉ႊᨱ

᮹⧕}ၽࡹᨩŁᙹญᝅ⨹ᨱ᮹⧕✚ᖒᯕᱽ᜽ࡽĞᬑaᨧ݅.

⩥ᰍᝅᱽ⦹⃽ᨱᱢᬊࡽݡᇡᇥ᮹⪙ᦩትಾᨱݡ⦽ᙹญ✚ᖒᯕ

ᇩ໦⪶⦽ᔢ┽ಽᙹญᦩᱶᖒᨱݡ⧕ᕽ∊ᇥ⯩á᷾ࡹᨩ݅Łᅕʑ

ᨕಅᬕᔢ┽ᯕ໑, ↽ɝǎԕᨱᕽ݅᧲⦽⊽⪹Ğ⪙ᦩትಾᱽ⣩

ᯕ}ၽࡹᨕ⦹⃽⩥ᰆᨱᱢᬊࡹŁᯩᮝӹᙹญ✚ᖒᯕ໦⪶⦹í

ᱽ᜽ࡹḡ ᦫᮡ ᔢ┽ಽ ᜽Ŗࡹ۵ ᝅᱶᯕ݅(Lee et al., 2011).

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵Łᗮᙹಽෝ}ၽ⦹ᩍ⪙ᦩትಾᨱݡ⦽⦽ĥᮁᗮ

ᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ᔾ┽⦹⃽ྕࠦᖒ⪙ᦩትಾ᮹ᙹญᱢᦩᱶᖒ

⠪aᨱᱢᬊ⧁ᙹᯩ۵ʑ᳕᮹Ğ⨹᜾ᮥá☁⦹ᩡŁ, ᝅ⨹đŝ᮹

☖ĥᱢ ᇥᕾᮥ☖⦹ᩍ ᝅᱽ ⦹⃽ᨱᕽᱢᬊ a܆⦽ ᝁȽŖჶ᮹

ᙹญᱢ ᦩᱶᖒᨱ š⦽ Ğ⨹᜾ᮥ ᱽ᜽⦹ᩡ݅.

2. ᯕುᱢ႑Ğ

ᯝၹᱢᮝಽᙹᵲᨱᕽ᮹እᱱ₊ᖒ᯦ᯱ᮹ᯕ࠺ᮡ᯦ᯱ᮹ᵲపŝ

᯦Ğ ၰ⮱෥✚ᖒᨱ ᮹⦽ ษₑᗮࠥᨱᩢ⨆ᮥ ၼí ࡹ໑⦹ᔢ᮹

᯦ᯱaၼ۵⯹ᮡ⧎ಆ(drag force) ၰ᧲ಆ(lifting force)ŝ᯦ᯱ᮹

ᙹᵲᵲపᯕ݅. ᔍᕾ᮹ᦩᱶᨱš⦽᜾ᮡⓍí⦹⃽ᨱᕽᱽႊ, ⦹ᔢᅕ

⪙, ᖙǕႊḡ॒᮹༊ᱢŝၵ݅ᨱᕽ⪙ᦩੱ۵ႊ᳑ᱽ᮹⇶᳑ᨱ

঑௝⚍⦹⦹۵ᔍᕾ᮹ᦩᱶᖒᨱʑⅩෝࢵᩑǍaݡᇡᇥᯕ݅(Choi and Park, 2011). ᔍᕾ᮹ᦩᱶᖒᨱš⦽Ŗ᜾ᮡⓍí⦹⃽ᨱᕽ᮹

ᦩᱶᖒŝၵ݅ᨱᕽๅพḡ᳑ᖒᮥ᭥⦽↽᳦ℕᱩǍe᮹ᔍᕾ⚍⦹

ᨱ ঑ෙ ᦩᱶᖒᨱ š⦽ ᜾ᮝಽ Ǎᇥ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.

Isbash (1935) ۵Ǎ᳑ྜྷᯕᨧ۵⮱෥ᨱᔍᕾᮥਉᨕஉಅ⦹ඹಽ

ᥙಅaḡᦫ۵ᔍᕾ᮹Ⓧʑၰᵲపᮥđᱶ⦹۵Ğ⨹᜾ᮥ⠪Ɂᮁ

ᗮ }ֱᮝಽ Eq. (1)ŝ zᯕ ᱽᦩ⦹ᩡ݅.

ᩍʑᕽ, ¯

ᮡᔍᕾᮥᬡḢᯝᙹᯩࠥಾ⦹۵↽ᗭᮁᗮ(m/s),

۵ Isbash ĥᙹಽ ᳑ၡ⦹í ₥ᬭḥ ᔍᕾ᮹ Ğᬑ 1.4, ۱ᜉ⦹í

₥ᬭḥᔍᕾ᮹Ğᬑ0.7, ᔍᕾᯕי⇽ࡽĞᬑ0.86, ⮺ᨱྜ⯭Ğ ᬑ1.2ෝᔍᬊ⦽݅. Isbash Ŗ᜾ᮡ᪥ᱥ⦽⮱෥᮹Ğᬑᮁᗮᄡ⪵ᨱ

঑௝ᔍᕾ᮹Ƚ༉ෝđᱶ⦹۵᜾ᮝಽᙹᝍŝᔍᕾḢĞ᮹šĥ(y/d) a5 10᮹ჵ᭥ԕᨱᕽᮁᬊ⦹íᔍᬊࡹŁᯩ݅(Choi and Lee, 2008). Fig. 1ᮡ Isbash łᖁᮝಽ ᔍᕾⓍʑᨱ ঑ෙ ⦽ĥᮁᗮᮥ

᦭ ᙹ ᯩ݅(NRCS, 2007).

USACE (1991)ᨱᕽ۵⦹ᔢᅕ⪙Ŗᮝಽᔍᕾᮥᯕᬊ⧁Ğᬑ

Ⅹʑᨱ۵⠪┥⦽⦹ᔢᨱݡ⧕ᕽᔍᕾ᮹ᵲపŝᮁᗮᨱݡ⦽eఖ⦽

šĥ᜾ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ᯦Ğᮥđᱶ⦹۵Eq. (2)ෝ}ၽ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ₉ᬱ

⧕ᕾŝᝅ⨹ᮥ☖⦹ᩍᔩಽᬕšĥ᜾ᮝಽᰍഭ᮹ᵲపᮥŁಅ⦹ᩡ

݅(Eq. (3) ₙ᳑).

Ɠ

(2)

ņ _ Ĺ

_ Ɠ

(3)

ᩍʑᕽ, Ɠ ۵ษₑᗮࠥ(m/s), Ĺ

ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹ͸ͷʹȀǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵Ǥ͵Ǥͻͺ͹ ǤǤǤ

׌ঃ૴ȵ֜ઽࢢȵ׌ઽܑȵࢮ୍෮

Kim, Sang Woo, Koo, Young Min, Kim, Young Do, Park, Jae Hyeon****

áᔪᨕ ᙹญᱢᦩᱶᖒ, ⪙ᦩ, ྕࠦᖒᱲ₊ᱽ, ⦽ĥᮁᗮ, Łᗮᙹಽ

սėॡ

à Îß _ ƅ _ ķ ×íÐÑÔ¯

á

ć ö ¯ ß ^ć ƅƗ

ᩍʑᕽ,

۵ ᔍᕾᨱ š⦽ ᦩᱶᖒ ĥᙹಽ ᅕ☖ 0.3ᮥ ᥑ໑ (Stefano et al., 1998), _Ƃ