Received December 18 2012, Revised March 12 2013, Accepted June 4 2013
Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0)
ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹͷʹȀ ǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵ǤͶǤͳ͵ͻ
Ǥ ǤǤ
ᦂḚ㦪ⵣⵎ♮ኾὪἺ#Ⳃ㬚#㬚ጫ㯓#⚛⬞⺺Ꮾ␂Ⱨ#㯓#ᇚ⇚
۩জ ȵܑࡣਐ
Daeseok HAN*, Myungsik DO**
Development of Korean Life Cycle Cost Analysis Model for Road Pavement Asset Management
ABSTRACT
Road pavement management is an important activity that affects to national economy, movement and safety of people, and also demands huge amount of budget. Therefore, its management strategy must be established under objective information. In addition, decision support system that produces the management strategy needs to consider practical benefits from various aspects. Considering these aspects, this paper aimed to develop a customized Korean life cycle cost analysis model estimating various effects on road users and socio-environmental costs based on pavement condition. The suggested LCCA model focused on Korean national highway, and tried to adopt a national guideline recommended by Korean government for securing credibility of estimation results. In the development processes, some of the suggestions that do not fit well in the situations of pavement management field were added, altered, or partially modified. These attempts to develop customized asset management system would be an important step to break away from passive attitudes relying on ready-made software, but also to improve awareness about the social benefits from the better maintenance strategy.
Key words : Road asset management, Life cycle cost, Road users cost, Korean national highway
Ⅹಾ
ࠥಽšญ۵ࠥಽ᮹Õᖅŝ࠺ᨱၹᩢǍᱢᮝಽḡᗮ⦹ᩍ⦹۵⧪᭥ಽ៉, สݡ⦽ᩩᔑᯕᗭࢉᮡྜྷುǎaĞᱽၰǎၝ᮹ᯕ࠺ŝᦩᱥᨱ
ᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵ᵲ⦽ᗭᯕ݅. ᯕ᪡šಉࡽᱥఖᮡݚᩑ⯩~šᱢᯙᱶᅕ⦹ᨱᙹพࡹᨕ⦹໑, əෝघၼ⋉⦹۵᮹ᔍđᱶᜅ▽ᮡࠥಽ⚍
ᯱ⬉ŝᨱݡ⦽ᔍ⫭ᱢ⠙ᯖᮥᅕ݅⩥ᝅᱢᯕŁ݅᧲⦽⊂໕ᨱᕽŁಅ⦹ᩍ}ၽࢁ⦥aᯩ݅. ᯕᨱᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵šญᯱእᬊᮡྜྷುࠥಽ⡍ᰆ ᔢ┽ෝ⧉ᙹಽ⦹ᩍࠥಽᯕᬊᯱၰᔍ⫭⪹Ğእᬊᮥᩩ⊂⧁ᙹᯩ۵⦽ǎ⩶ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊ༉⩶ᮥ}ၽ⦹Łᯱ⦹ᩡ݅. ᱽࡽ༉⩶ᮡᬑญӹǎ
ࠥᝅᱶᨱ฿⇵ᨕ}ၽࡹᨩᮝ໑, đŝ᮹Ŗᝁಆᮥ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᱶᇡ(ǎ☁Ʊ☖ᇡ)aᱽ⦹۵⚍ᯱ⠪aḡ⋉ᮥa܆⦽ₙ᳑⦹ࡹ⡍ᰆšญᇥ
᮹ᝅᱶᨱ฿ḡᦫÑӹ}ᖁ᮹ᩍḡaᯩ۵ᔍ⧎ॅᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵⇵a, ݡℕ, ᇡᇥᙹᱶᮥ☖⧕}ၽࡹᨩ݅. ᯕ్⦽ᯱʑ⪵ࡽᜅ▽ᮥ}ၽ⦹Łᯱ
⦹۵ࠥ۵əeᔢᬊ⪵ࡽᇥᕾ⥥ಽəఉᨱ᮹᳕⦹ᗭɚᱢࠥಽᯱᔑšญෝ┩⦝⧉ᮡྜྷು, ࠥಽšญಽᯙ⦽ᔍ⫭ᱢ⠙ᯖᨱݡ⦽ᯙ}ᖁᨱ
ᵲ⦽ℌÙᮭᯕࢁäᯕ݅.
áᔪᨕ ࠥಽᯱᔑšญ, ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊ, ࠥಽᯕᬊᯱእᬊ, ⦽ǎǎࠥ
1. ᕽು
1966 ֥de Weillea₉పᬕ⧪እᬊ(Vehicle Operating Cost; VOC)ᨱݡ⦽ᱲɝᮥࠥ⦽ᯕ௹, ₉పᮝಽᯙ⧕ၽᔾ⦹۵݅᧲⦽
ʪͿėॡ
ᩢ⨆ॅᮥĥప⪵⦹Łᯱ⦹۵יಆᮡ⩥ᰍʭḡࠥЙᵡ⯩ᯕᨕḡŁ
ᯩ݅(de Weille, 1966; AASHTO, 1978; Bennett, 1989; MLTM, 2011; Chatti et al., 2012). ᯕ్⦽ᩑǍॅݡᇡᇥᮡࠥಽ⪶∊ᯕӹ
ᬑ⫭ࠥಽᝁᖅ, ITS(Intelligent Transport Systems)᮹❭ɪ⬉ŝ
॒Ʊ☖šಉ⚍ᯱᔍᨦ᮹┡ݚᖒᮥᇥᕾ⦹۵ߑⅩᱱᮥࢱŁḥ⧪ࡹ
ᨕ᪵ᮝӹ, ↽ɝᨱ۵ࠥಽšญᱥఖᨱݡ⦽⠪aᨱࠥᵝ⦽⧎༊ᮝ ಽ ᩍĉḡŁ ᯩ݅(FHWA, 1998; Bennett et al., 2000; Han, 2011; Han et al., 2007). ࠥಽᯱᔑšญᇥᨱᕽ᮹Ğᱽᖒ⠪aa
Ʊ☖ĥ⫮ᇥ᪡݅ෙᱱᮡᔩಽᬕᔍ⫭eᱲᯱᅙᖅ᮹Õᖅᯕᦥ ܭᯕၙÕᖅࡽᖅྜྷᨱݡ⦽ᮁḡᅕᙹᱥఖᮥݡᔢᮝಽ⦽݅۵
ᱱŝᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᯕ⡍ᰆᔢ┽ෝ⧉ᙹಽ⦹ᩍࠥ⇽ࡹᨕ⦽݅۵
ᱱᯕ݅. ə్ӹǎaašญ⦹۵ݡȽ༉ᔍ⫭eᱲᯱᅙᖅᮥݡᔢ ᮝಽ⦽݅۵ᱱŝᮁḡšญ⧪᭥ಽᯙ⦽ᔍ⫭ᱢ⠙ᯖᨱݡ⦽ᯙ
ᇡ᳒, əญŁᩑǍၰᯱഭᙹḲᨱสݡ⦽eŝᯱᅙᯕ⦥⦹݅۵
ᱱॅᮡࠥಽᯱᔑšญᇥᨱݡ⦽⪽ၽ⦽ᩑǍෝႊ⧕⧕᪵݅. ə
ᯕᮁಽฯᮡӹᨱᕽᮁḡᅕᙹእᬊᨱอšᝍᮥࢱ۵šญᯱḡ⨆
⩶⡍ᰆšญᜅ▽ᮥᬕᩢ⦹Łᯩ݅. ə్ӹ↽ɝᨱթḡၰ⪹Ğ (ḡǍ᪉ӽ⪵), ᯙe᮹ea⊹᪡ᦩᱥᨱݡ⦽šᝍᯕ׳ᦥḡ໕ᕽ
ᖙĥᮡ⧪(World Bank)ᯕӹ TRB(Transportation Research Board), ၙᩑႊࠥಽǎ(FHWA; Federal Highway Association)॒
ᖁḥǎ᮹Ʊ☖šಉᩑǍʑšᯕӹǎᱽʑǍ॒ᮥᵲᝍᮝಽࠥಽᮁ
ḡšญᱥఖᨱෙࠥಽᯕᬊᯱၰᔍ⫭⪹Ğእᬊᄡ⪵ᨱݡ⦽ᱲɝ ᯕࠥࡹŁᯩ݅(PIARC, 2000; Chatti et al., 2012; FHWA, 1998). ᯕ్⦽ ᯕᬊᯱ ḡ⨆⩶ ᯱᔑšญ༉⩶ᮡ ࠥಽ ᯕᬊᯱ ၰ
ᔍ⫭⪹Ğእᬊᨱݡ⦽ĥప⪵ෝ☖⧕ࠥಽšญ᮹ᵲᖒᮥݡᵲᨱ
ᯙ┕ᮡྜྷುᔍ⫭ᱢᗱᝅᮥ↽ᗭ⪵⦹Ł⦽ᱶࡽᩩᔑ᮹እᬊ-⬉
ᮉᖒᮥ᷾ḥ⦹۵ߑᨱࠥ⧖ᝍᱢࠥǍಽ⪽ᬊࢁᙹᯩ݅. ə్ӹ
ʑ᳕ᨱ}ၽࡽᇥᕾ༉⩶ॅᮡᅕ☖əȽ༉aๅᬑⓍŁᅖᰂ⦹໑,
Ǎ⦹۵ᯱഭ᪡ᱶᅕaŝ݅⦹ᩍ⪽ᬊᯕᛞḡᦫ݅. ੱ⦽, ᖙᇡ༉⩶
ᯕ✚ᱶǎa᮹ᯕḩᱢᯙ ⪹Ğ⦹ᨱᕽᨕḥᯱഭॅᮥʑၹᮝಽ
}ၽࡹ۵Ğᬑaฯᦥ༉⩶᮹ᯕᱥᖒᨱࠥฯᮡྙᱽaᯩ݅. ᷪ, ᯕၙ}ၽ⧕״ᮡ༉⩶᮹⪽ᬊ᳑₉ᛞḡᦫŁ, ࠥ⇽ࡽđŝ᮹ᝁࠥ
ࠥ᮹ᝍၼᮥᙹၷᨱᨧ݅. ᯕ౨íࡹ໕, ࠥಽšญᯱ᮹ᱶᅕᙹ᪡
ᜅ▽ᬕᩢ܆ಆᨱᇡ⧊⦹۵ᯱʑ⪵(customized) ࡽᜅ▽ᮥḢ ᱲ}ၽ⧕⦽݅۵đುᨱࠥݍ⦽݅. ə్ӹᯕ్⦽ᯱʑ⪵ࡽ
ᜅ▽᮹}ၽࠥᇥᕾ⧎༊ၰᇥᕾʑჶ᮹݅᧲ᖒ, Ųჵ᭥⦽ᩑšᇥ
, ᱶᖒᱢᗭ, ᱥఖᱢᮝಽ٥ᱢࡹᨕᦫᮡᯱഭ, ʑၹᩑǍ᮹ᇡᰍ
॒ᮝಽ ᛞí ࠥࡹʑ ᨕಅᬕ ᝅᱶᯕ݅.
⦽⠙, ǎ☁⧕᧲ᇡ۵Ʊ☖ᖅ⚍ᯱᨱݡ⦽ᔍᱥ-ᔍ⬥┡ݚᖒ⠪a ᨱ⪽ᬊ⧁ᙹᯩࠥಾ“Ʊ☖ᖅ⚍ᯱ⠪aḡ⋉(ᯕ⦹“ǎ☁⧕᧲ᇡ
ḡ⋉ᕽ”)ᮥ}ၽ⦹ᩍbᇥᄥಽ݅᧲⦽Ğᱽᖒ⠪a⧎༊ŝእᬊ ᔑᱶႊᦩᮥᱽ⦹Łᯩ݅(MLTM, 2011). ə్ӹᯕḡ⋉ᕽ۵
Ʊ☖ᇥ᮹šᱱᨱᕽ}ၽࡹᨩʑভྙᨱࠥಽᯱᔑšญᨱᇡ⧊⦹۵
ḡ⋉ᮥᱽ⦹Łᯩḡ۵ᦫ݅. ᯕᨱᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ḡ⋉ᕽ᮹እᬊ⠪
aႊᦩᵲᯝᇡෝࠥಽᯱᔑšญ}ֱᨱᱲ༊⧕⦽ǎ⩶ᔾᧁᵝʑእ ᬊᇥᕾ༉⩶}ၽᨱ⪽ᬊ⦹Łᯱ⦹ᩡ݅. ᇥᕾ༉⩶ᮡ⦽ǎǎࠥ᮹
ᝅᱶ(ᯱഭ⪶ᅕᔢ⫊, ᮁḡᅕᙹ⩥⫊॒)ᮥ↽ݡ⦽Łಅ⧉ᮡྜྷು,
ࠥಽšญᯱaᛞíᯕ⧕ၰ⪽ᬊ⧁ᙹᯩࠥಾ༉⩶᮹ᯝၹ⪵/eᗭ⪵
ᨱᵝᦩᱱᮥࢱᨩ݅. ੱ⦽, ᩩ⊂đŝ᮹Ŗᝁಆ⪶ᅕෝ᭥⧕a܆⦽
ḡ⋉ᕽ᮹༉⩶ᮥ∊ᝅ⯩Ǎ⩥⦹ࡹ⡍ᰆšญ⩥ᝅᨱᇡ⧊⦹ḡᦫ۵
ᔍ⧎ᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵ᰍᱶ᮹, ᙹᱶ, ⇵a॒᮹᯲ᨦᮥ☖⧕ᇥᕾ༉⩶᮹
✡ŝ ᖙᇡᔍ⧎ᮥ đᱶ⦹ᩡ݅.
ᅙםྙᨱᕽᱽ⦹۵ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᇥᕾ༉⩶ᮡᵲᰆʑ⠪a༉
⩶ᵲ⦹ӹಽ, ᮁḡᅕᙹᱥఖᨱෙօ✙ᬭⓍᙹᵡᨱᕽ᮹Ŗᬊᖒŝ
Ğᱽᖒᮥ⠪a⧁ᙹᯩࠥಾ༉⩶⪵ࡹᨩ݅. ᯕ۵ࠥಽᯱᔑšญෝ
᭥⦽ᇥᕾ༉⩶ᵲaᰆᯝၹᱢᯙ⩶┽ಽ⨆⬥ᅕ݅Ǎℕᱢᯕ໕ᕽࠥ
฿∅⩶ᱶᅕෝࠥ⇽⦹ʑ᭥⦽ᯱʑ⪵ᜅ▽}ၽᨱᵲ⦽ʑၹᩑ Ǎಽ⪽ᬊࢁᙹᯩᮥäᯕ݅. ӹᦥa, ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽᱽ⦹۵ᯱᔑš ญ}ֱᨱ᯦b⦽ᇥᕾŝᱶᮡࠥಽ⡍ᰆᨱࠥ❭ᗱၰᮁḡᅕᙹŝ ᱶᮥၹᅖ⦹۵݅ෙᔍ⫭eᱲᯱᅙᖅᨱࠥₙ᳑a܆⦽ᔍ⧎ᯕအ ಽə⪽ᬊᖒᯕ׳݅Ł⦹ā݅. ⦽⠙, ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᇥᕾᮥ᭥⧕
}ၽࡽ݅᧲⦽ᖙᇡ༉⩶ŝ᮹ᔍđᱶŝᱶᮥ⦽⠙᮹םྙᨱᕽᝍࠥ
ᯩí݅ʑᨱ۵⦽ĥaᯩ݅. ᯕᨱᅙםྙᨱᕽ۵}ၽᱥఖ, ᇥᕾ᮹
✡, əญŁ⪽ᬊᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽʑᚁ⦹ʑಽ⦹໑ᖙᇡ༉⩶ᨱݡ⦽
Ǎℕᱢ ԕᬊᮡ ⨆⬥ םྙᨱᕽ ݅ʑಽ ⦽݅.
2. ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᇥᕾ༉⩶᮹}ၽႊᦩ
2.1 ࡦ෴Թࢳଭ׆࣭ୢ߃
ᅙםྙᨱᕽ۵ࠥಽ⡍ᰆšญᇥෝ᭥⦽ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᇥᕾ༉
⩶}ၽ᮹⧖ᝍᮥ1) ĥప⪵⧎༊᮹đᱶ, 2) ⡍ᰆšญෝ༊ᱢᮝಽ
⦹۵(ᷪ, ⡍ᰆᔢ┽ෝ⧉ᙹಽ⦹۵) ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊ༉⩶᮹✡ᱽ, 3) ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊၰᖙᇡ༉⩶᮹ᯝၹ⪵᪡eᗭ⪵ෝ☖⦽⪽ᬊ᮹
ᬊᯕᖒ ⪶ᅕ, 4) ࠥ⇽đŝ᮹ ᝁᖒ ⪶ᅕಽ ᖅᱶ⦹ᩡ݅.
ຝᱡĥప⪵⧁⧎༊᮹ᱶ᮹۵ࠥಽᮁḡᅕᙹಽᯙ⧕⠙ᯖᯕၽᔾ
⦹۵⧎༊ᮥᱶ᮹⦹۵äᯕ݅. ྜྷು, a܆⦽ฯᮡ⧎༊ᮥ⡍⧉⦹۵
äᯕࠥಽ⚍ᯱ⬉ŝෝᖅ⦹۵ߑᮁᯖ⦹ӹ༉⩶}ၽᯕӹ⪽ᬊᨱ
ᨕಅᬡᯕʑভྙᨱᱶᅕᙹ᪡ᯱഭ᮹⦽ĥෝŁಅ⦹ᩍᱶ᮹
ࢁ⦥aᯩ݅. ੱ⦽, b⧎༊᮹ᵲࠥa݅အಽ}ၽ᮹ᬑᖁᙽ
᭥ෝ ᱶ⧕ࢱ۵ äᯕ ၵ௭Ḣ⦹໑, ᯱഭӹ ᱶᅕ᮹ ⦽ĥಽ }ၽᯕ
ᩍ᮹⊹༜⦽ Ğᬑ ᵲࠥᨱ ⧖ᝍ ᇡᇥᇡ░}ၽ⦹ࡹ ⨆⬥
ḡᗮᱢᮝಽ }ᖁ⧕ ӹa۵ ᱥఖᯕ ⦥⦹݅.
ࢱჩṙಽ⡍ᰆᔢ┽ෝ⧉ᙹಽ⦹۵ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊ༉⩶}ၽᮡ
ᅙםྙ᮹aᰆ⧖ᝍᱢᔍ⧎ᯕ݅. อ᧞ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᯕƱ☖ĥ⫮ᇥ
Table 1. A development plan considering the “A Guidebook for Investment of Transportation Facilities (MLTM, 2011)”
Cost contents and sub-models
Korean guidebook (MLTM, 2011)
Korean life cycle cost analysis model (this study) Modeling plans Typical results Agency costs Maintenance
(1)*
maintenance type/year/section (Discounted and undiscounted)
definition Construction
and residual cost (3) Road user
costs
Vehicle operating costs
(2)
vehicle depreciation
vehicle type
required
travel time cost, and vehicle emission cost by a vehicle type/section/year
by a fatality/section/
year Travel time
cost (1)
by a vehicle type
analysis
excluded
required Traffic accident
costs (3)
condition-based accident cost estimation model is required
Socio-enviro nmental cost
Emission costs (1)
HC, PM, NOx)
compound type
definition
Sub-models Deterioration forecasting
model (1)
speeds for applying Markov process
life expectancy by a rating
Vehicle speed
model (2)
estimation model
operating speed by a vehicle
type/section/year Future traffic
volume generation (2)
Selectable from:
Monte-Carlo method
by a vehicle type (differed by model choice)
Traffic accidents (3)
accidents by a section/year Economic
decision indices (2)
Rate of Return (IRR)
Annual Cost)
applied alternatives Note: *Priority orders are in the parenthesis
ౝ ⅾ ᵝ⧪Ñญӹ ᗮࠥ᮹ ⧉ᙹಽอ ᩩ⊂ࡽ݅໕, ݡᦩ e᮹
እᬊ₉ᯕ۵šญᯱእᬊᨱᕽอၽᔾ⦹íࡹ໑, ᩩ⊂ࡽࠥಽᯕᬊᯱ
ၰᔍ⫭⪹Ğእᬊᮡ݉ᙽ⦽ᱶᅕᨱᇩŝ⧁ᐱĞᰢᱢݡᦩ᮹ᬑᖁᙽ
᭥ đᱶᨱ ⪽ᬊࢁ ᙹ ᨧ݅.
݅ᮭᮝಽᖙᇡᇥᕾ༉⩶ၰ⦥ᯱഭ᮹ᯝၹ⪵, eᗭ⪵aǍࡽ
݅. ᯕ۵⩥ᰍᔢᬊ⪵ࡽ⥥ಽəఉॅ᮹⪽ᬊ݉ĥᨱᕽӹ┡ӽaᰆ
ⓑྙᱽᱱᯕŁ⧁ᙹᯩ݅. ᔍᝅᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᇥᕾᨱᕽ݅Łᯱ
⦹۵⧎༊ᯕӹᯕෝघၼ⋉⦹۵ᖙᇡ༉⩶ॅᮡݡᇡᇥŁᮁ⦽ᩑǍᩢ
Table 2. Comparison of the Korean LCCA model with existing LCCA models
Contents K-LCCA
(This study)
HDM-4 (current model in use) (PIARC, 2000)
RealCOST (FHWA, 1998)
PMAS (Kobayashi et al., 2008)
Developer Korea World Bank FHWA(U.S.) Japan
Analysis framework Fiscal year Fiscal year Years only when
maintenance conducted Fiscal year
Deterioration forecasting
function
Model type
Multiple deterioration speeds extracted from statistical/
stochastic model
Annual deterioration by Dynamic mechanistic/
empirical model
Expert system (By direct input of life expectancy by users)
Simplified regression for annual deterioration in MCI (Maintenance Control Index) Model
estimation
By inspection data from Korean national highway in 2007~2010
By finding calibration factors included in the basic estimation function
By relying on field experience, or preparatory analysis
By using field data based on Japanese condition index
Road users and socio-environmental costs
VOC, travel time cost, traffic accident cost, emission cost by Korean model (MLTM, 2011)
VOC, travel time cost (by using models developed by various countries)
Additional VOC, travel time cost due to work-zones
Additional VOC, travel time cost due to work-zones
Note
Self-definition for maintenance environment only for Korean national highway
Developed for unknown users Too many input variables Calibration/domestication matters
Self-definition for domestic usage in U.S.
Abnormal definition to LCC property
Self-definition for Mie prefecture based on domestic pavement condition index(MCI)
ᩎᮥaḡŁᯩᨕᔢݚ⯩ၙᱢᯙᙹᵡʭḡ݅อⓝᯕၙฯᯕ
ḥᅕࡹᨕᯩ݅. ʑ᳕༉⩶ᨱᕽᯕ్⦽ᇥᕾ༉⩶ॅᮥəݡಽᜅ▽
ᨱ᯦ࠥ⦹íࡹ໕ᕽࠥಽšญᇥᨱᕽᯝၹᱢᮝಽᙹḲࡹŁᯩ۵
ᯱഭಽ۵ᱽݡಽ⪽ᬊ⦹ʑᨕಅᬕĞᬑaኩჩ⯩ၽᔾ⦹íࡹᨩ݅.
ᷪ, ᱢᱩ⦽ ᙹᵡᨱᕽ ᯝၹ⪵, eᗭ⪵ෝ ☖⦽ ᖁ⧪}ၽᮥ ࠥ⦽
⬥, ᯕ⬥ᱶᅕᙹᨱ᧲ᱢ/ḩᱢ}ᖁᮥϡ⦹۵ᱥఖᯕ⦥⦹݅.
ษḡสᮝಽ, ᇥᕾđŝ᮹ᝁᖒᮡᇥᕾđŝaᱶ₦ᮥđᱶ⦹۵ ߑᮁᬊ⦽ɝÑಽ⪽ᬊࢁᙹᯩᮥḡ, ᱶᅕᙹᵡᮝಽԉíࢁḡෝ
đᱶ⦹۵ᵲ⦽⧎༊ᯕ݅. ᇥᕾđŝ᮹Ŗᝁಆᮡᯱʑ⪵ࡽ༉⩶ᮥ
ᯱℕ}ၽ⦹Ñӹ, ᯕၙ}ၽࡽ༉⩶ᮥǎԕᝅᱶᨱ฿íᅕᱶ⦹۵
ᱩ₉ෝÑⅅᮥভ⪶ᅕ⧁ᙹᯩ݅. ⦽ǎᮡǎ☁⧕᧲ᇡᨱᕽ“Ʊ☖
ᖅ⚍ᯱ⠪aḡ⋉”ᮥ☖⧕ǎaƱ☖ᖅᨱݡ⦽Ğᱽᖒ⠪aḡ⋉ᮥ
ᱽ⦹Łᯩ݅. ྜྷುᯕḡ⋉ᕽ۵ࠥಽᯱᔑšญᨱ⦥⦽ʑᵡŝ
ႊ⨆ᖒᮡ݅Łᯩḡᦫḡอ, ǎԕᨱᕽᙹ⧪ࡽᩑǍđŝෝʑၹᮝ ಽ ᯕᬊᯱ ၰ ᔍ⫭⪹Ğእᬊᨱ ݡ⦽ ࠥ⇽ႊᦩᮥ ᱽ⦹Ł ᯩᨕ
ᯕෝ∊ᝅ⯩⪽ᬊ⦹໕ ᇥᕾđŝ᮹Ŗᝁಆᮥ⦽ᱶᱢᮝಽ⪶ᅕ⧁
ᙹᯩ݅Łᩍĉḥ݅. ᕽࠥಽᯱᔑšญʑჶ᮹✡ᮥᱽ⦹Ł, Ʊ☖ᇥᨱ฿⇵ᨕᱽࡽᖙᇡʑᵡŝእᬊᔑᱶ༉⩶ᮥࠥಽ⡍ᰆš ญᇥ᮹✚ᖒᨱ฿íᙹᱶၰᅕ᪥⦹۵᯲ᨦᮡᅙםྙ᮹⧖ᝍᯕ
⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
2.2 ச׆णාࡧ୨ଭࢫࡦ෴ฃ
ǎ☁⧕᧲ᇡḡ⋉ᕽaᱽ⦹Łᯩ۵ࠥಽᇡྙ᮹Ğᱽᖒ⠪a⧎
༊ᮥ ᔕ⠕ᅕ໕, ⚍ᯱ⠙ᯖᮥ Ḣᱲ⠙ᯖŝ eᱲ⠙ᯖᮝಽ Ǎᇥ⦹Ł
ᯩŁ, ᯕ ᵲᨱᕽ Ḣᱲ⠙ᯖอᮥ ĥప⪵ ݡᔢᮝಽ ᱶ᮹⦹Ł ᯩ݅
(MLTM, 2011). Table 1ᮡƱ☖ᖅ⚍ᯱḡ⋉᮹šಉԕᬊᮥࠥಽ
ᯱᔑšญ᮹ šᱱᨱᕽ Łₑ⦽ ༉⩶⪵ ĥ⫮ᮥ ᱽ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
ḡ⋉ᕽᨱᕽḡᱶ⦹Łᯩ۵ࠥಽᯕᬊᯱၰᔍ⫭⪹Ğእᬊᨱݡ⦽
⧎༊ᮡ⡍ᰆšญᇥ᮹ݡ⢽ᱢ༉⩶ᵲ⦹ӹᯙHDM-4(Bennett et al., 2000)ӹ↽ɝၙǎᨱᕽᙹ⧪ࡽNHCRP Report 720(Chatti et al., 2012), ʑ┡⦽ǎᮥݡᔢᮝಽᙹ⧪ࡽၵᯩ۵ᖁ⧪ᩑǍ(Do et al., 2006, 2007; Han et al., 2007)ᨱᕽ Łಅ⧩ ⧎༊ॅŝ
Ñ᮹ ᯝ⊹⦹Ł ᯩᮭᮥ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
⦽⠙, ᅙםྙᨱᨙɪࡹŁᯩ۵“⦽ǎ⩶”᮹}ֱᮡ“⦽ǎᝅᱶᨱ
ᱢ⧊⦽”ŝzᮡ᮹ၙᯕ݅. ᷪ, ⦽ǎ᮹ࠥಽšญᝅᱶŝ⠪aʑᵡ, əญŁᇥᕾᨱ⦥⦽ᖙᇡ༉⩶ŝ᯦ಆᱶᅕॅᮥᬑญӹᨱᕽ
ᨕḥᯱഭॅᮥ☖⧕༉⩶ᮥǍ⇶, ᅕᱶ, ⪽ᬊ⦹۵äᮥ᮹ၙ⦽݅.
ᯕᵲaᰆ⧖ᝍᱢ⧎༊ᮡ1)ࠥಽ❭ᗱᩩ⊂⧉ᙹ᮹ࠥ⇽, 2)ᯕᬊᯱ
ၰᔍ⫭⪹Ğእᬊ༉⩶᮹ǎԕ⪵, 3)ᇥᕾ᪖ᖹ(ᇥᕾʑe, ⧁ᯙᮉ, ₉
᳦Ǎᇥ, b᳦እᬊ᮹ᬱ݉᭥)᮹đᱶᮝಽᯕॅᨱݡ⦽ǎԕ⪵a
ᯕᨕḡḡ༜⦹໕ᇥᕾࡽđŝ۵ᝁ⧁ᙹᨧíࡽ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ
ᱽ⦹Łᯩ۵⦽ǎ⩶ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊ༉⩶ᮥ⩥ᰍᖙĥᱢᮝಽ⡎մí
ᇥ⡍ࡹᨕᯩ۵HDM-4 (⩥ᰍ⦽ǎǎࠥᨱࠥ⪽ᬊᵲ), RealCOST, əᯝᅙᨱᕽ}ၽࡽPMAS (Pavement Management Accounting System)(Kobayashi et al., 2008) ॒ŝ e݉⯩ እƱ⦹໕ Table 2᪡ z݅.
Table 1 ᨱ ᗭ}ࡽ ԕᬊ ᨱࠥ MicroBENCOST, RoSy
SYSTEMs, MicroPAVER॒݅᧲⦽༉⩶ॅᯕ᳕ᰍ⦽݅. ᯕॅᮡ
WĂǀĞŵĞŶƚŝŶǀĞŶƚŽƌLJĚĂƚĂ
;'ĞŽŵĞƚƌLJĐŽŶĚŝƚŝŽŶ͕WĂǀĞŵĞŶƚ
ĚĞƐŝŐŶ͕DĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞŚŝƐƚŽƌLJ͕
^ƵƌĨĂĐĞĐŽŶĚŝƚŝŽŶ͕dƌĂĨĨŝĐ
ǀŽůƵŵĞĞƚĐ͘Ϳ
ĞƚĞƌŝŽƌĂƚŝŽŶĨŽƌĞĐĂƐƚŝŶŐŵŽĚĞů
;ĂƐĞĚŽŶDĂƌŬŽǀWƌŽĐĞƐƐͿ
ƐƚŝŵĂƚŝŽŶŽĨǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞĞĚƐ
;&ƌĞĞƐƉĞĞĚ͕ƚƌĂǀĞůƐƉĞĞĚͿ DĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞĚĞƐŝŐŶͬ
DĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞƚŝŵŝŶŐƐ
ĞƚĞƌŝŽƌĂƚŝŽŶƐƉĞĞĚƐďLJ
ĐŽŶĚŝƚŝŽŶŝŶĚŝĐĞƐĂŶĚƌĂƚŝŶŐƐ
ŐĞŶĐLJĐŽƐƚƐ
;DĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞĐŽƐƚŽŶůLJͿ
ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůĐŽƐƚƐ
;ďLJϱƚLJƉĞƐŽĨĐŽŵƉŽƵŶĚĨƌŽŵ
ǀĞŚŝĐůĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶͿ
ĐŽŶŽŵŝĐĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ
;EWs͕ h͕ͬͿ
ŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽƉƚŝŽŶƐ
;DĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͕
ĚŝƐĐŽƵŶƚƌĂƚĞ͕ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐƉĞƌŝŽĚ͕
ƵŶŝƚĐŽƐƚƐĞƚĐ͘Ϳ
>ŽĐĂůŝnjĞĚƌĞŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ ;KƉƚŝŽŶͿ
ŶŶƵĂůƉĂǀĞŵĞŶƚĐŽŶĚŝƚŝŽŶďLJ
ŝŶĚĞdžͬLJĞĂƌͬƐĞĐƚŝŽŶ
;/ŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞĞĨĨĞĐƚƐͿ dƌĂĨĨŝĐǀŽůƵŵĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƚŝŽŶ
;ďLJƵŶŝĨŽƌŵ͕^ƚŽĐŚĂƐƚŝĐŵĞƚŚŽĚͿ
ZŽĂĚƵƐĞƌƐĐŽƐƚƐ
;sK͕dƌĂǀĞůƚŝŵĞĐŽƐƚ͕
ĐĐŝĚĞŶƚĐŽƐƚƐͿ
KƵƚůŝĞƌĨŝůƚĞƌŝŶŐ
;ŝŶǀĞƌƐĞĚĐŽŶĚŝƚŝŽŶͿ
WƌĞƉĂƌĂƚŽƌLJǁŽƌŬƐ
ĨŽƌ>
&ĞĞĚďĂĐŬWƌŽĐĞƐƐ
Fig. 1. A flowchart for pavement condition-based life cycle cost analysis model
bbᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊ᮹⧎༊ŝᱶ᮹, ⇵ᱶʑჶᨱᔢݚ⦽₉ᯕෝᅕᯕ
Łᯩᮝ໑, ݚᩑ⯩᯦ಆᯱഭ᪡ᇥᕾđŝྜྷ᮹⧎༊ŝ⩶┽ࠥᔢᯕ⦹
݅. ᯕ౨í݅᧲⦽༉⩶ᯕ᳕ᰍ⧉ᨱࠥ✚ᱶ⦽༉⩶ᨱݡ⦽ᖁ⪙a
ࢱऽ్ḡḡᦫ۵ᯕᮁ۵݉ᙽ⯩}ၽᯱᨱ᮹⧕ᯝႊᱢᮝಽᱶ᮹ࡽ
༉⩶ᮡᇩ✚ᱶ݅ᙹ᮹ ᜅ▽ᬕᩢ܆ಆŝᱶᅕᙹෝ∊᳒┍
ᙹᨧʑভྙᯕ݅. ᷪࠥಽᯱᔑšญᜅ▽᮹ḡᗮa܆⦽}ၽᮡ
ᯱʑaᬱ⦹۵༉⩶ᮥḢᱲᱶ᮹/}ၽ⦹Łᱶᅕᙹ/ᬕᬊ܆ಆᨱ
฿⇵ᨕ }ᖁ⧕ ӹa۵ äᯕ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
2.3 ंজଭൌ୪ਏ
ࠥಽ⡍ᰆᔢ┽ʑၹᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᇥᕾᨱ⦥⦽Ǎᖒᮥ᧞⦹໕
1) ⡍ᰆᱶᅕDB(Database) Ǎ⇶ၰᯕᔢ⊹ᱽÑŝᱶ, 2) ᩑࠥᄥ
ࠥಽᔢ┽ᩩ⊂(ᮁḡᅕᙹ⬉ŝ⡍⧉), 3) šญᯱእᬊᩩ⊂, 4) Ʊ☖ప
ᩩ⊂, 5) ₉᳦ᄥ₉పᗮࠥᩩ⊂, 6) ᯕᬊᯱእᬊᩩ⊂, 7) ⪹Ğእᬊ
ᩩ⊂, 8) Ğᱽᖒ⠪aḡ⢽ࠥ⇽, 9) ⦝ऽ႒(feedback)ŝᱶᮝಽ᧞
⧁ᙹᯩ݅. ᯕŝᱶॅᮥᙹ⧪⦹ʑ᭥⦽ᖙᇡ༉⩶ᮝಽ۵ࠥಽ❭ᗱᩩ
⊂༉⩶, šญᯱእᬊ༉⩶, ₉పᬕ⧪ᗮࠥ༉⩶, ₉పᬕ⧪እᬊ༉⩶, ☖
⧪eእᬊ༉⩶, Ʊ☖ᔍŁእᬊ༉⩶, ⪹Ğእᬊ༉⩶, Ʊ☖పၽᔾ༉
⩶, Ğᱽᖒ⠪a༉⩶ᯕ⦥⦹໑, ⦽༉⩶ᨱᕽࠥ⇽ࡽđŝa݅ෙ
༉⩶᮹᯦ಆᯱഭಽ⪽ᬊࡹ۵Ǎ᳑ෝwíࡽ݅. ᇥᕾđŝᨱaᰆ
ⓑ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ၙ⊹۵ ⧖ᝍᄡᙹ۵ ⡍ᰆ᮹ ❭ᗱᗮࠥ, ᮁḡᅕᙹʑᵡ, Ʊ☖ప, ₉పᬕ⧪ᗮࠥ, b᳦ᬱ݉᭥aᯩ݅. b༉⩶ᮥ☖⧕ᱥ⩶ᱢ ᮝಽ ᨕḩ ᙹ ᯩ۵ đŝྜྷॅᮡ Table 1ᨱ eఖ⯩ ᧞ࡽ ၵ
ᯩᮝ໑, ᯕॅ᮹᮲ᬊၰ᳑⧊ᮥ☖⧕ᅕ݅݅᧲⦽ᱶᅕࠥ⇽ࠥa܆⦹
݅. ᅙםྙᨱᕽᱽ⦹۵ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᇥᕾ᮹⮱ࠥ۵Fig. 1ŝ
z݅.
3. ⦽ǎ⩶ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᇥᕾ༉⩶᮹}ၽ
ᇥᕾ༉⩶᮹ᱶ᮹۵⚍ᯱḡ⋉ᨱᕽᱽ⦹Łᯩ۵ԕᬊᮥ↽ݡ⦽
⪽ᬊ⦹۵äᮥᬱ⊺ᮝಽ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᅙᱩᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ⩶ᔾᧁᵝʑእ ᬊ༉⩶᮹ᱶ᮹᪡šಉࡽ⧖ᝍᔍ⧎ᨱݡ⧕ᕽอeఖ⯩ᕽᚁ⦹ʑಽ
⦽݅.
3.1 ւࠤୀण
⡍ᰆšญᇥᨱᕽšญᯱእᬊᮡᮁḡᅕᙹእᬊ(ᄡ࠺እ)ᮝಽ⦽
ᱶࡹ۵äᯕᯝၹᱢᯕ݅. ᬑญӹǎࠥ۵⫭ĥᩑࠥෝʑᵡᮝಽ
ๅ֥᳑ᔍࡹ۵⡍ᰆᔢ┽ḡ⢽ෝₙ᳑⦹ᩍᮁḡᅕᙹ ⧪ᩍᇡෝ
đᱶ⦹Łᯩ۵ᱱᮥŁಅ⦹໕“ᩑࠥ/Ǎe/ᔢ┽ḡ⢽ᄥ”ಽ⡍ᰆᔢ┽
ෝᩩ⊂⦹۵đᱶುᱢ༉⩶ᯕᅕ݅ᬑญӹ⩥ᝅᨱᇡ⧊⦽݅Ł
ᅝ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ə్ӹ ⡍ᰆ❭ᗱŝᱶ᮹ ᇩ⪶ᝅᖒ ভྙᨱ đᱶುᱢ
༉⩶ᅕ݅۵⪶ශುᱢ༉⩶ᯕฯᯕ⪽ᬊࡹ໑, əᵲᨱᕽࠥษ⎵
⥥ᱥᯕ⪶ශ༉⩶(Markov transition probability model)ᯕaᰆ
ձญ⪽ᬊࡹŁᯩ݅(Kobayashi et al., 2010, 2012; Han et al., 2012c; Yang et al ., 2005; Tsuda et al., 2006). ษ⎵⥥ᱥᯕ⪶ශ
༉⩶ᮡᇥᕾaaᱶ᮹⦽ᯕᔑᱢ(discrete) ⡍ᰆᔢ┽ᄥಽʑݡᙹ
ᮥࠥ⇽⦹Ł, ᯕॅᮥ᳑⧊⦹ᩍ⡍ᰆ❭ᗱᗮࠥ᮹ᄡ⪵ŝᱶᮥ(łᖁᮝ ಽ) ⠪a⦽݅. ᩍʑᕽࠥ⇽ࡽʑݡᙹॅᮥ݉᭥eݚ❭ᗱపᮝಽ
ᄡ⪹⍽ᇥᕾᨱ⪽ᬊ⦹໕⪶ශ༉⩶ᨱᕽࠥ⇽ࡽ❭ᗱ✚ᖒᮥəݡ ಽᩑࠥʑᵡ❭ᗱŝᱶᩩ⊂ᨱࠥ⪽ᬊ⧁ᙹᯩíࡽ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵
ษ⎵⥥ŝᱶᮥʑᵡᮝಽ ⦽❭ᗱŝᱶᨱᮁḡᅕᙹ⧪ᨱෙ
ᔢ┽⫭ᅖŝᱶᮥ ⡍⧉⦹ᩍ ❭ᗱŝᱶᮥ ᱶ⪵⦹ᩡ݅.
3.2 ܑߦଲୀण
ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ᮹ࠥಽᯕᬊᯱእᬊᮡ₉పᬕ⧪እᬊ, ☖⧪eእᬊ, ᨵḥ᪅ᯝእᬊ, ₉పᙹญእᬊ, ₉పqaᔢbእᬊᮝಽᱶ᮹ࡹ໑, ⧕ ݚ ࠥಽෝᇥᕾʑe ԕ ᯕᬊ⦹۵༉ु ₉పᮥ ݡᔢᮝಽ⠙ᯖᮥ
⇵ᱶ⦽݅. ⦽⠙, ࠥಽ⡍ᰆᔢ┽a₉ప☖⧪ᗮࠥᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊽݅۵
ᩑǍᖒŝ(Hide et al., 1975; Morosiuk et al., 1982; Watanatada, 1981)ᨱ᮹Ñ, ₉పᬕ⧪ᗮࠥᩩ⊂ᨱ⡍ᰆᔢ┽ෝๅ}ᄡᙹಽ⪽ᬊ
ࡹ۵ Ǎ᳑ෝ ☖⧕ ࠥಽᯕᬊᯱእᬊᨱ ᱲɝ⦹Łᯱ ⦹ᩡ݅(Fig. 1 ₙ᳑).
3.2.1 ఙ߆ෘण
ຝᱡ, ₉పᬕ⧪እᬊŝšಉࡽᖁ⧪ᩑǍෝᔕ⠕ᅕ໕ݡᇡᇥ1)
ᮁඹ, 2) ᨵḥ᪅ᯝ, 3) ┡ᯕᨕ, 4) ₉పᮁḡᅕᙹ, 5) ₉పqaᔢbᮥ
ݡᔢᮝಽ ⦹Ł ᯩᮝ໑(de Weille, 1966; Bonny et al., 1967;
AASHTO, 1978; Goodman et al., 2006; Uddin et al., 1998;
Han, 2011; Chatti et al., 2012), ǎ☁⧕᧲ᇡḡ⋉ᕽࠥᯕ᪡࠺ᯝ⦽
ᱶ᮹ෝԕญŁᯩ݅. ḡ⋉ᕽᨱᕽ᮹₉పᬕ⧪እᬊᩩ⊂༉⩶ᮡ₉ప ᬕ⧪ᗮࠥอᮥᄡᙹಽ⪽ᬊ⦹۵Ǎ᳑ෝ≉⦹Łᯩᮝ໑, ₉᳦ᮥʑᅙ
ᩩ⊂݉᭥ಽ⦹Łᯩ݅. ੱ⦽, ᩩ⊂ᨧᯕๅ10km/h ᄥ₉పᬕ⧪እ ᬊ᮹ᬱ݉᭥ෝᱽ⦹Ł, ᵲeᗮࠥ۵3₉⫭ȡᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᔑ⇽
⧁äᮥᱽ⦹Łᯩ݅. ə్ӹᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ3₉᮹ᱢ⧊ᖒᮥ
ᔕ⠕ᅙđŝᯝᇡᩩ⊂⧉ᙹॅ᮹ᱢ⧊ࠥR
2a0.9 ᯕ⦹ಽӹ┡ӹ۵
Ğᬑa ၽᔾ⦹ᩍ 4₉ ᮝಽ ⪶ᰆ⍽ ᱢᬊ⦹ᩡ݅.
3.2.2 ധෘਏԩण
ǎ☁⧕᧲ᇡḡ⋉ᕽᨱᕽ۵☖⧪eᮡBPR (Bureau of Public Road)ᮥ☁ݡಽ}ၽࡽ☖⧪పḡℕ⧉ᙹ(VDF; Volume-Delay Function) ᮥ ᱽ⦹Ł ᯩᮝӹ VDF ⧉ᙹᮡ ₉᳦ᄥᯕ ᦥܭ
ࠥಽᮁ⩶(Łᗮǎࠥ, ᯝၹǎࠥ, ḡႊࠥ)ᄥಽᱽࡹᨕᯩŁ⡍ᰆᔢ
┽ࠥŁಅࢁᙹᨧᮝအಽࠥಽšญᇥᨱᱢ⧊⦽༉⩶ᯕŁᅕʑ
ᨕಖ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ᮹☖⧪eᩩ⊂༉⩶ᮡaᰆᯝၹᱢᯙ⩶┽ᯙ
“ ᵝ⧪Ñญ/☖⧪ᗮࠥ” ⧉ᙹᮥŁᯩ݅. ᕽእᬊᩩ⊂᮹
⧖ᝍᮡ⡍ᰆᔢ┽ʑၹ₉ప☖⧪ᗮࠥᩩ⊂༉⩶᮹}ၽᯕ ⧁ᙹ
ᯩ݅.
Ʊ☖ᇥᨱᕽ᮹₉పᬕ⧪ᗮࠥ(⪚ᮡ☖⧪e)ᩩ⊂ᮡ⋝อ⦥░
ย(Kalman filtering), ᯙŖᝁĞ(artificial neural network), ⟝ ḡ(fuzzy)ᯕು॒ݡᇡᇥĞ⨹ᱢ/ၙᱢšᱱᨱᕽᱲɝ⦹Łᯩʑ
ভྙᨱ⡍ᰆšญᇥ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯱഭಽ۵ᱢᬊᯕ݅ᗭᨕಅᬑ໑,
ੱ⦽⡍ᰆᔢ┽ෝᄡᙹಽ⪽ᬊ⦹۵༉⩶ࠥᦥᅕʑᨕಖ݅. ⩥ᰍ
ǎࠥ⡍ᰆšญᜅ▽ᨱᕽǍeᄥಽšญ⦹Łᯩ۵ᯱഭ۵ǎࠥƱ☖
ప᳑ᔍℕĥ(TMS; Traffic Monitoring System)ᨱᕽᨕḡ۵ᩑ
⠪ɁᯝƱ☖ప(AADT: Average Annual Dairy Traffic) ᙹᵡᯕ໑, ʑ⦹Ǎ᳑ ᱶᅕࠥ ₉ಽᙹᨱ ⦽ᱶࡽ݅. ᩍʑᨱ, ᩑࠥᄥ ⡍ᰆᔢ┽
ᱶࠥaᇥᕾŝᱶ᮹ᵲeđŝಽ៉ᨕḩᙹᯩ݅. ᷪ, ǎࠥᱥℕ᮹
Ǎeᄥ/₉᳦ᄥᬕ⧪ᗮࠥ᮹ᩩ⊂ᮡᙽᙹƱ☖ᇥ᮹ᯝၹᱢšᱱᨱ ᕽእ⇵ᨕᅝভᔢݚᇡᇥaᱶᨱ᮹᳕⧁ᙹၷᨱᨧ۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ݅.
ᅙ ᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ ၙǎࠥಽᬊప⠙௭(HCM; Highway Capacity Manual) ᮹ʑᅙ}ֱᮥ᮲ᬊ⦹ᩍ⡍ᰆᔢ┽᪡Ʊ☖ඹ᮹ᩢ⨆ᯕ࠺
ᨱŁಅࢉᮡྜྷು⩥ᰍ᮹ǎࠥ⡍ᰆšญᜅ▽ᨱᕽᙹḲࡹŁᯩ۵
⦽ᱶࡽᯱഭอᮝಽࠥᩩ⊂⧁ᙹᯩ۵༉⩶ᮥ}ၽ⦹ᩡ݅. }ၽࡽ
༉⩶ᮡࠥಽ᮹ྜྷญᱢ/ᬕᩢᱢ⩥⫊(ࠥಽ᮹ᱽ⦽ᗮࠥ, Ğᔍࠥ, Ǖǎ
ࠥ, ࠥಽ⡎, ⡍ᰆᰆ┽)ෝ ☖⧕ ᯱᮁᗮࠥෝ ᩩ⊂⦽ ⬥, Ʊ☖ඹಽ
ᯙ⦽⇵aᱢqᗮᇥᮥᱢᬊ⦹۵Ǎ᳑ᯕ݅(Bennett et al., 2000;
TRB, 2000). ₙŁಽ Ğᔍ ॒᮹ ʑ⦹Ǎ᳑۵ ⨆⬥ ᯱഭ᮹ ⪶ᅕ
a܆ᖒᮥᩝࢱ⦹ᩍ༉⩶⪵ෝ⧩ḡอᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ᮹ဍ౩ᯕᖹᨱ ᕽ۵ ༉ࢱ ⠪ḡಽ aᱶࡽ݅. ᅙ ᩑǍᨱᕽ ᱽ⦽ ₉పᬕ⧪ᗮࠥ
ᩩ⊂༉⩶᮹aᰆⓑ✚Ḷᮡeݡᄥ༉⩶ᯕᦥܭᯝƱ☖పʑᵡᮝ ಽ༉⩶ᮥǍᖒ⧉ᮝಽ៉ဍ౩ᯕᖹ᮹Ǎ᳑ෝⓍíeᗭ⪵⧩݅۵
ᱱᯕ݅. ᅕ☖Ʊ☖ᇥᨱᕽ۵₉ಽ-݉᭥eᮥʑᵡᮝಽƱ☖ඹෝ
ᇥᕾ⦹۵äᯕᯝၹᱢᯕӹᱥօ✙ᬭⓍ᮹eݡᄥƱ☖పᯱഭෝ
⪶ᅕ⦹۵äᮡ⩥ᱱᨱᕽ۵ᇩa܆⦹݅. ੱ⦽, ⡍ᰆšญᇥ᮹
ᯝၹᱢᯙᇥᕾʑeᯕ30~40֥ᙹᵡᯕ۵ᱱᮥₙ᯲⦹໕༉⩶᮹
eᗭ⪵۵ ᇩa⦝⦹݅.
3.2.3 ֗ധॷճण
Ʊ☖ᔍŁእᬊᮡ᭥⨹ᨱי⇽ࡽᱶࠥ, ᷪ“ᔍŁᮉŝᵝ⧪Ñญ”᮹
⧉ᙹಽᔑᱶ⦹۵äᯕᯝၹᱢᯕ݅. ḡ⋉ᕽᨱ۵Łᗮǎࠥ, ᯝၹǎࠥ, ḡႊࠥෝʑᵡᮝಽ≉⧊ࡽⅾᵝ⧪Ñญ᪡ ᔍŁᮁ⩶ᄥၽᔾශᮥ
Łಅ⦹ᩍᔍŁÕᙹ/ᔍᯱᙹ/ᇡᔢᯱᙹෝᩩ⊂⦽݅. ᯕෝəݡಽ
í ࡹ໕ օ✙ᬭⓍ ᙹᵡ᮹ ༉⩶ᯕ ࡹʑ ভྙᨱ ࠥಽǍeᄥ
Ʊ☖ᔍŁÕᙹၰእᬊᔑᱶᯕᇩa܆⦹Ł⡍ᰆᔢ┽ ੱ⦽ᄡᙹಽ
⪽ᬊࢁᙹᨧ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ḡ⋉ᕽᨱᕽᱽ⦹۵ᔍŁᮁ⩶᮹
Ǎᇥŝᬱ݉᭥⪽ᬊǍ᳑۵ əݡಽᮁḡ⦹ࡹᯕෝǍeʑᵡᮝಽ
ᄡ⪹⦹ᩍ ⡍ᰆᔢ┽ᨱ ෙ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ༉⩶⪵⦹Łᯱ ⦹ᩡ݅.
ᔍᝅƱ☖ᔍŁaၽᔾ⦽ݚ᮹⡍ᰆᔢ┽ෝ᳑ᔍ⦹ḡᦫ۵༉⩶
⪵aᨕಅᬑအಽᯕᨱš⦽༉⩶ᯕӹᖁ⧪ᩑǍࠥᦥᅕʑᨕಖ݅.
ə్ӹ↽ɝChan et al. (2009)ᮡၙǎ▭օ(Tennessee)ᵝ᮹
ႊݡ⦽Ʊ☖ᔍŁᯕಆߑᯕ░ᄁᯕᜅ᪡⡍ᰆšญᜅ▽᮹ᯱഭෝ
ᩑ࠺⦹ᩍ ᔍŁ᮹ ݅᧲⦽ ᬱᯙᨱ ݡ⧕ ᇥᕾᮥ ࠥ⦽ ၵ ᯩ݅.
Chan et al. (2009) ᯕᱽ⦽༉⩶ᮡᯙ⊹-ษᯝ(mile) ݉᭥ಽ
ᱽࡹᨕᯩᨕᯕෝm/km݉᭥ಽᄡ⪹┉⬥ᖅᄡᙹᨱ᳦݉⠪
┥ᖒ(IRI; International Roughness Index)ෝݡ᯦┅۵ᯝၹ
⪵᯲ᨦᯕ⦥⦹݅. ੱ⦽, ᬑญӹ᪡ၙǎ᮹Ʊ☖⪹Ğ, ჶȽ,
ࠥಽǍ᳑, ᬕᱥ⧪┽aݍ༉⩶᮹ᯕᱥᖒᨱݡ⦽םᯕᯩᮥ
ᙹᯩʑভྙᨱᅕᱶ➊░ෝ᯦ࠥ⦹ᩍ݅ᮭŝzᯕ༉⩶ᮥᰍǍᖒ
⦹ᩡ݅.
(1)
ᩍʑᕽ,
NA
pys: Ǎe s, ᇥᕾᩑࠥ yᨱᕽ᮹ Ʊ☖ᔍŁ Õᙹ p R
p: ᔍŁᮁ⩶ p᮹ Ʊ☖ᔍŁᮉ
p : ᯙᱢᔍŁ(ᔍ/ᇡᔢ)᪡ ྜྷᱢᔍŁ(₉ప/ݡྜྷ⦝⧕) ⱬ : ༉⩶ ᅕᱶĥᙹ (default = 3.23)
a
1~a
3: ༉⩶ĥᙹ(☖⧊᳑Õ: -5.833, 0.657, 0.005) (Chan et al., 2009).
Eq. (1)ᨱᕽ᮹ᅕᱶĥᙹⱬ۵༉⩶ᯱℕaࠥಽᩑᰆᮥʑᵡᮝಽ
⦹Łᯩʑভྙᨱ1kmݚၽᔾÕᙹ᮹እᮉᮥŁಅ⦹ᩍᔑᱶ⦹ᩡ݅.
ǎ☁⧕᧲ᇡḡ⋉ᕽᨱᕽ۵2009֥☖ĥᯱഭෝʑᵡᮝಽ⦹Łᯩᮝ အಽ, ݚ᮹ǎࠥ⠪ɁIRI(2.646m/km)s(⦽ǎÕᖅʑᚁᩑǍᬱ
ԕᇡᯱഭ⪽ᬊ)ŝAADT(12,374ݡ/ᯝ) (TMS, 2012), ǎࠥᩑᰆ (13,464.2km, šญǍe⡍⧉, ၙ}☖/ၙ⡍ᰆࠥ۵ᱽ) (Statistics Korea, 2012)ᮥ༉⩶ᨱݡ᯦⦹ᩍᅕᱶĥᙹෝᔑ⇽⦽đŝⱬ۵
3.23 ᮝಽ ᔑᱶࡹᨩ݅.
3.2.4 ୋ֗ധ߆ુ౸ࡦ෴
ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽᱽᦩ⦽ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᇥᕾ༉⩶ᮡᩑࠥʑᵡ༉⩶ᮝ ಽᇥᕾʑeԕԕ₉᳦/ᩑࠥ/ǍeᄥƱ☖పᯕǍࡽ݅. ᯕĞᬑ
ᇥᕾⅩʑᩑࠥ᮹Ʊ☖✚ᖒ(AADT, ₉᳦Ǎᖒእ)ᮥᇥᕾʑeҾʭ
ḡᮁḡ⦹۵Ɂᯝ႑ᱶჶᯕӹ᷾qශᮥᱢᬊ⦽ᅖญ᷾aჶᮥ⪽ᬊ
⦹íࡹ۵ߑ, ᰆʑᇥᕾʑeᮝಽᯙ⧕ᩩ⊂Ʊ☖పᯕᬊపᮥⅩŝ⧕
ქญ۵᪅ඹෝ႑ᱽ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᅕ☖Ɂᯝ႑ᱶჶᯕฯᯕ⪽ᬊ⦹Ł
ᯩ݅(Do et al., 2006, 2007; Han et al., 2007, 2012a, 2012b).
ə్ӹᩍʑᨱᕽᬑญ۵⧎ᔢթྕᛞíaᱶ⧕ქญ۵ᯕᰆ௹
Ʊ☖పᨱݡ⧕ᕽŁₑ⧕ᅝ⦥aᯩ݅. ຝᱡ, 1) ǎࠥƱ☖ప᳑ᔍℕ ĥ᮹᳑ᔍ✚ᖒᔢAVC(Automatic Vehicle Classification)ᰆእ
ෝ⪽ᬊ⦹۵ᔢ᳑ᔍǍeᯕᦥܩ໕Ʊ☖పᯱഭaእᱶᔢᱢᯝ
a܆ᖒᯕᯩ݅. 2) ੱ⦽, ᇥᕾaaᩑǍ༊ᱢᮥ∊᳒┅ʑ᭥⧕
ᯙ᭥ᱢᮝಽ ⧊ݚ⦽ ᯲᳑⦹۵ ࠥ⦹۵ Ğᬑࠥ ᩩᔢ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
3) ษḡสᮝಽᇥᕾᯱℕaဍ౩ᯕᖹ᮹ᖒĊᮥு۵อⓝƱ☖ప ᮹᷾q✚ᖒ(ᇥᔑ, ḡᩎᖒ, ᯥĥ✚ᖒ॒)ᯕᅕ݅⩥ᝅᱢᮝಽཹᔍࢁ
⦥aᯩ݅. ᯕᨱᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵Ɂᯝ႑ᱶჶᨱ1)Ŗeᯕ࠺⩶-
݅ᇥ⡍-།▭⋕ෝಽ(Monte-Carlo) ʑჶ, 2)݉ᯝŖe-݉ᇥ⡍-།▭
⋕ෝಽʑჶᮥ}ၽ⦹ᩍᯕᬊᯱaᇥᕾᖁ┾⧁ᙹᯩࠥಾ⦹ᩡ
݅. ༉⩶᮹ ᯕುᱢ ႑Ğŝ ᔢᖙ⦽ ʑჶᮡ ⨆⬥ םྙᨱᕽ ᝍࠥ
ᯩí ݅ʑಽ ⦽݅.
3.2.5 ఙஂंࠑ׆ஜ୍୨ࠩ
᧲ᱢᯙƱ☖పᮡྜྷುḩᱢᯙ₉᳦᮹Ǎᖒᮡࠥಽ❭ᗱŝᱶᮡ
ྜྷುࠥಽᯕᬊᯱእᬊ᮹ᔑᱶᨱᵲ⦽ᄡᙹᯕ݅. ✚⯩₉᳦᮹✚ᖒ ( Ʊ☖⦹ᵲ, ₉ᯙᬱ॒) ᱶ᮹۵ๅᬑᵲ⦽ᔍ⧎ᯕ݅. ǎࠥƱ☖ప
᳑ᔍℕĥ۵ 12᳦ᮥ ʑᵡᮝಽ ₉᳦ᮥ Ǎᇥ⦹Ł ᯩᮝӹ(TMS, 2012), ǎࠥ⡍ᰆšญᜅ▽ᮡ7᳦ᮝಽᇥඹ⦹Łᯩᮝ໑, ə
ǎ☁⧕᧲ᇡḡ⋉ᕽᨱᕽࠥ༉⩶ᄥಽ݅ෙ ₉᳦ʑᵡᮥᱢᬊ⦹Ł
ᯩ݅. ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ ₉᳦᮹ Ǎᇥᮡ 1) ₉ప᮹ ⩶ ၰ ᯕᬊ✚ᖒ, 2) ₉ప ݉᭥ ᙹ, 3) ₉ᱶᬱ(⧊₉᮹ Ğᬑ), 3) ₉ప ⇶ ᙹ, 4) ၵ⒕ᙹ, 5) ⪵ྜྷᬕᬊప॒ᮥₙ᳑⦹ᩍđᱶࡹӹ(Han, 2011;
FHWA, 2001; Bennett et al., 2000; KICT, 2008), šಉྙ⨭
ԕ⡍⧉ࡽᱶᅕ᮹⦽ĥಽ⪵ྜྷᬕᬊపŝ₉ᱶᬱᮥᵲᝍᮝಽᰍ⠙
ᖒᮥࠥ⦹ᩡ݅. ᦥᬙ్ᇥᕾᨱ⦥⦽₉᳦Ǎᖒእ۵ࠥಽƱ☖ప
☖ĥᩑᅕ᮹aᰆ↽ɝᱶᅕᯙ2008~2011֥᮹⠪Ɂ⊹ෝ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩡ
݅. ₉᳦ᰍǍᖒŝšಉࡽŁₑᮥ☖⧕ᬑญӹŖŖᇡྙᨱᕽ⪽ᬊ
ࡹŁᯩ۵₉᳦Ǎᇥʑᵡeᨱᔢݚ⦽₉ᯕaᯩᮭᮥᙹᯩᨩ݅.
ᯕ్⦽₉ᯕ۵ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊ᮹Ƚ༉۵ྜྷುࠥಽ⡍ᰆ᮹ᖒ܆ᇥᕾ ᨱࠥ ฯᮡ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ၙ⊹ʑ ভྙᨱ ☖⧊⩶ ₉᳦ᇥඹʑᵡᨱ š⦽
ᩑǍa ɪ⦹݅.
4. ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᇥᕾ༉⩶ᮥ⪽ᬊ⦽ᮁḡᅕᙹᱥఖ
ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᇥᕾᮥ ⪽ᬊ⦽ ᮁḡᅕᙹ ᱥఖᙹพᮥ ᭥⧕ ᱥℕ
ǎࠥෝݡᔢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹۵ႊᦩࠥá☁⧕ᅕᦹᮝӹ, ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ
Table 3. A brief summary of simulation options
Contents Definitions
Section info.
(A virtual section representing Korean
national highways)
Geometric condition
Road design: unit length=1km, num. of lanes = 2.91, width of a lane=3.5m, shoulder =1.5m Slope and horizontal curvature: straight (assumption)
Traffic condition AADT: 12,516 (TMS,2011), uniformed during analysis period Speed limit: 80km/h
Pavement deterioration characteristics
Deterioration index
Initial condition
(averaged condition in 2011)
Maintenance effect
(Reset condition) Deterioration speed
Crack 3.535% 0.00%
Refer to Table 4
Rutting 7.351mm 2.00mm
IRI 2.295m/km 1.00m/km
Analysis period and discount rate 30 years, 5.5% (MLTM, 2011)
Table 4. Pavement condition rating systems and corresponding pavement deterioration speeds
Condition states
Standard for ratings Life expectancy by a rating Deterioration speed by a rating Crack
(%)
Rutting (mm)
IRI (m/km)
Crack (year)
Rutting (year)
IRI (year)
Crack (%/year)
Rutting (mm/year)
IRI (m/km/year)
1 ~0.5 5 2 1.53 2.39 2.03 0.33 2.09 0.99
2 ~5 10 2.5 4.19 14.23 1.55 1.07 0.35 0.32
3 ~10 15 3 2.27 15.99 1.56 2.20 0.31 0.32
4 ~15 20 3.5 1 6.35 1.35 5.00 0.79 0.37
5 15~ 20~ 3.5~ - - - -
Source: Han et al. (2012c)
Table 5. Definition of maintenance alternative sets
Alternatives Cutting + Rut-resist pavement 50mm overlay
Cutting + Conventional hot-mix asphalt 50mm overlay
Conventional hot-mix asphalt
50mm overlay Note
Alternative 1 Rutting 15mm 1) Crack 20% or 2) Rutting 10mm
1) Crack 10% or 2) Rutting 10mm Alternative 2(Current
criteria) (KICT,2009) Rutting 20mm 1) Crack 30% or 2) Rutting 15mm
1) Crack 20% or
2) Rutting 10mm Base alternative Alternative 3 Rutting 25mm 1) Crack 35% or
2) Rutting 20mm
1) Crack 25% or 2) Rutting 15mm Alternative 4 Rutting 30mm 1) Crack 40% or
2) Rutting 25mm
1) Crack 30% or 2) Rutting 20mm Maintenance unit costs
(Million KRW/lane/km) 71.31 55.23 40.04
ᱽ⦽ᇥᕾ༉⩶᮹ᩩ⊂✚ᖒᮥ⡍ᰆᔢ┽᪡ᩑĥ⦹۵äᯕᩑǍ᮹
༊ᱢᨱᇡ⧊ࡽ݅Ł❱݉⦹ᩍǎࠥ᮹✚ᖒᮥݡ⢽⦹۵⦹ӹ᮹aᔢ Ǎeᮥอॅᨕ݅᧲⦽ᮁḡᅕᙹᱥఖᮥʑᵡᮝಽ⦽༉⩶᮹ၝqࠥ
ෝ⪶ᯙ⧕ᅕᦹ݅. ᅙᱩᨱᕽ۵1) ᮁḡᅕᙹݡᦩᄥ⡍ᔢᔢ┽ᄡ⪵ŝ ᱶ ၰ ࠥಽᕽእᜅ ᙹᵡ, 2) ࠥಽᔢ┽ᄡ⪵ᨱ ෙ ₉పᬕ⧪ᗮࠥ, ᯕᬊᯱၰᔍ⫭⪹Ğእᬊ᮹ᄡ⪵ŝᱶ, 3) ᮁḡᅕᙹݡᦩᄥᔾᧁᵝʑ እᬊၰĞᱽᖒ, 4) ₉పᗮࠥᄡ⪵ಽᯙ⦽⠙ᯖ᮹ᯝၹ⪵ᨱݡ⧕
Łₑ⧕ ᅕʑಽ ⦽݅.
4.1 ंজࢫକ࣪۩ੲড୨
ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽᱽࡽ⦽ǎ⩶ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᇥᕾ༉⩶ᮡǎࠥෝ
ݡᔢᮝಽ}ၽࡹᨩʑǎࠥ᪡šಉࡽᯱഭॅᮥ᳦⧊⧕ᇥᕾ᪖ᖹᮥ
đᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. ǎࠥ᮹Ʊ☖✚ᖒᮡaᰆ↽ᝁ᮹ࠥಽƱ☖ప☖ĥᩑᅕ (TMS, 2012) ෝ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ⡍ᰆ❭ᗱᗮࠥ۵ǎࠥᱥℕ⡍ᰆᔢ
┽ᯱഭෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᩑǍᵲaᰆ↽ɝᩑǍᯙHan et al. (2012c)᮹
đŝෝₙ᳑⦹ᩡ݅. ⦽⠙, ݡ⢽Ǎeᮥ݉᭥kmಽᖅᱶ⦹ᩡʑভྙ
ᨱࠥ⇽ࡽđŝᨱᱥǎࠥᩑᰆᮥŁಅ⧕ᵝ໕ǎࠥᱥℕෝݡᔢᮝಽ
⦽ ဍ౩ᯕᖹ᮹ ɝᔍ⊹ෝ ᮥ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
Fig. 2. Pavement condition changing history by deterioration indices (a case: base alternative)
Fig. 3. Changing history of roughness (IRI) by maintenance alternatives
Table 6. A relationship between average pavement condition and vehicle operating speed
Alternative Crack (%)
Rutting (mm)
IRI (m/km)
Average vehicle speed (km/h)
Num. of maintenance
Alternative 1 4.96 7.25 3.68 73.81 2
Alternative 2
(Current criteria) 5.45 7.42 3.77 73.69 2
Alternative 3 11.51 9.70 5.00 72.17 1
Alternative 4 14.75 10.79 5.76 71.22 1
Fig. 4. Changing vehicle operating speed by pavement condition (A case: IRI, base alternative)
Fig. 5. Changing socio-environmental costs by pavement condition (A case: IRI, base alternative)
⦽⠙, ᇥᕾݡᦩᮝಽ۵⩥ᰍǎࠥ᮹ᮁḡᅕᙹʑᵡᮥʑᵡݡᦩ (base alternative)ᮝಽᖅᱶ⦹Łӹນḡ3}ݡᦩᮡᅕᙹŖჶᮡ
əݡಽᮁḡ⦹ʑಽ⦹ࡹ, ᮁḡᅕᙹ(ᔢ┽ᱢ)ᱱอᮥᄡĞ⦹ᩍᱢ ᬊ⦹ᩡ݅. ᷪ, ⩥⧪ ᮁḡᅕᙹʑᵡᮥ ᄡĞ⦹໕ ၽᔾ⦹۵ Ğᱽᱢ
⠙ᯖ⪚ᮡᗱᝅᨱݡ⦽ᱲɝᯕŁ⧁ᙹᯩ݅. ᇥᕾ᪖ᖹᮥTable 3~Table 5ᨱ ᧞⦹ᩡ݅.
4.2 କ࣪۩ੲඑୋঃ࣡ฃ
Fig. 2 ᨱᕽ۵⩥⧪ᮁḡᅕᙹݡᦩ(ݡᦩ2)᮹❭ᗱḡ⢽ᄥᔢ┽ᄡ
⪵ŝᱶᮥ ᅕᩍᵝŁ ᯩ݅. ᬑᖁ ݅ᙹ ❭ᗱᗮࠥෝ ᱢᬊ⧉ᨱ
እᖁ⩶ᮝಽ⡍ᰆᔢ┽aᄡ⪵⧉ᮥᅝᙹᯩ݅. Fig. 3ᨱᕽ۵bʑ
݅ෙᅕᙹʑᵡᮥᱢᬊ⧉ᨱ⡍ᰆᔢ┽ᄡ⪵ŝᱶᯕ݅íḥ⧪
ࡹ໕ᕽօ✙ᬭⓍ᮹ᕽእᜅᙹᵡᯕ݅íᮁḡࡹ۵äᮥ⪶ᯙ⧁
ᙹᯩ݅. ⦽⠙, Table 6ᨱᕽ۵ݡᦩᄥօ✙ᬭⓍᙹᵡᨱᕽ᮹⠪Ɂ⡍
ᰆᔢ┽᪡₉పᬕ⧪ᗮࠥෝእƱ⦹Łᯩ۵ߑ, ᅕᙹݡᦩe₉పᬕ⧪
ᗮࠥ᮹ ↽ݡ⠙₉۵ 2.59km/hಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
4.3 ܑߦঃ࣡ฃݗࠛଲୀࢫॷฎฅլण࣡ฃ
⩥⧪ᮁḡᅕᙹʑᵡ(ݡᦩ2)ᮥݡᔢᮝಽ⡍ᰆᔢ┽a₉పᬕ⧪ᗮ
ࠥ᪡ ᯕᬊᯱ ၰ ᔍ⫭⪹Ğእᬊᨱ ၙ⊹۵ ᩢ⨆ᨱ ݡ⧕ ᔕ⠕ᅕ໕
(Fig. 4 ₙ᳑) ᇥᕾʑeԕIRI᮹↽ᗭ-↽ݡ⊹۵1.00~6.50m/kmಽ
ݚ᮹₉పᬕ⧪ᗮࠥ۵bb77.12~70.31km/hᩡ݅. ᯕভ᮹ᬕ⧪
ᗮࠥ᮹⠙₉۵6.81km/hಽᖁ⩶ᄡ⪵ෝaᱶ⦹໕IRI 1.00m/kmݚ
1.24km/haqᗭ⦽݅Łᅝᙹᯩ݅. ᯕ۵ʑ᳕ᩑǍ(Morosiuk et al., 1982; Watanatada, 1981) ᨱᕽbbᱽ⦹Łᯩ۵݉᭥
qᗭప0.62~2.57km/h/IRI᮹ჵ᭥ᨱ⡍⧉ࡽ݅. Fig. 5ᨱᕽ۵IRI ᔢ┽ᨱෙᯕᬊᯱၰᔍ⫭⪹Ğእᬊ᮹ᄡ⪵ŝᱶᨱݡ⧕ᅕᩍᵝŁ
ᯩ݅. ᩎ⡍ᰆᔢ┽ᨱၝq⦹íၹ᮲⦹Łᯩᮝ໑, ᇥᕾʑe
ԕIRI᮹⠙₉a↽ݡaࡹ۵ࢱᱱᨱᕽ᮹ࠥಽᯕᬊᯱၰᔍ⫭⪹
Ğእᬊ᮹₉ᯕෝ݉᭥⪵⦹໕586.13႒อᬱ/km/֥ᮝಽə₉ᯕa
Table 7. LCC in EUAC by alternatives (discount rate 5.5%) (Unit: Million KRW/year)
Alternative Maintenance cost Vehicle operating cost Travel time cost Traffic accident cost Emission cost Total cost
Alternative 1 74.99 14,714.76 16,021.67 2,757.55 5,634.71 39,203.69
Alternative 2 68.59 14,724.17 16,058.13 2,908.17 5,637.46 39,396.52
Alternative 3 23.22 14,815.57 16,404.95 4,739.54 5,662.93 41,646.21
Alternative 4 18.75 14,856.08 16,552.43 5,955.41 5,673.18 43,055.86
Table 8. An economic evaluation by alternative (base alternative = current criteria) (Unit: Million KRW/year)
Alternative Cost Benefit NPV NPV/Cost EUAC* Benefit by unit vehicle speed (per 1km)
Alternative 1 6.40 199.22 192.83 30.14 2,155.20 90.63
Alternative 2 - - - - 2,165.81 -
Alternative 3 -45.37 -2,295.06 -2,249.69 N/A 2,289.54 -81.14
Alternative 4 -49.85 -3,709.19 -3,659.34 N/A 2,367.07 -81.53
Note: *represent the EUAC of total cost in Table 7
ᔢݚ⧉ᮥᙹᯩ݅. ᯕෝᱥℕօ✙ᬭⓍಽ⪶ᰆ┅໕⦽⧕ࠥಽš ญಽ ᮥ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ⠙ᯖ᮹ ⦽ĥჵ᭥ෝ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
4.4 କ࣪۩ੲச׆णࢫլ୪ंজ
ᮁḡᅕᙹݡᦩᄥᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊŝᩩᔑ᮹እᬊ-⬉ᮉᖒᮥᔕ⠕ᅕ ʑಽ⦽݅. ⩥ᰍᮁḡᅕᙹʑᵡ(ݡᦩ2) ݡእ⇵aಽᗭࡹ۵šญ
ᯱእᬊᮥእᬊᮝಽᖅᱶ⦹Łəಽᨕḡ۵ᯕᬊᯱၰᔍ⫭⪹Ğእ ᬊ᮹qᗭᇥᮥ⠙ᯖᮝಽᱶ᮹⦽݅. Ğᱽᖒ⠪aḡ⢽ಽ۵ǎ☁⧕᧲
ᇡḡ⋉ᕽᨱᕽᱽ⦹Łᯩ۵እᬊ⠙ᯖእ(Benefit Cost Ratio)᪡
ᙽ⩥ᰍa⊹(Net Present Value)ෝࠥ⇽⦹Ł, ᩍʑᨱᩩ⊂ࡽእᬊᮥ
ᩑ⠪Ɂ࠺॒a⊹ಽ⢽⩥⦹۵EUAC(Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost)ෝ ⇵aಽ ᯦ࠥ⧕ ᛍᬕ ᯕ⧕ෝ ࠶Łᯱ ⦹ᩡ݅.
Table 7 ŝTable 8ᨱᕽӹ┡ӽၵ᪡zᯕݡᦩ1ᯕᔢݡᱢᮝಽ
ⓑᮁḡᅕᙹእᬊᮥᅕᯕḡอĞᱽᖒᮡaᰆᬑᙹ⦽äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ
݅. ⅾእᬊᮥᩑ⠪Ɂ॒aಽ⢽⩥⦽EUAC᮹Ğᬑ1,060อᬱ/km/
֥᮹⠙ᯖᯕၽᔾ⦹۵äᮝಽᩩ⊂ࡹᨩ݅. ⦽⠙Table 6ᨱᕽݡᦩ
e↽ݡ⠪Ɂᬕ⧪ᗮࠥ᮹₉ᯕ۵2.59kmಽᬕᱥᯱa70km/hಽ
ᵝ⧪Ⓧíᯙḡ⧁อ⦽ᙹᵡᮡᦥܩӹ, ᯕಽᯙ⦽⠙ᯖᮡᬕ⧪ᗮࠥ
1km/hݚᩑe8,114~9,093อᬱᙹᵡᯕ݅. ᯕෝᱥǎǎࠥօ✙ᬭ
Ⓧᩑᰆᯙ11,328.6kmಽ⪹ᔑ⦹໕↽ᗭ9,100ᨖᬱ/֥ᨱᮂၶ⦽݅.
ᯕ۵᪽ᬑญaࠥಽᯱᔑšญᨱᵝ༊⧕⦹۵ḡᨱݡ⦽ᯕᮁෝ
ᖅ⧕ ᵝŁ ᯩ݅.
5. đುၰ⨆⬥ᩑǍ
ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᬑญӹǎࠥᮁḡᅕᙹᝅᱶᨱᱢ⧊⦽⦽ǎ⩶
ᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᇥᕾ༉⩶ᮥ}ၽ⦹ᩍᅕ݅⩥ᝅᱢᯙ᮹ᔍđᱶᮥ࠶
Łᯱ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯱʑ⪵ࡽᇥᕾᜅ▽}ၽ᮹⧖ᝍᮡࠥಽ❭ᗱŝᱶ
ၰᔾᧁᵝʑእᬊᩩ⊂༉⩶᮹ǎԕ⪵, ǎࠥᮁḡᅕᙹᝅᱶ᮹ၹᩢ,
༉⩶⪽ᬊ᮹ᬊᯕᖒ⪶ᅕəญŁࠥಽ⡍ᰆᔢ┽ෝɝÑಽ⦽ᔾᧁᵝ ʑእᬊ༉⩶᮹ᱽ⧁ᙹᯩ݅. ᯕෝ᭥⧕ᬑญӹƱ☖ᖅ⚍ᯱ
⠪aḡ⋉᮹ԕᬊᮥ∊ᝅ⯩ၹᩢ⦹ࡹ, ࠥಽᯱᔑšญ}ֱŝᬑญӹ
ǎࠥᮁḡšญ⩥ᝅᨱᇡᱢ⧊⦽ᔍ⧎ॅᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵ᰍᱶ᮹, ᙹᱶ,
⇵a॒᮹᯲ᨦᮥ☖⧕ᇥᕾ༉⩶᮹✡ŝᖙᇡ༉⩶ᮥᱶ᮹⦹ᩡ݅.
ᔍಡᇥᕾᮝಽ۵ǎࠥ᮹⠪Ɂᱢ✚ᖒᮥaḥaᔢǍeᨱ݅᧲⦽
ᮁḡᅕᙹݡᦩ(⩥⧪ʑᵡ⡍⧉)ᮥᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᱽᦩ༉⩶᮹ᩩ⊂✚ᖒᮥ
