(1)Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2002, Vol

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(1)Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2002, Vol. 46, No. 2 Printed in the Republic of Korea.

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(3) *. (2001. 12. 17 ) A Microstructural Study on Firing Process of Korean Traditional Ceramics − Punch’o ng from Ch’unghyodong, Kwangju Young Eun Lee* and Kyongshin Koh Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea (Received December 17, 2001). . 15

(4) 70-80 !" #$% &' '(#) *+ ,-./ 01&23. 456 789 :+;< ;7 = >? @ABC DE 1 < FG9 HI JK &' LM< NO/ 01&P, Q

(5) R09 S0T U&' VW X < JKYZ [\], @\P S0^] _< VW *< ` ]/ abcd3. e< Q

(6) R0f gQh gQUi8C, @\P LMj X-Y klU 9 egQhBC mn&23. S 0T o]j pS0 q< Q

(7) R0 ` mn&f rs/ tu&23. CHE2@A vt wx/ 7 y,z< V{. |})~ P Y# #& < t t / |}3. t ) '( < / FG9 HIJKC 1u&2B 11009 1225 C 1t S0 BC ]}3. : , ,

(8) , , o. ng and white ABSTRACT. The kiln at Chollanamdo Kwangjusi Ch’unghyodong, which produced punch’o wares for a period of 70 to 80 years in the 15th century, is examined for their scientific technological parameters. Punch’o ng sherds were divided into seven different groups according to the location and the layer of the waste mounds from which they were excavated. Optical and scanning electron microscope were used for microstructural observations and X-ray diffraction and polarized microscope for mineral characteristics. For determining the firing temperature, sherds were refired at different temperatures and their microstructural changes were observed. Some wares such as the group CHE2 was high quality wares fired at high temperature around 1200 oC for palace use, but as the ceramics ware became more widely used and the white wares increasingly preferred over punch’o ng, lower quality wares of rougher raw materials were fired at lower temperatures around 1100-1150 oC in quantity. They used local raw materials of several types, all available locally.. Key words: korean traditional ceramics, firing process, microstructure, punch’o ng , ch’unghyodong. 125.

(9) . 126. 15

(10) # +BC VW &' wx ,; C 1u6 u f 1 C, t f t j 1 # VW}3. @(D 15

(11) % # Y %f 1 < VWt 0 ( ¡¢) i£ st ¤¥ P ¦§¨ © _ ) +ª NOt D«¬3. _ >< !" #$%f t < VW< `®] ¯ NO/ xV HL/ °&' ±²³ |f ´+ª )r #$%t3. 4 < #$9 ,+ª VW < Yq# µ¶ 3Q% t·f e :+;t ¸¹ºLm <& ' 1991 45 01}3. 1420% 70-80 »¼ ½ ¾ ¿ f ~/ &2BD 15

(12) t qf À Á &23. # )D < Ât #&2P $)Ã f ~/ BC ÄÅÆ3. # VWf %f < t ÆB, ª h [Çf (È¡)# V W3 t ÉÊ Pz< h(Ë¡)# VW}3. R.j t #$% ÌG6 & ' FG< M QÂM, @\P HI< M/ U Í tQ 4´ Î |3. ÌG6 789 :+;< ;7 ÏBC &' 'Ð @ABC D Ñ M/ U R Í °Ò [\&' 1 VW< ` 9 Ó:], @\P < W ` ] =Ô JK M< NO/ 01³ |}3. Rf !" #$% 456 e 1 Q

(13) R09 S0^]/ +BC U&P 3. JK< Õ,F, L M, @\P S 0^] _< 3Ö ` ./ ×+BC mn&P, t U Í e< # +ª NO tQ 4´6 M UÍ9 Í&' ØÙÚ ÛUÀBC VWX < 1 VW *<

(14) Üu/ c3 ]¶&Ú t Û&Ý Þß&23. 1. 2. 3. . M U à¨ 'Ð @ABC DÑ Æ. á e. e~t ÌGf $)Ã @A / Vâ >? @A< e~/ t à¨ 3 ã}3. ä @A< VW 9 # +ª NO/ g QhBC 01 Q

(15) R0< NO. ÀÁ Table 1 ¿¤&Ú ]\&23. Q

(16) R0 Í9 Í³ |Ý tQ 4´6 Î |f t >? @A Må< æç/ FG9 HIBC DÑ Table 2(a) 9 (b) D«è3. CHBS j !" é $/ I¿ ê Më VW6 BC é $/ 6 c 3 I¿ # ìY3. ¤¥ Y,í ¨Ö î ï, _ ð < ñòt t É |3. é $ / ÌG6 Dó) 'ô @A ÛX& f CHE29 CHW3-L@Af ~t ÌG63. CHE2@A< j #i PzC õ4/ tu &' Rö3. # ÀÁ VW W&f CHW28; %f FG9 HI< t )P, ª ¨ i£ ÷ø&Ú ¨ }3. 1 # VW f $)Ã ¤Òª CHW2-2;j i£ s c3 ùú î ¦§¨BC ÎûP, FG< ü IÛ)f _ 9f ý t c23. . Q

(17) R0< Uj Ø ) ]þ ÿ e< ¤/ $&P 20% HFuBC e = 5 15 ] (etching) q, gQh (Optical Microscope, Metaphot VMD, Nikon)BC m n&23. NO+ª Í]tD Q

(18) .j gQ Ui8(EPMA, Electron Probe Microanalyzer, SEM: Jeol Superprobe JXA-8600SX, EDS: Oxford PentafetATW. tu&' 1,(BEI, Backscattered Electron Image)BC mn& U&2B, U0 j 15 KV, 2.5 nAt}3.

(19) KÏÕ1 # U0.j Table 2< ' µ&23. LMj X-Y kl U (XRD, X-ray diffractometer, XGEN-4000, Scintag Inc.) 1u&' 20 kV, 40 mA 9 40 kV, 80 mA 0 U&23. Kf FG~ / &' ð KC ~.}3. (transmitted light) < , mnj Ú Ô e/ t

(20) @ þ P Á# I 0.03 mm# ) ç >&Ú ÉÜ ºe(thin section)/ ~. egQ h(Polarizing Microscope, Labophot2-Pol, Nikon)/ tu&' mn&23. Rt e< pS0(refiring)xj 1 cm1 cm Detector). Journal of the Korean Chemical Society.

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(22) - !"# $%&'. 127. Table 1. Microstructural characteristics of body and glaze for each group, as observed by optical microscope Group. Area. Date. Microstructural Characteristics. CHBS before 1420. body. glaze. CHE2 1424-1431. body. glaze. CHW3-L around 1457. body glaze. CHW2-8 around 1457. body glaze. CHW2-6 1451-1477. body glaze. CHW2-3 1477-1483. body glaze. CHW2-2 1490-1510. Visual Charateristics. body. glaze 2002, Vol. 46, No. 2. .

(23) . . 5-60 µm(40 µm) ! . "#

(24) $ %(pore). &' (. ) *+ ,- . /0 1$ 2 34. 56 78 9: ; 3 <, 100-200 µm = >? @ABC D. 4 E 20 F GH+ = %I ; JK + L MNO0 PQR

(25) . S'TJ UVB< W(bubble) X, . (. YZ [\R

(26) $ ]2 ^ _$ àb+C &GH (. *G+C ) cde. f µm$ 0 Gg 70100 µm$ = hC (. ijk Hl E 2 m. nop q0 ]r q0 ]lr . s % tu HW. 20-60 µm( 30 µm) (. 0 $

(27) v ;(. &' . 2 /Xw xy ?m0 *G+ 0 znI {(. 56 780 |$ ^(. $ àb+ { zn G}~ . R

(28) 4. 80100 µm. ^ GH+C &GH {( . W /Z 0 (. GH+ 2s |$ 3 Z (. CHE2+ | r $ . = %s zn>?I ;(. 200-500 µm = 2I0 ,- /0

(29) . = > ?$ C ) e. %

(30) B tZ (. W . J<, ;(. à b+ zn X, { (. *G+ , /0 2 zn 34. ]r ]/r a$ . ~(J D. T 0 $ % tu HW. 2 /XJ<, + W (. 0 $ 56 znI (. h-s W ; @A. h-s W |$ 3 Z (. | r $ . ,v. , m zn, G ?mp 2Tv$ = znI ((150-200 µm). 56 zn >? __+ @A(50-150 µm). . p hC p hC (. /X . &' UVB<, W ]2 . (. ]20 GH EJ x(. ¡ ¢0 .

(31) |£. Hl$ ¤Z¥ ¦a. C¤§ §! 3 K ¨F . © & Z 0 ªJ = >?I (.. « nBZ (. /0 3 , .$ W ]2C e. ¬. ®C R . ¢0 ¡ ¯°B< 564. = >?$ s 2 @A(300-400 µm). "# W. 300-350 µm $ ±0r ² ; 3 F, ³´`J 3b Mµ

(32) $ znI >?¶ J<, ?m · + h e. 20 |$ /X (. s 2 ¸¹w º zn(granophyric intergrowth) ; 3 < E 2GH0 /X 0 & »X 1 ¼ ½D. 56 zn >? @A(250 µmnC)D. s W ; 34. ]2 . {(..

(33) . 128 Table 2(a). Composition of body measured by XRF Group. Oxide concentration (wt.%)a. Number of sherds. SiO2. Al2O3. Fe2O3b. MgO. CaO. Na2O. K2O. TiO2. MnO. P2O5. Totalc. 6 6 6 7 7 6 5. 68.62 68.62 69.18 69.00 67.50 71.80 66.07. 20.33 22.62 21.25 20.56 20.81 18.10 22.43. 4.02 2.50 3.23 4.00 4.06 3.04 3.23. 1.10 0.46 0.63 0.87 0.89 0.80 0.81. 0.85 0.30 0.42 0.46 0.61 0.54 0.91. 0.92 0.29 0.31 0.56 1.51 0.91 2.38. 2.60 3.47 3.51 3.17 2.79 3.27 2.47. 0.94 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.86 0.73 0.76. 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03. 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.04. 99.82 99.97 99.85 99.91 99.75 99.71 99.62. CHBS CHE2 CHW3-L CHW2-8 CHW2-6 CHW2-3 CHW2-2 a. The powder of only body, whose glaze had been polished off, was mixed with flux, lithium tetraborate. This mixture was melted in a platinium crucible and made into a bead for XRF measurement. b Fe2O3 represents the total amount of Fe which be in the form FeO as well as Fe2O3. c Total includes value of loss of ignition. Table 2(b). Composition of glaze measured by EPMA Group CHBS CHE2 CHW3-L CHW2-8 CHW2-6 CHW2-3 CHW2-2 a. Oxide concentration (wt.%)a. Number of sherds. SiO2. Al2O3. Fe2O3. MgO. CaO. Na2O. K2O. TiO2. MnO. P2O5. Total. 4 4 2 3 3 3 3. 55.43 66.10 62.63 61.52 58.51 60.22 63.17. 14.74 14.18 13.89 13.53 13.48 15.36 12.94. 1.83 1.25 1.33 1.44 1.32 1.19 1.36. 1.82 1.46 2.03 1.95 2.21 1.78 2.05. 20.75 10.01 14.28 14.94 17.65 14.06 14.54. 0.70 1.23 0.84 1.17 1.75 1.37 2.30. 3.29 4.74 4.46 3.91 3.01 4.35 2.45. 0.15 0.01 0.07 0.10 0.05 0.03. 0.02 0.14 0.15 0.19 0.32 0.22 0.20. 0.78 0.49 0.61 0.83 1.17 0.86 0.92. 99.49 99.62 100.290 99.58 99.48 99.41 99.95. A cross-section of the sherds, mounted in epoxy resin, was polished for EPMA measurement. The average of 4-6 different measurements is reported for each sample. The size of each measured area was 48×36(µm)2 or 34×25(µm)2.. C ÏÕ&P, C(box furnace, REX 900 C% 1200 C ) 50 C ¿BC 200 C/hr< C pS0 3. pS06 e/ ð KC ~. X-Y kl U C L< ÷ M, @\P ,+ª Õ/ 01 &23. e< S0 T ]&f xj YZ K 79 vj 0BC pS0 q gQhB C ^< ` Ö,/ mn&23. 0.5 cm. P100, RKC Intrument Inc.) o. o. o. o.

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(35) . ª< ¨µt W}/ %

(36) Ò ~. j < 1100-1300 C ]< j T R&f h f 18

(37) )f ¸ ¸~ VW³ |} 3. M´ f MÒ 0M(triaxial composition)t o. P ´g&f h < JKf C Mt 3Ô G, iU Uñ<

(38) #) Lt +l&Ú À |! 3. 8" (densification)P (vitrification) f S0 ] JK< # LRM M.j $ É %)P &Cî Lt Ú 63. ¸ 1200 C ] S S0f f 0+BC ¸ f ½C S< S0]/ '( VW63. M) 06 *½ I 800-900 C] Rt q HI/ +Å 3 1200 C] ÷M&Ú 63. Rt~ '¼ ef JK< L.t ,- ) .P I¿ É | ¨ X-Y kl U 9 egQhBC É|f LM/ mn³ |3. )) 4´6 e< X-Y kl U Í =·, >+ BC Uñt #i ý ÕC ct, Q1iU[microcline, K(AlSi )O ], ]iU[orthoclase, K(AlSi )O ] 1iU 4. o. o. o. 5-7. 3. 8. 3. 8. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society.

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(40) - !"# $%&'. 129. Fig. 1. X-ray diffraction patterns of bisquit sherds. (a) 455b (CHE2) (b)473b(CHW2-6) (c)486b(CHW2-2).. Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction patterns of 455b(CHE2) as a function of temperature, where the bisquit sherd was refired.. [albite, Na(AlSi )O ] _< iU(feldspar), @\P / î[biotite, K (Mg, Fe) (AlSi)O (OH) ]9 î[muscovite, KAl (AlSi )O (OH) ]9 vj G< î(mica)_ t mn63. JK mnf GMª 012 (kaolin)j f D«D) .f3. iU f Q1iUt 3 ý ÕC mnf hò/ cª3. Fig. 1 D«4 !" < Rt e.< XY klU 79 vj >+ª Í D«ÜP | BD, ää 3Ô ;7<

(41) e.j I¿< t c tP |3. CHE2;< 455bef î 5.t 6 7&Ú ctP, CHW2-6< 473bf Q1iU, ]iU 1iU<

(42) iU# cª3. CHW2-2< 486bef iU Q1iUj ctP 1iU5 #

(43) &Ú D«83. t( Wj t./ M Í. egQh ctf L. Í &' # 1u}á JK. &' 9 #) 1x/ É# “FG JK9 _ >< )+ NM” ]³ |}3. t ì #< L.t Tt, &f ]/ R½+BC mn& 7&' Fig. 1 D «4 455b(CHE2) 473b(CHW2-6), @\P 461b(CHW3L) e 3e/ 800 C 1200 C) 50 C¿B C 3 S0&P X-Y kl U C o]&23. t pS0 ] T# : ] É) iU9. î_j 1)P &;Ú Lt<# =Ì W&23. ÒÛ T 3 tÚ Uñ < 5

(44) # >.P, Lt<f ?)Ú f@ t( ` f

(45) e ^°+BC m n³ |}3. t 455be< Í Fig. 2 D«è3. Rt t e H>&Ú D«Df îf 950 C% =Ì) .dB, Q1iU j 1050 C% =Ì) .É, î# iU c3 AB L M/ Cê\f / D |3. Lt< 5f 1050 C % ¶ª³ |}3. 461be Q1iUt ¶x&Ú 1)f T f 455bc3f 0 j 1100 C23. 1iUt t mnf 473bef 455be vt 1050 C 1iU 5f 1)P Lt<# E3. pS06

(46) e 1100 C%f Uñ L t<~t =Ìf@, Uñ Lt< Õj T 1\f , y S0 T, @\P M = 0F G)Ú 63. Uñ< #i ý 59 Lt << #i ý 5<

(47) Õ&' c, Uñ< 5 100%C &2/ Lt<<

(48) f 1150 C 20%ÜâtP, 1200 Cf 25% j h 42%) #&f BC 01}3. e pS0 e< X-Y klÍ C Õ &, .t C S0 }á T< ,Y. 3. 8. 2. 2. 3. 10. 2. 2. 2. o. 2002, Vol. 46, No. 2. 10. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. o.

(49) 130. . Fig. 3. Optical pictures and backscattered electron images of the sherds. (a) 453(CHBS) (b) 456(CHE2) (c) 457(CHE2) (d) 459(CHE2) (e) 462(CHW3-L) (f) 476(CHW2-6) (g) 490(CHW2-2) (h) 490(CHW2-2) (i) 490(CHW2-2) (j) 490(CHW2-2) (k) 490(CHW2-2) (l) 490(CHW2-2) (m) 490(CHW2-2) (n) 489(CHW2-2). Journal of the Korean Chemical Society.

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(51) - !"# $%&'. 131. Fig. 3. continued. / D |3. Fig. 1 D«4 e iU 5.t ctP Lt<# ctf j 10001050 C/ H) .dá / c'Ï3. î# 6I &Ú ctf CHE2 @A< 455bej S0T< ,Y/ 900-950 CC, 3Ô e c3 Jj T C S0}/ BC ä ³ |3. F G JK î# 3K É ÕL T S0 } > É |f î< Öt 3 d/ # o. o. 2002, Vol. 46, No. 2. MM |3. FG< M/ c Al O # 3Ô @Ac 3 I¿ j@, t Gt î )FC t Np& 2P, t.t ,XÂ $) O&P É |}/ BC PW³ |3. xVC t( î Lt g QhBC QÚ mn63(Fig. 3c). gp) Rt S0 T &' ]¶ R# tã)) .d3. ° pg&P | f g R ^r< S0T# 800 900 C1 2. 3. o.

(52) . 132. tP >+BC DS)P |BD '( ^r 1 u&P |f xV T

(53) &Ú mn&P Õ Í f ÉT %3. 7 U U e .< T , Yt 1000-1050 CC D«8 j pg VÒ< T c3 WX 3. 0Y #$f / A B =C Y) .P HI/ 4 3 p &f #$ Z[t I \ ] e ^ Rö ¨, >] T H)&f@ m[/ t _) .d/ t3. #$< R0, `í< +, X>< ab _ <&' S0 T# t ñò/ cdP, # d 2á #$< i÷9 Ze< fg = T# 9 h F Gi/ t3. t R pRt< T# 1100 1200 C1tC D«¬BjC, < T tc3 Jj 900 1000 C1tC ]&f t g pCf #M&3. ìBC °)9 g^r. Í.t k+! 3K ¶x mn/ ³ |/ t3.

(54) . 7 cdlt ,6 e.f ] m t $É L )F # t@()f / ÃÉf Uñ &C M6 L t<~t X-Y no D«83. ,- $) O p ' L., © q«rL. vj Z¥L, HItD HI FG< hÒ S06 tq sä ] Mi kiU(anorthite)_j @ Öt m + X-Y kl Uf

(55) # I&' =Ì) . f3. @(D egQhtD gQh/ tu 1,BC t( L./

(56) &Ú mn³ | B, FG< 8" # t3# uv ,F# ^ (pore)< 9 6 ,F D«83. JK < L.t $É wTtf ] 4&' FG9 HI;/ xÊD#3# yz P Wj (bubble). t cª3. t( L., ^ .< , 9 0T+BC U 01&' JK< [\ ] S0 ^] _ ^]` . &' {& P &23. gQhBC mn6 FG9 HI< Q

(57) R0 NO/ @A|C ]\&' Table 1, gQh gQhBC mn ´+ª 1./ Fig. 3, @\P gQUi8(Electron Probe Microanalyzer)C U NO+ª Í] Q

(58) < M/ Table 3 D«è3. >? @A #i AB ¾&2á CHBS< e. < Q

(59) R0f Fig. 3(a) : ] } |3. o. o. o. 7-9. FG< Î~f É Wj < ^.j %) P, @ Ö< ^(1).t Õ+ P·Ú |B, HIf É|f Í]t '< %t &Ú H\ |3. FG9 HI< hÒf iU< Í]t '< e mn}f@ P Ö(2)BC t# e 3. kiU(anorthite)BC ¶ªf t Í]j HI< j CaO M FG< Al O Mt ~D hÒ Ú j T ! ¿ S0 P ®®- £ÅÆ/ ¶t 3. = t( FG9 HI, @\P hÒ< Q

(60) R0f t @A< e.t ! ¿ j T # } Ç/ c'Ï3. CHE2@A< e.j FG< Al O ÀÂt P, H Ij CaOMt JP Na O K O# I¿ É D \- Ò(alkali-lime glaze)C 63. t( M< NOBC Qã CHE2< e.t ! &Ú 7Ûf j T Õ+ # S0! ³ BC Ro&Ú 63. t @A< ´+ª Q

(61) R0 Ö,/ Fig. 3(b), 3(c)9 3(d) D« Ü}3. 3(b) D«4 FG< gQh 1j Uñ (3)< # P·P WÉ JK# } ]Y |f ,F ct, ^(1). # Õ+ P·P Ö S0# +X&Ú tã , F c'P |3. Fig. 3(c)f 457(CHE2)e FG 400C ¶ gQh 1, 1BC, +X&Ú } S06 , FG< )+ª Q

(62) R0 ½+BC c' P |3. Y Wj < î(4)C ]f Í ]./ t |3. t.j m WÉ gQ hBCf mn& )~, 7< X-Y kl x t @A< Rt î 5# ,&Ú D«8 1x ,XÂt Np&f / Ro³ |}3. t Í]< / ää EPMAC U&' Table 3 D«èf@ ¥ îÍ] ,X t# |f / |3. S0]< PT tMt ý D \ tT.t t xÊD#P DãQD Mj H) 6 `)6 p Lt3. t 1< Î~(matrix)f I¿ Mt 3Ô t ' |3. I¿ î kïBC ctf t 7< î9 vj Gt t |}á BC D ãQr Mt j ÷(Al-rich silicate)t, ' 2. 3. 10. 2. 2. 3. 2. 3. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society.

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(64) - !"# $%&'. 133. Table 3. Composition of micro-areas in body measured by EPMA. The analyzed points are shown in Fig. 3 Phase Formular muscovite K2Al4[Si6Al2O20] mullite 3Al2O3 · 2Si3O8 albite Na[AlSi3O8] high-alkali high-aluminum anorthite Ca[Al2Si2]O8 TiO2. Analyzed point. Oxide concentration (wt.%) SiO2. Al2O3. Fe2O3. MgO. CaO. Na2O. K2O. TiO2. MnO. Cr2O3. Total. f(9). 51.62 50.59 42.33 31.75 33.05 58.73. 41.27 38.43 46.17 59.16 56.54 24.90. 2.51 2.64 3.34 2.04 1.80 -. 0.34 0.36 0.44 0.27 -. 0.17 0.69 0.39 0.51 7.14. 0.37 0.39 0.24 0.23 0.27 6.89. 2.97 2.92 2.15 1.15 1.18 0.24. 0.59 0.34 0.23 -. -. -. 99.08 95.50 95.95 95.33 93.58 97.90. g,h(10) i,j(12) i,j(13) h(15) h(16) l(17) l(18) m(19). 65.37 69.99 48.95 59.49 52.89 57.23 10.30 10.31. 18.48 15.23 41.75 25.49 29.20 23.43 10.17 10.15. 3.53 2.71 3.05 2.04 3.41 1.67 0.20 -. 0.36 0.46 0.67 0.39 0.40 -. 2.04 0.93 0.90 8.08 12.021 10.461 0.31 -. 2.31 1.50 1.62 5.23 2.88 3.91 -. 3.33 2.88 1.99 0.92 0.68 0.84 0.14 -. 0.18 0.17 0.20 0.30 1.72 84.571 85.701. 0.21 -. 0.18 0.85 0.59. 95.42 93.87 99.10 101.451 101.781 99.83 86.45 86.75. c(4) c(6). f Q¹< 1 Lt<(5)# 3. 3 Äj j iU # $j BC Mt j ÷(K-rich silicate)C )F< 2 Lt<(6)# 3.

(65) S< ¹6 o]8 Table 3 D«èf@, # W ¨ 7< Î~tD p L.t ' o] Lt< Í]< M t# | 3. tÚ Î~t ,(phase)BC DÑ)f j h < S0] '( Lt $É tf H\ (vitrification)]t ,Í) .P Zç> (heterogeneous) )F u ¨t3. Uñ(3) j Î~ c3f 3 ¤> < kï \C ctP |B, =Ú ctf j ^(1).t3. Fig. 3(d) D«4 CHE2 @A< HI 1j > $) O&P É|f Uñ(3) Q[ xÊD#) O (7)# I¿ ctD ½+BC ,X- H\ # } 6 ,-/ c'P |3. t @A< HIf uVC #i CaMt 3Ô @A Õ&' _- JÇ ZR&P t9 vt H\ # } S S0T# ,X- d/ BC ]63. HI FG< hÒf ì mn CHBS9f 3Ô Ö< iU Í](2)t mn}BD, M U Í Ca# j kiU C D«¬3. Fig. 3(e)f 462(CHW3-L)< Q

(66) R0C # ! - tã)) .j ,F S0# u ) +ª t3. FG Î~(matrix) É Wj ^ 11. 2002, Vol. 46, No. 2. .t t ct t.< Öj ½C &P &3. 7~ $É H\C 6 iU< Í](8). t ct ½+BC Õ# ý Uñ(3) i U Í].t

(67) ¨

(68) ¨ |3. Õ+ ý Í].t j h !- # 7Ûf + # Wj h ÕÛ ¿ 3 j T# ³ t3. t @A e< HIf $) .j Uñt P, ,ít |f kiUt '< |) .É # !- ) .d/ tf ]/ c &P |3. CHW2-8;%f # VW W&23. CHW2-8; tq VW6 CHW2-6; CHW2-3;<

(69) @A< e.j 0F 3Ô '()F< Q

(70) R0 c2BD, +BC JK# VC ]Y) .É ý Uñ iU< \.t

(71) ¨

(72) ¨ cª3. Fig. 3(f) D«4 476e(CHW2-6) FG< gQh 1 < #î@ |f ?3 Í](9)t t¡ \. < Rt Table 3 D«4 o]8 c Na Cat ' |f ¢×½ )F< iUt3. # Õ + +X- } 6 e. |BD I¿ 6 t t mn63. t( '£P Z¤+ª Q

(73) R0f P7 ;< 9 m[t C ¥Ú , t @A 6 1 < ,t )r ¦;BC ¶ §j ¿ Â&f ] JK< Ï Õ] S0 ^]t ÷øÛÆÇ/ 13..

(74) . 134. N- 99 e.< h FGf # } | BD HIf $) .j Uñ # É | H I FG< +l S0 0t C ¨) .d/ D«DÚ f Q

(75) R0 mn³ |}3. t( e.< FG Mf Õ+ uV# P DãQ D ÀÂ Jj etD HIf uV Mª CaO M< ÀÂt Jj NO/ c23. @(jC F G ÕÛ HIt !- 7Ûf 3 ¿ j T# R, FG< ] ÏBC S0 &2/ HIj !- Sö/ t3. N- HI Ü # t É |f j S0 ¿ sä ¿t §dÇ/ 13. t ( S0 ] M< NOj HI FG< hÒ kiUt mn) .f ªt 63. !" #i $)Ã 6 CHW22f ¨Öt ª ¨ c3 ¨& ¿e ¦§¨B C `&P FGf =j © _< Z¥Lt t ct ü IÛÊ t VW6 f 3Ô NO/ cª3. Fig. 3(g)% 3(m)) D« 4 490e< FG 1.j Z¥Lt j '¼ JK ,F c'P |, t. ¸ ° À6 )+ª '( L./ } mn³ |3. = vj 7< gQh gQh< 1. / D«Ü, C Õ&' Í].< ,F 3

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(77) L Ú 300-400 µm< ý \C $) .P É|3. Fig. 3(g)9 3(h) ctf j .t À | f Äj ï< Ùj (10)j Table 3< M Na 9 K# ÀH |f ¢×½ )F< iU Í]BC D«83. $f ] .t 4&2f@ ª« ? ,&Ú $) O&2P, . xÊD ! ¿t %t S0# uv ,Ft3. Fig. 3(i)9 3(j) #î@ ctf ¬j kï Äj Î~< ×½f iU Uñt ' Í](granophyric intergrowth, 11)BC t @A NO+BC mnf Lt 3. # t Uñc3 Jj T $f iU (12)j tQ H\ |BD Uñj ' < @C É|3. t Í] Ô] ^ #î@ W j vt ctf (13)j î_< G 1 Lt<# À6 DãQD Mt j ÷ 7C ]63. t Í] ®] ¯ 2. iU# $j Äj Î~ 2 Lt<9 ÀÁ D«DP | 7 Fig. 3(c) ¸ < )+ª Q

(78) R0 Fig. 3(j) gQh 1 } |3. Fig. 3(g)9 3(k)< gQh 1. °Ú c tf 7(14)f EBC =j .C QÚ cª3. Fig. 3(h) 15, 16, @\P 3(l) 17C ä ä D«4 Í]j Table 3< MU |f [±, © / I 2-3% ] ÀH Ca-Na iU Ò°t > f H\C $É|3. t( 7f Cf TiO Í] / À&P | @, 3(l)< 18S vt &P W &)~ 3(m)< 199 vt ?3 \> |3. Fig. 3(n) D«4 HIf Wj Uñ+ (3).t @C É|P, (7) j / | 3. t( FG9 HI< Q

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(82) LÚ mn}3. @(jC t @A< JKCf _ > /î ü³BC 016 p )< t 1u}/ #MMt |B, ¶© ]/ '8) .P Õ&' 1u&2/ BC ]63. !" yPz ª CHE2 @A @c 3 WX Bz< CHW3-L @Aj 35· QÂM< À Â/ U&' 3` °ÒUsª MUs (principal component analysis)BC °Ò[\ Í 2. 12. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society.

(83)

(84) - !"# $%&'. ý ÕC mn63. CHW3-L@A< 461b e< e gQh Fig. 4(b)1f t @A< , ctf Q1iUt #î@ } cª3. Table 2< MÍ t @Af >+BC 0\ iUt Z\f Q1iU t ÀH6 M t FG9 HI #i j BC D«DP |3. Q1iUt j 7 @Af 0+BC 473b (CHW2-6)9 486b(CHW2-2)f Fig. 4(c) |f [± N <¸(twin)g,/ ctf 1i Ut mn63. t.< X-Y kl x 1 iU 5# gB&Ú D«¬f@, 473b(CHW2-6)< h Uñ5<

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(88) # Gi ¨ yP G&2á T< t# 0F |/ t3. t( ,- VW j ht |f h M01 9 # +ª MC »+ª S0 T ]&f 2. Fig. 4. Polarizing microscope pictures of bodies in thin section. (a) biotite(449, CHBS) (b) microcline(461b, CHW3-L) (c) albite(473b, CHW2-6).. vj JK 1u&2/ BC ]6 Î |3. CHW3-L< 461b ef Fig. 1 D«4 CHE2 @A< 455b9 vt î< 5# ¶x&Ú ctP, iU f 1iUc3f Q1iUt 3 3. 2002, Vol. 46, No. 2. 135. 2.

(89) . 136. t ce+t3. t( +ª Sw ZR&P S0 T mn&SP Þß&f j V0 *t j T G³ |}á ¼¤ *t | #M&2 ¨t3. gp t '{P |f rsj ½¾U (dilatometer)9 DTA(differential thermal analysis)_ < tu&f ª@ +l x0/ ¿f WVtD, j T et $É c f / r)&f t 3;3. Rf e/ pS 0 q Q

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(93) R0# 0F 3·Ú mn6 457, 462, 490 e 3 &' x&23. CHE2 @A< 457Sj ! " #i Pz{BC FG9 HI< M, @ \P Q

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(95) R0< ` abc, 950-1150 C)f 6 7 ` # %}P, 1200 C e< Á] t I¿ 8"Û)f ` # E3. 3 ¶x ` c 7Û 1225 C) T 1I/ ½ ^ < f > 3 ý < ^t É )f t mn}3. t( ` f T m 1\ C G9 iUt $É f ÷ ½< # J É) ^ Ü ÂBC Wu&f Ãß/ ÄÅ ) O&' ^< # ?)f 4 (bloating) g,t >8 t3. = xV S0 Tf ` # >D W&f 1200 C À[P ]63. FG# +X&Ú f T 1200 C ÜâC t e < h +l T S0# }Ç/ D |3. CHW3-L@A< 462S et T = G)f Q

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(97) R0f ÷Í] t !- t S0# u}/ Ú f )+ª Ö,BC FG Ü< ^t &P &3. t( ,Ff pS0 T 1050 CC 1I / ) H)}3. ` # mn W Tf 13. 14-16. o. o. o. o. o. o. Fig. 5. Pictures by optical microscope of 462(CHW3-L) refired at (a) 1050 oC (b) 1150 oC (c) 1200 oC.. C ^< Öj ` &) .dBD Î~< É Wj ^.j %Æ3. (b) D«4 1150 C f # 3 t ^Ö< Át

(98) (ª) Î~t 3 t ÆªÆ3. 1200 CC pS0 &2 / f ^< 3 >P Ö '< @ÇÚ 1100 oC. o. o. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society.

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(107) [&Ú ]Y}P, õ4/ 1u& ' S0}3. uV Mª Ð Lt +j D\-Ò< HI 22.6%< j DãQD M / À&f FG# !- Ý j T ¿ S0}3. pS0 x ÍC ]6 S0Tf 200 C/hr< C T 1I/ 1200-1225 CC !" #i j BC, 1200 C t,< S0Tf >+BC c3 3 j T R&f < S0T #Ñ3. Ä j kï0< FG9 HI ï,/ D«Üf Pz / CHE2 @A< JK]Y M 0l, @\P P T S0 *j CHW2-8;% VW W&f VW *+ª Î~t }Ç/ QÚ PW³ |3. wx ,;t 6 ,t}á CHE2@A vj JK 1u CHW3-L@Aj JK [\] S0^]t ,X t cª3. vj vj )< BC VW&2f), ÉÈ Q*1 o Rof vt 20' q vj )< / 3 1u&2f)f *+BC ¶ª³ %3. VW ÒD ¶x j CHW3-L< e.< Q

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(110) @A< e.< JK Õ] S0]t ÷øÛÆÇ/ mn³ | }P, N- 99 ef FG9 HI< JKMt +l&Ú 0l) .É FGf # } |f , HIj ,&Ú H\ |) .j |}3. < j !" #i $)Ã 6 CHW2-2@A 3K B&63. ,í¨ ª ¨ i £ c3 ¨t ¿e ¦§¨BC Îû, t 9f 3Ô NO/ cª3. JK< 1u J K ÏÕ]t 3K ÷ø&'Ê EBC QÚ |f =j DÓt9 © \ _t t À | 3. Õ+ §j ¿ z&Ú S0# FG Ü Q[ xÊD#) O .t t mn xV S0Tf 200 C/hr< C S0&2/ 11501200 C]C ]}3. 1991 ½Ò+BC ¸¹ºLm <&' 4 5P tS *+ R# tã _ !" )f 15

(111) ¸ ° # ð < ñ ò/ cÉ t P `)6 ,- t *t 3 BC t)f ,-/ } c'P |3. t )< '( < / FG9 HI JKC Ô wx ,;/ 7 Pz{ +ª V{ / &23. 1100-1225 CC ]f S0Tf < )+ª S0T j e &f@, tj CHW2-8; tq% VW W < JK# 30% Üâ< j DãQD À&P |P, ½C c3 j 1250 C]< j T o. o. o. o. o. S0}/ tf ,- Í63. t à¨j 1999 ¸*Õp¤< )J < &' R}Ç(KRF-99-043-D00051).. 1. Jeon, S. H. Misulsa Yon’gu (J. Art History) 1998, 12, 51. 2. Kiln Sites of Ch’unghyo-dong at Mt. Mudung; Kwangju National Museum, Kwangju, Korea, 1993. 3. Lee, Y. E.; Koh, K. S. J. Korean Chem. Soc. 1998, 42, 251. 4. Kingery, W. D.; Bowen, H. K.; Uhlmann, D. R. Introduction to Ceramics; second Ed., John Wiley & Sons: Singapore, 1991. 5. Lee, Y. E.; Koh, K. S. J. Korean Soc. Conservation Sci. for Cultural Properties 1997, 6, 3. 6. Koh Choo, C. K. Archaeometry 1995, 37, 53. 7. Lee, Y. E. Doctorate thesis; Chung Ang University, Seoul, 1998. 8. Deer, W. A.; Howie, R. A.; Zussman J. An Introduction to the Rock-forming Minerals; Longman Scientific & Technical: UK, 1992. 9. MacKenzie, W. S.; Adams A. E. A Color Atlas of Rocks and Minerals in Thin Section; John Wiley & Sons: London, UK, 1996. 10. Vandiver, P. B. The Radiance of Jade and the Clarity of Water-Korean Ceramics forn Ataka Collection, 1991; p 151. 11. Kingery, W. D.; Vandiver, P. B. Ceramic Masterpiece: Art, Structure, Technology; The Free Press: USA, 1988. 12. Geological Report of the Kwangju sheet; Korea Institute of Energy and Resources: Taejon, Korea, 1990. 13. Wood, N. Chinese Glazes: Their Origins, Chemistry, and Recreation; the University of Pennsylvania Press: Philadelphia, USA, 1999. 14. Kang, K. I. Dotorate thesis; Chonnam National University: Kwangju, 1997. 15. Tite, M. S. Archaeometry 1969, 11, 131. 16. Kingery, W. D. A Note on the Differential Thermal Analysis of Archaeological Ceramics; Research Notes and Application Reports, 109.. o. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society.

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