Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
Journal of Forest and Environmental Science Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 288-296, November, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.288
Study of Urban Land Cover Changes Relative to Demographic and Residential Form Changes: A Case Study of Wonju City, Korea
Gab-Soo Han1,* and Mintai Kim2
1Department of Environmental Landscape Architecture, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
2School of Architecture and Design, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
Abstract
In many very high density cities in Asia in which there is limited area to expand, growth is forced upward as well as outward. Densely packed detached houses and low-rise buildings are replaced by lower density high-rises, leaving open spaces between high-rise buildings. Through this process, areas that formerly did not have much green space gain valuable green spaces, and new ecological corridors and patches are created. In this study, the demographic and housing-type changes of Wonju City were delineated using land use maps, aerial images, census data, and other administrative data. Green area changes were calculated using land cover data derived from multi-year Landsat TM satellite imagery.
The values were then compared against demographic and housing-type changes for each administrative unit. The overall results showed a decrease of forested area in the city and an increase of developed area. Urban sprawl was clearly visible in many of the suburban areas. However, as expected, we also detected areas in which greenness did not decrease when the population greatly increased. These areas were characterized by residential building complexes of ten or more stories. If an equal number of housing units had been built as detached houses, these areas would not have kept as much green space. Our research result showed that high-density and high-rise residential structures can offer an alternative means to protect or create urban green spaces in high-density urban environments.
Key Words: Landsat TM data, land cover, population, housing type, high-rise
Received: April 16, 2015. Revised: August 3, 2015. Accepted: August 19, 2015.
Corresponding author: Gab-Soo Han
Department of Environmental Landscape Architecture, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea Tel: 82-33-640-2477, Fax: 82-33-640-2359, E-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
Population growth has a great impact on land use in a city and sometimes requires a changes in land use regu- lation and zoning (Choi 1998; Kang 2000; Ok 2000; Park and Seo 2009; Kim and Moon 2011). Some earlier studies have reported that urban population growth brings about the expansion of urban areas and that, due to this expansion, existing forests and ecological environments have been de- stroyed or reduced (Suh and Kim 2010; Hung et al. 2010;
Eum et al. 2011; Pax-Lenney et al. 2011). The forests and grasslands that are dispersed within cities are an indis- pensable element for the maintenance of healthy flora, fau- na, and ecosystems in the cities. Forests and grasslands function as habitats for animals and plants, and provide people with pleasant urban environments, by improving microclimates, improving safety by prevention crime, and offering recreation activities (Kim 1997; Kwon et al. 2003, 2004; Shin et al. 2003; Korea Forest Service 2007).
A number of studies have been conducted to date that
address the two issues of urban growth and pleasant urban environments simultaneously. In particular, several argu- ments have been raised about urban growth and subsequent urban space configuration. Emphasizing concentrated and high-rise construction to accommodate soaring popula- tions, Le Corbusier (1980) argued for addressing urban problems through high floor-to-area ratios and low build- ing coverage. Howard (2008) and Perry (1998) attempted to solve the problems caused by urban growth through the development of relatively small-scale housing environ- ments. In general, population growth requires more land for housing and more support facilities, and large green areas are taken to secure space for them. It is assumed that relatively flat urban growth and population influx is possi- ble in large countries; in small countries with a high pop- ulation, however, three-dimensional cities with relatively high densities are generally developed.
In Korea, the population has increased significantly with economic growth since the 1970s. The government has been promoting the construction of residential building com- plexes to solve the housing problems that have come with the population increase. High-rise residential building com- plexes of ten or more stories (HRCs) are one approach used in contemporary cities (Shin and Park 1993; Sohn and Kang 2001; Yoon and Lee 2007; Lee and Suh 2008; Yi et al.
2008). The goal of this study is to examine the impact on land use caused by population growth in Wonju City.
Wonju is one of the major cities in Gangwon Province and has seen urban growth increase in comparison with other cities because of its geography and national policies. The city has recently been designated by the state as a corporate city and innovative city, and there are plans to move state agen- cies there. As a result, it is predicted that population growth and urban change will increase dramatically in the future.
In anticipation of these future changes in Wonju City, it is useful to acquire the information now that will help us understand, in particular, how housing environments caused by population growth affect urban land cover. The purposes of this study were (i) to identify landcover changes in the study area, (ii) to analyze the characteristics of the population and the construction of high-rise housing, and (iii) to determine the relationship between population increases and the construction of HRCs and resulting ur- ban land cover change.
Materials and Methods
Study area
Wonju is approximately 110 km from Seoul, and located at the center of the country. As a major city of Gangwon Province, it is a transportation hub, with Yongdong and Joonang highways passing through it east-to-west and north-to-south, respectively. The city was integrated with Wonju-gun in 1995. It covers a land area of 866.7 km2 and the city is composed of 16 dongs, 1 eup, and 8 myeons. The area relevant to city planning was 65.9 km2 in 1995 and in- creased to 87.4 km2 by 2013 (Wonju 2015). Residential areas increased by 9.3 km2, from 15.1 km2 to 24.4 km2. Green areas increased by 13.9 km2 from 40.0 km2 to 53.9 km2, whereas commercial and industrial areas increased by 0.8 km2 and 3.3 km2, respectively.
Data and method
In this research, changing urban land cover was exam- ined through an analysis of a time series of satellite images, using Geographic Information System (ArcGIS 9.3) and Remote Sensing (Erdas Imaging 9.0). Data collected for the research included Landsat TM satellite images for 1994, 2006, and 2013; numerical maps; ecological maps;
digital administrative maps; and local statistics for pop- ulation, buildings, and land use. Landsat TM satellite im- ages were collected from USGS (2014). Numerical maps were produced by National Geographic Information Insti- tute as digitized map location information and spatial in- formation in digital form. Ecological maps with land cover and forest types were collected from the Ministry of Envi- ronment for 2001 and 2007.
Geometric correction was performed on satellite image data with the digital map, and a land cover map was created, using a classification system that extracted the Wonju area data. Six bands (all except band 6) of each satellite image data were used with a resolution of 30 m. The land cover maps produced were modified partially using ecological map. GIS programs were used for the analysis of land cover in each administrative area, and for area calculations. The administrative areas of Wonju have been integrated and separated several times; in this research, however, the analy- sis has been carried out for integrated areas in the first instance. Separated areas have been classified as "adminis-
Table 1. Land cover change from 1994 to 2013 in Wonju
Name 1994 2006 2013
F G U W F G U W F G U W
Dong
Bangokgwanseol 12.4 8.0 0.6 - 12.0 7.8 1.1 - 10.7 5.9 4.4 -
Bongsan 3.8 2.8 0.6 - 3.7 2.9 0.7 - 3.4 3.1 0.8 -
Dangu 0.9 1.7 1.3 - 0.6 1.3 2.0 - 0.5 1.0 2.4 -
Dangye 1.3 1.4 1.4 - 1.1 1.3 1.8 - 0.9 1.0 2.3 -
Gaeun - 0.2 0.8 - - 0.2 0.9 - - 0.1 0.9 -
Haenggu 9.0 4.4 0.1 - 8.7 4.6 0.2 - 8.1 4.9 0.6 -
Ilsan - 0.1 0.6 - - 0.1 0.7 - - 0.1 0.7 -
Joonganghakseong 0.1 1.1 1.4 - 0.1 1.1 1.4 - - 1.0 1.6 -
Musil 3.7 4.6 0.3 - 3.3 3.9 1.4 - 2.9 3.7 2.0 -
Myeongnyun 0.2 0.8 0.8 - 0.2 0.6 1.1 - 0.2 0.4 1.3 -
Taejang 4.2 4.9 1.7 - 3.9 4.8 2.1 - 3.3 5.0 2.5 -
Usan 2.9 3.7 1.9 0.1 2.7 3.7 2.1 0.1 2.4 3.6 2.6 0.1
Wonin - 0.1 0.4 - - 0.1 0.4 - - - 0.4 -
Eup
Munmak 70.6 27.7 2.0 3.6 68.3 28.5 3.4 3.7 65.0 30.3 4.8 3.8
Myeon
Buron 60.0 19.0 0.3 3.3 59.1 19.7 0.4 3.3 56.2 22.2 0.9 3.2
Gwirae 60.4 10.9 0.3 0.1 59.3 11.8 0.4 0.1 57.6 13.0 0.8 0.2
Heungeop 44.5 13.9 0.5 0.2 43.2 14.4 1.2 0.3 41.6 15.1 2.1 0.3
Hojeo 53.3 21.4 0.5 1.6 51.4 22.6 1.1 1.6 48.9 24.2 2.0 1.7
Jijeong 68.1 18.4 0.5 2.7 64.8 21.3 0.9 2.7 59.6 23.8 3.6 2.7
Panbu 61.1 6.6 0.2 0.1 60.5 7.0 0.5 0.1 59.6 7.6 0.8 0.1
Sillim 112.8 14.2 0.7 - 112.2 14.7 0.8 - 110.4 15.9 1.3 -
Socho 77.3 22.6 1.9 0.6 75.6 23.7 2.6 0.6 72.2 26.0 3.7 0.6
Total 646.7 188.5 19.1 12.4 630.7 196.1 27.3 12.6 603.6 208.1 42.3 12.7
Note: F is forest; G is grass; U is urban; W is water. Unit is km2.
Fig. 1. Administrative area of Wonju city.
trative areas prior to separation" and then analyzed (Fig. 1).
The construction periods for collective residential housing were traced through statistical yearbooks, and the number of buildings and households in each area was identified.
Results and Discussion
Land cover changes
From 1994 to 2013, The total urban area of Wonju in- creased by 23.2 km2 from 19.1 km2 to 42.3 km2 (Table 1).
This is equivalent to 2.7% of the total area of Wonju. In contrast, forests were reduced by 43.1 km2, from 646.7 km2 to 603.6 km2. Grasslands increased from 188.5 km2 to 208.1 km2. The percentage of land cover in forests, grass- lands, and urban areas in Wonju was 74.6%, 21.7%, and
Fig. 2. Land cover changes from 1994 to 2013. GC is golf course; MB is military bases; IC and BC are construction areas for Innovation city and Business city;
JH and YH are Joongang and Yeongdong highway.
Fig. 3. Changes in land cover ratio by administrative area.
2.2%, respectively in 1994; and it changed to 69.6%, 24.0%, and 4.9% in 2013. Urban areas increased by 2.7%, whereas forests decreased by 5.0%.
The increase in urban areas was most significant in Jijeong (3.1 km2) and Munmak-eup (2.8 km2). In the case of dongs, the urban area of Bangokgwanseol-dong increased by 3.8 km2, followed by Musil- dong (1.7 km2) and Dangu-dong (1.1 km2). Significant increase of urban areas in Jijeong-myeon and Bangokgwanseol-dong are due to new construction for the business city and innovative city (Fig. 2). In the case of Dangu-dong, Myeongnyun-dong and Dangye-dong, urban areas increased 26.1-20.1% from 1994 to 2013. This suggests that more than half of the areas became urbanized from current urban area. Meanwhile, an analysis of the reduction in forest areas caused by the in- crease in urban areas demonstrated that forests, especially in Jijeong-myeon and Socho- myeon, were reduced (by 8.5 km2 and 5.1 km2 respectively). Changes in land cover in- dicate that the increase in urban areas and grasslands are closely related to the reduction in forests.
Grassland has been generally reduced in dong areas but increased in myeon area. In the case of Jijeong-myeon and Socho-myeon, grass areas were significantly increased by construction of golf courses (Fig. 3). It also appears that road development had a significant impact on land cover change, because Hojeo-myeon is located at the intersection of Joongang and Yeongdong highways, which were con- structed during this period. Similarly, it appears that land cover change in Munmak-eup was due to various develop-
ments that occurred because of its proximity to multiple highways. An analysis shows that this was due to Wonju’s policy of developing new residential areas and securing the necessary facilities.
Population change
The population of Wonju was 231,227 in 1994 and 327,381 in 2013; it increased by 96,154 during the period
Table 2. Population change in each administrative area
Name
No. of households and population
Amount of change
1994 2006 2013
H P H P H P H P
Dong
Bangokgwanseol 1,554 5,628 4,764 12,738 7,920 20,578 6,366 14,950
Bongsan 2,999 10,321 4,622 12,524 4,378 10,581 1,379 260
Dangu 4,776 16,926 14,809 42,745 18,210 48,484 13,434 31,558
Dangye 6,557 23,398 7,854 22,031 9,484 24,485 2,927 1,087
Gaeun 4,545 15,538 4,076 11,316 5,655 14,955 1,110 -583
Haenggu 488 1,751 1,814 5,151 3,015 8,502 2,527 6,751
Ilsan 3,247 10,590 3,812 9,630 4,027 9,144 780 -1,446
Joonganghakseong 5,244 16,807 4,750 11,474 4,569 9,501 -675 -7,306
Musil 426 1,577 7,087 19,544 11,876 31,060 11,450 29,483
Myeongnyun 8,890 30,093 11,604 32,618 12,010 30,104 3,120 11
Taejang 6,429 22,210 12,321 37,036 14,649 37,835 8,220 15,625
Usan 5,032 16,165 4,750 6,105 5,943 13,662 911 -2,503
Wonin 2,809 9,228 3,335 8,480 3,072 6,882 263 -2,346
Eup
Munmak 3,692 12,544 7,020 18,972 8,138 20,116 4,446 7,572
Myeon
Buron 861 2,763 1,220 2,824 1,248 2,554 387 -209
Gwirae 1,162 4,020 927 2,188 999 2,059 -163 -1,961
Heungeop 1,231 4,230 2,940 6,598 4,174 8,434 2,943 4,204
Hojeo 1,567 5,559 1,881 4,826 1,918 4,316 351 -1,243
Jijeong 1,213 3,924 1,452 3,659 1,382 3,158 169 -766
Panbu 814 2,860 2,353 5,479 3,375 7,121 2,561 4,261
Sillim 1,485 4,980 1,689 4,045 1,904 3,937 419 -1,043
Socho 2,912 10,115 4,033 10,569 4,251 9,913 1,339 -202
Total 67,933 231,227 109,113 290,552 132,197 327,381 64,264 96,154
Note: H is households; P is population.
(Table 2). At the dong level, the population increased in sev- en dongs and decreased in six. Population growth was most significant in Musil-dong, where the population increased by 29,483, from 1,577 to 31,060 (a growth rate of approx- imately 1,869.6%). In other words, more than nineteen times the population moved into these areas over the 20-year period. Dangu-dong also more than doubled in population from 1994 to 2013.
Meanwhile, the population decreased in Junganghak- seong-dong, Usan-dong, and Ilsan-dong by 43.5%, 15.5%, and 13.7% respectively. The decrease in Usan-dong can be attributed to the industrial parks and university sites widely distributed in the area. The reason for the population de- crease in Junganghakseong-dong, which had no significant
change although it was located at the center of the urban area, is that military bases are currently widely distributed in the area. At the eup and myeon level, the population decreased in six myeons, including Buron-myeon and Sillim-myeon, and increased in one eup and two myeons, including Munmak- eup, Panbu-myeon, and Heungeop- myeon. The areas that have had significant population growth are characteristically close to dong areas and adjacent to highways.
Recently, there has been population growth in relatively remote areas and areas that are distant from urban centers.
This is assumed to be due the development of new resi- dential complexes in these areas. Although located far from city centers, these areas are close to highways. The analysis shows that almost all the newly constructed towns were cre-
Table 3. Trends in the construction of HRCs
Name
No. of building and households per year
Total
1979-1994 1995-2006 2007-2012
B H B H B H B H
Dong
Bangokgwanseol - - 23 2,530 29 2,066 52 4,596
Bongsan 1 139 17 1,667 - - 18 1,806
Dangu 22 1,224 110 10,232 13 892 145 12,348
Dangye 70 4,144 15 1,424 18 1,282 103 6,850
Gaeun 11 752 15 1,632 16 1,031 42 3,415
Haenggu - - 11 1,154 19 1,097 30 2,251
Ilsan 11 729 3 453 - - 14 1,182
Joonganghakseong 15 1,096 3 238 - - 18 1,334
Musil - - 47 3,807 54 3,877 101 7,684
Myeongnyun 77 5,938 41 2,907 - - 118 8,845
Taejang 31 1,922 79 7,768 15 1,044 125 10,734
Usan 17 987 - - 28 1,518 45 2,505
Wonin 41 1,410 5 751 - - 46 2,161
Eup
Munmak 27 1,780 32 2,765 20 1,325 79 5,870
Myeon 9 627
Heungeop - - 13 1,586 - - 22 2,213
Hojeo - - 2 120 - - 2 120
Panbu - - 15 1,060 - - 15 1,060
Socho 7 497 15 753 - - 22 1,250
Total 330 20,618 446 40,847 221 14,759 997 76,224
Note: B is building; H is households.
ated by developments in urban green space.
Construction of HRCs
In Wonju, HRCs have been built since 1979 (Table 3).
A total of 997 HRCs (76,224 households) were built from 1979 to 2012. From 1979 to 1994, 330 HRCs (20,618 households) were built, which corresponds to an annual average of 20.6 HRCs (1,288.6 households). From 1995 to 2006, 446 HRCs (70,847 households) were built, or an an- nual average of 40.5 buildings (3,713.4 households). From 2007 to 2012, 221 HRCs (14,759 households) were built, corresponding to an annual average of 36.8 (2,459.8 house- holds) buildings. In particular, 100 HRCs (7,834 house- holds) and 93 HRCs (6,139 households) were built in 1997 and 2006, respectively. It can be seen that HRCs have been constantly under construction until recently. Households in Wonju totaled 67,933 in 1994. This means that 30.4% of all
residents were living in an apartment. The resident pop- ulation ratio of HRCs has gradually increased from 56.3%
in 2006 to 58.4% in 2012. This means that a majority of citizens now live in HRCs.
During the period 1979-2012, construction records of apartment buildings indicate that, 145 (11,456 house- holds), 125 (10,734 households), and 118 (8,845 house- holds) apartment buildings were constructed in Dangu- dong, Taejang-dong, and Myeongnyun-dong, respectively.
All of these areas had high population growth in the period.
More collective housing facilities were developed in these areas than in others. Calculated on the basis of 2.5 people per household, it seems that collective housing has accom- modated most of the population increase. In Munmak-eup the population growth during the same period was 7,572, while 41 apartment buildings (3,392 households) were con- structed, which suggests that this construction was carried
Table 4. Changes in the size of forest area per capita
Name Forest area per capita (m2) Amount of change
1994 2006 2013
Dong
Bangokgwanseol 2,204.6 944.2 714.4 -1,490.2 Bongsan 371.0 292.6 137.0 -234.0
Dangu 50.5 13.9 11.1 -39.4
Dangye 54.4 50.0 29.3 -25.1
Gaeun 0.6 0.6 0.1 -0.5
Haenggu 5,157.7 1,687.5 395.2 -4,762.5
Ilsan 3.1 2.7 1.5 -1.6
Joonganghakseong 5.6 4.5 2.0 -3.6
Musil 2,358.8 168.1 420.6 -1,938.2
Myeongnyun 7.9 5.7 18.0 10.1
Taejang 188.6 104.4 343.7 155.2
Usan 180.1 441.7 62.5 -117.6
Wonin 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.1
Eup
Munmak 5,624.6 3,600.9 3,233.3 -2,391.3 Myeon
Buron 21,711.8 20,935.5 27,299.4 5,587.6 Gwirae 15,016.6 27,121.6 22,570.4 7,553.8 Heungeop 10,519.8 6,544.3 4,201.3 -6,318.5 Hojeo 9,581.8 10,654.1 12,426.6 2,844.8 Jijeong 17,359.0 17,714.8 18,868.8 1,509.8 Panbu 21,371.9 11,044.2 8,369.1 -13,002.8 Sillim 22,656.7 27,731.4 25,589.5 2,932.8 Socho 7,646.9 7,150.3 8,556.8 909.9 out for the purpose of accommodating the population of other areas, or future population growth, rather than to house Munmak- eup’s own population. Construction of HRCs has been increased according to the expansion of urbanized area, and has a tendency to gradually spread to the outer areas of the city center (Fig. 3).
Impact on urban area
An examination of the patterns of land cover change from population growth indicates that in Haenggu-dong, where the population increased most significantly, forest areas were reduced by 4,762.5 m2 per capita; in Musil- dong, it was reduced by 1,938.2 m2 (Table 4). In Munmak-eup, where population growth was most sig- nificant among the myeon areas, it was reduced by 2,391.3 m2; and in Panbu-myeon and Heungeop-myeon, it was re- duced by 13,002.8 m2 and 6,318.5 m2, respectively. This
suggests that population growth leads to a reduction in green areas; however, increases in population growth and urbanized areas are not proportional (Table 5). In other words, the size of urban areas does not increase in pro- portion to the volume of the population increase. Populat- ion change had higher correlations with apartment building and household increases (Table 6). However, it showed no correlation with population increase and urban area increase. This is due to the influence of residential form. If an equal number of housing units had been built as de- tached houses, these areas would not have kept as much green space.
In dong areas, while population growth led to urban area increase, its impact on land cover was less significant than in myeon areas. In Korea, HRCs have been widely built in order to accommodate rapid population growth on limited land, or to meet residents’ housing preferences (Yang 1995;
Im and Kim 2001). This has triggered high-rise and high-density urban housing. In Wonju, similarly, it appears that a number of the apartments that were built in dong areas were housing for the increased population.
The impact of population growth on land cover is more significant in locations at the outskirts of urban areas (that is, myeon areas) than in the urban areas themselves, even though the growth in myeon areas is less significant than in urban areas. In general, as populations increase, cities ex- pand through the presence of housing and support facilities. This soon has an impact on land cover. This is be- cause in myeon areas, construction of HRCs is generally regulated; low-rise housing is preferred to high-rise hous- ing as a lifestyle choice (Lee 2010; Chun and Oh 2013). In other words, in dong areas, mainly high-density, high-rise residential buildings are constructed, because the areas are located in city centers; thus, the reduction of green areas is relatively insignificant. If as many single houses were con- structed as the number of households in these areas, rela- tively large areas of open space would be required. This suggests that housing types have an impact on the reduction of green areas. The development of commercial or in- dustrial areas is affected by the location and value of the land more than other uses; thus, space for construction is limited. In residential areas, in comparison, a wide range of land can be used. Therefore, this issue needs to be consid- ered at a policy level in urban planning.
Table 5. Population and forest area changes from 1994 to 2013
Name Population Green area (m2) HRC (m2)
Persons Ratio Area Area per capita Building Households
Dong
Bangokgwanseol 8,178 121 -3,367,209 -1,358.9 52 4,596
Bongsan 10,614 77 -965,579 -174.5 17 1,667
Dangu 36,413 302 -630,328 -85.6 123 11,124
Dangye 23,391 348 -902,631 -236.6 33 2,706
Gaeun 15,725 103 -20,992 -1.4 31 2,663
Haenggu 18,595 938 -2,028,839 -4,729.3 30 2,251
Ilsan -2,042 -16 -23,800 -1.6 3 453
Joonganghakseong -10,542 -44 -293,071 -11.2 3 238
Musil 4,827 235 -1,788,441 -1,858.3 101 7,684
Myeongnyun -606 -6 -161,611 -15.5 41 2,907
Taejang -8,283 -47 -1,761,608 61.0 94 8,812
Usan 18,672 97 -949,500 -110.4 28 1,518
Wonin -1,303 -13 -7,159 -0.7 5 751
Eup - -
Munmak 10,574 111 -8,814,832 -4,506.8 52 4,090
Myeon - -
Buron -3,584 -64 -5,843,027 16,303.0 - -
Gwirae -1,177 -32 -4,932,534 5,798.1 - -
Heungeop 4,405 80 -5,308,637 -4,323.8 22 2,213
Hojeo -3,092 -44 -7,058,926 4,462.1 2 120
Jijeong -2,146 -40 -10,937,210 5,572.3 - -
Panbu 3,705 108 -3,654,341 -10,146.9 15 1,060
Sillim -2,674 -38 -6,370,579 8,877.8 - -
Socho -1,716 -17 -10,157,671 445.9 15 753
Table 6. Correlation between land cover and changes in population and HRC
Classification Population HRC
Urban area Households Persons Households Buildings
Land cover change Correlation 0.223 0.618* 0.294 0.287 -0.651*
Sig. 0.319 0.002 0.184 0.195 0.001
N 22 22 22 22 22
Population change Correlation 0.297 1.000 0.445** 0.437** -0.182
Sig. 0.179 - 0.038 0.042 0.418
N 22 22 22 22 22
*p＜0.01, **p＜0.05.
Conclusions
In this research, we analyzed the characteristics of changes in land cover from population growth, by drawing on an ex- amination of land cover and population changes in Wonju through a time series of satellite images. We were able to
verify that as a population increases, urban areas increase and grasslands decrease. The increase in urban areas also has an impact on the reduction of forest areas. Generally, it has been assumed that as a population increases, urban areas also increase, or increase proportionally. However, we were also able to verify that, when housing to accommodate
population growth is located in areas with high population densities, residential building complexes of ten or more sto- ries can largely prevent forests from being converted into urban areas. The analysis also demonstrated that rates of forest destruction are higher when the population increases in areas of low population density. Thus, the destruction of forest areas may be reduced in the future, if medium-den- sity housing is expanded by deregulation of the low-density housing policy. Future research will be necessary to create urban areas that limit the destruction of green areas and grasslands, and do not inhibit their ecological functions.
Acknowledgement
This study was carried out with the support of ‘2012 Long-term Overseas dispatch study’ funded by Gangneung- Wonju National University.
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