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工學碩士 學位論文
선박에서 예인관으로 해양에 유입된 농축 해수의 거동 해석
DIC
Behavior Analysis of DIC Concentrated Seawater Discharge Injected through Towed Pipe of Ship
指導敎授 李 重 雨
2020 年 月 2
韓國海洋大學校 大學院
土木環境工學科
宋 炫 雨
을 의 으로 함.
本 論文 宋炫雨 工學碩士 學位論文 認准
오 재 홍 ( )
委員長 工學博士 印
이 재 하 ( )
委 員 工學博士 印
이 중 우 ( )
委 員 工學博士 印
2019 年 12 月
韓國海洋大學校 大學院
Hyun-Woo Song
Table 1.1 Capture element technology based on carbon dioxide capture
Fig. 1.1 Carbon capture & storage, CCS
Table 1.2 CCS power and industry line factors
2
2 2 3 2 3
CO H OCaCO Ca HCO
2
CaO seawater Ca
Mg OH
22 3
2 2
2 CO Mg OH ( ) Mg
2 HCO
2 3
CO
2 CaO seawater Ca
HCO
Table 1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties of Bicarbonate Ions
Fig. 1.2 Schematic flow of research
Table 1.4 World's Three CCS Demonstration Projects
Fig. 2.1 Schematic of near field zone, NFR
′
′
′
VP-Expert
DATIN
User Data Input
FORTRAN
HYDRO 1,2,3
Prediction/Simulation Ambient
Discharge 1,2,3 Zones
POST-PROCESSOR
CMXGRAPH FFLOCATR
CORJET
VP-Expert
SUM
Summary Evaluation Recommendation
VP-Expert
HYDRO
Program Control
VP-Expert
CLASS
Flow Classification
VP-Expert
PARAM
Parameter Computation
Design iteration
Fig. 2.2 CORMIX system elements and processing sequence
Table 2.1 Length Scales for single port submerged discharges (Used in CORMIX1 and CORMIX2)
Scales Length Scales
Discharge geometric length scale
Jet/plume transition length scale
Jet/crossflow length scale
Plume/crossflow length scale
Puff/thermal transition length scale
Jet/stratification length scale ′
Plume/stratification length scale ′
Table 2.2 Dynamic Length Scales for multiport diffuser(CORMIX2) in the 2-dimensional slot discharge representation
Scales Length Scales
Discharge geometric scale
Slot jet/plume transition length scale
Slot jet/crossflow length scale
Slot jet/stratification length scale ′
Slot plume/stratification length scale ′
Crossflow/stratification length scale
˚
˚
(a) Definition Diagram Submerged Single Port Discharges (Special case: HA = HD)
(b) Limits of Applicability CORMIX1
Fig. 2.4 Single Port (CORMIX1) 3D view
Fig. 2.5 Multi Port (CORMIX2) 3D view
Fig. 3.1 Conversion of
into bicarbonate concentrated water and ocean emissionsFig. 3.2
absorption in the oceanTable 3.1 Summary of experiment
실 험 안 Case CS Case OS Case OM
구 분 연안 표층방류 외해 표층방류 외해 중층방류
대상해역 포항 구룡포 울릉포 부근
방류방법 도수관 파이프 형태( ) 선 박 파이프 형태( )
Fig. 3.3 Area of research (Ulleungdo's front area)
Source : Aaron Chow (2008) Fig. 3.4 Submerged discharge through towed pipe injection from ship
구 분 일반해수 (n=6)
배 5 (n=10)
배 10 (n=10)
배 50 (n=10)
배 100 (n=10)
배 150
(n=6)
DIC(mg/L) 24.94 124.8 262.8 1,107.852 2,208.9 3,856.74 Table 3.2 DIC concentration according to the concentration of bicarbonateconcentrated water
일반해수 (n=6)
배 5 (n=10)
배 10 (n=10)
배 50 (n=10)
배 100 (n=10)
배 150
(n=6)
pH 8.04
(±0.12)
8.14 (±0.10)
8.04 (±0.14)
8.06 (±0.10)
7.90 (±0.14)
7.59 (±0.18) Mg2+
(mM)
37.34 (±7.46)
47.26 (±13.00)
50.59 (±12.00)
69.16 (±7.19)
86.76 (±9.68)
118.03 (±21.45) DIC
mM)
2.08 (±0.13)
10.40 (±2.32)
21.90 (±2.73)
92.32 (±11.31)
184.08 (±8.06)
321.40 (±36.80) HCO3-
(mM)
1.88 (±0.11)
9.25 (±2.11)
19.80 (±2.26)
83.35 (±10.89)
170.37 (±9.32)
304.23 (±36.87) Table 3.3 PH, DIC, Mg2 +, HCO3- Concentration according to concentration of
bicarbonate concentrated water
구 분 5 배 10 배 50 배 100 배 150 배
연안 표층 CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 CS-5
외해 표층 OS-1 OS-2 OS-3 OS-4 OS-5
외해 중층
(300 m) OM-1 OM-2 OM-3 OM-4 OM-5
Table 3.2 Exposure scenarios for different concentrations and discharge points of highly concentrated bicarbonate seawater
구 분 5 배
(n=10) 10 배
(n=10) 50 배
(n=10) 100 배
(n=10) 150 배 (n=6)
변화율일평균
(5 ) 9.7% 7.4% 9.1% 11.7% 11.7%
Table 3.3 Changes in DIC concentration of bicarbonate seawater with time
Table 3.4 Measurement of DIC concentration in bicarbonate seawater over time
시간 day=0 day=1 day=2 day=3 day=4
농도
DIC mg/L mM mg/L mM mg/L mM mg/L mM mg/L mM
인공해수 22.57 1.88 20.18 1.68 21.16 1.76 22.14 1.85 24.26 2.02
SAMPLE
Stock 2546.50 212.21 2659.00 221.58 2089.00 174.08 1944.50 162.04 1915.50 159.63 1 1336.00 111.33 1195.00 99.58 1184.00 98.67 979.80 81.65 793.40 66.12 2 681.70 56.81 567.10 47.26 526.30 43.86 489.90 40.83 474.90 39.58 3 325.90 27.16 278.50 23.21 231.10 19.26 208.50 17.38 201.00 16.75 4 176.60 14.72 136.10 11.34 112.30 9.36 87.16 7.26 79.12 6.59 5 98.98 8.25 82.68 6.89 66.37 5.53 49.91 4.16 43.99 3.67 6 59.63 4.97 52.18 4.35 54.63 4.55 42.21 3.52 38.69 3.22 7 40.00 3.33 41.56 3.46 40.82 3.40 40.44 3.37 36.95 3.08 8 30.31 2.53 29.09 2.42 31.19 2.60 31.21 2.60 30.94 2.58 9 25.64 2.14 23.14 1.93 26.38 2.20 26.42 2.20 26.77 2.23
시간 day=5 day=6 day=7 day=8 day=9
농도
DIC mg/L mM mg/L mM mg/L mM mg/L mM mg/L mM
인공해수 22.63 1.89 25.27 2.11 23.83 1.99 24.18 2.02 24.72 2.06
SAMPLE
Stock 1531.50 127.63 1590.00 132.50 1363.00 113.58 1295.50 107.96 1203.00 100.25 1 672.40 56.03 607.60 50.63 536.40 44.70 494.40 41.20 463.20 38.60 2 459.90 38.33 464.20 38.68 456.40 38.03 450.90 37.58 449.50 37.46 3 193.50 16.13 196.00 16.33 192.20 16.02 194.50 16.21 193.90 16.16 4 71.07 5.92 69.92 5.83 66.88 5.57 66.41 5.53 64.80 5.40 5 38.07 3.17 37.49 3.12 34.92 2.91 33.95 2.83 32.10 2.68 6 35.17 2.93 34.16 2.85 30.51 2.54 29.75 2.48 28.20 2.35 7 33.46 2.79 32.86 2.74 32.24 2.69 31.35 2.61 29.92 2.49 8 30.67 2.56 33.22 2.77 32.19 2.68 32.63 2.72 32.04 2.67
Table 3.5 Current status of power plants and hot water drainage in Korea
항목 일반해수 실측 ( )
중탄산이온해수 실측 ( )
동해 참고문헌( ) 표층 300m
pH 8.07 7.81 7.9-8.0 7.5-7.6
온 도( )℃ 20.5 22.8 18-23 1-5
염 분(psu) 30.8 33.3 31.4-33.3 33.9-34.1 밀 도 1.0244g/mL 1.0372g/mL 1021.26kg/m3 1027.25
kg/m3
농 도
TA 총알칼리도
( )
mM 80.60 352.80
- mg/L 108.50 17948.00
DIC 용존무기탄소
( )
mM 2.08 282.00
mg/L 24.94 17202.00
HCO3- mM 1.88 272.13
mg/L 114.80 16600.00
Mg mM 33.79 158.75
mg/L 811.00 3810.00
Ca mM 6.41 1.04
mg/L 257.00 41.80
Na mM 303.04 286.52
mg/L 6970.00 6590.00
Sr mM 0.072 0.003
mg/L 6.27 0.29
CO32- mM 0.033 0.97
mg/L 1.99 58.20
OH- mM 0.006 0.002
mg/L 0.10 0.03
Cl- mM 397.74 378.00
mg/L 14100.00 13400.00
Table 3.6 Comparative analysis of East sea (Ref.), general sea and bicarbonate sea water
Fig. 3.6 Winter surface mean flow velocity and SST distribution
Fig. 3.7 Summer surface mean flow velocity and SST distribution
Table 3.7 Experimental condition of coastal surface discharge (sunnmer)
Experimental plan CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 CS-5
Season SUMMER
중탄산염 농축수
농도 DIC
5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
소멸계수(%/5d) 9.70 7.40 9.10 11.70 11.70
방류속도 1안 0.50(m/s)
안
2 1.00(m/s)
방류밀도 1037.20kg/m3
주변수
평균수심 10.0m
평균풍속 2.50(m/s)
평균유속 0.20(m/s)
Surface 1022.65kg/m3
Bottom 1022.65kg/m3
Table 3.8 Experimental condition of coastal surface discharge (winter)
Experimental plan CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 CS-5
Season WINTER
중탄산염 농축수
농도 DIC
5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
소멸계수(%/5d) 9.70 7.40 9.10 11.70 11.70
방류속도 1안 0.50(m/s)
안
2 1.00(m/s)
방류밀도 1037.20kg/m3
주변수
평균수심 10.0m
평균풍속 2.50(m/s)
평균유속 0.15(m/s)
Surface 1022.52kg/m3
Bottom 1022.52kg/m3
Table 3.9 Experimental condition of offshore surface discharge (summer)
Experimental plan OS-1 OS-2 OS-3 OS-4 OS-5
Season SUMMER
중탄산염 농축수
농도 DIC
5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
소멸계수(%/5d) 9.70 7.40 9.10 11.70 11.70
방류속 도
안
1 0.50(m/s)
안
2 1.00(m/s)
방류밀도 1037.20kg/m3
주변수
평균수심 1,000.0m
평균풍속 2.50(m/s)
평균유속 0.20(m/s)
Surface 1022.65kg/m3
Bottom 1026.96kg/m3
Table 3.10 Experimental condition of offshore surface discharge (winter)
Experimental plan
OS-1 OS-2 OS-3 OS-4 OS-5Season WINTER
중탄산염 농축수
농도 DIC
5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
소멸계수(%/5d) 9.70 7.40 9.10 11.70 11.70 방류속
도
안
1 0.50(m/s)
안
2 1.00(m/s)
방류밀도 1037.20kg/m3
주변수
평균수심 1,000.0m
평균풍속 2.50(m/s)
평균유속 0.15(m/s)
Surface 1022.52kg/m3
Bottom 1027.16kg/m3
Table 3.11 Experimental condition of offshore submerged discharge (summer)
Experimental plan OM-1 OM-2 OM-3 OM-4 OM-5
Season SUMMER
중탄산염 농축수
농도 DIC
5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
소멸계수(%/5d) 9.70 7.40 9.10 11.70 11.70
방류속 도
안
1 0.50(m/s)
안
2 1.00(m/s)
방류밀도 1037.20kg/m3
주변수
평균수심 1,000.0m
평균풍속 2.50(m/s)
평균유속 0.20(m/s)
Surface 1022.65kg/m3
Bottom 1026.96kg/m3
Table 3.12 Experimental condition of offshore submerged discharge (winter)
Experimental plan OM-1 OM-2 OM-3 OM-4 OM-5
Season WINTER
중탄산염 농축수
농도 DIC
5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
소멸계수(%/5d) 9.70 7.40 9.10 11.70 11.70
방류속 도
안
1 0.50(m/s)
안
2 1.00(m/s)
방류밀도 1037.20kg/m3
주변수
평균수심 1,000.0m
평균풍속 2.50(m/s)
평균유속 0.15(m/s)
Fig. 4.1 Coastal surface discharge form
실 험 안 Case CS1-5
Case CS1-10
Case CS1-50
Case CS1-100
Case CS1-150
방류속도 0.5m/s
농도
DIC 5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
Table 4.1 Experimental summary of coastal surface discharge in summer (Discharge speed 0.5m/s)
Fig. 4.2 X-Y axis side view for excess concentration of case CS1-5
Fig. 4.4 Y-Z axis side view for excess concentration of case CS1-5
Fig. 4.5 Concentration excess and dilution
Fig. 4.6 Concentration excess isolines of case CS1-5
실 험 안 Case
CS2-5 Case
CS2-10 Case
CS2-50 Case
CS2-100 Case CS2-150
방류속도 1.0m/s
농도
DIC 5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
Table 4.2 Experimental summary of coastal surface discharge in summer (Discharge speed 1.0m/s)
Fig. 4.7 X-Y axis side view for excess concentration of case CS2-5
Fig. 4.9 Y-Z axis side view for excess concentration of case CS2-5
Fig. 4.10 Concentration excess and dilution
Fig. 4.11 Concentration excess isolines of case CS2-5
실 험 안 Case
CW1-5 Case
CW1-10 Case
CW1-50 Case
CW1-100 Case CW1-150
방류속도 0.5m/s
농도
DIC 5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
Table 4.3 Experimental summary of coastal surface discharge in winter (Discharge speed 0.5m/s)
Fig. 4.12 X-Y axis side view for excess concentration of case CW1-5
Fig. 4.14 Y-Z axis side view for excess concentration of case CW1-5
Fig. 4.15 Concentration excess and dilution
Fig. 4.16 Concentration excess isolines of case CS1-5
실 험 안 Case CW2-5
Case CW2-10
Case CW2-50
Case CW2-100
Case CW2-150
방류속도 1.0m/s
농도
DIC 5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
Table 4.4 Experimental summary of coastal surface discharge in winter (Discharge speed 1.0m/s)
Fig. 4.17 X-Y axis side view for excess concentration of case CW2-5
Fig. 4.19 Y-Z axis side view for excess concentration of case CW2-5
Fig. 4.20 Concentration excess and dilution
Fig. 4.21 Concentration excess isolines of case CW2-5
Table 4.5 Spreading time(sec) of concentration to protect marine organism (Summer)
44.4mg/L 221.9mg/L
CS1-5 <15.2923 <15.2923
CS2-5 <10.261 <10.261
CS1-10 <15.2923 <15.2923
CS2-10 <10.261 <10.261
CS1-50 22.1085 <15.2923
CS2-50 1121.65 <10.261
CS1-100 1019.1085 <15.2923
CS2-100 2296.6499 <10.261
CS1-150 1869.1084 <15.2923
CS2-150 3246.6501 446.65
Table 4.6 Spreading time(sec) of concentration to protect marine organism (Winter)
44.4mg/L 221.9mg/L
CW1-5 <13.8942 <13.8942
CW2-5 <34.6301 <34.6301
CW1-10 <13.8942 <13.8942
CW2-10 <34.6301 <34.6301
CW1-50 478.2483 <13.8942
CW2-50 2063.8928 <34.6301
CW1-100 2194.9148 <13.8942
CW2-100 3997.2251 63.892
CW1-150 3428.2483 31.5817
Fig. 4.22 Offshore surface discharge form
실 험 안 Case
OSS1-5 Case
OSS1-10 Case
OSS1-50 Case
OSS1-100 Case OSS1-150
방류속도 0.5m/s
농도
DIC 5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
Table 4.7 Experimental summary of offshore surface discharge in summer (Discharge speed 0.5m/s)
Fig. 4.23 X-Y axis side view for excess concentration of case OSS1-5
Fig. 4.25 Y-Z axis side view for excess concentration of case OSS1-5
Fig. 4.26 Concentration excess and dilution
Fig. 4.27 Concentration excess isolines of case OSS1-5
실 험 안 Case
OSS2-5 Case
OSS2-10 Case
OSS2-50 Case
OSS2-100 Case OSS2-150
방류속도 1.0m/s
농도
DIC 5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
Table 4.8 Experimental summary of offshore surface discharge in summer (Discharge speed 1.0m/s)
Fig. 4.28 X-Y axis side view for excess concentration of case OSS2-5
Fig. 4.30 Y-Z axis side view for excess concentration of case OSS2-5
Fig. 4.31 Concentration excess and dilution
Fig. 4.32 Concentration excess isolines of case OSS2-5
실 험 안 Case
OSW1-5 Case
OSW1-10 Case
OSW1-50 Case
OSW1-100 Case OSW1-150
방류속도 0.5m/s
농도
DIC 5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
Table 4.9 Experimental summary of offshore surface discharge in winter (Discharge speed 0.5m/s)
Fig. 4.33 X-Y axis side view for excess concentration of case OSW1-5
Fig. 4.35 Y-Z axis side view for excess concentration of case OSW1-5
Fig. 4.36 Concentration excess and dilution
Fig. 4.37 Concentration excess isolines of case OSW1-5
실 험 안 Case
OSW2-5 Case
OSW2-10 Case
OSW2-50 Case
OSW2-100 Case OSW2-150
방류속도 1.0m/s
농도
DIC 5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
Table 4.10 Experimental summary of offshore surface discharge in winter (Discharge speed 1.0m/s)
Fig. 4.38 X-Y axis side view for excess concentration of case OSW2-5
Fig. 4.40 Y-Z axis side view for excess concentration of case OSW2-5
Fig. 4.41 Concentration excess and dilution
Fig. 4.42 Concentration excess isolines of case OSW2-5
Table 4.11 Spreading time(sec) to concentration to protect marine organism (Summer)
44.4mg/L 221.9mg/L
OSS1-5 <301.674 <301.674
OSS2-5 <298.1086 <298.1086
OSS1-10 <301.674 <301.674
OSS2-10 <298.1086 <298.1086
OSS1-50 <301.674 <301.674
OSS2-50 <298.1086 <298.1086
OSS1-100 <301.674 <301.674
OSS2-100 <298.1086 <298.1086
OSS1-150 <301.674 <301.674
OSS2-150 <298.1086 <298.1086
Table 4.12 Spreading time(sec) to concentration to protect marine organism (Winter)
44.4mg/L 221.9mg/L
OSW1-5 <513.0289 <513.0289
OSW2-5 <508.4614 <508.4614
OSW1-10 <513.0289 <513.0289
OSW2-10 <508.4614 <508.4614
OSW1-50 <513.0289 <513.0289
OSW2-50 <508.4614 <508.4614
OSW1-100 <513.0289 <513.0289
OSW2-100 <508.4614 <508.4614
OSW1-150 <513.0289 <513.0289
Fig. 4.43 Offshore middle discharge form
실 험 안 Case
OMS1-5 Case
OMS1-10 Case
OMS1-50 Case
OMS1-100 Case OMS1-150
방류속도 0.5m/s
농도
DIC 5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
Table 4.13 Experimental summary of offshore middle discharge in summer (Discharge speed 0.5m/s)
Fig. 4.44 X-Y axis side view for excess concentration of case OMS1-5
Fig. 4.46 Y-Z axis side view for excess concentration of case OMS1-5
Fig. 4.47 Concentration excess and dilution
Fig. 4.48 Concentration excess isolines of case OMS1-5
실 험 안 Case
OMS2-5 Case
OMS2-10 Case
OMS2-50 Case
OMS2-100 Case OMS2-150
방류속도 1.0m/s
농도
DIC 5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
Table 4.14 Experimental summary of offshore middle discharge in summer (Discharge speed 1.0m/s)
Fig. 4.49 X-Y axis side view for excess concentration of case OMS2-5
Fig. 4.51 Y-Z axis side view for excess concentration of case OMS2-5
Fig. 4.52 Concentration excess and dilution
Fig. 4.53 Concentration excess isolines of case OMS2-5
실 험 안 Case
OMW1-5 Case
OMW1-10 Case
OMW1-50 Case
OMW1-100 Case OMW1-150
방류속도 0.5m/s
농도
DIC 5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
Table 4.15 Experimental summary of offshore middle discharge in winter (Discharge speed 0.5m/s)
Fig. 4.54 X-Y axis side view for excess concentration of case OMW1-5
Fig. 4.56 Y-Z axis side view for excess concentration of case OMW1-5
Fig. 4.57 Concentration excess and dilution
Fig. 4.58 Concentration excess isolines of case OMW1-5
실 험 안 Case
OMW2-5 Case
OMW2-10 Case
OMW2-50 Case
OMW2-100 Case OMW2-150
방류속도 1.0m/s
농도
DIC 5배 10배 50배 100배 150배
Table 4.16 Experimental summary of offshore middle discharge in winter (Discharge speed 1.0m/s)
Fig. 4.59 X-Y axis side view for excess concentration of case OMW2-5
Fig. 4.61 Y-Z axis side view for excess concentration of case OMW2-5
Fig. 4.62 Concentration excess and dilution
Fig. 4.63 Concentration excess isolines of case OMW2-5
Table 4.17 Spreading time(sec) to concentration to protect marine organism (Summer)
44.4mg/L 221.9mg/L
OMS1-5 <336.3368 <336.3368
OMS2-5 <327.7042 <327.7042
OMS1-10 <336.3368 <336.3368
OMS2-10 <327.7042 <327.7042
OMS1-50 <336.3368 <336.3368
OMS2-50 <327.7042 <327.7042
OMS1-100 <336.3368 <336.3368
OMS2-100 <327.7042 <327.7042
OMS1-150 <336.3368 <336.3368
OMS2-150 <327.7042 <327.7042
Table 4.18 Spreading time(sec) to concentration to protect marine organism (Winter)
44.4mg/L 221.9mg/L
OMW1-5 <314.4156 <314.4156
OMW2-5 <535.6547 <535.6547
OMW1-10 <314.4156 <314.4156
OMW2-10 <535.6547 <535.6547
OMW1-50 <314.4156 <314.4156
OMW2-50 <535.6547 <535.6547
OMW1-100 <314.4156 <314.4156
OMW2-100 <535.6547 <535.6547
OMW1-150 <314.4156 <314.4156
Fig. 4.64 PNEC, The predicted no effect concentration limit in summer
