Development of More Realistic Overtaking Behavior Model in CA-Based Two-Lane Highway Environment

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Received June 19, 2013/ revised July 15, 2013/ accepted August 12, 2013

Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹ͸ͷʹȀǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵Ǥ͸ǤʹͶ͹͵ ǤǤǤ

CA 2㇦Ḛ#ᦂḚ#㇦ᶇ⁦㯓ⴖ#⊲ᢢ#㯂⢢⶿ⴶ#㍒Ⲓ㭇㚚#ᇚ⇚

ଗࣦ୺

Yoon, Byoung Jo*

Development of More Realistic Overtaking Behavior Model in CA-Based Two-Lane Highway Environment

ABSTRACT

The two characteristics of two-lane-and-two-way traffic flow are platoon and overtaking triggered by low-speed vehicle. It is crucial to develop a robust model which simultaneously generates the behaviors of platoon by low-speed vehicle and overtaking using opposite lane. Hence, a microscopic two-lane and two-way vehicle model was introduced (B. Yoon, 2011), which is based on CA (Cellular Automata) which is one of discrete time-space models, in Korea. While the model very reasonably explains the behaviour of overtaking low-speed vehicle in stable traffic flow below critical density, it has shortcomings to the overtaking process in unstable traffic flow above the critical density. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develope a vehicle model to more realistically explain overtaking process in unstable traffic flow state based on the model developed in the previous study. The experimental results revealed that the car-following model robustly generates the various macroscopic relationships of traffic flow generating stop-and-go traffic flow and the overtaking model reasonably explains the behaviors of overtaking under the conditions of both opposite traffic flow and stochastic parameter to consider overtaking in unstable traffic flow state. The vehicle model presented in this study can be expected to be utilized for the analysis of two-lane-and-two-way traffic flows more realistically than before.

Key words : Two-lane highway, Vehicle model, Cellular automata, Unstable state, Realistic overtaking

Ⅹಾ

2₉ಽ᧲ႊ⨆Ʊ☖ඹ᮹ᵝ᫵⦽✚Ḷᮡᱡᗮ₉పᮝಽᯙ⦽₉పǑŝ₉ప⇵ᬵᯕ݅. ঑௝ᕽƱ☖ඹ༉᮹ᝅ⨹ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ2₉ಽࠥಽƱ☖ඹ᮹ၙ

᜽ᱢᇥᕾ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵₉పǑ᮹⧪┽᪡޵ᇩᨕݡ⧎₉ಽෝᯕᬊ⦽⇵ᬵ⧪┽ෝ࠺᜽ᨱǍ⩥⦹۵₉ప༉⩶᮹}ၽᯕ⦥ᙹᱢᯕ݅. ᯕᨱ঑௝ǎ ԕᨱᕽ۵ᯕᔑᱢ᜽Ŗeᮥʑၹᮝಽ2₉ಽ᧲ႊ⨆Ʊ☖ඹ༉⩶ᯕᗭ}ࡹᨩ݅(ᮅᄲ᳑, 2011). ə్ӹᖁ⧪ᩑǍ۵ᯥĥၡࠥᯕ⦹᮹ᦩᱶƱ☖ඹ ᔢ┽ᨱᕽ₉ప⇵ᬵ⧪┽᮹ᖅ໦ಆᯕᬑᙹ⦽ၹ໕, ᇩᦩᱶƱ☖ඹᔢ┽ᨱᕽ₉ప⇵ᬵ᮹⧪┽ෝᖅ໦⦹ʑᨱ۵݉ᱱᮥaḡŁᯩᨩ݅. ঑௝ᕽᅙᩑ Ǎᨱᕽ۵ᖁ⧪ᩑǍෝʑၹᮝಽᇩᦩᱶƱ☖ඹᔢ┽ᨱᕽᅕ݅⩥ᝅᱢᮝಽ₉ప⇵ᬵᮥǍ⩥⦹۵༉⩶ᮥᙹᱶ/}ၽ⦹ᩡ݅. }ၽࡽ༉⩶᮹⠪aෝ

᭥⦹ᩍ༉᮹ᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦽đŝ, ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ᮡƱ☖ඹ᮹ၙ᜽ᱢ✚ᖒᵲ⦹ӹᯙa݅ᕽ݅(Stop-and-go) ⩥ᔢᮥᖅ໦⦹໕ᕽÑ᜽ᱢƱ☖ඹš ĥෝ⬉ŝᱢᮝಽǍ⩥⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ⇵ᬵ༉⩶ᮡݡ⨆ႊ⨆Ʊ☖ඹ᪡₉ప⇵ᬵ⪶ශᄡᙹ᮹᳑Õᨱ঑௝ᇩᦩᱶƱ☖ඹᔢ┽ᨱᕽࠥ⧊ญᱢᮝಽ₉ప⇵

ᬵᮥᖅ໦⦹ᩡ݅. ঑௝ᕽᅙםྙᨱᕽᱽ᜽ࡽ₉ప༉⩶ᮡᅕ݅޵⩥ᝅᱢᮝಽ2₉ಽࠥಽƱ☖ඹ᮹ᇥᕾᨱ⪽ᬊࢁᙹᯩᮥäᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅.

áᔪᨕ 2₉ಽࠥಽ, ₉ప༉⩶, Cellular automata, ᇩᦩᱶƱ☖ඹ, ⩥ᝅᱢ₉ప⇵ᬵ

İࣀėॡ

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1. ᩑǍ᮹႑Ğၰ༊ᱢ

ǎԕᯝၹǎࠥ, ḡႊࠥ(ǎḡࠥ⡍⧉), Ǒࠥ᮹⡍ᰆࠥⅾᩑᰆ(km, 2009֥12ᬵʑᵡ)ᮡ42,609ಽᕽᯕᵲ2₉ಽ᧲ႊ⨆ࠥಽ(ᯕ⦹

2 ₉ಽ ࠥಽ)۵ 34,254ಽᕽ ᧞ 80.4%ෝ ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ə్ӹ

2₉ಽࠥಽᇥᕾᮥ᭥⦽᜽ဍ౩ᯕ░۵ၙǎᨱᕽ}ၽࡽTWOPAS (TWO-lane PASsing) ᮹᯦ಆᄡᙹෝǎԕ⪹Ğᨱ฿í᳑ᱶ⦹ᩍ

ᯕᬊ⦹Łᯩ۵ᙹᵡᮝಽᕽ2₉ಽࠥಽෝᇥᕾ⦹ʑ᭥⦽᜽ဍ౩ᯕ░

᮹ }ၽᮡ ᔍᝅᔢ ᱥྕ⦽ ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ᯕ᪡ ޵ᇩᨕ ᜽ဍ౩ᯕ░ෝ

}ၽ⦹ʑ᭥⦽2₉ಽ₉ప༉⩶ᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍࠥๅᬑᇡḥ⦽ᔢ┽ᯕ݅.

঑௝ᕽ2₉ಽࠥಽ᜽ဍ౩ᯕ░ෝ}ၽ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵2₉ಽࠥಽ ᨱݡ⦽ ༉⩶}ၽᯕݚ໕ŝᱽ௝⧁ᙹᯩ݅. ə్ӹšಉ༉⩶᮹

}ၽᨱݡ⦽ᖁ⧪ᩑǍ۵ᩑᗮඹ᪡݉ᗮඹෝݡᔢᮝಽᵝಽᙹ⧪ࡹ

Łᯩᮝ໑, ₉ప⇵᳦ŝ₉ప⇵ᬵᯕđ⧊ࡽ2₉ಽࠥಽ₉ప༉⩶ᨱ

ݡ⦽ ᩑǍ۵ ᱥྕ⦽ ᔢ┽௝Ł ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ⇵aᱢᮝಽ Corsim, Vissim, Paramics ॒ŝ zᮡ ၙ᜽ᱢ ₉ప ᜽ဍ౩ᯕ░۵ 2₉ಽ

ࠥಽ᮹✚ᖒᯙ₉పǑŝ₉ప⇵ᬵᮥ⩥ᝅᱢᮝಽǍ⩥⧁ᙹᨧ۵

⦽ĥa ᯩ݅.

ᯕ్⦽ྙᱽෝɚᅖ⦹Łᯱ☖ĥྜྷญ⦺ŝᯕᔑᱢ᜽Ŗeᮥʑၹ ᮝಽ⦹۵Cellular Automata(ᯕ⦹CA)ෝᯕᬊ⦽2₉ಽ₉ప༉⩶

ᯕ}ၽࡹᨩᮝӹ(Yoon, 2011), ᯥĥၡࠥᯕᔢ᮹ᇩᦩᱶƱ☖ඹᨱ ᕽ₉ప⇵ᬵᮥŝݡੱ۵እ⩥ᝅᱢᮝಽᖅ໦⦹۵⦽ĥෝaḡŁ

ᯩᨩ݅. ঑௝ᕽ ᅙ ᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ ᖁ⧪ᩑǍᨱ ݡ⦽ ⬥ᗮ ᩑǍಽᕽ

ʑ᳕ᩑǍෝʑၹᮝಽᦩᱶƱ☖ඹ᪡ᇩᦩᱶƱ☖ඹᨱᕽ₉ప⇵ᬵ

ᮥᖅ໦⦹ʑ᭥⦽༉⩶ᮥ}ၽ⦹ᩡ݅. ༉᮹ᝅ⨹đŝ, ₉ప⇵ᬵ༉⩶

ᮡ ⇵ᬵᮥ ᭥⦽ Ŗe᮹ ⪶ᅕa a܆⦽ ၡࠥ(᧞0.3)᮹ ᙹᵡʭḡ

ᦩᱶƱ☖ඹ᪡ᇩᦩᱶƱ☖ඹᨱᕽʑ᳕༉⩶ᅕ݅⩥ᝅᱢᮝಽ₉ప

⇵ᬵᮥ Ǎ⩥⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᙹᱶࡽ ₉ప⇵ᬵ ༉⩶ᮡ ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ŝ

đ⧊⦹ᩍ2₉ಽࠥಽ᮹✚Ḷᯙ₉పǑᮥᅕ݅⩥ᝅᱢᮝಽᖅ໦⧁

ᙹ ᯩᮭᮥ ᅕᩡ݅.

2. ʑ᳕ᩑǍŁₑ

ᅙᩑǍ۵ݡȽ༉aಽ฾᜽ဍ౩ᯕᖹᮥ᭥⦽₉ప༉⩶ᨱᯕᬊࡹ

۵CAᯕುᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᅕ݅⩥ᝅᱢᯙ2₉ಽ₉ప༉⩶ᮥ}ၽ⦹Ł

əa܆ᖒᮥᝅ⨹ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹۵ߑə༊ᱢᯕᯩ݅. ঑௝ᕽʑ᳕ᩑ ǍŁₑᮡ2₉ಽ᜽ဍ౩ᯕᖹ༉⩶ŝCAʑၹ₉ప༉⩶ᮝಽᙹ⧪⦹

ࠥಾ ⦽݅.

2 ₉ಽ ࠥಽ᮹ Ʊ☖ඹ ᇥᕾᮥ ᭥⦽ ༉᮹ᝅ⨹ʑ۵ TWOPAS (TWO-lane PASsing), TRARR(TRAffic on Rural Roads), SOVT(Simulation Of Vehicle Traffic) ॒ᯕᯩᮝ໑, TWOPAS

᪡TRARRaݡ⢽ᱢᮝಽฯᯕᯕᬊࡹŁᯩ݅. ၙǎ᮹MRI(Midwest

Research Institute) ᨱᕽ}ၽࡽTWOPAS᮹ᱥᝁᮡTWOWAF (TWO WAy Flow)ᯕ݅. TWOWAF۵NCHRP Report 185ᨱᕽ

ᱢᬊ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ⋹ญ⡍ܩᦥƱ☖ᇡ᮹2₉ಽࠥಽᩑǍ(May et al., 1986)ᨱᕽḲᵲᱢᮝಽá☁ࡽᯕ⬥, TTI(Texas Transportation Institute) ᨱᕽḡᗮᱢᯙ}ၽᮥᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ៉᪅۹ԁ᮹TWOPAS ಽᯕᨕᲙ᪅Łᯩ݅. ⪙ᵝᨱᕽ}ၽࡽTRARRᮡ⪙ᵝࠥಽᩑǍ᭥

ᬱ⫭(ARRB, Australian Road Research Board)ᨱᕽᯱℕᱢᮝಽ

}ၽ⦹ᩡ݅.

TWOPAS ۵݅᧲⦽ࠥಽ/Ʊ☖✚ᖒ(ࠥಽʑ⦹Ǎ᳑, ₉ಽ⡎, ᦿ ḡ෕ʑ᜽Ñ, ᦿḡ෕ʑ₉ಽ᮹ᮁྕ, Ʊ☖☖ᱽ, ᬕᱥᯱ✚ᖒ, Ʊ☖✚

ᖒ॒)ᮥ᯦ಆᯱഭಽᯕᬊ⦹ḡอ, TRARRᅕ݅ᩑᔑᗮࠥa۱ญ໑

ၙ░ჶᮥ ᱢᬊ⦹ḡ ᦫŁ ₉ప ᧁܩີᯕᖹᯕ ≉᧞⦹݅. ၹ໕, TRARR ᮡⴗTWOPASᅕ݅ᩑᔑᙹ⧪ᗮࠥa዁෕໑, ⴘၙ░ჶᮥ

ᔍᬊ⧉ᮝಽ ǎԕᨱ ᱢ⧊⦹໑, ⴙ₉ప ᨱܩີᯕᖹᯕ a܆⦹݅.

ǎԕ᮹Ğᬑ, TWOPASෝ᯦ࠥ⦹ᩍǎԕ᮹⪹Ğᨱᱢ⧊⦹ࠥಾ

(᯦ಆ) ❭௝ၙ░ෝ᳑ᱶ⦹ᩍ}ၽࡽTWOPAS K1aᯩᮝӹ(Lee et al., 1993), ࠦᯱᱢᯙ᜽ဍ౩ᯕ░۵}ၽࡹᨕᯩḡᦫᮡᝅᱶᯕ݅.

2₉ಽ ࠥಽ ᜽ဍ౩ᯕ░ }ၽᮥ ᭥⦽ 2₉ಽ ₉ప༉⩶᮹ }ၽᮡ

Yoon(2011) ᮹םྙᯕᮁᯝ⦽ᱶࠥಽᕽᔍᝅᔢ2₉ಽ₉ప༉⩶᮹

}ၽŝ šಉࡽ ᩑǍ۵ ᱥྕ⦽ ᝅᱶᯕ݅.

CA ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ᮡ1990֥ⅩၹᨱNaSch༉⩶(Nagel and Schereckenberg, 1992)ᯕᗭ}ࡽᯕ⬥, ^Ï ༉⩶(Takayasu and Takayasu, 1993), BJM ༉⩶(Benjamin et al., 1996), Krauss༉⩶

(Krauss, 1997), ʑ᳕NaSch༉⩶ᮥᙹᱶ⦽VDR(Velocity Depending Randomization) ༉⩶(Schadschneider and Schrec-kenberg, 1997), MRO(Multi Regime Oriented) ༉⩶(Chang et al., 2005) ॒

݅᧲⦽༉⩶ᯕ}ၽࡹᨩᮝ໑, ✚⯩MRO༉⩶ᮡᬑญӹ௝Łᗮࠥಽ ᮹ ᝅ᜽e ᰆ௹ Ʊ☖ᔍŁᩢ⨆ᇥᕾᨱ ᱢᬊࡹᨩ݅(Chang et al., 2008).

CA ₉ಽᄡĞ༉⩶ᮡ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ᨱእ⦹ᩍ⡎մᮡᩑǍaᙹ⧪

ࡹḡ۵ ᦫŁ ᯩ݅. ᗭᙹ᮹ ₉ಽᄡĞ༉⩶(Rickert et al., 1996;

Wagner et al., 1997) ᯕᗭ}ࡹᨩᮝӹᯝႊ⨆݅₉ಽ᮹₉ಽᄡĞᮥ

ᖅ໦⦹ʑ᭥⦽༉⩶ᮝಽᕽ༉⩶᮹ɝeᮡ☖⧪᜽e↽ᱢ⪵᪡vᦶ ᱢ₉ಽᄡĞᮝಽᖅĥࡹᨩ݅. ǎԕ᮹Ğᬑ, Yoon(2009)۵ᩑᗮඹ

ෝݡᔢᮝಽᯝႊ2₉ಽ₉ಽᄡĞ༉⩶ᮥᗭ}⦹ᩡᮝ໑, Ʊ☖పᙹᵡ ᨱ঑௝݅᧲⦽₉ಽᯕᬊශᮥᖅ໦⧁ᙹᯩᮭᮥᝅ⨹ᱢᮝಽᅕᩡ݅.

ə్ӹCA₉ప༉⩶ᮡ݅ᮭ᮹⦽ĥෝaḡŁᯩ݅. ₉ప⇵᳦༉

⩶᮹Ğᬑ2₉ಽࠥಽ᮹ᵝ᫵✚ᖒᯙ₉పǑ᮹ᖅ໦ᯕᨕಅᬑ໑,

₉ಽᄡĞ༉⩶ᮡ2₉ಽࠥಽ᮹₉ಽᄡĞ⩶┽ᯙ₉ప⇵ᬵᮥᖅ໦⧁

ᙹᨧ۵⦽ĥෝaḡŁᯩ݅. ə్ӹ2₉ಽࠥಽ᮹₉ప⇵ᬵᨱ۵

ᱢᬊ⧁ᙹᨧ۵⦽ĥෝaḡŁᯩ݅. ঑௝ᕽǎԕ᮹ᯱℕᱢᯙ2₉ಽ

₉ప༉⩶ᯕᇡᰍ⦽⩥ᝅᨱᕽCAᯕುᮥʑၹᮝಽ⦹۵2₉ಽ₉ప

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༉⩶᮹}ၽᮡฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ2₉ಽࠥಽಽǍᖒࡽᱥǎࠥಽ฾ᮥ

᜽ဍ౩ᯕᖹ⦹ʑ ᭥⦽ ᖁ⧪᫵ᗭ௝ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩā݅.

3. ₉ప༉⩶᮹}ၽ

2₉ಽ₉ప༉⩶ᮡ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ŝ₉ప⇵ᬵ༉⩶ᯕđ⧊ࡹᨕ᧝

⦽݅. ঑௝ᕽ ₉ప༉⩶᮹ }ၽᮡ ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ŝ ⇵ᬵ༉⩶ᮝಽ

Ǎᇥ⦹ᩍ ʑᚁ⦹ࠥಾ ⦽݅.

3.1 ఙ߆౟ஂࡦ෴ଭԹࢳ

NaSch ༉⩶(Nagel and Schereckenberg, 1992)ᮥɝeᮝಽCA

₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ᮡḡᗮᱢᯙ}ၽᯕᙹ⧪ࡹᨕ᪅Łᯩᮝӹ, ༉⩶᮹

Framework ۵ⴗᱥႊGap ┱ᔪ, ⴘ(⪶ශᱢᗮࠥqᗭෝ☖⦽)ᗮࠥ

ᝁ, ⴙ₉పᯕ࠺᮹3݉ĥಽȽ⊺ᮝಽǍᖒࡹ໑, ༉ु₉పᨱݡ⦹

ᩍᄲ಍ᱢᩑᔑᮥᙹ⧪⦽݅. ə్ӹʑ᳕CA₉ప༉⩶ᮡᯕᔑᱢ

༉᮹ᝅ⨹᜽e(t)ᨱᕽᖁ⧪₉పŝ⬥⧪₉పe᮹እᱱᮁࡽᯕᔑᱢ

Ŗeᯙᖡ᮹}ᙹಽᖅ໦ࡹ۵ᱥႊgap( ƅ ƒ , ᖡ)ŝ₉ప᮹ᗮࠥ( Ɣ ƒ , ᖡ/Ⅹ)᮹᳑Õᯕ ƅ _ƒ = Ɣ _ƒ ᯙĞᬑᗮࠥᯕᔢᵝ⧪⧁ᙹᨧ۵݉ᱱᮥ

aḡŁᯩᨕ2₉ಽࠥಽᨱᱢᬊ⦹ʑᨱ۵⦽ĥෝaḡŁᯩ݅. ঑௝

ᕽYoon(2011)ᮡʑ᳕CA₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶᮹ᙹᱶ⦹ᩍ2₉ಽࠥಽ᮹

₉ప⇵᳦ᵝ⧪⧪┽ᨱᱢ⧊⦹ࠥಾ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ᮥ}ၽ⦹ᩡᮝ໑,

༉⩶᮹Ǎᖒᮡⴗᱥႊ₉ప᮹ᵝ⧪ᔢ┽ෝŁಅ⦽expanded gap ( _ƅ _ƃ ) ᮹ᔑᱶ, ⴘ(⪶ශᱢᗮࠥqᗭෝ☖⦽)ᗮࠥᝁ, ⴙ₉పᯕ࠺᮹

3݉ĥಽ Ƚ⊺ᮝಽᕽ eఖ⯩ ᖅ໦⦹໕ ݅ᮭŝ z݅.

3.1.1 Expanded gap( _ƅ _ƃ ) ॺ୨

ƅ ƃ á ƅ _ƒ âã×ìãƔ _ƒ ^Ƅ ì ƅ _ƒ ^Ƅ à Îì Ɣ ^Ƅ à Îää (1)

ƅ ƒ : ᜽e( ƒ )ᨱᕽ⇵᳦₉పŝᖁ⧪₉పe᮹እᱱᮁŖe(ᖡ) Ɣ ƒ Ƅ : ᖁ⧪₉ప( Ƅ )᮹ ᜽e(t)ᨱᕽ ᗮࠥ(ᖡ/Ⅹ)

ƅ _ƒ ^Ƅ : ᖁ⧪₉ప( Ƅ ) ᮹ ᜽e(t)ᨱᕽ ᱥႊ gap(ᖡ) Ɣ Ƅ : ᖁ⧪₉ప( Ƅ )᮹ ↽ݡᗮࠥ(ᖡ/Ⅹ)

3.1.2 ুܑՁ਑with randomization

If _{Ɛ ï Ǝ} _ƌ then

Ɣ ƒ âÎ á ã×ìãƔ _ƒ ì ƅ _ƃ à Îì Ɣ à Îää (2)

Else

Ɣ _{ƒ âÎ} á ãƔ _ƒ âÎì ƅ _ƃ ì Ɣ ä (3)

Ɣ ƒ : ᜽e( ƒ ) ᨱᕽ ₉ప᮹ ᗮࠥ(ᖡ/Ⅹ) Ɣ _{ƒ âÎ} : ᜽e( ƒâÎ )ᨱᕽ ₉ప᮹ ᗮࠥ(ᖡ/Ⅹ) Ɣ : ₉ప᮹ ↽ݡᗮࠥ(ᖡ/Ⅹ)

Ǝ _ƌ : ྕ᯲᭥ᱢ qᗮ⪶ශ(0.0~1.0) Ɛ : ӽᙹs(0.0~1.0)

3.1.3 ఙ߆ଲܛ

Ɩ ƒ âÎ á Ɩ _ƒ âƔ _{ƒ âÎ} (4)

Ɩ ƒ : ᜽e( ƒ )ᨱᕽ ₉ప᮹ ᭥⊹

Ɩ _{ƒ âÎ} : ᜽e( ƒâÎ ) ᨱᕽ ₉ప᮹ ᭥⊹

3.2 ౟ଁࡦ෴ଭԹࢳ

2₉ಽࠥಽᨱᕽᱡᗮ₉ప᮹⬥ၙᨱᕽᵝ⧪⦹۵₉పᮡݡ⨆ႊ⨆

₉ಽಽ₉ಽᄡĞᮥᙹ⧪⦽⬥aᗮ⦹ᩍᱡᗮ₉పᮥ⇵ᬵ⦹Ł⧕ݚ

₉ಽಽᅖȡ⦹íࡹ໑, Fig. 1ᮡCA᮹ᯕᔑᱢŖeǍ᳑ᨱᕽ⇵ᬵŝ ᱶᮥ ࠥ᜾⪵⦹ᩍ ᅕᩍᵝŁ ᯩ݅.

(ᱡᗮ₉ప) ⇵ᬵ༉⩶ᮡⴗ᳭⊂₉ಽಽ᮹᳭⊂₉ಽᄡĞ༉⩶ŝⴘ

⇵ᬵ⬥⧕ݚᵝ⧪₉ಽಽᅖȡෝ᭥⦽ᬑ⊂₉ಽᄡĞ༉⩶ᮝಽǍᖒ

ࡽ݅. ঑௝ᕽ⇵ᬵ༉⩶ᮡⴗ᳭⊂ႊ₉ಽᄡĞ༉⩶ŝⴘᬑ⊂ႊ₉ಽ ᄡĞ༉⩶ᮝಽǍᇥ⦹ᩍʑᚁ⦹ࠥಾ⦹໑, ༉⩶᮹ᖅ໦ᮥ᭥⦹ᩍ

⠙᮹ᔢ₉ప᮹ᵝ⧪ႊ⨆ᮡ࠺ႊ⨆(EB)ŝᕽႊ⨆(WB)ᮝಽǍᇥ⦹

ࠥಾ ⦹໑, EB ₉ప᮹ ⇵ᬵᮥ ʑᵡᮝಽ ᖅ໦⦹ࠥಾ ⦽݅.

Fig. 1. Discrete Structure of Road Space and Overtaking Path

3.2.1 ஆ౸ࢺఙߦ࣡լࡦ෴

᳭⊂ႊ₉ಽᄡĞ༉⩶ᮡ݅₉ಽ₉ಽᄡĞᨱᕽ᪡zᮡᖁ⪙ᱢᯙ

☖⧪᜽e ↽ᱢ⪵(travel time optimization)ᯕ௝ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᮝӹ,

᳭⊂ႊ₉ಽᄡĞ⬥ᱥႊ₉ప᮹ḥ⧪ႊ⨆ᯕ ᩎႊ⨆ᯕ௝۵ᱱᯕ

݅෕݅. ঑௝ᕽ᳭⊂ႊ₉ಽᄡĞᮥᙹ⧪⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ⴗ᳭⊂₉ಽ

ᱥႊᨱᩎႊ⨆ᮝಽᵝ⧪ᵲᯙ₉పŝ∊࠭ᯕၽᔾ⦹ḡᦫࠥಾ∊ᇥ

⦽Ŗeᮥ⪶ᅕ⧕᧝⦹໑, ⴘᩎႊ⨆₉ಽᨱᕽᱡᗮ₉పᮥŖeᱢᮝ ಽ⇵ᬵ⦽ ⬥ ᬱ௹₉ಽಽ ᅖȡෝ Łಅ⦹ᩍ∊ᇥ⦽ ḥ᯦Ŗeᯕ

⦥᫵⦹݅. ᯕᔢ᮹᳑ÕᮥŁಅ⦹໕᳭⊂ႊ⨆₉ಽᄡĞᮡ5}᳑Õ

ᷪ, ⴗ࠺ʑ᳑Õ, ⴘ⊂ႊ᳑Õ, ⴙᱥႊ᳑Õ, ⴚ⊂ᱥႊ᳑Õ, ⴛ⪶ශ᳑

(4)

Õᮥอ᳒⧕᧝⦹໑, ᳑Õⴘ, ⴙ, ⴚ۵₉ప∊࠭ᮥႊḡ⦹ʑ᭥⦽

ᦩᱥ᳑Õᨱ ⧕ݚ⦽݅.

ⴗ࠺ʑ᳑Õᮡᖁ⧪₉పᯕᱡᗮ₉ప(✙౎ၰ᜚ᬊ₉)ᯕ໕อ᳒⦽

݅. ᯕ۵ᖁ⧪₉పᯕ✙౎ᯕ޵௝ࠥᯝၹᱢᮝಽᬕᱥᯱ۵✙౎᮹

⬥ၙᨱᕽ⇵᳦⦹۵⧪┽ෝ̝ಅ⦹۵✚ᖒᮥaḡŁᯩʑভྙᯕ݅.

ⴘ⊂ႊ᳑Õᮡ༉⩶ᙹ⧪᮹ᗮࠥෝŁಅ⦹ᩍ᳭⊂ႊ₉ಽ᮹ᯙᱲ

ᖡᯕ ᱱᮁࡹḡ ᦫᮝ໕ อ᳒⦹í ࡽ݅.

ⴙᱥႊ᳑Õᮡᙽႊ⨆₉ಽ᮹ᱥႊ(Ʊ☖ඹᔢ┽) ᳑Õᮝಽᕽ

⇵ᬵ⬥₉ప᮹ᅖȡaๅᬑᬊᯕ⦽ᔢ┽ᯕᨕ᧝⦹໑, ᙽႊ⨆₉ಽᨱ ᕽ⇽ᬵᵲᯙᩎႊ⨆₉పŝ᮹∊࠭ᮥ⦝⧁ᙹᯩᨕ᧝⦽݅. ঑௝ᕽ

ᱥႊ᳑Õᮥđᱶ⦹ʑ᭥⦽ḡ⢽۵ᙽႊ⨆᮹ᱥႊၡࠥ᪡ᩎႊ⨆

⇵ᬵ₉ప᮹ᙽႊ⨆₉ಽᔢᨱ᳕ᰍᮁྕಽᱶ᮹⦹ᩡ݅. ᱥႊ᳑Õᮥ

༉⩶⪵⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍFig. 2᪡zᯕ⇵ᬵ⧕᧝⧁Ñญᯙ⇵ᬵÑญ( Ƃ ƍ , ᖡ)᪡⇵ᬵÑญෝŁಅ⦽⇵ᬵ᜽e( ƒ _ƍ , Ⅹ) ࠺ᦩ᮹ᙽႊ⨆ᵝ⧪Ñญ

᪡ᩎႊ⨆⇵ᬵᵲ₉ప᮹ᵝ⧪ÑญෝŁಅ⦽ᱥႊᔢ┽Ñญ( Ƃ Ƒ , ᖡ)ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ⇵ᬵ₉ప᮹⇵ᬵÑญ( Ƃ _ƍ )۵᜽eݡ(t)ᨱᕽᖁ⧪

₉ప( Ƅ ) ᮹᭥⊹( Ɩ _ƒ ^Ƅ ) ᪡⇵᳦₉ప᮹᭥⊹( Ɩ _ƒ ) ෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍEq.(5)᪡zᯕ

ᔑᱶࡽ݅. əญŁ ᅙ םྙᨱᕽ o۵ ⇵ᬵ(overtaking)ᮥ ᮹ၙ⦽݅.

Ƃ ƍ á Ɩ _ƒ ^Ƅ à Ɩ _ƒ âÎ , _Ɩ _ƒ ^Ƅ ð Ɩ _ƒ (5)

⇵ᬵ᜽e( ƒ _ƍ , Ⅹ)ᮡ⇵ᬵÑญ( Ƃ _ƍ ), ⇵ᬵ₉ప᮹᜽eݡ(t)ᨱᕽᗮ

ࠥ( Ɣ ƒ ƍ ), ⇵ᬵ aᗮࠥ( ſ ƍ , ᖡ/Ⅹ), ⇵ᬵ ↽ݡᗮࠥ( Ɣ ƍ ), ᖁ⧪( Ǝ ) ᱡᗮ₉ప( Ɗ )᮹↽ݡᗮࠥ( Ɣ ^ƎìƊ , ᖡ/Ⅹ)ෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᔑᱶ⦹໑, Eq.(6) ᮹᳑Õᮥอ᳒⦹۵⇵ᬵ᜽e( ƒ _ƍ ) ᵲ↽ᗭsᯕ݅. ⇵ᬵ᜽eᯕ⬥

⇵ᬵ₉పᮡ⧕ݚႊ⨆ᮝಽvᦶᱢᮝಽᅖȡ⧕᧝⧉ᮝಽ↽ᗭsᮥ

ᱢᬊ⦹۵ äᮡ ⧊ญᱢᯕ݅.

ƒ ā

ƍ

á Î

t åãƔ _ƒ ^ƍ âƒ _ƍ Z ſ ƍ ìƔ ^ƍ äà Ɣ ^ƎìƊ æ > Ƃ _ƍ (6)

ᱥႊᔢ┽Ñญ( Ƃ Ƒ , ᖡ)۵ ⇵ᬵ₉ప᮹ ᜽eݡ(t)ᨱᕽ ⇵ᬵᗮࠥ

( _Ɣ _ƒ ^ƍ )᪡⇵ᬵ᜽e( ƒ _ƍ ), ⇵ᬵaᗮࠥ( ſ _ƍ ), ⇵ᬵ↽ݡᗮࠥ( Ɣ ^ƍ ), əญ

Łᯝၹ₉ప᮹↽ݡᗮࠥ( Ɣ ) ෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍEq.(7)ŝzᯕᔑᱶࡹ

໑, ⇵ᬵ᜽e࠺ᦩ⇵ᬵ₉ప᮹ᵝ⧪Ñญ(ᖡ)᪡ᩎႊ⨆₉ప᮹ᵝ⧪

Ñญ᮹ ⧊ᮝಽ Ǎᖒࡽ݅.

Ƃ Ƒ á ā _{Ƈ á Î} ^ƒ

^ƍ

^ãƔ ^ƒ ^ƍ ^{âƇZ ſ} ^ƍ ^ìƔ ^ƍ ^äâƔ ^{Z Þƒ} ^ƍ ^âÎß ⁽⁷⁾

Yoon(2011) ᮹ᩑǍᨱᕽᱥႊ᳑Õᮝಽⵏᱥႊᔢ┽Ñญ( Ƃ _Ƒ ) ԕ ᨱ⇵ᬵᵲᩎႊ⨆₉ప᮹᳕ᰍ᪡ⵐ Ƃ _Ƒ ԕᨱ᳕ᰍ⦹۵࠺ᯝႊ⨆

₉ప᮹ݡᙹ( ƌ _ƂƑ ) ෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍEq.(8)ŝzᯕᔑᱶࡽᱥႊ᮹ၡࠥ

( _Ň _ƂƑ , 0~1.0)ෝ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩡ݅.

Ň _ƂƑ á ƌ _ƂƑ îƂ _Ƒ (8)

ᱥႊ᳑Õⵏ۵₉ప∊࠭ᮥႊḡ⦹ʑ᭥⦽⧊ญᱢᱲɝႊჶᯕ௝

⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ə్ӹ ᱥႊ᳑Õⵐ۵ ᖁ⧪ᩑǍᨱᕽ᪡ zᯕ ᱥႊ᮹

ၡࠥ( Ň _ƂƑ )aᵝᨕḥᱥႊ᮹ၡࠥđᱶs( Ň _ƍ , _{× ; Ň} _ƍ _{? ÎîÞƔ} âÎß ) ᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ Ň ƂƑ ï Ň _ƍ ᳑Õᮥ อ᳒⦹޵௝ࠥ ᙽႊ⨆ ᱥႊ᮹ Ʊ☖ඹ

ၡࠥaᯥĥၡࠥᯕᔢᯝĞᬑᷪ, ᇩᦩᱶƱ☖ඹᯝĞᬑᱡᗮ₉పᯕ

⪝ᰂ᮹⬥ၙᨱࠥ₊⦹۵Ğᬑaၽᔾ⦹໑ੱ⦽⧕ݚᱥႊၡࠥ᳑Õ

ᮥอ᳒⦹޵௝Ł⇵ᬵᵲᯙ₉పᯕ⧕ݚ₉ಽಽᅖȡ⦹໕ᕽᱥႊၡ

ࠥෝอ᳒⦹ḡ༜Ğᬑaၽᔾ⦹íࡽ݅. Fig. 3ᮡ࠺ႊ⨆ၡࠥ

( _Ň _ƃƀ )=0.4, ᕽႊ⨆ၡࠥ( Ň _ƕƀ )=0.01, ᵲ₉ప Ǎᖒእ 5% ᔢ┽ᨱᕽ

WB ₉ಽ᮹₉పȅᱢ᜽ŖࠥෝᅕᩍᵝŁᯩ݅(EB ₉ప(áᮡᔪ)᮹

ᯕ࠺ႊ⨆Ⳮ, WB ₉ప(ℎᔪ)᮹ᯕ࠺ႊ⨆ⳮ). ᭥ᨱᕽᨙɪ⦽ᯕᮁ

ಽ ₉పᮡ ᬑ⊂ႊ ₉ಽᄡĞ ᳑Õᮥ อ᳒⧁ ᙹ ᨧᨕ EB ₉ಽಽ

ᅖȡ⦹ḡ༜⦹ŁWB ₉ಽෝእḡᗮᱢᮝಽᵝ⧪⦽⬥ᅖȡ⦹Ł

ᯩÑӹ, EB ₉పŝ∊࠭⬥ᅖȡ⦹Łᯩ݅. ᯕ్⦽༉⩶᮹⦽ĥ۵

(5)

༉⩶᮹ }ၽ᜽ እ⪝ᰂ ᔢ┽ Ʊ☖ඹ᮹ ⇵ᬵᮥ ᖅ໦⦹ʑ ᭥⦹ᩍ

༉⩶ᯕ }ၽࡹᨩʑ ভྙᯕ݅.

ᯕᔢᨱᕽʑᚁ⦽ྙᱽᱱᮡᯝၹᱢᮝಽᬕᱥᯱॅᯕ᫵Ǎ⦹۵

ᱡᗮ₉ప᮹ᱥႊእᱱᮁŖeŝ⇵ᬵᵲᯙ₉ప᮹ݡᙹෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ

ᱥႊၡࠥ( Ň Ƅ = ×íÎ ) ෝEq.(9)᪡zᯕŁಅ⧉ᮝಽ៉⧕đᯕa܆⦹

݅. Ƃ _Ƅ ۵ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ⇵ᬵᮥᙹ⧪⦹Łᯱ⦹۵ᬕᱥᯱᨱí᫵Ǎࡹ۵

ᱡᗮ₉ప᮹ᱥႊŖe(᧞50mⴉ8ᖡ)ᯕ໑, ᬕᱥᯱa⇵ᬵᮥᙹ⧪⦹

Ł ⧕ݚ ₉ಽಽ ᅖȡ⦹۵ ᜽b( ƒâķ )᮹ ၡࠥ۵ ᯕᱥᨱ ⇽ၽ⦽

ᷪ, ᜽e( ƒ ) ᨱᕽ⇵ᬵᵲᯙ₉పŝᱥႊᨱ᳕ᰍ⦹۵₉ప᮹ݡᙹಽ

ĥᔑࡽ݅.

Ň _Ƅ á Þƌ _Ƅ âƌ _ƍ ßîƂ _Ƅ (9)

Ƃ _Ƅ : ᱡᗮ₉ప( Ƅ ) ᮹ ᱥႊ᮹ ᬕᱥᯱ ᯙ᜾ Ñญ(ᖡ) ƌ Ƅ : _Ƃ _Ƅ ԕᨱ ₉పݡᙹ

ƌ _ƍ : ⇵ᬵᵲ ₉పݡᙹ

ⴚ⊂ᱥႊ᳑Õᮡᩎႊ⨆₉ಽᔢᨱᩎႊ⨆₉పᯕᱥႊᔢ┽Ñญ ԕᨱ᳕ᰍ⦹ḡᦫᮝ໕อ᳒⦹íࡽ݅. ᯕᔢ᮹༉ु᳑Õᯕอ᳒ࡹ໕

݅ᮭ᮹⪶ශ᳑Õᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ↽᳦ᱢᮝಽ᳭⊂ႊ₉ಽᄡĞᮥđᱶ

⦹í ࡽ݅.

ⴛ⪶ශ᳑Õᮡᵝᨕḥ⇵ᬵ₉ಽᄡĞ⪶ශ( Ǝ _ƍ , 0.0~ 1.0) ᅕ݅ྕ

᯲᭥s(0~1.0)ᯕ ᯲ᮝ໕ อ᳒⦹í ࡽ݅. Ǝ ƍ ᮡ ᱡᗮ₉ప ⇵ᬵ᮹

ᖁ⪙ࠥෝŁಅ⧉ŝ࠺᜽ᨱ⇵ᬵݡᙹෝ᳑ᱶ⦹۵ᄡᙹᩎ⧁ᮥᙹ⧪

⦽݅.

3.2.2 ૴౸ࢺఙߦ࣡լࡦ෴

ᬑ⊂ႊ ₉ಽᄡĞ༉⩶ᮡ ᩎႊ⨆ ₉ಽᨱᕽ ᱡᗮ₉పᮥ ⇵ᬵ⦽

⬥ᙽႊ⨆₉ಽಽᅖȡ⦹۵₉ಽᄡĞᯕ໑, ᯕ్⦽ᬑ⊂ႊ₉ಽᄡĞ

ᮡ ᩎႊ⨆ ₉ಽᨱᕽ ᵝ⧪⦹۵ ₉పŝ᮹ ∊࠭ᮥ ⫭⦝⧕᧝ ⦹ʑ

ভྙᨱvᦶᱢ₉ಽᄡĞᯕ݅. ঑௝ᕽᬑ⊂ႊ₉ಽᄡĞ᮹᳑Õᮡ

ᬑ⊂₉ಽ᮹ᖡᯕእᱱᮁࡽĞᬑอ᳒⦹íࡽ݅. ᯕĞᬑᬑ⊂ႊ

₉ಽᄡĞ⬥ᖁ⧪₉ప-⧕ݚ₉ప, ⧕ݚ₉ప-⬥ၙ₉పe᮹₉పeĊ (gap) ᅕ݅⇵᳦₉ప᮹ᗮࠥa׳ᮡĞᬑaၽᔾ⦹ḡอ₉ప⇵᳦༉

⩶᮹⪶ᰆࡽgap( ƅ ƃ )ಽᯙ⦹ᩍ₉పᮡɪĊ⯩qᗮੱ۵ᱶḡ⦹ḡ

ᦫ۵݅.

4. }ၽ༉⩶᮹⠪a

4.1 ࡦଭਓ෠ডծ

}ၽ༉⩶᮹⠪aෝ᭥⦽ᝅ⨹ᖅĥ۵݅ᮭŝz݅. ₉ప༉⩶ᮡ

₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ŝ⇵ᬵ༉⩶ᮝಽǍᇥ⦹ᩍ⠪a⦹ᩡ݅. ₉ప⇵᳦༉

⩶᮹⠪aෝᙹ⧪⦽⬥, ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ŝ₉ಽᄡĞ༉⩶ᮥđ⧊⦹ᩍ

⠪a⦹ᩡ݅. ༉᮹ᝅ⨹օ✙ᬭⓍ۵ྕ⦽ᬱ⩶ยⓍᨱᕽᙹ⧪⦹ᩡᮝ ໑(Yoon, 2011) bႊ⨆ᄥಽǍᖒࡽ݅. ᜽ᜅ▽᮹᳑Õᮡᖡʙᯕ

6m, ยⓍʙᯕ(60,000m = ᖡ 10,000})ᯕ݅. ʑ⦹Ǎ᳑۵ ⠪ḡ

ḢᖁǍeᮝಽᕽ ⇵ᬵ᜽Ña ⪶ᅕࡽ݅Ł aᱶ⦹ᩡ݅.

4.2 ఙ߆౟ஂࡦ෴ଭඌԧ

₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶᮹⧪┽۵↽ݡᗮࠥ( Ɣ )᪡qᗮ⪶ශs( Ǝ _ƌ )ᨱ᮹

⧕đᱶࡽ݅. ᯕ۵ᯥĥၡࠥ( Ň Ɓ á ÎîÞƔ âÎß ) ᯕ⦹ᨱᕽᱥႊ᮹

ᮁ⬉₉పeĊ( ƅ _ƃ )ᯕ Ɣ ᅕ݅ʙʑভྙᨱ₉ప᮹ᗮࠥ۵ ƅ _ƃ ᨱ

᮹⧕ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ၼḡ ᦫʑ ভྙᯕ݅(Chang et al., 2004). ঑௝ᕽ

ᯥĥၡࠥ( Ň _Ɓ ) ᯕ⦹ᨱᕽ₉ప᮹ᗮࠥᯙᯱᮁƱ☖ඹᗮࠥ( Ɣ _ƄƄ , kph) ۵ᖡʙᯕ( Ɗ Ɓ ), _Ɣ , _Ǝ _ƌ ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ᜾(9)᪡zᯕᔑᱶࡽ݅(Chang et al. 2005). ə్ӹ⪝ᰂၡࠥ( Ň _ƈſƋ )ᨱၡࠥaaʭᬭḩᙹಾ₉ప᮹

ᗮࠥ۵ ǎᇡᱢᯙ ⪝ᰂŝ Ɣ ƒ ᅕ݅ ᯲ᮡ ƅ ƃƄƄ ᨱ ᮹⧕ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ၼʑ

ভྙᨱ ᮭḡᙹ⩶ᮝಽ qᗭ⦽݅(Chang et al., 2004).

Ɣ _ƄƄ á ÐíÓ\åÞÎ àƎ _ƌ ß\Ɣ âƎ _ƌ \ÞƔ à Îßæ (10)

༉᮹ᝅ⨹ᮥ᭥⦽᜽ӹญ᪅۵݅ᮭŝzᯕᖅᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. Ɣ =2, 3ಽbbᖅᱶ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᯕ۵ᱡᗮ₉ప᮹ᗮࠥ30~40kph, ↽ݡᗮ

ࠥ۵2₉ಽ᧲ႊ⨆ࠥಽ᮹↽Łᱽ⦽ᗮࠥ60kphෝŁಅ⦹ʑ᭥⧉ᯕ

݅. Ǝ ƌ ᮡ0.01~0.5ʭḡ0.01݉᭥ಽ50}ᯕ໑, ᯕ۵ Ǝ ƌ ð ×íÒ ᯝ

ĞᬑNoise᮹ʑ܆ᮥᔢᝅ⦹ʑভྙᯕ໑ᯕ్⦽Noise ʑ܆ᔢᝅᮡ

ᱶḡ₉ప᮹aᗮᮥḡӹ⊹íqᗭ᜽┅ʑভྙᯕ݅(Chang et al., 2005). ยⓍ᮹ၡࠥ( Ň ) ۵0.01~0.99ʭḡ0.01݉᭥ಽ99}ᯕ݅.

঑௝ᕽⅾ᜽ӹญ᪅}ᙹ۵9,900 (2×50×99)}ᯕ໑, b᜽ӹญ᪅ ᄥ ᜽ဍ౩ᯕᖹ ᜽eᮡ 3,600Ⅹ ᯕ݅.

CA ⇵᳦༉⩶ᮡ₉పᮥeఖ⦹í༉ᔍ⦹໕ᕽƱ☖ඹ᮹Ñ᜽ᱢ

šĥෝ Ǎ⩥⦹ࠥಾ ᖅĥࡹᨩ݅. ঑௝ᕽ ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ᮡ Ñ᜽ᱢ

Ʊ☖ඹ᮹šĥෝ⧊ญᱢᮝಽᖅ໦⧕ᵝᩍ⦽݅. Fig. 4᪡5۵ Ɣ

=2, 3 ᮹Ğᬑᨱݡ⦹ᩍ Ǝ _ƌ ᨱ঑ෙÑ᜽ᱢšĥ[Ʊ☖ప-ၡࠥ( Əà Ň ), ᗮࠥ-ၡࠥ( Ƒ à Ň )] šĥෝbbᅕᩍᵝŁᯩ݅. Ǝ ƌ ᨱ᮹⦹ᩍᯱᮁƱ

☖ඹᗮࠥ( Ɣ _ƄƄ , kph), ᬊప, ᯥĥၡࠥaᖅ໦ࡹŁᯩ݅. Ǝ _ƌ á × ᮹

Ğᬑᯥĥၡࠥ( Ň Ɓ )۵ ÎîÞƔ âÎß ᯕ໑, ᯕ۵ Ǝ ƌ ᮝಽᖅ໦ࡹ۵

₉ప᮹qᗮᨱݡ⦽ʑᩍࠥa0ᯕ໑᜽ᜅ▽ԕ᮹༉ु₉పᮡ↽ݡᗮ

ࠥෝᮁḡ⧁ᙹᯩ۵gapᮥ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑভྙᯕ݅. Əà Ň šĥ۵ᱥ⩶ᱢ ᯙ᳦⩶ᮥᅕᯕŁᯩᮝ໑, ݅᧲⦽⩶┽᮹Ñ᜽ᱢ⧪┽ෝᖅ໦⦹Ł

ᯩ݅. əญŁ Ǝ ƌ ᯕ᷾a⧉ᨱ঑௝ Ɣ ƄƄ , _Ə _Ɓ , _Ň _Ɓ ۵bbqᗭ⦽݅.

2 ₉ಽࠥಽ᮹ᵝ᫵⦽✚ᖒᵲ⦹ӹ۵ᱡᗮ₉పᮝಽᯕ⦽a݅ᕽ

݅(stop-and-go) ⩥ᔢŝ₉పǑᯕ݅. Fig. 6ᮡ Ň Ɓ ᯕᔢ᮹ᇩᦩᱶ

Ʊ☖ඹᔢ┽ᨱᕽa݅ᕽ݅(stop-and-go) Ʊ☖ඹෝ Ň =0.3, 0.5 ಽ

(6)

Fig. 4. Traffic Flow Relationships With Ɣ

=2

Fig. 5. Traffic Flow Relationships With Ɣ

=3

Fig. 6. Stop-and-go Traffic Flow

Fig. 7. Behaviors of Vehicle Platoon

bbᅕᩍᵝŁᯩᮝ໑, ₉ప᮹ᯕ࠺ႊ⨆Ⳮᯕ݅. Ⅹʑ݉ĥᨱᕽ

₉ప᮹⪝ᰂᮡǎᇡᱢᮝಽၽᔾ⦹໑, ǎᇡᱢ⪝ᰂᮡᯝᱶ᜽eᯕ⬥

wide-moving jam ᮝಽᖒᰆ⦹Łᯩ݅. ᯕ్⦽ᖒᰆ᮹ŝᱶᨱᕽ

Ʊ☖ඹ᮹ᔢ┽۵⪝ᰂŝእ⪝ᰂƱ☖ඹಽ ᧲ᇥ⪵ࡹᨕa݅ᕽ݅

⩥ᔢᮥᖅ໦⦹Łᯩ݅. Fig. 7ᮡ Ň ƃƀ =0.15, _Ň _ƕƀ =0.01, ᱡᗮ₉ప

Ǎᖒእ( Ǝƒ _ƊƑ , 0.0~1.0)=0.05 ᮹ᔢ┽ᨱᕽ₉పǑ᮹⩶┽ෝᅕᩍᵝŁ

ᯩ݅. ⇵ᬵɩḡ᮹Ğᬑᱡᗮ₉ప᮹⬥ႊ₉పǑᮡ(ǎᇡᱢᯙ) a݅

ᕽ݅⩥ᔢᮥၹᅖ⦹໕ᕽᯝᱶʙᯕ᮹₉పǑᮥ⩶ᖒ⦹໕ᕽᱥႊᮝ ಽ׳ᮡၡࠥෝᱥ❭᜽┅Łᯩᮝ໑, ⇵ᬵᯕ⨩ᬊࡹ۵Ğᬑ₉పǑ᮹

( ǎᇡᱢᯙ) ⪝ᰂᮡⓍíၽᔾ⦹ḡᦫᮝ໕ᕽᅕ݅⧊ญᱢᮝಽ₉పǑ

ᮥ ⩶ᖒ⦹໕ᕽ ᱡᗮ₉పᮥ ⇵᳦⦹Ł ᯩ݅.

(7)

Fig. 8. Time-Space Trajectory: Stable State

Fig. 10. EB ƏàŇ Relationship According to Ň

_ƕƀ

: Ǝ

_ƍ

=0.0

Fig. 11. EB ƏàŇ Ň Ǝ

4.3 ౟ଁࡦ෴ଭඌԧ

⇵ᬵ༉⩶ᮥ ⠪a⦹ʑ ᭥⦽ ᜽ӹญ᪅۵ ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ Ñ᜽ᱢ

Ʊ☖ඹšĥᇥᕾđŝᨱʑⅩ⦹ᩍᯝၹ₉పŝᱡᗮ₉ప᮹[ Ɣ , Ǝ _ƌ ]ᮡbb[3, 0.22], [2, 0.15]ಽᖁᱶ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᯕĞᬑ[ Ɣ _ƄƄ , Ə Ɓ ] ۵ bb [60, 1,800], [40, 1,650]ᯕ݅. ⇵ᬵᵲ ₉ప᮹ Ğᬑ, Ɣ =4, _Ǝ _ƌ 0.19ಽᖅᱶ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ⇵ᬵ᜽⠪Ɂ↽ݡᗮࠥ۵᧞

82.1 ᯕ݅. əญŁ࠺ႊ⨆ᱡᗮ₉ప᮹Ǎᖒእ۵5%ಽ⦹ᩡ݅. ႊ⨆

ᄥၡࠥ۵࠺ႊ⨆ၡࠥ᮹Ğᬑ0.0~0.6ʭḡ0.1݉᭥ಽ6}, ᕽႊ⨆

ၡࠥ᮹Ğᬑ0.0~0.3ʭḡ0.05݉᭥ಽ7}ಽᖅᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. əญŁ

⇵ᬵ₉ಽᄡĞ⪶ශ( Ǝ _ƍ )۵8}[0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.75,

1.0] ᯕ݅. ঑௝ᕽᱥℕ༉᮹ᝅ⨹᜽ӹญ᪅۵336}ᯕ໑, bb᮹

Ğᬑᨱݡ⦹ᩍ7,200Ⅹ༉᮹ᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. đŝᇥᕾᮡ࠺ႊ⨆

ᮥ ʑᵡᮝಽ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅.

Fig. 8ŝ9۵࠺ႊ⨆ၡࠥ( Ň _ƃƀ )᪡ᕽႊ⨆ၡࠥ( Ň _ƕƀ )ᨱᕽ₉ప᮹

ȅᱢ(࠺ႊ⨆ḥ⧪ႊ⨆Ⳮ, ᕽႊ⨆ḥ⧪ႊ⨆ⳮ)ᮥᅕᩍᵝŁᯩᮝ໑, ᯥĥၡࠥ( Ň _Ɓ )᮹ʑᵡᮡ Ɣ =3, _Ǝ _ƌ 0.22ᯙĞᬑᯕ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱ ᕽ}ၽ⦽⇵ᬵ༉⩶ᮡ Ň =0.3 ᮹ĞᬑʭḡFig. 3ŝzᮡ⇵ᬵᝅ➉a

ၽᔾ⦹ḡᦫŁᯩ݅. ੱ⦽ Ň >0.3ᯙĞᬑ⪝ᰂƱ☖ඹಽᕽᔍᝅᔢ

⇵ᬵ᮹Ñ᮹ၽᔾ⦹ḡᦫ۵݅. ঑௝ᕽᖁ⧪ᩑǍ᮹݉ᱱᯙ⇵ᬵᝅ➉

ၰ ⪝ᰂᔢ┽ᨱᕽ እ ⇵ᬵᨱ ݡ⦽ ྙᱽෝ ɚᅖ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.

Fig. 10~13 ᮡ Ǝ ƍ =[0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0] ᄥ Ň ƕƀ =[0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3]ᨱ ঑ෙ ࠺ႊ⨆ Əà Ň ෝ ᅕᩍᵝŁ ᯩᮝ໑, Ň ƕƀ ð ×íÐ ᯙĞᬑ⪝ᰂƱ☖ඹᔢ┽ಽᕽ᮹ၙ۵ᨧ݅. ᇥᕾđŝ, Ǝ _ƍ =0.0ᯙĞᬑᷪ, ₉ಽɩḡǍe᮹ĞᬑƱ☖ඹ᮹ Ə _Ɓ 1620ݡ/᜽, Ň Ɓ 0.31ಽᇥᕾࡹŁᯩ݅. Ǝ ƍ a᷾a⦹໕⇵ᬵኩࠥa᷾a⦹ᩍ

Ʊ☖పᮡ᷾a⦹íࡽ݅. ə్ӹ Ň _ƕƀ < 0.15 ᯕŁ Ň _ƃƀ ð 0.3ᯙĞᬑ

⇵ᬵᨱ᮹⦽Ʊ☖ప᷾ݡ⬉ŝ۵Ñ᮹ၽᔾ⦹ḡᦫ۵݅. ᯕ۵ Ň ƃƀ ð 0.3ᯙĞᬑFig. 6ŝzᮡ⪝ᰂƱ☖ඹa᳕ᰍ⦹ᩍᱥႊ᳑Õᮥอ᳒

⦹ʑᨕಅᬑ໑, ᔍᝅᔢ᧞e᮹⇵ᬵᮥǍ⩥⦹ᩡḡอ⇵ᬵᮥᙹ⧪⦽

݅⦹޵௝ࠥ☖⧪᜽eᮥqᗭ᜽┍ᙹᨧʑভྙᯕ໑, Ň _ƕƀ < 0.15ᯙ

Ğᬑ₉పe⠪ɁእᱱᮁŖeᮡ᧞34m(5.67ᖡ1,000 /6.0*

0.15-1) ಽᕽ᳭⊂ႊ᳑Õᮥอ᳒⦹ʑᨕಖʑভྙᨱ⧊ญᱢđŝ௝

(8)

Fig. 12. EB Əà Ň Relationship According to Ň

_ƕƀ

: Ǝ

_ƍ

=0.5

Fig. 13. EB _{Əà Ň} Relationship According to _Ň

_ƕƀ

: _Ǝ

_ƍ

=1.0

Fig. 14. EB Əà Ň Relationship According to Ň

_ƍ

: Ǝ

_ƕƀ

=0.05

Fig. 15. EB _{Ƒ à Ň} Relationship According to _Ň

_ƍ

: _Ǝ

_ƕƀ

=0.05

❱݉ࡽ݅. ੱ⦽ Ǝ ƍ =1.0, _Ň _ƕƀ =0.0ᯙĞᬑᨱࠥᬊపᮡ᧞1,720ᮝಽ ᕽᯝၹ₉ప᮹ᬊపᯙ1,800ᨱࠥݍ⦹ḡᦫŁᯩ݅. ᯕ۵ᱡᗮ₉ప ᮹እᮉᯕ5%ᯙᔢ┽ᯕŁᱡᗮ₉ప᮹ᬊపᮥ1,650ᮝಽᖅᱶ⦹ᩡ

ʑভྙᯕ݅. ᔢݡᱢᮝಽ❱݉⦹໕ Ǝ _ƍ =0.0 ᯙĞᬑ1,620ݡ/᜽ᨱᕽ

⇵ᬵᮝಽᯙ⦹ᩍƱ☖పᮡ200ݡ᷾a⦹ᩡ݅Ł❱݉⧁ᙹᯩ݅.

ᯕᔢ᮹đŝෝ᫵᧞⦹໕ݡ⧎ႊ⨆ Ň ð ×íÎ ᯕŁ⧕ݚႊ⨆ Ň ð ×íÐÐ

ᷪ, ᱡᗮ₉ప᮹ᯥĥၡࠥᯕᔢᯙĞᬑ⧕ݚ2₉ಽ᧲ႊ⨆Ʊ☖ඹ

᜽ᜅ▽ᨱᕽ⇵ᬵಽᯙ⦽ᬊప᷾ݡ۵ၽᔾ⦹ḡᦫ۵݅. əญŁ⇵ᬵ

᮹ ᱶࠥ۵ Ǝ ƍ ᨱ ᮹⧕ ᖅ໦ᯕ a܆⦹໑, ݡ⧎ႊ⨆ Ň ð ×íÎ ᯕŁ

Ň ð ×íÐÐ ᯙĞᬑ Ǝ _ƍ ᮹ʑ܆ᮡᔢᝅࡽ݅. ⩥ᝅᱢᮝಽ Ǝ _ƍ ᮹ʑ܆ᯕ

ᔢᝅࡹ۵⧕ݚၡࠥ᳑Õᨱᕽ₉ప⇵ᬵᮡๅᬑ᭥⨹⦽ᯝᯕ໑₉ప

⇵ᬵᮥᙹ⧪⦽݅⦹޵௝ࠥ⇵ᬵಽᯙ⦽☖⧪᜽eqᗭ⬉ŝ۵ๅᬑ

ၙእ⦹݅.

Fig. 14 ᪡15۵ Ǝ _ƍ ᮹ᄡ⪵ᨱ঑ෙ Əà Ň ŝ Əà Ƒ ᮹ᄡ⪵ᱶࠥෝ

ᅕᩍᵝŁᯩ݅(bəฝᨱᕽdiff۵[ Ǝ ƍ =1.0ᯙĞᬑÑ᜽ᱢᄡᙹ

- _Ǝ _ƍ =0.0 ᯙĞᬑÑ᜽ᱢᄡᙹ]ᮥ᮹ၙ⧉). ⧕ݚ༉᮹ᝅ⨹᳑Õᨱᕽ

Ǝ ƍ ۵ × = Ň = ×íÐÐ ᨱᕽ⧊ญᱢᮝಽ⇵ᬵᮥᖅ໦⦹Łᯩᮝ໑, ᧞

205 ݡᙹᵡᨱᕽᖅ໦ᯕa܆⦽äᮝಽӹ┡ӹŁᯩᮝ໑, ⇵ᬵᮡ

⧕ݚƱ☖ඹ᜽ᜅ▽᮹ᗮࠥ᷾aಽၹᩢࡽ݅. Ň ƃƀ = ×íÎÒ ᨱᕽ࠺ႊ

⨆Ʊ☖ඹ᮹⠪Ɂᗮࠥ۵↽ᗭ40.5km/᜽ᨱᕽ↽ݡ52.9km/᜽ಽ

ᄡ⪵⦹Łᯩ݅. ᯕ۵ Ǝ ƍ ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⇵ᬵƱ☖పᐱอᦥܩ௝ᯕಽ

ᯙ⦽ Ʊ☖ඹ᮹ ᗮࠥෝ ᖅ໦⧁ ᙹ ᯩᮭᮥ ᮹ၙ⦽݅.

5. đುၰ⨆⬥ᩑǍ

ǎԕ᮹Ğᬑᕽࢱᨱᕽᨙɪ⦽⦥᫵ᖒᨱࠥᇩǍ⦹Ł2₉ಽ᧲ႊ

⨆₉ప༉⩶ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ۵ᝅḩᱢᮝಽᱥྕ⦽ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ঑௝ᕽ

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵᧲Ⴢ⨆2₉ಽ₉ప༉⩶[₉ప⇵᳦+⇵ᬵ༉⩶]ᮥ}ၽ

⦹Łᝅ⨹ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹ᩍəᱢᬊa܆ᖒᮥ⪶ᯙ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, đು

ၰ ⨆⬥ᩑǍ۵ ݅ᮭŝ z݅.

ℌṙ, ᝅ᜽eݡȽ༉ࠥಽ฾᮹༉᮹ᝅ⨹ᨱᖒŖ⦽₉ప༉⩶ᮡ

CA ʑၹ₉ప༉⩶ᯕᮁᯝ⦽ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ঑௝ᕽᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ}ၽࡽ

CAᯕುʑၹ2₉ಽ₉ప༉⩶ᮡᩑᔑᙹ⧪ᯕๅᬑ዁෕໑ີ༉ญ

⊂໕ᨱᕽ ݡȽ༉ aಽ฾᮹ ᱢᬊᨱ ᬊᯕ⦹݅.

ࢹṙ, ⪶ᰆࡽ₉పeĊ( ƅ ƃ )ᮥ᯦ࠥ⦹ᩍ}ၽࡽ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ᮡ

Ɣ ᄥಽ݅᧲⦽Ñ᜽ᱢƱ☖ඹ( Əà Ň , _{Ƒ à Ň} ) šĥ᪡ᯱᮁƱ☖ඹ

ᗮࠥ( Ɣ ƄƄ )ෝǍ⩥⦹ᩡᮝ໑, 2₉ಽࠥಽ᮹✚Ḷᯙ₉పǑŝa݅ᕽ

݅ ⩥ᔢᮥ ⬉ŝᱢᮝಽ ᖅ໦⦹ᩡ݅.

ᖬṙ, }ၽࡽ⇵ᬵ༉⩶ᮡ⪶ශᄡᙹ( Ǝ ƍ )ෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ₉ప᮹⇵ᬵ

ŝ޵ᇩᨕƱ☖ඹ᮹Ʊ☖పŝᗮࠥෝᖅ໦⧁ᙹᯩᮭᮥᅕᩡᮝ໑,

(9)

ᦩᱶƱ☖ඹ᪡ᇩᦩᱶƱ☖ඹᨱᕽə⬉ŝෝᅕᩡ݅. ঑௝ᕽᖁ⧪ᩑ Ǎᨱᕽᗭ}ࡽ⇵ᬵ༉⩶᮹݉ᱱᯙ⪝ᰂƱ☖ඹᔢ┽ᨱᕽእ⩥ᝅᱢ

⇵ᬵᮥ ⩥ᝅᱢᮝಽ ᖅ໦⦹ᩡ݅.

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ}ၽࡽCAʑၹ2₉ಽ₉ప༉⩶ᮡݡȽ༉aಽ฾ᮥ

༉᮹ᝅ⨹⦹ʑ ᭥⦹ᩍ }ၽࡹᨩᮝ໑, ⨆⬥ ᩑǍ۵ ݅ᮭŝ z݅.

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᩑᗮඹෝݡᔢᮝಽ༉⩶ᮥ}ၽ⦹ᩡ݅. ə్ӹ

ǎࠥ Ʊ☖ඹ۵ ݉ᗮඹ᪡ ᩑᗮඹ Ǎeᯕ Ŗ᳕⦽݅. ঑௝ᕽ ⨆⬥

ᩑǍಽ۵ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ}ၽࡽ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ᮥʑၹᮝಽᝁ⪙Ʊ₉ ಽᨱᕽ ༉⩶ᮥ }ၽ⦹ᩍ᧝ ⦽݅.

ǎࠥ۵ᇡa₉ಽ(᪅෕ส₉ಽ, ᧲ᅕ₉ಽ, ▕ᦥᬤ॒)ෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ

⬉ŝᱢᬕᬕᩢᮥࠥ༉⦹Łᯩ݅. ঑௝ᕽ༉⩶᮹ᱢᬊᮥ᭥⧕ᕽ۵

ᇡa₉ಽᨱݡ⦽₉ప⇵᳦ŝ₉ಽᄡĞ༉⩶᮹}ၽᯕ⦥᫵⦹໑,

⨆⬥ḡᗮᱢᯙᩑǍ᪡⩥ᰆ᳑ᔍsᮥʑၹᮝಽ2₉ಽƱ☖ඹ᮹

✚ᖒᨱ ݡ⦽ ༉⩶᮹ ❭௝ၙ░ ᱶᝁᯕ ⦥᫵⦹݅.

qᔍ᮹ɡ

ᯕםྙᮡᯙ⃽ݡ⦺Ʊ2013֥ࠥᯱℕᩑǍእ(ǎᱽŖ࠺ᩑǍእ) ḡᬱᨱ ᮹⦹ᩍ ᩑǍࡹᨩᮭ

References

ARRB (1985). Technical manual ATM 10A; A model for simulating traffic on two-lane rural roads: User Guide and Manual for TRARR Version 3.0.

Barlovic, R., Santen, L., Schadschneider, A. and Schreckenberg, M.

(1997). “Meta-stable states in CA models for traffic flow.” Traffic And Granular Flow 97, Springer, pp. 335-340.

Beckman, R. J. et al. (1997). TRANSIMS Dallas/Fort worth case study report, Los Alamos Unclassified Report LA-UR to be released, Los Alamos National Laboratory, TSA-Division, Los Alamos NM 87545, USA.

Chang, H. and Lee, S. (2003). “A study on link travel time prediction by short term simulation based on CA.” Journal of Korean Society of Transportation, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 91-102 (in Korean).

Chang, H., Baek, S. and Park, J. (2004). “A study on stochastic wave propagation model to generate various uninterrupted traffic flows.” Journal of Korean Society of Transportation, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 147-158 (in Korean).

Chang, H., Baek, S., Kim, H., Shah, A. A., Lee, J. D. and Mahalik, N. P. (2008). “Development of distributed real-time decision support system for traffic management centers using microscopic CA model.” Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, Transaction B, Engineering, Vol. 31, No. B2, pp. 155-166.

Chang, H., Baek, S., Namkoong, J. and Yoon, B. (2005). “Some findings of CA models to generate various freeway traffic flows

with additional rules.” Journal of EASTS, Vol. 6, pp. 1368-1381.

Cho, J., Kim, J., Kho, S. and Kim, C. (2001). “A traffic flow micro-simulation system using cellular automata.” Journal of Korean Society of Transportation, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 133-144 (in Korean).

Choen, S. and Rho, J. (2001). “Development of a traffic simulation model analyzing the effects of highway incidents using the CA(Cellular Automata) model.” Journal of Korean Society of Transportation, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 219-227 (in Korean).

Chopard, B., Dupuis, A. and Luthi, P. (1997). “A cellular automata model for urban traffic and its application to the city of geneva.”

Traffic And Granular Flow 97, Springer, pp. 153-168.

Goldblatt, R. (1981). Review of existing two-lane, two-way rural road computer simulation models.

Lee, J., Choi, Y., Yoon, Y. and Yoon, H. (1993). “Development of two-lane, two-way highway simulation program (TWOPAS) for Korean condition.” Journal of Korean Society of Transportation, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 23-36 (in Korean).

May, A. D., Botha, J. L. and Bryant, R. S. (1980). “A decision- making framework for evaluation of climbing lanes on two-lane, two-way rural roads.” Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, FHWA & CALTRANS.

Nagel, K. (1996). Particle hopping models and traffic flow theory, Physical Review E. Copyright by The American Physical Society.

Nagel, K. and Schreckenberg, M. (1992). “A cellular automaton model for freeway traffic.” Journal of Physics Issue 2, pp.

2221-2229.

Nagel, K., Stretz, P., Pieck, M., Leckey, S. and Donnelly, R., Barrett, C. L. (1999). TRANSIMS traffic flow characteristics.

Rickert, M., Nagel, K., Schreckenberg, M. and Latour, A. (1996).

“Two lane traffic simulations using cellular automata.” Physica A 231 pp. 534-550.

Schadschneider, A. and Schreckenberg, M. (1997). “Traffic models with ‘slow-to- start’ rules.” Ann. Physic 6, p. 541.

Schreckenberg, M. (2002). “Simulation of the Autobahn Traffic in North Rhine-West phalia.” International Symposium on Transport Simulation, pp. 193-200.

Takayasu, M. and Takayasu, H. (1993). “Phase transition and 1/f type noise in one dimensional asymmetric particle dynamics.”

Fractals, Vol. 1, Issue 4, pp. 860-866.

TRB (1978). Grade effects on traffic flow stability and capacity, NCHRP Report 185.

Wagner, P., Nagel, K. and Wolf, D. E. (1997). “Realistic multi-lane traffic rules for cellular automata.” Physica A 234 pp. 687-698.

Yoon, B. (2009). “Development of lane-changing model for two-lane freeway traffic based on CA.” Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 29, No. 3D, pp. 329-334 (in Korean).

Yoon, B. (2011). “Development of lane-lane highway vehicle model

based on discrete time and space.” Journal of the Korean Society

of Civil Engineers, Vol. 31, No. 6D, pp. 785-791 (in Korean).

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Development of More Realistic Overtaking Behavior Model in CA-Based Two-Lane Highway Environment

Received June 19, 2013/ revised July 15, 2013/ accepted August 12, 2013

Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

 ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹ͸ͷʹȀ ǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵Ǥ͸ǤʹͶ͹͵ Ǥ ǤǤ

ଗࣦ୺

Yoon, Byoung Jo*

Development of More Realistic Overtaking Behavior Model in CA-Based Two-Lane Highway Environment

ABSTRACT

Key words : Two-lane highway, Vehicle model, Cellular automata, Unstable state, Realistic overtaking

Ⅹಾ

2₉ಽ᧲ႊ⨆Ʊ☖ඹ᮹ᵝ᫵⦽✚Ḷᮡᱡᗮ₉పᮝಽᯙ⦽₉పǑŝ₉ప⇵ᬵᯕ݅. ঑௝ᕽƱ☖ඹ༉᮹ᝅ⨹ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ2₉ಽࠥಽƱ☖ඹ᮹ၙ

ᬵᮥᖅ໦⦹ᩡ݅. ঑௝ᕽᅙםྙᨱᕽᱽ᜽ࡽ₉ప༉⩶ᮡᅕ݅޵⩥ᝅᱢᮝಽ2₉ಽࠥಽƱ☖ඹ᮹ᇥᕾᨱ⪽ᬊࢁᙹᯩᮥäᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅.

áᔪᨕ 2₉ಽࠥಽ, ₉ప༉⩶, Cellular automata, ᇩᦩᱶƱ☖ඹ, ⩥ᝅᱢ₉ప⇵ᬵ

 İࣀėॡ

1. ᩑǍ᮹႑Ğၰ༊ᱢ

ǎԕᯝၹǎࠥ, ḡႊࠥ(ǎḡࠥ⡍⧉), Ǒࠥ᮹⡍ᰆࠥⅾᩑᰆ(km, 2009֥12ᬵʑᵡ)ᮡ42,609ಽᕽᯕᵲ2₉ಽ᧲ႊ⨆ࠥಽ(ᯕ⦹

2 ₉ಽ ࠥಽ)۵ 34,254ಽᕽ ᧞ 80.4%ෝ ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ə్ӹ

2₉ಽࠥಽᇥᕾᮥ᭥⦽᜽ဍ౩ᯕ░۵ၙǎᨱᕽ}ၽࡽTWOPAS (TWO-lane PASsing) ᮹᯦ಆᄡᙹෝǎԕ⪹Ğᨱ฿í᳑ᱶ⦹ᩍ

ᯕᬊ⦹Łᯩ۵ᙹᵡᮝಽᕽ2₉ಽࠥಽෝᇥᕾ⦹ʑ᭥⦽᜽ဍ౩ᯕ░

᮹ }ၽᮡ ᔍᝅᔢ ᱥྕ⦽ ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ᯕ᪡ ޵ᇩᨕ ᜽ဍ౩ᯕ░ෝ

}ၽ⦹ʑ᭥⦽2₉ಽ₉ప༉⩶ᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍࠥๅᬑᇡḥ⦽ᔢ┽ᯕ݅.

঑௝ᕽ2₉ಽࠥಽ᜽ဍ౩ᯕ░ෝ}ၽ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵2₉ಽࠥಽ ᨱݡ⦽ ༉⩶}ၽᯕݚ໕ŝᱽ௝⧁ᙹᯩ݅. ə్ӹšಉ༉⩶᮹

}ၽᨱݡ⦽ᖁ⧪ᩑǍ۵ᩑᗮඹ᪡݉ᗮඹෝݡᔢᮝಽᵝಽᙹ⧪ࡹ

Łᯩᮝ໑, ₉ప⇵᳦ŝ₉ప⇵ᬵᯕđ⧊ࡽ2₉ಽࠥಽ₉ప༉⩶ᨱ

ݡ⦽ ᩑǍ۵ ᱥྕ⦽ ᔢ┽௝Ł ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ⇵aᱢᮝಽ Corsim, Vissim, Paramics ॒ŝ zᮡ ၙ᜽ᱢ ₉ప ᜽ဍ౩ᯕ░۵ 2₉ಽ

ࠥಽ᮹✚ᖒᯙ₉పǑŝ₉ప⇵ᬵᮥ⩥ᝅᱢᮝಽǍ⩥⧁ᙹᨧ۵

⦽ĥa ᯩ݅.

ᯕ్⦽ྙᱽෝɚᅖ⦹Łᯱ☖ĥྜྷญ⦺ŝᯕᔑᱢ᜽Ŗeᮥʑၹ ᮝಽ⦹۵Cellular Automata(ᯕ⦹CA)ෝᯕᬊ⦽2₉ಽ₉ప༉⩶

ᯕ}ၽࡹᨩᮝӹ(Yoon, 2011), ᯥĥၡࠥᯕᔢ᮹ᇩᦩᱶƱ☖ඹᨱ ᕽ₉ప⇵ᬵᮥŝݡੱ۵እ⩥ᝅᱢᮝಽᖅ໦⦹۵⦽ĥෝaḡŁ

ᯩᨩ݅. ঑௝ᕽ ᅙ ᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ ᖁ⧪ᩑǍᨱ ݡ⦽ ⬥ᗮ ᩑǍಽᕽ

ʑ᳕ᩑǍෝʑၹᮝಽᦩᱶƱ☖ඹ᪡ᇩᦩᱶƱ☖ඹᨱᕽ₉ప⇵ᬵ

ᮥᖅ໦⦹ʑ᭥⦽༉⩶ᮥ}ၽ⦹ᩡ݅. ༉᮹ᝅ⨹đŝ, ₉ప⇵ᬵ༉⩶

ᮡ ⇵ᬵᮥ ᭥⦽ Ŗe᮹ ⪶ᅕa a܆⦽ ၡࠥ(᧞0.3)᮹ ᙹᵡʭḡ

ᦩᱶƱ☖ඹ᪡ᇩᦩᱶƱ☖ඹᨱᕽʑ᳕༉⩶ᅕ݅⩥ᝅᱢᮝಽ₉ప

⇵ᬵᮥ Ǎ⩥⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᙹᱶࡽ ₉ప⇵ᬵ ༉⩶ᮡ ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ŝ

đ⧊⦹ᩍ2₉ಽࠥಽ᮹✚Ḷᯙ₉పǑᮥᅕ݅⩥ᝅᱢᮝಽᖅ໦⧁

ᙹ ᯩᮭᮥ ᅕᩡ݅.

2. ʑ᳕ᩑǍŁₑ

ᅙᩑǍ۵ݡȽ༉aಽ฾᜽ဍ౩ᯕᖹᮥ᭥⦽₉ప༉⩶ᨱᯕᬊࡹ

۵CAᯕುᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᅕ݅⩥ᝅᱢᯙ2₉ಽ₉ప༉⩶ᮥ}ၽ⦹Ł

əa܆ᖒᮥᝅ⨹ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹۵ߑə༊ᱢᯕᯩ݅. ঑௝ᕽʑ᳕ᩑ ǍŁₑᮡ2₉ಽ᜽ဍ౩ᯕᖹ༉⩶ŝCAʑၹ₉ప༉⩶ᮝಽᙹ⧪⦹

ࠥಾ ⦽݅.

2 ₉ಽ ࠥಽ᮹ Ʊ☖ඹ ᇥᕾᮥ ᭥⦽ ༉᮹ᝅ⨹ʑ۵ TWOPAS (TWO-lane PASsing), TRARR(TRAffic on Rural Roads), SOVT(Simulation Of Vehicle Traffic) ॒ᯕᯩᮝ໑, TWOPAS

᪡TRARRaݡ⢽ᱢᮝಽฯᯕᯕᬊࡹŁᯩ݅. ၙǎ᮹MRI(Midwest

Research Institute) ᨱᕽ}ၽࡽTWOPAS᮹ᱥᝁᮡTWOWAF (TWO WAy Flow)ᯕ݅. TWOWAF۵NCHRP Report 185ᨱᕽ

ᱢᬊ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ⋹ญ⡍ܩᦥƱ☖ᇡ᮹2₉ಽࠥಽᩑǍ(May et al., 1986)ᨱᕽḲᵲᱢᮝಽá☁ࡽᯕ⬥, TTI(Texas Transportation Institute) ᨱᕽḡᗮᱢᯙ}ၽᮥᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ៉᪅۹ԁ᮹TWOPAS ಽᯕᨕᲙ᪅Łᯩ݅. ⪙ᵝᨱᕽ}ၽࡽTRARRᮡ⪙ᵝࠥಽᩑǍ᭥

ᬱ⫭(ARRB, Australian Road Research Board)ᨱᕽᯱℕᱢᮝಽ

}ၽ⦹ᩡ݅.

TWOPAS ۵݅᧲⦽ࠥಽ/Ʊ☖✚ᖒ(ࠥಽʑ⦹Ǎ᳑, ₉ಽ⡎, ᦿ ḡ෕ʑ᜽Ñ, ᦿḡ෕ʑ₉ಽ᮹ᮁྕ, Ʊ☖☖ᱽ, ᬕᱥᯱ✚ᖒ, Ʊ☖✚

ᖒ॒)ᮥ᯦ಆᯱഭಽᯕᬊ⦹ḡอ, TRARRᅕ݅ᩑᔑᗮࠥa۱ญ໑

ၙ░ჶᮥ ᱢᬊ⦹ḡ ᦫŁ ₉ప ᧁܩີᯕᖹᯕ ≉᧞⦹݅. ၹ໕, TRARR ᮡⴗTWOPASᅕ݅ᩑᔑᙹ⧪ᗮࠥa዁෕໑, ⴘၙ░ჶᮥ

ᔍᬊ⧉ᮝಽ ǎԕᨱ ᱢ⧊⦹໑, ⴙ₉ప ᨱܩີᯕᖹᯕ a܆⦹݅.

ǎԕ᮹Ğᬑ, TWOPASෝ᯦ࠥ⦹ᩍǎԕ᮹⪹Ğᨱᱢ⧊⦹ࠥಾ

(᯦ಆ) ❭௝ၙ░ෝ᳑ᱶ⦹ᩍ}ၽࡽTWOPAS K1aᯩᮝӹ(Lee et al., 1993), ࠦᯱᱢᯙ᜽ဍ౩ᯕ░۵}ၽࡹᨕᯩḡᦫᮡᝅᱶᯕ݅.

2₉ಽ ࠥಽ ᜽ဍ౩ᯕ░ }ၽᮥ ᭥⦽ 2₉ಽ ₉ప༉⩶᮹ }ၽᮡ

Yoon(2011) ᮹םྙᯕᮁᯝ⦽ᱶࠥಽᕽᔍᝅᔢ2₉ಽ₉ప༉⩶᮹

}ၽŝ šಉࡽ ᩑǍ۵ ᱥྕ⦽ ᝅᱶᯕ݅.

CA ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ᮡ1990֥ⅩၹᨱNaSch༉⩶(Nagel and Schereckenberg, 1992)ᯕᗭ}ࡽᯕ⬥, ­ Ï ༉⩶(Takayasu and Takayasu, 1993), BJM ༉⩶(Benjamin et al., 1996), Krauss༉⩶

(Krauss, 1997), ʑ᳕NaSch༉⩶ᮥᙹᱶ⦽VDR(Velocity Depending Randomization) ༉⩶(Schadschneider and Schrec-kenberg, 1997), MRO(Multi Regime Oriented) ༉⩶(Chang et al., 2005) ॒

݅᧲⦽༉⩶ᯕ}ၽࡹᨩᮝ໑, ✚⯩MRO༉⩶ᮡᬑญӹ௝Łᗮࠥಽ ᮹ ᝅ᜽e ᰆ௹ Ʊ☖ᔍŁᩢ⨆ᇥᕾᨱ ᱢᬊࡹᨩ݅(Chang et al., 2008).

CA ₉ಽᄡĞ༉⩶ᮡ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ᨱእ⦹ᩍ⡎մᮡᩑǍaᙹ⧪

ࡹḡ۵ ᦫŁ ᯩ݅. ᗭᙹ᮹ ₉ಽᄡĞ༉⩶(Rickert et al., 1996;

Wagner et al., 1997) ᯕᗭ}ࡹᨩᮝӹᯝႊ⨆݅₉ಽ᮹₉ಽᄡĞᮥ

ᖅ໦⦹ʑ᭥⦽༉⩶ᮝಽᕽ༉⩶᮹ɝeᮡ☖⧪᜽e↽ᱢ⪵᪡vᦶ ᱢ₉ಽᄡĞᮝಽᖅĥࡹᨩ݅. ǎԕ᮹Ğᬑ, Yoon(2009)۵ᩑᗮඹ

ෝݡᔢᮝಽᯝႊ2₉ಽ₉ಽᄡĞ༉⩶ᮥᗭ}⦹ᩡᮝ໑, Ʊ☖పᙹᵡ ᨱ঑௝݅᧲⦽₉ಽᯕᬊශᮥᖅ໦⧁ᙹᯩᮭᮥᝅ⨹ᱢᮝಽᅕᩡ݅.

ə్ӹCA₉ప༉⩶ᮡ݅ᮭ᮹⦽ĥෝaḡŁᯩ݅. ₉ప⇵᳦༉

⩶᮹Ğᬑ2₉ಽࠥಽ᮹ᵝ᫵✚ᖒᯙ₉పǑ᮹ᖅ໦ᯕᨕಅᬑ໑,

₉ಽᄡĞ༉⩶ᮡ2₉ಽࠥಽ᮹₉ಽᄡĞ⩶┽ᯙ₉ప⇵ᬵᮥᖅ໦⧁

ᙹᨧ۵⦽ĥෝaḡŁᯩ݅. ə్ӹ2₉ಽࠥಽ᮹₉ప⇵ᬵᨱ۵

ᱢᬊ⧁ᙹᨧ۵⦽ĥෝaḡŁᯩ݅. ঑௝ᕽǎԕ᮹ᯱℕᱢᯙ2₉ಽ

₉ప༉⩶ᯕᇡᰍ⦽⩥ᝅᨱᕽCAᯕುᮥʑၹᮝಽ⦹۵2₉ಽ₉ప

༉⩶᮹}ၽᮡฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ2₉ಽࠥಽಽǍᖒࡽᱥǎࠥಽ฾ᮥ

᜽ဍ౩ᯕᖹ⦹ʑ ᭥⦽ ᖁ⧪᫵ᗭ௝ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩā݅.

3. ₉ప༉⩶᮹}ၽ

2₉ಽ₉ప༉⩶ᮡ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ŝ₉ప⇵ᬵ༉⩶ᯕđ⧊ࡹᨕ᧝

⦽݅. ঑௝ᕽ ₉ప༉⩶᮹ }ၽᮡ ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ŝ ⇵ᬵ༉⩶ᮝಽ

Ǎᇥ⦹ᩍ ʑᚁ⦹ࠥಾ ⦽݅.

3.1 ఙ߆౟ஂࡦ෴ଭԹࢳ

NaSch ༉⩶(Nagel and Schereckenberg, 1992)ᮥɝeᮝಽCA

₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ᮡḡᗮᱢᯙ}ၽᯕᙹ⧪ࡹᨕ᪅Łᯩᮝӹ, ༉⩶᮹

ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹ͸ͷʹȀǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵Ǥ͸ǤʹͶ͹͵ ǤǤǤ

áᔪᨕ 2₉ಽࠥಽ, ₉ప༉⩶, Cellular automata, ᇩᦩᱶƱ☖ඹ, ⩥ᝅᱢ₉ప⇵ᬵ

İࣀėॡ

CA ₉ప⇵᳦༉⩶ᮡ1990֥ⅩၹᨱNaSch༉⩶(Nagel and Schereckenberg, 1992)ᯕᗭ}ࡽᯕ⬥, ^Ï ༉⩶(Takayasu and Takayasu, 1993), BJM ༉⩶(Benjamin et al., 1996), Krauss༉⩶

ᝁ, ⴙ₉పᯕ࠺᮹3݉ĥಽȽ⊺ᮝಽǍᖒࡹ໑, ༉ु₉పᨱݡ⦹

Ŗeᯙᖡ᮹}ᙹಽᖅ໦ࡹ۵ᱥႊgap( ƅ ƒ , ᖡ)ŝ₉ప᮹ᗮࠥ( Ɣ ƒ , ᖡ/Ⅹ)᮹᳑Õᯕ ƅ _ƒ = Ɣ _ƒ ᯙĞᬑᗮࠥᯕᔢᵝ⧪⧁ᙹᨧ۵݉ᱱᮥ

༉⩶᮹Ǎᖒᮡⴗᱥႊ₉ప᮹ᵝ⧪ᔢ┽ෝŁಅ⦽expanded gap ( _ƅ _ƃ ) ᮹ᔑᱶ, ⴘ(⪶ශᱢᗮࠥqᗭෝ☖⦽)ᗮࠥᝁ, ⴙ₉పᯕ࠺᮹

3.1.1 Expanded gap( _ƅ _ƃ ) ॺ୨

ƅ ƃ á ƅ _ƒ âã×ìãƔ _ƒ ^Ƅ ì ƅ _ƒ ^Ƅ à Îì Ɣ ^Ƅ à Îää (1)

ƅ _ƒ ^Ƅ : ᖁ⧪₉ప( Ƅ ) ᮹ ᜽e(t)ᨱᕽ ᱥႊ gap(ᖡ) Ɣ Ƅ : ᖁ⧪₉ప( Ƅ )᮹ ↽ݡᗮࠥ(ᖡ/Ⅹ)

If _{Ɛ ï Ǝ} _ƌ then

Ɣ ƒ âÎ á ã×ìãƔ _ƒ ì ƅ _ƃ à Îì Ɣ à Îää (2)

Ɣ _{ƒ âÎ} á ãƔ _ƒ âÎì ƅ _ƃ ì Ɣ ä (3)

Ɣ ƒ : ᜽e( ƒ ) ᨱᕽ ₉ప᮹ ᗮࠥ(ᖡ/Ⅹ) Ɣ _{ƒ âÎ} : ᜽e( ƒâÎ )ᨱᕽ ₉ప᮹ ᗮࠥ(ᖡ/Ⅹ) Ɣ : ₉ప᮹ ↽ݡᗮࠥ(ᖡ/Ⅹ)

Ǝ _ƌ : ྕ᯲᭥ᱢ qᗮ⪶ශ(0.0~1.0) Ɛ : ӽᙹs(0.0~1.0)

Ɩ ƒ âÎ á Ɩ _ƒ âƔ _{ƒ âÎ} (4)

Ɩ _{ƒ âÎ} : ᜽e( ƒâÎ ) ᨱᕽ ₉ప᮹ ᭥⊹

༉⩶⪵⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍFig. 2᪡zᯕ⇵ᬵ⧕᧝⧁Ñญᯙ⇵ᬵÑญ( Ƃ ƍ , ᖡ)᪡⇵ᬵÑญෝŁಅ⦽⇵ᬵ᜽e( ƒ _ƍ , Ⅹ) ࠺ᦩ᮹ᙽႊ⨆ᵝ⧪Ñญ

᪡ᩎႊ⨆⇵ᬵᵲ₉ప᮹ᵝ⧪ÑญෝŁಅ⦽ᱥႊᔢ┽Ñญ( Ƃ Ƒ , ᖡ)ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ⇵ᬵ₉ప᮹⇵ᬵÑญ( Ƃ _ƍ )۵᜽eݡ(t)ᨱᕽᖁ⧪

₉ప( Ƅ ) ᮹᭥⊹( Ɩ _ƒ ^Ƅ ) ᪡⇵᳦₉ప᮹᭥⊹( Ɩ _ƒ ) ෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍEq.(5)᪡zᯕ

Ƃ ƍ á Ɩ _ƒ ^Ƅ à Ɩ _ƒ âÎ , _Ɩ _ƒ ^Ƅ ð Ɩ _ƒ (5)

⇵ᬵ᜽e( ƒ _ƍ , Ⅹ)ᮡ⇵ᬵÑญ( Ƃ _ƍ ), ⇵ᬵ₉ప᮹᜽eݡ(t)ᨱᕽᗮ

ࠥ( Ɣ ƒ ƍ ), ⇵ᬵ aᗮࠥ( ſ ƍ , ᖡ/Ⅹ), ⇵ᬵ ↽ݡᗮࠥ( Ɣ ƍ ), ᖁ⧪( Ǝ ) ᱡᗮ₉ప( Ɗ )᮹↽ݡᗮࠥ( Ɣ ^ƎìƊ , ᖡ/Ⅹ)ෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᔑᱶ⦹໑, Eq.(6) ᮹᳑Õᮥอ᳒⦹۵⇵ᬵ᜽e( ƒ _ƍ ) ᵲ↽ᗭsᯕ݅. ⇵ᬵ᜽eᯕ⬥

t åãƔ _ƒ ^ƍ âƒ _ƍ Z ſ ƍ ìƔ ^ƍ äà Ɣ ^ƎìƊ æ > Ƃ _ƍ (6)