Characteristics on ITO/Cu/ITO Films Deposited by Using DC Magnetron Sputter Technology
Mijoung Kim · Youngan Chae · Hwanyeol Park · Hyonsook Kim · Deokjoon Cha ∗
Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 573-701, Korea
Youngan Chae
Gimje Campus, Koera Polytechnics, Gimje 576-100, Korea
(Received 25 September 2014 : revised 7 October 2014 : accepted 7 October 2014)
We investigated the characteristics of ITO/Cu/ITO multilayer electrodes grown by DC magnetron sputtering for advanced organic devices. In spite of the low-temperature process, very good quality, transparent, conducting thin films (R
sh= 5 Ω/ ¡, T = 51.3%) were achieved in comparison with ITO single-layer films (R
sh= 185 Ω/¡, T = 81.3%). Several analytical tools, such as high- resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), and field- emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to examine the changes in the electrical, optical, structural, and morphological properties. The electrical conductivity remarkably increased with increasing Cu-intermediated-layer thickness. However, the optical transmittance decreased somewhat due to increased optical absorption in the Cu layer. To evaluate the performance of the thin film, we calculated Haackeïs figure of merit from the sheet-resistance and the optical- transmittance data. The result indicates that an ITO/Cu/ITO multilayer electrode can be used as a promising anode for advanced organic devices.
PACS numbers: 73.61.-r, 73.61.Le
Keywords: ITO/Cu, Multilayer electrodes, DC magnetron sputtering
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»Q + ä · = * å ¼ ÿ · Z 9 ~ x · »g ` @\ 8 ; · % + Ö < ∗
ç
H í ß @ / < Æ § Ó ü t o < Æõ , ç H í ß 573-701
=
* å ¼ ÿ
ô
Dz D Ge ¦ o % 7 @ / < Æ ^ ] jÖ r( Û ¼, ^ ] j 576-100
(2014¸ 9 Z 4 25{ 9 ~ Ã Î6 £ §, 2014¸ 10 Z 4 7{ 9 Ã º& ñ : r ~ Ã Î6 £ §, 2014¸ 10 Z 4 7{ 9 > F S X & ñ )
DC Õ ªW 1à Ô : r Û ¼( ' a A / B N& ñ Ü ¼ Ð ¦$ í 0 p x Ä »l è \ s 6 x l 0 AK ITO/Cu/ITO 8 £ x ~ Ã Ì} ` ¦ ]
j % i . $ : r / B N& ñ s % 3 6 £ § \ ¸ Ô ¦ ½ ¨ ¦, ITO é ß 8 £ x ~ Ã Ì} (R
sh= 185 Ω/¡, T = 81.3%)\ q K
Å Ò Ä ºÃ ºô Ç : £ ¤$ í _ 8 £ x _ È Ò" î F G ~ à Ì} (R
sh= 5 Ω/ ¡, T = 51.3%)` ¦ % 3 ` ¦ à º e % 3 . ¦ì r K 0
p x X- r] X ì r$ 3 l (HR-XRD), ü @ -r F g ì rF gF g ¸> (UV-Vis spectrophotometer), > ~ ½ Ó
+ þ A & ³p â (FE-SEM) © q \ ¦ s 6 x # È Ò" î F G ~ Ã Ì} _ l & h , F g < Æ& h , ½ ¨ ¸& h , Õ ªo ¦ + þ A
© < Æ& h ì r$ 3 ` ¦ % i . Cu × æ ç ß 8 £ x ¿ ºa 7 £ x ½ + Éà º2 ¤ l ¸ ¸ ¿ º× ¼ Qt > ` ¦ y ¤t ë ß , F g È Ò 1077
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õ
Ö ¦ É r t y èô Ç õ M ® o . ~ à Ì} _ $ í 0 p x` ¦ ¨ î l 0 AK $ ½ Óõ F g È Òõ Ö ¦ X <s ' \ ¦ : x K Haackeïs $ í 0 p x à ºu (figure of merit)\ ¦ > í ß # ì r$ 3 % i . s Qô Ç õ H ITO/Cu/ITO 8 £ x È Ò
"
î F G s ¦$ í 0 p x Ä »l è _ ª F G Ü ¼ Ð" f s 6 x| ¨ c à º e 6 £ §` ¦ r ô Ç .
PACS numbers: 73.61.-r, 73.61.Le
Keywords: ITO/Cu, 8 £ x ~ Ã Ì} , DC Õ ªW 1à Ô : r Û ¼( ' a A
I. " e  ] Ø
È
Ò" î F G í ß o } É r ª ô Ç ~ Ã Ì} è [ þ t \ V , o s 6 x ÷ &
#
Q M ® o [1]. Ä »o l ó ø Í 0 A\ 7 £ x à Ì÷ & H Tin doped indium oxide (ITO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), ¢ ¸ H fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) é ß { 9 8 £ x _ ~ à Ì} [ þ t s Å Ò
Ð È Ò" î F G Ü ¼ Ð 6 x ÷ &% 3 Ü ¼ 9, & ³F é ß { 9 8 £ x _ ~ Ã Ì} \
"
f © Ä »§ 4 ô Ç Ê ê Ð Ð ITO t 3 l q ÷ & ¦ e [2]. s H ITO degenerated wide-bandgap` ¦ ì ø Í ¸^ s Ù ¼ Ð Ä
ºÃ ºô Ç l ¸$ í õ r F g % ò % i \ @ /K Z } É r F g È Òõ Ö
¦` ¦ ? /l M :ë H s . s Qô Ç Ä ºÃ ºô Ç : £ ¤$ í Ü ¼ Ð K , ITO ~ à Ì} s flat panel displays [3], solar cells [4], organic light emitting diodes [5–8]1 p x ª > 6 £ x6 x ÷ & 9, þ j H t
PET PES [9]° ú É r flexible l ó ø Í\ È Ò" î F G ~ Ã Ì} ` ¦ { 9
y H כ s t 5 Å q& h ' a d ` ¦ Ô ¦ Q M ® o . Õ ª Q , s Qô Ç
¦ì r l ó ø Í[ þ t É r 7 £ x Ã Ì / B N& ñ r l ó ø Í_ ] jô Ç : r ¸ e l M
:ë H \ \ P % o \ ¦ 3 l w Ù ¼ Ð Ä ºÃ ºô ÇF | 9 _ ITO ~ à Ì} ] j
\
´ ú § É r # Q 9¹ ¡ § s e . s \ ¦ F G4 ¤ l 0 Aô Ç ~ ½ Óî ß Ü ¼ Ð ¦ ì
r l ó ø Í\ 7 £ x à Ì÷ & H ITO ~ à Ì} _ l & h , F g < Æ& h : £ ¤$ í
`
¦ > h r v H ô Çt ~ ½ ÓZ O É r ITO/F K5 Å q/ITO 8 £ x ~ Ã Ì} [10]` ¦ s 6 x H כ s . Õ ª s Ä » H ° ú É r ~ Ã Ì} _ ¿ ºa { 9 M
: F K5 Å q _ B Ä º Z } É r l ¸ ¸ Ð K l & h : £ ¤$ í s
¿
º× ¼ Qt > 7 £ x # ^ & h ~ à Ì} : £ ¤$ í ` ¦ Z } s l M :ë H s
.
: r ½ ¨\ " f H DC Õ ªW 1à Ô : r Û ¼( ' © q \ ¦ s 6 x
#
Ä »o 0 A\ ITO é ß { 9 8 £ x õ ITO/Cu/ITO 8 £ x _ ~ Ã Ì}
`
¦ y y 7 £ x Ã Ì % i . ¿ º ~ à Ì} _ ¿ ºa H 100 nm s © 7 £ x
Ã
Ì÷ &% 3 ¦, # l " f ITO/Cu/ITO (ICI)_ F K5 Å q × æ ç ß 8 £ x Cu H y y 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nmm 7 £ x Ã Ì / B N& ñ s s À Ò# Q
&
. ½ ¨^ & h z ´+ « >ì r$ 3 õ & ñ \ " f H ITO (100 nm) é ß 8
£
x ~ Ã Ì} õ ITO (50 nm)/Cu (5 - 15 nm)/ITO (50 nm) 8
£
x ~ Ã Ì} _ l & h , F g < Æ& h , Õ ªo ¦ ½ ¨ ¸& h : £ ¤$ í ` ¦ q §
%
i Ü ¼ 9, s Qô Ç È Ò" î F G _ $ í 0 p x É r Haackeïs Figure of merit [ È Ò" î F G _ $ í 0 p x à ºu ]` ¦ > í ß < ÊÜ ¼ Ð+ ¨ î ÷ &% 3
.
∗