Lesson 8 기출모음

(1)

강상윤 영어카페 http://cafe.naver.com/ksyenglishhouse

- 1 -

능률 독해와 작문

Lesson 8 기출모음

1. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?¹⁾[8과]

Determining their longitude was even more difficult. Since the Earth rotates at a steady rate of 360° per day or 15° per hour, every 15° of longitude a ship traveled, the local time changed by one hour. That is to say, there is a direct relationship between __________. In order to calculate longitude, sailors needed to determine the time at sea and depended on the positions of stars and planets for help. Doing this, however, was neither easy nor exact.

① time and longitude

② time and latitude

③ latitude and longitude

④ the positions of stars and latitude

⑤ the positions of stars and longitude

2. [서답형] 밑줄 친 곳에 들어갈 문맥에 알맞은 단어를 영어로 쓰시오.²⁾ [8과]

Before that time, sailors depended on instruments that calculated the position of the sun or stars to tell them their __________. These instruments told them how far they were from the equator.

3. [서답형] 다음 글은 John Harrison이 경도를 계산하는 방법을 설명하고 있는 글이다. ㈎와 ㈏에 알 맞은 영어표현을 쓰시오. {㈎는 선행사와 관계부사, ㈏는 선행사와 관계대명사를 활용하여 생략하지 말 고 쓸 것}³⁾ [8과]

A young man named John Harrison heard about this. As an engineer, he was convinced that clock mechanics could solve the problem. If the sailors had a clock that showed ㈎ [그들이 출발했던 장 소의 시간], they could compare it with ㈏[그들이 있었던 장소의 시간], which could be easily determined using a sundial. By comparing the two times, they could then figure out their longitude.

[4~5] 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

When ⓐtraveled by sea, knowing your exact location can mean the difference between life and death. Today's sailors rely on satellite technology to find out their location, but sailors in the past couldn't do this. So they were always in danger when at sea. This all changed in the 18th century, however, thanks to the hard work and persistence of an English clockmaker.

Before that time, sailors depended on instruments that calculated the position of the sun or stars to tell them their latitude. These instruments told them ⓑhow far they were from the equator.

(2)

- 2 -

Determining their longitude was ⓒeven more difficult. Since the Earth rotates at a steady rate of 360° per day or 15° per hour, every 15° of longitude a ship traveled, the local time changed by one hour. That is to say, there is _________________________. In order to calculate longitude, sailors needed to determine the time at sea and ⓓdepended on the positions of stars and planets for help. Doing this, however, was neither easy ⓔnor exact.

4. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?⁴⁾

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

5. 위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?⁵⁾

① no way to calculate exact time on a ship

② low possibility of miscalculating longitude

③ an explicit relationship between time and longitude

④ no direct way to calculate longitude and time

⑤ a clear proof of the connection between time and rotation of Earth

In 1707, the difficulty in calculating longitude led to a terrible tragedy. A group of British warships were returning home after a military victory. However, bad weather caused them (A)[making / to make] a mistake in calculating their longitude, and they struck some rocks near the Isles of Scilly. Four ships sank and nearly 2,000 men died, making it one of Britain's worst sea (B)[disaster / disasters] ever.

Seven years later, in an effort to prevent this kind of accident from happening again, the British government offered 20,000 pounds to anyone who could create a method of (C)[correct / correctly] determining longitude to help sailors. They then established the "Board of Longitude"

to choose a winner.

6. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르게 연결된 것은?⁶⁾ (A) (B) (C)

① making disaster correct

② making disasters correctly

③ to make disaster correctly

④ to make disasters correctly

⑤ to make disasters correct

7. What is the passage mainly about?⁷⁾

① The worst disaster in Britain

② The victory of the war

(3)

③ The tragic accident caused by humans

④ The hardships to measure longitude correctly

⑤ The disaster led to set up the Board of Longitude

8. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?⁸⁾ John Harrison's Innovative Idea

A young man ⓐnamed John Harrison heard about this. As an engineer, he was convinced that clock mechanics could solve the problem. If the sailors had a clock that showed the exact time at the place they left from, they could compare it with the time ⓑwhere they were, which could be easily determined using a sundial. By comparing the two times, they could then figure out their longitude.

The Board of Longitude, however, was not impressed by this idea. Based on the opinions of leading scientists, they believed that clocks couldn't accurately tell time on the open sea. This reasoning was based on the fact that clocks of that time had pendulums that swung back and forth inside ⓒthem. But on rough seas, with the ship moving violently in all directions, the pendulum would not swing steadily. Therefore, clocks would not be able to keep time. In addition, clocks were large, heavy, and made out of metal. The metal in clocks was very sensitive to temperature changes. For these reasons, the Board of Longitude actually expected the solution to be related to the observations of stars rather than to clocks.

However, Harrison was sure he could make a clock that remained ⓓaccurate on long sea voyages.

He suggested ⓔto use springs instead of pendulums, and making the clock out of special metal that was not easily affected by temperature or moisture. In 1735, he completed his project, which he named H1.

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

9. 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르게 연결된 것은?⁹⁾ Success at Last

Harrison tried H1 out on a sailing trip to Lisbon in 1736, and it actually worked well. Still, Harrison believed he could make a better device, so he spent the years between 1736 and 1759 (A)[to build / building] new versions of his clock: H2, H3, and H4. Unlike the previous versions which (B)[was / were] all large and not accurate, H4 was quite small. In fact, it was no (C)[big / bigger] than a pocket watch. In 1761, H4 was tested on a long voyage across the Atlantic Ocean. Harrison was 68 years old at that time, so his son made the voyage in his place. Two months later, when the ship arrived in Jamaica from Britain, H4 was only five seconds slow.

(A) (B) (C)

① to build was big

② building were big

(4)

③ building was bigger

④ building were bigger

⑤ to build were bigger

10. 글의 순서를 알맞게 나열한 것은?¹⁰⁾

(A) However, bad weather caused them to make a mistake in calculating their longitude, and they struck some rocks near the Isles of Scilly. Four ships sank and nearly 2,000 men died, making it one of Britain's worst sea disasters ever.

(B) In 1707, the difficulty in calculating longitude led to a terrible tragedy. A group of British warships were returning home after a military victory.

(C) Seven years later, in an effort to prevent this kind of accident from happening again, the British government offered 20,000 pounds to anyone who could create a method of correctly determining longitude to help sailors.

They then established the "Board of Longitude" to choose a winner.

① (A)-(B)-(C) ② (A)-(C)-(B)

③ (B)-(A)-(C) ④ (B)-(C)-(A)

⑤ (C)-(A)-(B)

The British government offered 20,000 pounds to anyone who could create a method of correctly determining longitude to help sailors. They then established the "Board of Longitude" to choose a winner.

A young man named John Harrison heard about this. As an engineer, he was convinced that clock mechanics could solve the problem. If the sailors had a clock that showed the exact time at the place they left from, they could compare it with the time where they were, which could be easily determined using a sundial. ________________________, they could then figure out their longitude.

11. What is the passage mainly about?¹¹⁾

① The conditions to be a winner of the prize

② The decision of the British government

③ The behind story of the Board of Longitude

④ A young man's idea for the accurate longitude

⑤ A solution for clock mechanics

12. 위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?¹²⁾

① If they knew the exact time where they were

(5)

- 5 -

② Because a sundial was relatively accurate

③ Considering how long they sailed

④ According to clock mechanism

⑤ By comparing the two times

13. 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적합한 곳을 고르시오. ¹³⁾

These instruments told them how far they were from the equator.

When traveling by sea, knowing your exact location can mean the difference between life and death. Today's sailors rely on satellite technology to find out their location, but sailors in the past couldn't do this. So they were always in danger when at sea. This all changed in the 18th century, however, thanks to the hard work and persistence of an English clockmaker.

The Longitude Problem

Before that time, sailors depended on instruments that calculated the position of the sun or stars to tell them their latitude. (A) Determining their longitude was even more difficult. Since the Earth rotates at a steady rate of 360° per day or 15° per hour, every 15° of longitude a ship traveled, the local time changed by one hour. (B) That is to say, there is a direct relationship between time and longitude. (C) In order to calculate longitude, sailors needed to determine the time at sea and depended on the positions of stars and planets for help. (D) Doing this, however, was neither easy nor exact. (E)

① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)

The Board of Longitude, however, was not impressed by his idea. (A) Based on the opinions of leading scientists, they believed that clocks couldn't accurately tell time on the open sea. (B) This reasoning was based on the fact that clocks of that time had pendulums that swung back and forth inside them. (C) But on rough seas, with the ship moving violently in all directions, the pendulum would not swing steadily. (D) In addition, clocks were large, heavy, and made out of metal. (E) The metal in clocks was very sensitive to temperature changes. For these reasons, the Board of Longitude actually expected the solution to be related to the observations of stars rather than to clocks.

14. 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적합한 곳을 고르시오. ¹⁴⁾

Therefore, clocks would not be able to keep time.

① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)

(6)

- 6 - 15. What is main topic of the passage?¹⁵⁾

① The innovative idea to measure longitude exactly

② The wrong belief about the longitude at that time

③ The solution for accurately observing stars suggested by the board of Longitude

④ The things that prevent Harrison from inventing clock

⑤ The reason why the Board of Longitude didn't advocate Harrison's idea

16. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?¹⁶⁾

Nevertheless, the Board of Longitude did not immediately give him the prize money. They still didn't believe the clocks could really work. This was because many members of the Board ⓐ belonged to the Astronomer's Royal. These members still believed the answer to the longitude problem could only be found by the astronomical method. ⓑFrustrated, Harrison decided to show King George III H5, which he had begun working on while H4 ⓒwas being evaluated by the Board of Longitude. The king tested H5 himself, and after ten weeks of daily tests, found it ⓓto be accurate to within one-third of one second per day.

Harrison finally received the prize money by Act of Parliament in June 1773. This meant John Harrison was recognized as ⓔsolved the longitude problem in the end. By this time, Harrison was 80 years old and known throughout Britain as "Longitude Harrison." He died three years later, but his work was a great success. In fact, it led to the development of today's marine chronometer.

17. 위 글의 빈칸 ㉠, ㉡에 흐름상 들어갈 알맞은 말로 바르게 연결된 것은?¹⁷⁾ Success at Last

Harrison tried H1 out on a sailing trip to Lisbon in 1736, and it actually worked well. Still, Harrison believed he could make a better device, so he spent the years between 1736 and 1759 building new versions of his clock: H2, H3, and H4. ㉠__________ the previous versions which were all large and not accurate, H4 was quite small. In fact, it was no bigger than a pocket watch. In 1761, H4 was tested on a long voyage across the Atlantic Ocean. Harrison was 68 years old at that time, so his son made the voyage in his place. Two months later, when the ship arrived in Jamaica from Britain, H4 was only five seconds slow.

Harrison felt he had solved the problem, but unfortunately the Board of Longitude wasn't convinced. They demanded a second test, which also turned out to be a success. At this point, they said that they would offer Harrison 10,000 pounds if he would reveal his secrets to making H4 and hand over all four of his clocks to them. They also said he would be given the other 10,000 pounds when copies of the watch had been made and tested. Harrison did not accept the suggestion right away. ㉡____________, he eventually released the details of his H4 because he had worked for so long and wanted to gain recognition for his invention.

(7)

- 7 - ㉠㉡

① Unlike Otherwise

② Unlike However

③ Unlike While

④ Likewise However

⑤ Likewise Otherwise

John Harrison's Innovative Idea

A young man named John Harrison heard about this. As an engineer, he was convinced that clock mechanics could solve the problem. If the sailors had a clock that showed the exact time at the place they left from, they could compare (A)it with the time where they were, which could be easily determined using a sundial. By comparing the two times, they could then figure out their longitude.

The Board of Longitude, however, was not impressed by his idea. Based on the opinions of leading scientists, they believed that clocks couldn't accurately tell time on the open sea. This reasoning was based on the fact that clocks of that time had pendulums that swung back and forth inside them. But on rough seas, (B)배가 사방으로 심하게 요동치면, the pendulum would not swing steadily. Therefore, clocks would not be able to keep time. In addition, clocks were large, heavy, and made out of metal. The metal in clocks was very sensitive to temperature changes. For these reasons, the Board of Longitude actually expected the solution to be related to the observations of stars rather than to clocks.

However, Harrison was sure he could make a clock that remained accurate on long sea voyages.

He suggested using springs instead of pendulums, and making the clock out of special metal that was not easily affected by temperature or moisture. In 1735, he completed his project, which he named H1.

18. Why did the Board of Longitude believe clocks couldn't accurately tell time on the open sea?¹⁸⁾ (1) __________________________________________________

(2) __________________________________________________

19. What does the underlined (A) refer to?¹⁹⁾

20. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (B)를 아래 주어진 조건을 참조하여 영작하시오.²⁰⁾

<조건>

1. with를 사용하여 부대상황의 분사구문으로 만들 것.

2. directions, violently, move를 활용하여 총 8자로 영작할 것.

(8)

- 8 -

Lesson 8 기출모음

1) ① 2) latitude 3)

㈎the exact time at the place where they left from

㈏ the time where they were 4) ①

5) ③ 6) ④ 7) ⑤ 8) ⑤ 9) ④ 10) ③ 11) ④ 12) ⑤ 13) ① 14) 4 15) ⑤ 16) ⑤ 17) ② 18)

(1) on rough seas, pendulums would not swing steadily.

(2) the metal in clocks was sensitive to temperature changes.

19) the exact time at the place they left from 20) with the ship moving violently in all directions,