비밀노트닷컴

1.

In today’s marketing and advertising-soaked world, people cannot escape brands. The younger they are when they start using a brand or product, the more likely they are to keep using it for years to come. But that’s not the only reason 1 companies are aiming their marketing and advertising at younger consumers. As James U. McNeal, a professor at Texas A&M University, puts it,

“Seventy-five percent of spontaneous food purchases can be traced to a nagging child. And one out of two mothers will buy a food simply because her child requests it. To trigger desire in a child is to trigger desire in the whole family.” In other words, kids have power over spending in their households, they have power over their grandparents and they have power over their babysitters. That’s why companies use tricks to manipulate their minds.

The Benefits and Risks of Adolescent Employment

①

Children as Consumers in Advertising and

②

Marketing

Parental Style and Consumer Socialization of

③ Children

The difference between Adults and Teenagers in

④

Purchases

How Does Consumer Culture Undermine

⑤

Children’s Well-Being?

2.

In the late 1970s, Douglas Adams wrote his science fiction novel, subsequently a movie, The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. In it, he identifies one problem facing space travelers: the ① inability to communicate clearly with one another because of the wide variety of languages spoken. Yet a little creature that came to be called Babel Fish ② evolved that, when placed in the ear, would automatically and clearly translate what a person was saying into the listener’s own language. The Babel fish has led to significant consequences for the Universe and it has started more and bloodier wars than anything else in the history of creation, because it has ③ eradicated all barriers to communication. Once people clearly understood one another and assigned similar meanings to

words, this ④ obscurity sharply defined their differences and led to war. This movie shows that the removal of language barrier helped contribute to ⑤ clash.

3.

People have a need to maintain an image of self-integrity. In an early demonstration of this, Steele (1975) threatened women’s self-images by telling them that, as members of their community, it was common knowledge that they either were cooperative with community projects, uncooperative with community projects, or not concerned about driving safely. (A fourth, control group received no information relevant to their self-images.) Two days later, a fellow researcher called each woman, asking her to list every food item in her kitchen to help a food cooperative. Women who had been told they were uncooperative people or careless drivers two days earlier helped the researcher almost twice as much as women in the other groups. Steele explains this effect in terms of the women’s motive to . Thus, threats to people’s self-images induce a desire to reestablish their self-integrity.

reinforce their imaginary self-images

①

suppress their desires in front of others

②

reestablish their self-concepts as cooperative

③ people

build their team cooperation regardless of any

④

circumstances

rebuild their self-images by accumulating

⑤

common knowledge

4.

One study brought in a large group of students to do “market research on high-tech headphones.” The students ① were told that the researchers wanted to test how well the headphones worked while they were in motion. Following the songs, the researchers played an argument about ② how the university’s tuition should raise from $587 per semester to $750 per semester. One group of students had been told to move their heads up and down throughout the music and the speaking.

Another group was told to move their heads from side to side. A last group was told to make no movements at all. After “testing the headsets,” the students ③ were asked to fill out a questionnaire about not only the headsets, but also the university’s tuition. Those nodding their heads up and down (yes motion) overall rated a jump in tuition as favorable. Those shaking their heads side to side (no motion) overall wanted the tuition to be lowered. Those who had not moved their heads didn’t really ④ seem to be persuaded one way or the other. This study shows ⑤ the type of physical movement influenced how convincing they found an argument.

5.

You’d think that whenever more than one person makes a decision, they’d draw on collective wisdom.

Surely, a group of minds can do better than an individual. Unfortunately, that’s not always the case.

The wisdom of a crowd partly relies on the fact that all judgments are independent. If people guess the weight of a cow and put it on a slip of paper, or estimate the likelihood of a revolution in Pakistan and enter it into a website, the average of their views is highly accurate. But, surprisingly, if those people talk about these questions in a group, the answers that they come to are increasingly incorrect. More specifically, researchers have found an effect of group polarization. Whatever bias people may have as individuals gets multiplied when they discuss things as a group. If individuals lean slightly toward taking a risk, the group leaps toward it.

The negative aspect of collective wisdom

①

The accurate result from public ideas

②

The positive effect of national leadership

③

The intelligence of community is good for us

④

The proper provision of collective decision

⑤

6.

One study brought in a large group of students to do “market research on high-tech headphones.”

The students were told that the researchers wanted to test how well the headphones worked while they were in motion. Following the songs, the researchers played an argument about how the university’s tuition should be raised from $587 per semester to $750 per semester. One group of students had been told to move their heads up and down throughout the music and the speaking.

Another group was told to move their heads from side to side. A last group was told to make no movements at all. After “testing the headsets,” the students were asked to fill out a questionnaire about not only the headsets, but also the university’s tuition. Those nodding their heads up and down (yes motion) overall rated a jump in tuition as favorable. Those shaking their heads side to side (no motion) overall wanted the tuition to be lowered. Those who had not moved their heads didn’t really seem to be persuaded one way or the other.

최첨단 헤드폰의 성능과 관련된 실험을 실시하였

① 다.

피실험자는 노래와 함께 논쟁의 발언도 들었다.

②

논쟁은 대학등록금 인상에 반대하는 내용이다.

③

각각 그룹은 듣는 동안 신체적 움직임을 달리하였

④ 다.

움직이지 않는 그룹은 어느 쪽으로도 설득 당하지

⑤ 않았다.

7.

Imagine two students examining their grades on a math test. One student tries hard but rarely gets a grade higher than a “C.” The other is the top math student in the school; she always gets an “A.” On this particular test, however, both students receive a

“B.” These students might use the same words in discussing their grades, but with a remarkably different tone. The first student would likely deliver the sentence “I got a ‘B’ on the math test” with some surprise and ( A ) in her voice. She would sound excited and hopeful. The second student’s tone would indicate that she was not happy and suggest ( B ) or worry. Both students used the same words, but they did not mean the same thing. The different tones mark the differences in the students’ feelings.

(A) (B) pleasure

① confidence

delight

② dejection

resentment

③ embarrassment

happiness

④ amusement

cynicalness

⑤ disappointment

8.

That is to say, no other members are more influential than kids in household economy.

In today’s marketing and advertising-soaked world, people cannot escape brands. The younger they are when they start using a brand or product, the more likely they are to keep using it for years to come. ( ① ) But that’s not the only reason 1 companies are aiming their marketing and advertising at younger consumers. ( ② ) As James U. McNeal, a professor at Texas A&M University, puts it, “Seventy-five percent of spontaneous food purchases can be traced to a nagging child. ( ③ ) And one out of two mothers will buy a food simply because her child requests it. ( ④ ) To trigger desire in a child is to trigger desire in the whole family.” ( ) That’s why companies use tricks to manipulate

⑤

their minds.

9.

In the late 1970s, Douglas Adams wrote his science fiction novel, subsequently a movie, The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. In it, he identifies one problem facing space travelers: the inability to communicate clearly with one another because of the wide variety of languages spoken. ( A ) a little creature that came to be called Babel Fish evolved that, when placed in the ear, would automatically and clearly translate what a person was saying into the listener’s own language.

Surprisingly, ( B ) helping relationships among different races by promoting clear understanding, the end results of using Babel Fish were some of the bloodiest wars known to the universe. Once people clearly understood one another and assigned similar meanings to words, this clarity sharply defined their differences and led to war.

(A) (B) However rather than

①

But because of

②

Yet owing to

③

On the other hand in spite of

④

In other words better than

⑤

10.

You’d think that whenever more than one person makes a decision, they’d draw on collective wisdom.

Surely, a group of minds can do better than an individual. Unfortunately, that’s not always the case.

The wisdom of a crowd partly relies on the fact that all judgments are ①separate. If people guess the weight of a cow and put it on a slip of paper, or estimate the likelihood of a revolution in Pakistan and enter it into a website, the average of their views is ②considerably accurate. But, surprisingly, if those people talk about these questions in a group, the answers that they come to are increasingly ③flawless. More specifically, researchers have found an effect of group polarization. Whatever ④prejudice people may have as individuals gets multiplied when they discuss things as a group. If individuals lean slightly toward taking a risk, the group ⑤jumps to it.

11.

People have a need to ____________________. In an early demonstration of this, Steele (1975) threatened women’s self-images by telling them that, as members of their community, it was common knowledge that they either were cooperative with community projects, uncooperative with community projects, or not concerned about driving safely. (A fourth, control group received no information relevant to their self-images.) Two days later, a fellow researcher called each woman, asking her to list every food item in her kitchen to help a food cooperative. Women who had been told they were uncooperative people or careless drivers two days earlier helped the researcher almost twice as much as women in the other groups. Steele explains this effect in terms of the women’s motive to restore their self-concepts as cooperative people.

cooperate for community projects

①

recovery the lack of motives

②

help people in need

③

regain the impaired reputation

④

avoid uncooperative people for common good

⑤

12.

That is to say, no other members are more influential than kids in household economy.

In today’s marketing and advertising-soaked world, people cannot escape brands. The younger they are when they start using a brand or product, the more likely they are to keep using it for years to come. ( ① ) But that’s not the only reason 1 companies are aiming their marketing and advertising at younger consumers. ( ② ) As James U. McNeal, a professor at Texas A&M University, puts it, “Seventy-five percent of spontaneous food purchases can be traced to a nagging child. ( ③ ) And one out of two mothers will buy a food simply because her child requests it. ( ④ ) To trigger desire in a child is to trigger desire in the whole family.” ( ⑤ ) That’s why companies use tricks to manipulate their minds.

13.

You’d think that whenever more than one person makes a decision, they’d draw on collective wisdom.

Surely, a group of minds can do better than an individual. Unfortunately, that’s not always the case.

The wisdom of a crowd partly ①relies on the fact that all judgments are independent. If people guess the weight of a cow and put it on a slip of paper, or estimate the likelihood of a revolution in Pakistan and enter it into a website, the average of their views is ②highly accurate. But, surprisingly, if those people talk about these questions in a group, the answers ③what they come to are increasingly incorrect. More specifically, researchers have found an effect of group polarization. Whatever bias people may have as individuals gets ④multiplied when they discuss things as a group. If individuals lean slightly toward taking a risk, the group leaps toward ⑤it.

14.

In the late 1970s, Douglas Adams wrote his science fiction novel, subsequently a movie, The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. In it, he identifies one problem facing space travelers. The problem was that they were (A) [capable / incapable] of communicating clearly with one another because of the wide variety of languages spoken. Yet a little creature that came to be called Babel Fish evolved that, when placed in the ear, would automatically and clearly translate what a person was saying into the listener’s own language. Surprisingly, rather than (B) [facilitating / undermining] relationships among different races by promoting clear understanding, the end results of using Babel Fish were some of the bloodiest wars known to the universe. Once people clearly understood one another and assigned similar meanings to words, this (C) [clarity / ambiguity] sharply defined their differences and led to war.

(A) (B) (C) capable facilitating clarity

①

capable undermining ambiguity

②

incapable facilitating ambiguity

③

incapable facilitating clarity

④

incapable undermining ambiguity

⑤

15.

In today’s marketing and advertising-soaked world, people cannot escape brands. The younger they are when they start using a brand or product, the more likely they are to keep using it for years to come. But that’s not the only reason companies are aiming their marketing and advertising at younger consumers. As James U. McNeal, a professor at Texas A&M University, puts it, “Seventy-five percent of spontaneous food purchases can be traced to a nagging child. And one out of two mothers will buy a food simply because her child requests it. To trigger desire in a child is to trigger desire in the whole family.” In other words, kids have power over spending in their households, they have power over their grandparents and they have power over their babysitters. That's why .

food companies are flourishing in the market

①

most products are geared towards grown-ups

②

parents tend to be very strict with their children

③

parents recognize problems in their children's

④

shopping patterns

companies take advantage of a sales gimmick

⑤

to keep the children occupied

16.

You’d think that whenever more than one person makes a decision, they’d draw on collective wisdom.

Surely, a group of minds can do better than an individual. Unfortunately, that’s not always the case.

The wisdom of a crowd partly (A)[rely / relies] on the fact that all judgments are independent. If people guess the weight of a cow and put it on a slip of paper, or estimate the likelihood of a revolution in Pakistan and enter it into a website, the average of their views is highly accurate. But, surprisingly, if those people talk about these questions in a group, the (B)[answers / answer] that they come to are increasingly incorrect. More specifically, researchers have found an effect of group polarization. Whatever bias people may have as individuals (C)[get / gets] multiplied when they discuss things as a group. If individuals lean slightly toward taking a risk, the group leaps toward it.

(A) (B) (C)

rely

① answers get

relies

② answers get

rely

③ answer gets

relies

④ answers gets

relies

⑤ answer gets

17.

Imagine two students examining their grades on a math test. One student tries hard but rarely gets a grade higher than a “C.” The other is the top math student in the school; she always gets an “A.”

(A) The second student’s tone would indicate that she was not happy and suggest disappointment or worry. Both students used the same words, but they did not mean the same thing. The different tones mark the differences in the students’ feelings.

(B) On this particular test, however, both students receive a “B.” These students might use the same words in discussing their grades, but with a remarkably different tone.

(C) The first student would likely deliver the sentence “I got a ‘B’ on the math test” with some surprise and happiness in her voice. She would sound excited and hopeful.

(A) - (C) - (B)

① ② (B) - (A) - (C)

(B) - (C) - (A)

③ ④ (C) - (A) - (B)

(C) - (B) - (A)

⑤

18.

One study brought in a large group of students to do “market research on high-tech headphones.”

The students were told that the researchers wanted to test how well the headphones worked while they were in motion. Following the songs, the researchers played an argument about how the university’s tuition should be (A)[risen / raised] from

$587 per semester to $750 per semester. One group of students had been told to move their heads up and down throughout the music and the speaking. Another group was told to move their heads from side to side. A last group was told to make no movements at all. After “testing the headsets,” the students were asked to fill out a questionnaire about not only the headsets, but also the university’s tuition. Those (B)[nodding / nodded]

their heads up and down (yes motion) overall rated a jump in tuition as (C)[favorably / favorable].

Those shaking their heads side to side (no motion) overall wanted the tuition to be lowered. Those who had not moved their heads didn’t really seem to be persuaded one way or the other.

(A) (B) (C) risen

① nodding favorably

raised

② nodding favorable

raised

③ nodding favorably

raised

④ nodded favorable

risen

⑤ nodded favorable

19.

Women who had been told they were uncooperative people or careless drivers two days earlier helped the researcher almost twice as much as women in the other groups.

( ① ) People have a need to maintain an image of self-integrity. ( ② ) In an early demonstration of this, Steele (1975) threatened women’s self-images by telling them that, as members of their community, it was common knowledge that they either were cooperative with community projects, uncooperative with community projects, or not concerned about driving safely. (A fourth, control group received no information relevant to their

self-images.) ( ➂ ) Two days later, a fellow researcher called each woman, asking her to list every food item in her kitchen to help a food cooperative. ( ➃ ) Steele explains this effect in terms of the women’s motive to restore their self-concepts as cooperative people. ( ⑤ )

20.

People have _____________________________. In an early demonstration of this, Steele (1975) threatened women’s self-images by telling them that, as members of their community, it was common knowledge that they either were cooperative with community projects, uncooperative with community projects, or not concerned about driving safely. (A fourth, control group received no information relevant to their self-images.) Two days later, a fellow researcher called each woman, asking her to list every food item in her kitchen to help a food cooperative. Women who had been told they were uncooperative people or careless drivers two days earlier helped the researcher almost twice as much as women in the other groups. Steele explains this effect in terms of the women’s motive to restore their self-concepts as cooperative people.

a need to cooperate for community projects

①

instinct to help someone in need

②

an urge to retain social relationship

③

a need to reestablish their selfishness

④

a desire to maintain an image of self-integrity

⑤

21.

Surely, a group of minds can do better than an individual. Unfortunately, that’s not always the case.

The wisdom of a crowd partly relies on the fact that all judgments are independent. If people guess the weight of a cow and put it on a slip of paper, or estimate the likelihood of a revolution in Pakistan and enter (A) it into a website, the average of their views is highly accurate. But, surprisingly, if those people talk about these questions in a group, the answers that they come to are increasingly incorrect. More specifically, researchers have found an effect of group polarization. Whatever bias people may have as individuals gets multiplied when they discuss things as a group. If individuals lean slightly toward taking a risk, the group leaps toward it. In other words, group polarization refers to the tendency (B) than the initial inclination of its members.

위 글의 밑줄 친

1) (A) it이 가리키는 내용을 본문에

서 찾아 영어로 쓰시오.

⇒

위 글의 빈칸 에 들어갈 말을 보기 에 주어진

2) (B) < >

단어들을 모두 한 번씩만 사용하여 완성하시오. ( , 단 변형시키거나 보기 이외의 단어를 추가시키지 말 < >

것) 보기

< > a / to / extreme / make / are / more / group / decisions

⇒

22.

빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말을 주어진 철자로 시작 하는 단어로 쓰시오. (문장의 어법상 정확한 단어 를 사용해야 함.)²²⁾ [16-E2]

You’d think that whenever more than one person makes a decision, they’d draw on collective wisdom.

Surely, a group of minds can do better than an individual. Unfortunately, that’s not always the case.

The wisdom of a crowd partly relies on the fact

that all judgments are independent. If people guess the weight of a cow and put it on a slip of paper, or estimate the likelihood of a revolution in Pakistan and enter it into a website, the average of their views is highly accurate. But, surprisingly, if those people talk about these questions in a group, the answers that they come to are increasingly incorrect. More specifically, researchers have found an effect of group polarization. Whatever bias people may have as individuals gets multiplied when they discuss things as a group. If individuals lean slightly toward taking a risk, the group leaps toward it.

↓

When people (A) d___________ work with others, the wisdom of the crowd often turns into the (B) s__________ of the group.

23.

In today’s marketing and advertising-soaked world,

people cannot escape brands. The younger , the more likely . But

that’s not the only reason companies are aiming their marketing and advertising at younger consumers. As James U. McNeal, a professor at Texas A&M University, puts it, “Seventy-five percent of spontaneous food purchases can be traced to a nagging child. And one out of two mothers will buy a food simply because her child requests it. To trigger desire in a child is to trigger desire in the whole family.” In other words, kids have power over spending in their households, they have power over their grandparents and they have power over their babysitters. That’s why companies use tricks to manipulate their minds.

사람들이 상표나 상품을 사용하기 시작하는 시기가

어리면 어릴수록 그들은 미래에 그것을 계속 사용할 ,

가능성이 더 높아진다.

보기

< >

product/ for/ when/ or/ using/ keep/ to/ to/ using/

start/ are/ are/ brand/ years/ it/ they/ they/ come/

they/ a

→ The younger , the more likely .

24.

One study brought in a large group of students to do “market research on high-tech headphones.”

The students were told that the researchers wanted to test how well the headphones worked while they were in motion. Following the songs, the researchers played an argument about how the university’s tuition should be raised from $587 per semester to $750 per semester. One group of students had been told to move their heads up and down throughout the music and the speaking.

Another group was told to move their heads from side to side. A last group was told to make no movements at all. After “testing the headsets,” the students were asked to fill out a questionnaire about not only the headsets, but also the university’s tuition. Those nodding their heads up and down (yes motion) overall rated a jump in tuition as favorable. Those shaking their heads side to side (no motion) overall wanted the tuition to be lowered. Those who had not moved their heads didn’t really seem to be persuaded one way or the other.

According to the study above, the type of ①

➜

p_________ ②m_________ the students were asked to do influenced how ③p__________ they found an argument.

25.

The next time you review résumés, try ignoring all of the perfectly qualified applicants. Do what Southwest Airlines does: Don’t hire people with experience at another airline unless you’re sure that they can unlearn what they’ve learned there.

“Competence” is too often another word for “bad attitude.” Instead, find the serial incompetents—the folks who are quick enough to master a task and restless enough to try something new. It’s not very surprising that so many new companies that are creating wealth today are ( A ) by very young people. Because they have very little work history, these people haven’t ( B ) They don’t have to unlearn bad habits.

(A) - (B)

ran and stuffed -

① fall pray to becoming

competence.

ran and staffed -

② fell prey to becoming

competence.

run and staffed -

③ fallen prey to becoming

competent.

run and staffed -

④ fallen pray to becoming

competent.

run and stuffed -

⑤ fell prey to becoming

competent.

26.

Labour Day has been celebrated on the first Monday in September in Canada since the 1880s.

The September date has remained unchanged, even though the government was encouraged to adopt May 1 as Labour Day, the date celebrated by the majority of the world. Moving the holiday, in addition to breaking with tradition, could have been viewed as aligning the Canadian labour movements with internationalist sympathies. Another major reason for keeping the current September date is that the United States celebrates its Labor Day on the same day. Synchronizing the holiday reduces possible inconvenience for businesses with major operations on both sides of the border.

how the majority of the world celebrates Labor

① Day

difficulties in moving American Labour Day to

② May 1

reasons that Canada keeps the date of its

③

Labour Day unchanged

④ struggles of Canadian government to keep up with the new labour movement

⑤ the importance of the favorable economic relations between Canada and USA

27.

The next time you review résumés, try ignoring all of the perfectly qualified applicants. Do what Southwest Airlines does: Don’t hire people with experience at another airline unless you’re sure that they can unlearn what they’ve learned there.

“Competence” is too often another word for “bad attitude.” Instead, find the serial incompetents the — folks who are quick enough to master a task and restless enough to try something new. It’s not very surprising that so many new companies that are creating wealth today are run and staffed by very young people. Because they have very little work history, these people haven’t fallen prey to becoming competent. They don’t have to unlearn bad habits.

역사가 짧은 회사일수록 발전 가능성이 높다

①

경험이 없는 사람들이 오히려 미지의 분야에 더

②

적합할 수 있다.

경험이 많은 사람은 경험이 없는 사람보다 더 빨

③

리 배운다.

훌륭한 지도자는 구성원의 미숙함을 전문성으로

④

바꿀 수 있다.

이력서 작성 시 자신의 가능성 보다는 경험을 더

⑤

강조해야 한다.

28.

The next time you review résumés, try ignoring all of the perfectly qualified applicants. Do what Southwest Airlines does: Don’t hire people with experience at another airline unless you’re sure that they can (A) [accept / ignore] what they’ve learned there. “Competence” is too often another word for

“bad attitude.” Instead, find the serial incompetents the folks who are quick enough to master a task

—

and restless enough to try something new. It’s not very surprising that so many new companies that are creating wealth today are run and staffed by (B) [inexperienced / trained] people. Because they have very little work history, these people haven’t fallen prey to becoming competent. They are ready to (C) [adjust / adjoin] to unknown field.

(A) (B) (C) accept trained adjust

①

accept inexperienced adjust

②

ignore inexperienced adjoin

③

ignore inexperienced adjust

④

ignore trained adjust

⑤

29.

Labour Day has been celebrated on the first Monday in September in Canada since the 1880s.

The September date has remained (A)[changed / unchanged], even though the government was encouraged to (B)[adopt / adapt] May 1 as Labour Day, the date celebrated by the majority of the world. Moving the holiday, in addition to breaking with tradition, could have been viewed as aligning the Canadian labour movements with internationalist sympathies. Another major reason for keeping the current September date is that the United States celebrates its Labor Day on the same day.

Synchronizing the holiday reduces possible (C)[convenience / inconvenience] for businesses with major operations on both sides of the border.

(A) (B) (C) changed adopt convenience

①

changed adapt inconvenience

②

unchanged adapt inconvenience

③

unchanged adopt convenience

④

unchanged adopt inconvenience

⑤

30.

Most of us spend at least a third of each 24-hour day as members of organizations. More of our waking hours are spent in organizations with our colleagues than at home with family and friends.

(A) Particularly in the United States, a substantial portion of our identities is connected with the organizational memberships we claim. We are also clients and customers of organizations.

(B) Organizations are central to our society—in creating a viable economy and in structuring our system of government. As a result, our contact with organizations is nearly constant.

(C) For example, we see glimpses of organizations as we stand in line at the grocery store waiting for a clerk to conduct a price check, visit the doctor’s office expecting to see the doctor but spending more time with a nurse, and negotiate with a salesperson when purchasing a new car.

(A) - (C) - (B)

① ② (A) - (B) - (C)

(B) - (C) - (A)

③ ④ (C) - (A) - (B)

(C) - (B) - (A)

⑤

31.

The more we learn about whales, the better able we will be to protect them. This argument undoubtedly has merit. We would not be in a position today to argue for the rights of whales were it not for the scientific research that has been done. And if we could be certain that additional benign research would affect the benefit of the whales, who could oppose it? But history provides reason for skepticism. Sad though it is to say, science has been more often used against animals than for them. Sidney Holt has given one such example in which the results of benign research involving wolves are now being used against them.

Who can have confidence that this will not be the case with the whales as well?

cynical

① ② affirmative ③ apathetic sympathetic

④ ⑤ indifferent

32.

The more we learn about whales, the better able we will be to protect them. This argument undoubtedly has merit. We would not be in a position today to argue for the rights of whales without the scientific research that has been done.

And if we could be certain that additional benign research would affect the benefit of the whales, who could oppose it? But history provides reason for skepticism. Sad though it is to say, science has been more often used against animals than for them.

without = if ________________________________

정답 [ ]

1) ② 2) ④ 3) ③ 4) ② 5) ① 6) ③ 7) ② 8) ⑤ 9) ① 10) ③ 11) ④ 12) ⑤ 13) ③ 14) ④ 15) ⑤ 16) ④ 17) ③ 18) ② 19) ④ 20) ⑤

21) 1) the likelihood of a revolution in Pakistan 2) to make more extreme decisions as a group 22) (A) dependently (B) stupidity

23) → they are when they start using a brand or product, they are to keep using it for years to come

24) ① physical ② movement ③ persuading (persuasive) 25) ③

26) ③ 27) ② 28) ④ 29) ⑤ 30) ① 31) ①

32) it were not for