Report Annual 2015

Annual

2015

Report

ii

The Latin American Program fosters new research, sponsors high-level public and private meetings among a broad range of stakeholders, and explores policy options to improve the quality of life of citizens throughout the Americas. Drawing on the Wilson Center’s strength as the nation’s key non-partisan forum, the Program serves as a trusted source of analysis and a vital point of contact between the worlds of scholarship and action. It aims to inform the most critical debates of the day and propose innovative solutions to the region’s most vexing challenges.

The Latin American Program

Staff

Cynthia J. Arnson, Director Eric L. Olson, Associate Director Verónica Colón-Rosario, Associate Christine Zaino, Associate

Karina Ana Peña, Assistant

@LatamProg

facebook.com/LatinAmericanProgram www.wilsoncenter.org/lap

Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza

1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20004-3027

Cover Photo: Cartagena Colombia, Pedro Szekely

For the second year in a row, the Woodrow Wilson Center was named the “Top Think Tank to Watch”

by the University of Pennsylvania’s annual survey of think tanks around the world. The Latin American Program was very much a part of that success. The depth and breadth of our programming, timely and substantive publications, and extensive media presence have made us a vital point of contact between the worlds of scholarship and action. Embedded in a global Center, we are uniquely placed to analyze and communicate Latin America’s place in an ever-changing international context.

In addition to events held in Washington, we have partnered with institutions in Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico, and Peru to organize fora on citizen security, taxation and equality, and climate change adaptation. Institutional partners in 2014-15 have included the Inter-American Development Bank, Latin American Development Bank (CAF), World Bank, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Fedesarrollo (Colombia), Programa Estado de la Nación (Costa Rica), Idea Internacional, El País, NTN24, Tecnológico de Monterrey, and the U.S. Agency for International Development. Such alliances expand our reach and reflect our influence as a partner of choice for high- level, substantive discussion of key issues on the public agenda. Over the past year, the Latin American Program has also joined with other Wilson Center programs to foster high-level policy dialogues over the implications of falling oil prices, China-Latin American relations, climate change adaptation and fostering the rule of law.

This past year our reports and written content have reached a print and on-line audience numbering in the tens of thousands, and we have extended this global dialogue with an active social media presence.

The Latin American Program leads the Wilson Center in the length of time viewers spend accessing the video content on our website. Our social media presence has increased by 220 percent in comparison to last year. Program staff are frequently quoted in major media—the Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, New York Times, El Tiempo and Semana (Colombia), La Tercera (Chile), Clarín (Argentina), AP, EFE, and other wire services; and are frequent guests on National Public Radio, NTN24, CNN en Español, Univision, and RCN, among others. We have organized special media briefings on the normalization of relations between the United States and Cuba, China and Latin America, the crisis of unaccompanied minors from Central America, and the Summit of the Americas. Program staff testified three times in the U.S. Congress in the past year and briefed literally dozens of U.S. officials and members of congressional staff on a range of hemispheric issues, from Venezuela to Colombia to Central America. We are featured speakers at events around the United States and region, including the World Economic Forum-Latin America, Aspen Institute Congressional Program, The White House, Council on Foreign Relations, Organization of American States, Foro Santo Domingo, U.S. Southern Command, Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, Centro Nacional de Reconciliación y Reparación (Colombia), and Fundación RAP (Argentina). We have also briefed private sector representatives from major U.S., Latin American, and European firms.

This report reflects our activities in the core areas of Democratic Governance, Trade and Economics, Foreign Policy and International Relations, Citizen Security, Energy and the Environment, and Border/

Migration issues. We welcome your suggestions and are grateful for your support.

Cynthia J. Arnson, Ph.D.

Director

Letter from the Director

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Advisory Board

Latin American Program

Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

Chair

Vice Chairs

Founding Chair

Board Members

The Honorable Marisol Argueta, World Economic Forum USA (El Salvador) Mr. Carlos Basombrío, Capital Humano y Social S.A. (Peru)

The Honorable Lázaro Cárdenas Batel, former governor, Michoacán (Mexico) Mr. Carlos Fernando Chamorro, Confidencial (Nicaragua)

Dr. Margaret Crahan, Columbia University (United States) The Honorable Jeffrey Davidow, The Cohen Group (United States) Dr. Augusto de la Torre, The World Bank (Ecuador)

Dr. Richard Feinberg, University of California, San Diego (United States)

Dr. Rafael Fernández de Castro, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, ITAM (Mexico) Ms. María Eugenia Garcés-Campagna, Fundación AlvarAlice (Colombia)

Dr. Enrique García, Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina (CAF) (Bolivia)

Dr. Merilee Grindle, David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard University (United States) Dr. Frances Hagopian, Harvard University (United States)

The Honorable Hector E. Morales, Baker & McKenzie (United States)

The Honorable Luis Alberto Moreno, Inter-American Development Bank (Colombia) The Honorable Heraldo Muñoz, Foreign Minister (Chile) (on leave as of March 2014) Dr. Guillermo Perry, Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)

Ms. Renate Rennie, The Tinker Foundation (United States)

Dr. Riordan Roett, The Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (United States) Dr. Roberto Russell, Universidad Torcuato di Tella (Argentina)

Dr. Cristián Samper, Wildlife Conservation Society (Colombia, United States) Mr. Ken Sawyer, Saints Capital (United States)

Mr. Edward Schumacher-Matos, The Fletcher School, Tufts University (United States) Dr. Maria Hermínia Tavares de Almeida, Centro Brasileiro de Análise e Planejamento (Brazil) Dr. Augusto Varas, Fundación Equitas (Chile)

The Honorable Alexander Watson, Hills and Company (United States) Dr. Alexander Wilde (United States)

Dr. Daniel Zovatto, International IDEA (Costa Rica and Argentina)

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A YEAR AT A GLANCE

Events

Number of Events:

49

Cosponsoring Organizations:

54

Institutions outside the Wilson Center: Inter-American Development Bank, Latin American Development Bank (CAF), The World Bank, International Monetary Fund, IDEA Internacional, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, USAID, McLarty Associates, Institute of International Education, Georgia State University, Fabretto Children’s Foundation, FormarHub Foundation, Results for Development Institute, NTN24, El País, Fedesarrollo, Programa Estado de La Nación (Costa Rica), La Nación, International Republican Institute (IRI), National Democratic Institute (NDI), United States Institute of Peace, Atlantic Council, Council of the Americas, Organization of American States, Inter-American Dialogue, FLASCO- Costa Rica, FLASCO-EL Salvador, International Development Research Centre (Canada), American University, Ministerio de Seguridad de la Presidencia de la Nación en Salta Argentina, Ministerio de Seguridad del Gobierno de la Provincia de Salta, IEPADES, Latin America Public Opinion Project (LAPOP), Instituto Technológico de Monterrey, Comisión Centroamericana de Ambiente y Desarrollo (CCAD)

Wilson Center Programs: Mexico Institute, Brazil Institute, Global Sustainability and Resilience Program, China Environment Program, Kissinger Institute on China and the United States, Asia Program, Environmental Change and Security Program, Canada Institute, Africa Program, Kennan Institute, Middle East Program

Publications

Number of Publications:

22

Media Relations

Media Citations:

253

The Wall Street Journal; The New York Times; El Tiempo; Bloomberg; Al Jazeera America; The Miami Herald; NTN24; El País; Fox News Latino; CCTV America; Americas Quarterly; CNN; BBC Mundo; TIME;

RCN Radio; NPR; Semana; Noticias Caracol; Businessweek; Infolatam; La Nación Argentina; Global Post;

La Tercera; MPR News; Associated Press; El Mercurio; La Prensa; El Espectador; France 24; Noticias RCN;

Washington Post; Reuters; Telemundo; The Washington Times; CSPAN; Voice of America; NBC News;

Razón Pública; EFE; China Daily; Tico Times, among others.

PROGRAMMING

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3 National and regional elections are moments that bring into sharp relief the most salient

challenges facing a nation, including strengthening government capacity, systems of transparency and accountability, social inclusion, and human rights.

This year’s programming, published work, speaking engagements, and media outreach on democratic governance focused primarily on the 2014-15 elections cycle, the peace process in Colombia, and democracy in Venezuela.

Events

June 9, 2015

The Honorable Juan Gabriel Valdés, Ambassador of Chile to the U.S.

Combatting Corruption and Building the Rule of Law in the Americas

Alejandro Ponce, World Justice Project; Carlos Fernando Chamorro, Confidencial, Nicaragua; Eduardo Bohórquez, Transparencia Mexicana;

Paulo Sotero, Brazil Institute, Wilson Center; Daniel Zovatto, IDEA Internacional, Costa Rica

Hemispheric Relations in Leaner Times:

What is the Path Forward?

Ambassador Gil Rishchynski, Ambassador of Canada to the United Nations; Roberto Russell, Universidad Torcuato di Tella, Argentina;

Richard Feinberg, University of California, San Diego; Cynthia Arnson, Latin American Program

The Honorable Roberta Jacobson, Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs

May 4, 2015

Co-sponsors: USAID, Institute of International Education, Georgia State University

Public Opinion and the Peace Process in Colombia

Ryan Carlin, Georgia State University; Jennifer McCoy, Georgia State University; Jelena Subotic, Georgia State University; Alejandro Eder, former Director, Colombian Reintegration Agency (ACR); Kimberly Theidon, Tufts University and Woodrow Wilson Center Fellow

Democratic Governance

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March 9, 2015

Co-sponsors:

Fabretto Children’s Foundation, FormarHub Foundation, Results for Development

Institute

Investing in Education

Kevin Marinacci, Fabretto Children’s Foundation; Nicholas Burnett, Results for Development Institute (R4D); Emiliana Vegas, Chief, Education Department, Inter-American Development Bank; Gabriel Sánchez-Zinny, FormarHub Foundation

February 10, 2015

Co-sponsors: IDEA Internacio- nal, NTN24, El País

Latin America’s Electoral Cycle 2014−15

Harry Brown Araúz, United Nations Development Program, (Panamá);

Evelyn Villarreal, Programa Estado de la Nación (Costa Rica); José Rubén Zamora, El Periódico (Guatemala); Héctor Silva Ávalos,

Journalist and Blogger (El Salvador); Daniel Zovatto, IDEA Internacional;

Paula Lugones, Clarín (Argentina); David Altman, Universidad Católica de Chile (Uruguay); Rossana Castiglioni, Universidad Diego Portales (Chile); Matthew Taylor, American University and Wilson Center Fellow (Brazil); Vicente Jiménez, El País; Luis Vicente León, Datanálisis (Venezuela); Ivana Deheza, International Consultant (Bolivia); Juan Carlos Iragorri, NTN24 Club de Prensa (Colombia); Muni Jensen, El País & NTN24; Cynthia J. Arnson, Wilson Center

January 21, 2015

Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Diego Portales University, Chile; Stephen Kaplan, George Washington University’s Elliott School of International Affairs; Hector Schamis, Georgetown University

November 20, 2014

Carlos Vecchio Demari, Voluntad Popular; Jennifer Lynn McCoy, The Carter Center, Georgia State University

Rossana Castiglioni, Universidad Diego Portales (Chile) Cynthia J. Arnson, Latin American Program; The Honorable Roberta Jacobson, Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs

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Trade and Economics

Through our project on Taxation and Inequality, we continued to push the regional debate on reforming tax systems to help lessen inequality in the world’s most unequal region.

Conferences in Colombia and Costa Rica—two countries where fiscal reform remains high on the policy agenda—convened stakeholders from diverse political parties, national governments, the private sector, think tanks, civil society groups, and the media to consider the trade-offs, political bargaining, and improvements in the quality and transparency of spending that make progressive tax reform possible. A final publication of the project, Progressive Tax Reform and Equality in Latin America (see below), examined reform efforts in Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, and Uruguay and concluded with a summary of lessons for reformers.

Our project on Asia and Latin America culminated with the publication of Reaching Across the Pacific: Latin America and Asia in the New Century, an exploration of economic and political relations between Latin America and not only China but also India, Japan, and South Korea. Case studies include Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, with an introduction by Inter-American Development Bank President Luis Alberto Moreno. The book is being translated into Spanish and will be published in late 2015 by Peru’s Universidad del Pacífico.

We also continued to explore the changing dynamics of China’s relationship with Latin America, including the implications of falling Chinese demand for Latin American commodities for the region’s economic growth.

Events

April 23, 2015

Co-sponsor:

International Monetary Fund

Fiscal Policy in Latin America: Lessons and Legacies of the Global Financial Crisis

Alejandro Werner, International Monetary Fund; Oya Celasun, International Monetary Fund; Marialuz Moreno Badia, International Monetary Fund;

James E. Mahon, Williams College; Carlos Vegh, Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies

April 16, 2015

Co-sponsors:

Global Sustainability and Resil- ience Program, China Environ- ment Program

China and Latin America: Seeking a Path to Sustainable Development

Kevin P. Gallagher, Boston University; Cynthia Sanborn, University of the Pacific, Lima, Peru; Rebecca Ray, Boston University

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March 19, 2015

Co-sponsor:

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

Colombia’s Economic Prospects

Piritta Sorsa, OECD; Christian Daude, OECD; Gustavo Flores-Macias, Cornell University

January 26, 2015

Co-sponsor: The World Bank

Inequality in a Lower Growth Latin America

Augusto de la Torre, The World Bank; Ángel Melguizo, OECD Development Centre

October 27, 2014

Co-sponsor: Inter-American Development Bank

Synchronized Factories: Latin America and the Caribbean in the Era of Global Value Chains

Antoni Estevadeordal, Inter-American Development Bank; Juan Blyde, Inter- American Development Bank; Francisco Sánchez, Former Under Secretary for International Trade, U.S. Department of Commerce; Barbara Kotschwar, Peterson Institute for International Economics

October 1, 2014

Co-sponsors:  Kissinger Insti- tute on China and the United

States; China Environment Forum

Chinese Companies in Latin America: Economic and Strategic Dimensions

Shan Huang, Caixin Media; Yuanan Zhang, Caixin Media; R. Evan Ellis, U.S.

Army War College Strategic Studies Institute

August 28, 2014

Bogotá, Colombia

Co-sponsor: Fedesarrollo

Colombia: Hacia una nueva reforma tributaria

Mauricio Cárdenas Santamaría, Ministro de Hacienda y Crédito Público;

Leonardo Villar, Fedesarrollo; Cynthia J. Arnson, Wilson Center; Vito Tanzi, former IMF; Sergio Clavijo, Asociación Nacional de Instituciones Financieras;

Bruce Mac Master, Asociación Nacional de Empresarios de Colombia (ANDI);

María del Rosario Guerra, Senator of the Republic of Colombia; Juan Mario Laserna, Former Senator of the Republic of Colombia; Roberto Steiner, Fedesarrollo; Cecilia López, Former Minister and Senator of the Republic of Colombia

August 26, 2014

San José, Costa Rica

Co-sponsors: 

Programa Estado de La Nación, Costa Rica, La Nación

Perspectivas políticas de la reforma fiscal en Costa Rica

Armando González, La Nación; Jorge Vargas Cullell, Programa Estado de la Nación; Cynthia J. Arnson, Wilson Center; Alberto Barreix, Inter-American Development Bank (IDB); Helio Fallas, Ministerio de Hacienda; Fernando Rodríguez, Ministerio de Hacienda; Luis Mesalles, Unión Costarricense de Cámaras y Asociaciones del Sector Privado; Edna Camacho, Academia de Centroamérica; Albino Vargas, Asociación Nacional de Empleados Públicos y Privados; Miguel Gutiérez, Estado de la Nación; Jorge Vargas Cullell, Estado de la Nación; Marcela Guerrero, Asamblea Nacional de Costa Rica; Otto Guevara, Asamblea Nacional de Costa Rica; Antonio Álvarez, Asamblea Nacional de Costa Rica; Rafael Ortiz, Asamblea Nacional de Costa Rica;

Gerardo Vargas, Asamblea Nacional de Costa Rica

Foreign Policy and International Relations

As Latin American countries find new ways to interact with a globalized world, patterns of international relations and U.S.-Latin American relations are changing in profound ways. Of particular importance is the U.S. policy change towards Cuba, after decades of efforts to isolate and punish the Cuban regime. We organized two media briefings with top experts to address changes in the relationship and their potential impact on Cuba’s politics and economy.

During the OAS leadership transition we hosted high-profile events with the two leading candidates and provided expert background and analysis before and during the Summit of the Americas in Panama.

Events

May 27, 2015

Co-Sponsor:

McLarty Associates

A Conversation with Cristian Rotondo, Vice-President of the Buenos Aires Legislature

Cristian Rotondo, Buenos Aires Legislature; Cynthia J. Arnson, Latin American Program; Kellie Meiman Hock, McLarty Associates

April 22, 2015

Co-Sponsors: International Republican Institute, National Democratic Institute

Promoting Peace and Prosperity in Honduras: A

Conversation with His Excellency Juan Orlando Hernández, President of the Republic of Honduras

His Excellency Juan Orlando Hernández, Republic of Honduras; Katya Rimkunas, International Republican Institute; Jim Swigert, National Democratic Institute

Eric L. Olson, Latin American Program; His Excellency Juan Orlando Hernández, President of the Republic of Honduras

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April 16, 2015

Co-Sponsors: United States In- stitute of Peace, Atlantic Coun- cil, Council of the Americas

Private Roundtable with Colombia’s Minister of Defense, Juan Carlos Pinzón and Minister of Justice, Yesid Reyes

Juan Carlos Pinzón, Ministry of Defense, Colombia; Yesid Reyes, Ministry of Justice, Colombia

April 6, 2015

Cynthia J. Arnson, Latin American Program; Eric L. Olson, Latin American Program; Paulo Sotero, Brazil Institute; Duncan Wood, Mexico Institute;

David Biette, Canada Institute

March 24, 2015

Co-sponsors: Institute of the Americas, China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, Kissinger Institute

China’s Foreign Policy in a New Era of Sino-Latin American Relations

Yuan Peng, China Institutes for Contemporary International Relations (CICIR);

Wu Hongying, China Institutes for Contemporary International Relations (CICIR); Evan Ellis, U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute

March 02, 2015

Jane Harman, Woodrow Wilson Center; Margaret Crahan, School of International and Public Affairs, Colombia University; Daniel W. Fisk, International Republican Institute; Nick Miroff, Washington Post; Eric L.

Olson, Latin American Program

December 19, 2014

Tomás Bilbao, Cuba Study Group; Carlos Gutierrez, Albright Stonebridge Group; Miriam Leiva, Independent Cuban Journalist in Havana; Cynthia J.

Arnson, Wilson Center

November 6, 2014

Co-Sponsor: Organization of American States

Scholars, Policymakers, and International Affairs: Finding Common Cause

Abraham Lowenthal, University of Southern California; H.E. José Miguel Insulza, Organization of American States; Kevin Casas-Zamora, Organization of American States; C. Fred Bergsten, Peterson Institute for International Economics; Ambassador Thomas Shannon, U.S. Department of State;

Cynthia J. Arnson, Latin American Program

October 16, 2014

The Honorable Eduardo Stein Barillas, Former Vice President and Former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Guatemala

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September 30, 2014

The Honorable Luis Almagro, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Uruguay

July 11, 2014

Co-sponsors: Brazil Institute, Kissinger Institute on China and the United States, Asia Program

Ground Truth Briefing: China’s Broadening Footprint in Latin America: From Beijing to Buenos Aires

Andrew Selee, Wilson Center; Jorge Heine, Global Fellow, Chile’s

Ambassador-designate to the People’s Republic of China; Adriana Abdenur, BRICS Policy Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro; Richard Feinberg, Former Public Policy Scholar, Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California, San Diego; Gonzalo Paz, George Washington University; Robert Daly, Kissinger Institute on China and the United States; Cynthia J. Arnson, Latin American Program

June 17, 2014

Co-sponsor: Inter-American Dialogue

Chile’s New Foreign Policy

Heraldo Muñoz, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Chile Heraldo Muñoz, MInister of Foreign Affairs, Chile

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Citizen Security and Organized Crime

Latin America has the dubious distinction of being the most violent region in the world, something that poses a rising challenge, if not threat, to the quality of democracy and development. Even more challenging is to devise innovative solutions and approaches as governments, local communities, and international donors seek to address this problem.

The Latin American Program has continued its substantial work on citizen security issues, through high-level forums in Washington, D.C. and the region that focused on how to address crime and violence at the local level, deal with the threat of organized crime, and channel U.S. security assistance in constructive and productive ways. Central America has been a special focus of our efforts, given the tragedy of homicides, gangs, and youth violence that are among the worst in the world. During and after the crisis of unaccompanied minors from El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala, Program staff testified in Congress, briefed U.S. and Central American officials, and produced a major study evaluating U.S. security assistance to Central America, Crime and Violence in Central America: How U.S. Assistance is Helping, Hurting, and can be Improved. We also continued our work with the OAS’ Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) to institutionalize the collaboration between civil society experts and government officials in exploring alternatives to regional drug policies.

Events

May 13, 2015

Co-sponsors: FLASCO-Costa Rica, FLASCO-EL Salvador, IDRC, American University, Government of Canada

Urban Violence: Building Safe and Inclusive Cities in Latin America

Juan Pablo Pérez Sáinz, Latin American Social Sciences Faculty (FLACSO);

Roberto Briceño-León, Venezuelan Violence Observatory; Hugo Frühling, Center for Citizen Security Studies, University of Chile; Jennifer Salahub, International Development Research Centre; Adriana Beltrán, Washington Office on Latin America; Adam Blackwell, Organization of American States;

Eric Hershberg, Center for Latin American and Latino Studies, American University

February 24, 2015

María Fernanda Boidi, Insights Research Group; José Miguel Cruz, Florida International University; Rosario Queirolo, Universidad Católica del Uruguay;

Ambassador Paul Simons, Inter-American Drug Abuse Commission (CICAD/OAS)

January 30, 2015

Co-sponsor:  Inter-American Development Bank

Innovations in Citizen Security in Ecuador

José Serrano, Ministry of the Interior, Ecuador; María Victoria Llorente, Fundación Ideas para la Paz

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January 28, 2014

Co-sponsors: The National Democratic Institute (NDI), the International Republican Institute (IRI)

Strengthening Citizen Security and Democratic Governance in Central America: Role of the Alliance for Prosperity of the Northern Triangle

The Hon. Francisco Altschul, Ambassador of the Republic of El Salvador to the United States; The Hon. Julio Ligorria, Ambassador of the Republic of Guatemala to the United States; The Hon. Jorge Milla, Ambassador of the Republic of Honduras to the United States; Stephen Johnson, IRI; Eduardo Núñez, NDI; Deborah Ullmer, NDI; Eric L. Olson, Latin American Program

Dec 12, 2014

Salta, Argentina

Co-sponsors: Latin American Development Bank (CAF), Ministerio de Seguridad de la Presidencia de la Nación, Ministerio de Seguridad del Gobierno de la Provincia de Salta

Seminario Internacional de Seguridad Ciudadana: Los desafíos para políticas efectivas

Juan Manuel Urtubey, Governor of Salta Province, Argentina; Alejandro Cornejo D`Andrea, Security Ministry, Salta Province, Argentina; Gonzalo Ruanova, Consejo de Seguridad Interior del Ministerio de Seguridad;

Cynthia Arnson, Latin American Program; Christian Asinelli, CAF; Marcelo Bergman, Universidad Nacional Tres de Febrero; Ana María Sanjuán, CAF;

Cecilia Rodríguez, Security Ministry; Lucía Dammert, Global Fellow, Wilson Center; Carlos Basombrío, Global Fellow, Wilson Center; Diego Fleitas, Asociación para Políticas Públicas, Argentina; Alberto Matuk, Goventment and Justice Ministry, Jujuy; Juan Pablo Morales, Secretary of State and Security of Catamarca

December 11, 2014

Cristina Equizábal, National Foundation for Development; Nicholas Phillips, Journalist; Aaron Korthuis, Yale Law School; Peter Meyer, Congressional Research Service; Steven Dudley, InSight Crime; Francisco Palmieri; U.S.

Department of State; Paloma Adams-Allen, USAID; Matthew C. Ingram, State University of New York, Albany

Roberto Briceño-León, Venezuelan Violence Observatory

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November 18, 2015

Guatemala City, Guatemala

Co-sponsor: IEPADES

Side Event to the 56th Regular Session of CICAD: New Approaches to Drug Law Enforcement and Responses to Organized Crime

Ambassador Paul Simons, Executive Secretary, CICAD; Mauricio López Bonilla, Minister of the Interior, Guatemala; Carlos Raúl Morales, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Guatemala; Adam Blackwell, OAS Secretary for Multidimensional Security; Maribel Carrera, IEPADES; Elena Diez Pinto, Expert in Public Policy Planning; Marie Nougier, International Drug Policy Consortium’s “Modernising Drug Law Enforcement” Project; Mayda de León, IEPADES; Catalina Mertz, Paz Ciudadana, Chile; Alejandro Hope, Independent Consultant, Mexico; Coletta Youngers, Washington Office on Latin America;

Robson Rodrigues, Igarapé Institute, Brazil; Eric L. Olson, Wilson Center;

Daniel Rico, Independent Consultant, Colombia; Anthony Harriott, The University of the West Indies, Jamaica; Juan Carlos Garzón, Global Fellow, Wilson Center

October 30, 2014

Co-sponsor:

Latin America Public Opinion Project (LAPOP)

Are Crime and Violence Prevention Programs Working in Central America?

Mitch A. Seligson, LAPOP; Elizabeth J. Zechmeister, LAPOP; Mark Feierstein, USAID; Joan Serra Hoffman, World Bank; Roseanna Ander, University of Chicago Crime Lab; Erik Esteban Escobar Albores, Youth Against Violence

October 28, 2014

Monterrey, Mexico

Co-sponsors: CAF, Instituto Technológico de Monterrey

Seguridad Ciudadana en México

Ricardo Ainslie, University of Texas at Austin; Carlos Basombrío, Global Fellow, Wilson Center; Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera, Universidad of Texas at Brownsville; Javier Garza Ramos, Centro Internacional de Periodistas de Washington; Tony Payán, Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy; Ernesto López Portillo, Instituto para la Seguridad y la Democracia (INSYDE); Eric L. Olson, Latin American Program; Moira Paz Estenssoro, Latin American Development Bank (CAF); Rodrigo Peña González, CASEDE;

Octavio Rodríguez, University of San Diego; Pedro Torres, Escuela de Gobierno y Trasformación de lo Público del Tecnológico de Monterrey; Juan Salgado, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE); Ana María Sanjuán, CAF; Maria Eugenia Suárez, INSYDE; Pedro Vallarta, Municipio de San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León; Duncan Wood, Mexico Institute

September 18, 2014

Claudia Paz y Paz, former Attorney General, Republic of Guatemala; César Rivera, Inter-American Development Bank; Anthony Fontes, University of California at Berkeley; Miquel Cortes Bofill, Federación Internacional Fe y Alegría; Katharine Andrade Eekhoff, Catholic Relief Services; Rodrigo Serrano, The World Bank; Carlos Basombrío, Global Fellow, Wilson Center

Energy and the Environment

Through a unique collaboration with the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Wilson Center’s Environmental Change and Security Program, we convened stakeholders from government, local communities, the private sector, and civil society organizations to discuss climate change adaptation strategies in Peru, Colombia, and Central America. These meetings brought together experts and implementers of climate change adaption initiatives from across the hemisphere with diverse constituencies from target countries to stimulate new policies, programs, and options for incorporating adaptation into national development plans.

Experts on the oil sectors in Colombia and Venezuela contributed to two Center-wide events on the global implications of falling oil prices. In addition, as part of the Wilson Center’s Regional and Global Energy Series, we convened a major event on energy security in Latin America, with leaders of the private sector and other experts who addressed regional trends and specific developments in Venezuela, the Caribbean, Brazil, and Mexico.

Events

May 21, 2015

Lima, Perú

Co-sponsors: USAID, Environ- mental Change and Security

Program

Cambio Climático y Cuencas Hidrográficas Vulnerables en los Andes: discusión entre tomadores de decisiones sobre la mejora de la gobernanza y la capacidad institucional

Hadley Arnold, Arid Lands Institute (California, USA); Deborah Weintraub, Chief Deputy City Engineer, Chief Architect, Bureau of Engineering, Los Angeles, California; Peter Arnold, Arid Lands Institute (California, USA);

Sandeep Bathala, Wilson Center; Miguel Saravia, Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina (CONDESAN); Ronald Ruiz, Consejo de Recursos Hídricos de Cuenca Chira-Piura; Raúl Ramero, Gobierno Regional de Piura; Jaime Gonzaga, Municipalidad de Piura; Carmen

Lacambra, Grupo Laera; Cynthia J. Arnson, Latin American Program Ali Moshiri, Chevron President for Africa and Latin America; Thomas F. “Mack” McLarty, McLarty Associates

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May 19, 2015

Thomas F. “Mack” McLarty, McLarty Associates; Ali Moshiri, Chevron; Jed Bailey, Energy Narrative; David Goldwyn, Goldwyn Global Strategies LLC;

Jorge R. Piñon, Latin America and Caribbean Energy Program, University of Texas, Austin; Jan H. Kalicki, Wilson Center Public Policy Fellow and Energy Lead

March 11-13, 2014

Kingston, Jamaica

Workshop: Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation within Institutions and Policy

Albert Daley, Climate Change Division, Ministry of Water, Land, Environment and Climate Change; Roger-Mark de Souza, Wilson Center; John Colvin, Global Climate Adaptation Partnership, Oxford Center for Innovation;

Sandeep Bathala, Wilson Center

February 25, 2015

Co-Sponsors: USAID, Colom- bia, Environmental Change and

Security Program

Climate Change Adaptation, Urban Planning, and the Private Sector in Colombia / Cambio Climático y Planificación del Territorio: Casos de Estudio de Adaptación en Políticas Urbanas y Sector Privado

Peter Natiello, Director, USAID Colombia, Carmen Lacambra, Grupo Laera;

Claudia Martínez, E3-Ecología; Steven Wilson, IADB, PROADAPT; Erica Kaufman, Natural Resilience Fund; Diego Javier Enríquez Pabón, Secretaría de Ambiente, Quito, Ecuador; Dolly González, Alcaldía de Cartagena de Indias; Javier Mendoza, Tercera Comunicación Nacional de Cambio Climático;

Jessica Jacob, FINDETER; María Mercedes Jaramillo, Pro-Bogotá; Diana Hernández Gaona, Departamento Nacional de Planeación; Mariana Rojas, Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible

February 4, 2015

Co-Sponsors: Canada Institute, Africa Program, Asia Program, Kennan Institute, Middle East Program

Falling Oil Prices: Changing Implications for Global Producers

Alfonso Cuéllar, Hill+Knowlton Strategies, Colombia; Jon Rozhon,

Canadian Energy Research Institute (CERI), Canada; Bijan Khajehpour, Atieh International, Iran; Mikhail Krutikhin, RusEnergy, Russia; Yinka Omorogbe, Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, Nigeria

December 2, 2014

Co-sponsor:  The World Bank

Turn Down the Heat: Confronting the New Climate Normal

Jorge Familiar, Vice President for Latin America and the Caribbean, The World Bank; Karin Kemper,The World Bank; Carlos Manuel Rodríguez, Conservation International; Gustavo Fonseca, Global Environmental Facility (GEF)

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October 31, 2014

Co-sponsors:  Kennan Institute;

Africa Program; Middle East Program; Canada Institute

Impact of Low Oil Prices: Petro Power or Petro Poverty?

Risa Grais-Targow, Eurasia Group; Raymond Gilpin, National Defense University; Jan H. Kalicki, Public Policy Fellow and Energy Lead, Wilson Center; David Ottaway, Senior Scholar; William E. Pomeranz, Kennan Institute; Greg Ip, The Economist

June 19, 2014

Co-sponsors:  USAID, Comisión Centroamericana de Ambiente y Desarrollo (CCAD)

Cambio Climático y Seguridad Alimentaria en América Central: Casos de Estudios de Adaptación

Greg Howell, Office of Economic Growth at USAID/El Salvador; Carmen Lacambra, Grupo Laera (Bogotá); Manuel Jiménez Umaña, Consejo

Agropecuario Centroamericano (CAC); Víctor Ramírez, Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales (CEPREDENAC); Patricia

Ramírez, Comité Regional de Recursos Hidráulicos (CRRH); Christa Castro Varela, Comisión Centroamericana de Ambiente y Desarrollo (CCAD); Sandeep Bathala, Wilson Center; Nancy McCarthy, LEAD Analytics; José Luis Arellano Monterrosas, Comisión Nacional del Agua (Chiapas, Mexico); Jaime López Martínez, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (Chiapas, Mexico); Eric Olson, Wilson Center

Impact of Low Oil Prices: Petro Power or Petro Poverty?, Risa Grais-Targow, Eurasia Group (Case of Venezuela)

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Border and Migration

The crisis of unaccompanied minors gave rise to a roiling debate in the U.S. Congress and in cities and towns across the United States that have been asked to shelter large numbers of children pending review of their cases.

The Latin American Program helped focus attention on the conditions driving migration as well as the policies Central American leaders should adopt to address those chronic problems. In addition to extensive engagement with the media and several appearances before Congress, the Program organized two high level events, including one with the ministers of foreign affairs of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. A call-in media briefing on unaccompanied minors set a Wilson Center record for the number of participants.

Events

June 16, 2015

Warren Newton, The George Washington University; Nathan Hesse, The George Washington University; Marc R. Rosenblum, U.S. Immigration Policy Program, Migration Policy Institute; Eric L. Olson, Latin American Program

Steve Inskeep, NPR; The Hon. Hugo Martínez, Minister of Foreign Affairs, El Salvador; The Hon. Luis Fernando Carrera Castro, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Guatemala; The Hon. Mireya Agüero de Corrales, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Honduras;

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May 15, 2015

Co-Sponsor: Scholars and Academic Relations Office

Woodrow Wilson Center

How Will Immigration Continue to Transform America?

Susan J. Terrio, Georgetown University; Jonathan Fox, American University;

Karthick Ramakrishnan, University of California at Riverside; Edward Schumacher-Matos, Public Policy Fellow, Wilson Center

July 24, 2014

The Hon. Hugo Martinez, Minister of Foreign Affairs, El Salvador; The Hon.

Luis Fernando Carrera Castro, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Guatemala; The Hon. Mireya Agüero de Corrales, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Honduras;

Steve Inskeep, National Public Radio (NPR)

July 23, 2014

Carlos Hernández, Asociación para una Sociedad Más Justa (AJS), Honduras;

Omar Rivera, Asociación para una Sociedad Más Justa (AJS), Honduras; Joy Olson, Washington Office on Latin America; Tani Adams, Former Wilson Center Public Policy Scholar; Eric L. Olson, Latin American Program

June 30, 2014

Andrew Selee,Wilson Center; Julie López, Independent Journalist; Nick Phillips, The New York Times; Marc R. Rosenblum, Migration Policy Institute;

Eric L. Olson, Latin American Program

In collaboration with the Wilson Center’s Wilson Quarterly, we created an interactive map on the unaccompanied minors crisis

PUBLICATIONS

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Reports and Book Chapters

Cynthia J. Arnson and Jorge Heine, with Christine Zaino (eds.), Reaching Across the Pacific:

Latin America and Asia in the New Century, Wilson Center, 2014.

James E. Mahon Jr., Marcelo Bergman, and Cynthia J. Arnson, (eds.), Progressive Tax Reform and Equality in Latin America, Wilson Center, 2015.

Eric L. Olson, (ed.) Crime and Violence in Central America’s Northern Triangle: How U.S.

Policy Responses are Helping, Hurting, and Can be Improved, Wilson Center, 2015.

Bulletins, Policy Briefs, and Working Papers

“Costa Rica 2014: Reforma Fiscal y Entorno Político” (Summary report, Wilson Center,

Estado de la Nación, and La Nación, meeting on Political Perspectives of the Fiscal Reform in Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica, 24 August 2014), Upcoming Publication

“Seminario Internacional de Seguridad Ciudadana: Los Desafíos para Políticas Efectivas”

(Summary Report, Wilson Center, meeting on International Citizen Security, Salta, Argentina, 12 December, 2014), Latin American Program and Latin American Development Bank, June 2015 Adam Blackwell, “Situational Approaches to Crime and Violence: A Case Study of Latin America,” May 2015.

Adam Blackwell, “The Police that we Deserve: A Discussion for the Future,” May 2015.

Duncan Wood, Christopher Wilson, Eric L. Olson, Brenda Elisa Valdés Corona, and Ernesto Rodríguez Chávez, “Reflections on Mexico’s Southern Border” Mexico Institute and Latin American Program, April 2015

Juan Carlos Garzón, “New Approaches to Drug Law Enforcement and Responses to Organized Crime: Report on the Side Event to the 56th Regular Session of CICAD” April 2015.

Adrián Blanco Estévez, “La Alianza del Pacífico: Un largo camino por recorrer hacia la integración,” January 2015.

“Relatoría sobre el Debate: Hacia una nueva reforma tributaria,” (Bogotá, Colombia) Wilson Center and Fedesarrollo, December 2014.

19 Vito Tanzi, “Taxation and Equitable Economic Development: A Historical Note,” Wilson Center and Fedesarrollo, November 2014.

John Otis, “The FARC and Colombia’s Illegal Drug Trade,” November 2014.

Adrián Blanco Estévez, “La explosión de la inversión exterior Latinoamericana:

tendencias y evolución reciente de las multilatinas,” Wilson Center, October 2014.

Ricardo Ainslie, “Citizen Security and the Social Fabric in Ciudad Juárez” (Paper, Wilson Center, Latin American Development Bank, Tecnológico de Monterrey, meeting on Citizen Security in Mexico, Monterrey, México, 28 October 2014) Latin American Program, October 2014

Guadalupe Correa Cabrera, “Militarización y Seguridad Ciudadana en Tamaulipas”

(Paper, Wilson Center, Latin American Development Bank, Tecnológico de Monterrey, meeting on Citizen Security in Mexico, Monterrey, México, 28 October 2014) October 2014

Javier Garza Ramos, “La Violencia en la Comarca Lagunera, 2007-2014” (Paper, Wilson Center, Latin American Development Bank, Tecnológico de Monterrey, meeting on Citizen Security in Mexico, Monterrey, México, 28 October 2014) October 2014 Rodrigo Peña González, “Inseguridad en Cuernavaca” (Paper, Wilson Center, Latin American Development Bank, Tecnológico de Monterrey, meeting on Citizen Security in Mexico, Monterrey, México, 28 October 2014) October 2014

Octavio Rodríguez, “Iniciativas de Seguridad Pública en Tijuana” (Paper, Wilson Center, Latin American Development Bank, Tecnológico de Monterrey, meeting on Citizen Security in Mexico, Monterrey, México, 28 October 2014) October 2014

María Eugenia Suárez de Garay “Policía Comunitaria en México: Del Entramado de Resistencias y Condiciones de Posibilidad” (Paper, Wilson Center, Latin American Development Bank, Tecnológico de Monterrey, meeting on Citizen Security in Mexico, Monterrey, México, 28 October 2014) October 2014

SCHOLARSHIP

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Fellow

Kimberly Theidon, (Latin American Program) Associate Research Professor, Fletcher School, Tufts University. Her work at the Wilson Center is “Speaking of Silences: Gender, Violence and Redress in Peru.” (September 2014 - May 2015)

Public Policy Scholars

David Altman, Professor, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, in residence January-February, 2015. While at the Wilson Center his work focused on “Ideological and Political Biases in Contemporary Direct Democracy.”

Abraham F. Lowenthal, Professor Emeritus, University of Southern California, in residence from October - December 2014. He continued his work on “Rethinking US-Latin American Relations in an Age of Transformations.”

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Global Fellows

Carlos Basombrío, Former Vice Minister of the Interior, Peru;

Columnist, Perú21

Lucía Dammert, Chief Advisor to the Under-Secretary of the Interior and Public Security in Chile; Associate Professor, Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Expert on public security issues in Latin America

Juan Carlos Garzón, Security and Conflict Resolution Expert; Former Consultant, United Nations Development Program and Organization of American States

Jorge Heine, Chile’s Ambassador to the People’s Republic of China;

CIGI Professor of Global Governance at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, Professor of Political Science at Wilfrid Laurier University

Edward Schumacher-Matos, former Ombudsman, National Public Radio.

Project: “From Ellis Island to Silicon Valley: The Impact of Mass Migration on Entrepreneurialism, Innovation, Inequality and American Economic Power.” (January 2015 - September 2015)

The multiple publications, events, and briefings conducted by Program staff have contributed to the following outcomes:

• Developed specific policy options to address crime and violence in urban settings, deal with the threat of localized organized crime, and orient U.S. security assistance in constructive and productive ways;

• Connected diverse stakeholders on climate change adaptation in target countries, brought successful adaptation projects and new tools to a broader audience, and contributed to the ability of national and local governments to incorporate climate change adaptation strategies into national development plans. Participants have reported new, actionable connections with their peers throughout the hemisphere, including new funding opportunities and new engagement on projects at the sub-national level;

• Convened multiple stakeholders in the region in unprecedented ways to consider concrete policy options for fiscal reform to improve equity, address budget gaps, improve the quality and transparency of spending, and fund pressing social and development needs;

• Advanced the regional discussion of alternatives to the “war on drugs” through a unique partnership with the OAS’ Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) to bring civil society experts and organizations into the official discussion of drug policy alternatives;

• Reframed the public debate about Central American migration to focus on underlying drivers such as violence and exclusion and how to address them;

• Broadened the debate over China and Latin America to include other major Asian economies—South Korea, Japan, and India—while exploring the evolution and environmental impacts of China’s engagement in the region.

MAKING A DIFFERENCE

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Congressional Testimonies

Eric Olson, “Securing the Border: Understanding and Addressing the Root Causes of Central American Migration to the United States,” United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs, March 25, 2015.

Cynthia J. Arnson, “Dangerous Passage: Central America In Crisis And the Exodus of Unaccompanied Minors,” United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, July 17, 2014.

Eric L. Olson, “Challenges at the Border: Examining and Addressing the Root Causes Behind the Rise in Apprehensions at the Southern Border,” United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security &

Governmental Affairs, July 15, 2014.

Articles and Op-Eds

Cynthia J. Arnson, “Op-Ed: Will the U.S. botch its chances at the Summit of the Americas?,” Los AngelesTimes, April 8, 2015.

Cynthia J. Arnson y Jorge Heine, “Puentes sobre el Pacifíco: América Latina y Asia en el nuevo siglo,” Diplomacia, No.127, December 2014.

Cynthia J. Arnson, “Elections and Peace in Colombia,” Americas Quarterly, Summer 2014, Volume 8/No. 3.

Cynthia J. Arnson, “Colombia’s Election: A Referendum on the Peace Process,” The National Interest, June 16, 2014.

Eric Olson, “Analysis of President Obama’s announcement regarding the release of Alan Gross and the future of U.S.-Cuba relations,” WilsonCenter.org, December 17, 2014.

Eric Olson, “The Mystery of the Unaccompanied Alien Children of 2014” The Aspen Institute Congressional Program, February 17, 2015.

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