883
Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815
서 론
원자력발전소
(
원전)
는1978
년고리원자력발전소1
호기를시 작으로월성,
신월성,
한빛,
한울등2014
년기준으로총23
개가 가동되고있으며그중월성원전은1983
년부터상업운전이시 작되어지금까지가동되고있다(Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, 2015).
원전에서냉각수로사용된해수는배 수구를통해온배수로배출되며이는주변해양생태계를변화 시킬뿐아니라해양생물분포에도영향을미치는데수온변화 가가장직접적인요인으로간주된다(Langford, 1990).
서식지 온도가변하면기존출현했던생물중협온성생물은사라지고 새롭게바뀐온도조건에적응하는생물로대체된다.
월성원전 주변해역에수온변화를일으키는요인으로태양에너지,
조류,
온배수,
냉수대등을들수있다.
그외여름철대마난류의북 상과겨울철북한한류의남하로수온변화가초래되는것으로 알려져있다(Chung et al., 1998).
특히,
여름철감포와울기사이에형성되는냉수대가주변해양생태계에영향을주는것으
로알려져있고이것에대한지속적인연구가수행중이다
(Lee,
1978; Lee and Na, 1985; Byun, 1989).
이해역의수온분포에 영향을주는특징으로원전으로부터배출되는온배수의확산을 들수있다(Chung et al., 1998).
원전으로부터배출되는온배수 의확산형태는주위해수의흐름,
해안의지형,
바람등의영향을받는다
(KEPCO, 1990).
일반적으로어류가적응할수있는범위는온도가상승할경우
1.1℃/
일미만으로이범위를벗어날경우종마다차이는있겠지만열충격을받는것으로알려져 있다
.
주로온배수확산구역에서는냉수성종은감소하고온수 성종은증가하는경향을보인다(MOF, 2007).
원전이수산자원에미치는영향에관한연구는환경의영향 을고려한원전주변해양생물의군집구조를이해하는데중요 하다
.
이와관련해서월성원전주변에서연구된식물플랑크톤 은수온에대한반응이종마다다르나(Kang et al., 2003),
동물 플랑크톤의군집은수온과온배수의영향을거의받지않는것월성원자력발전소 취수구 및 배수구에서 삼중자망으로 채집된 어류의 종조성 비교
유정화·유재명
1·김진구*
부경대학교 자원생물학과, 1한국해양과학기술원
Comparison of Fish Species Composition by Trammel Net at the Intake and Discharge of Weolseong Nuclear Power Plant
Jung-Hwa Ryu, Jae Myung Yoo
1
and Jin-Koo Kim*Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Korea
1
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, 15627, Korea
We investigated fish species composition seasonally at the intake and discharge of Weolseong Nuclear Power Plant (WS-NPP) from February to November 2008 using a trammel net. At the intake, 121 individuals belonging to 28 spe- cies were collected, and 157 fish from 34 species were sampled at the WS-NPP discharge. Dominant species at the intake were Chelidonichthys spinosus (17.2%), Scomber japonicus (11.5%) and Ditrema temminckii (8.2%) at the in- take, while Sillago japonica (18.5%), Chelidonichthys spinosus (13.4%) and Konosirus punctatus (8.3%) dominated at the discharge. The species count and diversity index at the discharge were highest during winter, whereas those at the intake were highest during spring, perhaps due to warm seawater at the discharge site. This study is the first to reveal an effect of effluent water on the aggregation of warm water fish species during winter.
Key words: Weolseong Nuclear Power Plant, Intake, Discharge, Fish, Species composition
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2016.0883 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(6) 883-888, December 2016
Received 24 November 2016; Revised 26 December 2016; Accepted 27 December 2016
*Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 51. 629. 5927 Fax: +82. 51. 629. 5931
E-mail address: [email protected]
유정화
ㆍ
유재명ㆍ
김진구884
으로보고되었다
(Kim et al., 2010).
한편,
월성원전주변에서어 류를대상으로한조사는신월성원전주변조간대어류상조사(Choi et al., 2008),
월성원전주변저층트롤에의한어류상조 사(Choi et al., 2014)
등이있지만원전온배수가어류출현에 직접적인영향을미치는배수구인근에서조사된연구는매우 드물다.
따라서본연구는월성원전취수구및배수구에최대한 근접한지점에서삼중자망으로계절별출현어류의종조성및 계절변동을비교하여원전온배수가어류출현에미치는직접 적인영향을파악하고자한다.
재료 및 방법
2008
년2
월, 5
월, 8
월, 11
월총4
회에걸쳐경상북도경주시양 남면나아리소재의월성원전취수구와배수구주변으로부터300 m
내측에서,
조사해역의수심은10 m
이내로반저성또는 저서성어류등다양한어류를채집하기에적합한삼중자망을 설치하여어획물전량을조사하였다.
월성원전취수구및배수 구에인접한정점에서각15
폭(1
폭의규격은가로80 m,
높이3 m,
망목7 cm)
의삼중자망을투망한후2
일경과후(
어황에따 라변경)
어획물을전량수거하여실험실로운반한후정밀동 정하였으며종별개체수와중량을측정하였다.
종동정및분류 는Nakabo (2002), Kim et al. (2001), Kim et al. (2005)
을참고 하였으며,
생체량은0.1 g
단위로측정하였다.
취수구및배수구 의수온과염분은월성원전에서제공한자료를근거로조사지점까지떨어진거리
(300 m)
를고려해서동일시기에월성원전에서
3 km
떨어진지점에서조사보고된수온과염분자료(Choi et al., 2014)
를참고하여역추정하였다.
결 과
수온과 염분
취수구의수온은
12.6-18.9℃ (
평균14.9℃)
로2
월(12.6℃)
에 가장낮았고, 8
월(18.9℃)
에가장높았다.
반면배수구의수온 은18.4-20.1℃ (
평균19.2℃)
로취수구의평균수온인14.9℃
에비해
4℃
이상높았다.
취수구의염분은32.2-33.0 psu (
평균32.6 psu)
로8
월(32.2 psu)
에가장낮았고, 2
월(33.0 psu)
에가 장높았다.
반면배수구의염분은33.4-34.0 psu (
평균33.8 psu)
로취수구의평균염분(32.6 psu)
에비해1.2 psu
높았다(Fig. 1).
종조성
월성원전의취수구와 배수구에서채집된어류는총
41
종으 로,
취수구에서는28
종121
개체31.2 kg
이채집된반면,
배수 구에서는34
종157
개체40.6 kg
이 채집되어 배수구가 취수 구보다 많이채집되었다.
취수구에서만 채집된 종은 쏨뱅이(Sebastiscus marmoratus),
점감펭(Scorpaena onaria),
전갱이(Trachurus japonicus),
도다리(Pleuronichthys cornutus),
물가 자미(Eopsetta grigorjewi),
쥐치(Stephanolepis cirrhifer),
말쥐치
(Thamnaconus modestus)
등7
종이었고,
배수구에서만채집 된종은홍어(Okamejei kenojei),
정어리(Sardinops melanost- ictus),
매퉁이(Saurida undosquamis),
달고기(Zeus faber),
돌 팍망둑(Pseudoblennius percoides),
게레치(Gerres oyena),
벵 에돔(Girella punctata),
줄벤자리(Rhynchopelates oxyrhyn- chus),
돌돔(Oplegnathus fasciatus),
날돛양태(Repomucenus beniteguri),
삼치(Scomberomorus niphonius),
넙치(Paralich- thys olivaceus)
등12
종으로두지점이가까이위치하고있음에 도불구하고서로다른종이많이채집되었다.
계절별종수를비교하면취수구에서는
5
월에17
종으로가장 많았고2
월(13
종), 8
월(8
종), 11
월(4
종)
순인반면,
배수구에서 는2
월에19
종으로가장많았고11
월(14
종), 5
월(13
종), 8
월(8
종)
으로매우달랐다.
개체수는종수와달리두정점이유사한 경향을보였는데, 5
월에취수구에서50
개체및배수구에서48
개체로가장많이채집되었다.
종다양성지수는취수구에서5
월(2.5)
에가장높았고2
월(2.4), 8
월(2.2), 11
월(0.8)
순으로나타 난반면,
배수구에서는2
월(2.6)
에가장높았고11
월(2.4), 5
월(2.2), 8
월(1.4)
순으로나타나많이달랐다.
생체량을비교하면Feb May Aug Nov
Feb May Aug Nov
Feb May Aug Nov Feb May Aug Nov
Feb May Aug Nov Feb May Aug Nov
Te m pe ra tu re (℃ )
12 14 16 18 20 22
Intake Discaharge
Month
Month Month
Salini ty (psu)
32.0 32.2 32.4 32.6 32.8 33.0 33.2 33.4 33.6 33.8 34.0
Intake Discaharge
A
B
The nu m be r o f s pe ci es
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Intake Discaharge
The nu m be r o f i nd iv idua ls
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
The nu m be r o f b io m ass (k g)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
D iv er si ty (H ')
0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
A
D C
B
Fig. 1. Water temperature (A) and salinity (B) at intake (●) and discharge (○) of Weolseong Nuclear Power Plant.월성원전 취수구와 배수구의 어류 종조성 비교
885
취수구에서는
5
월에13.3 kg
으로가장많았고2
월(10.5 kg), 11
월(4.7 kg), 8
월(2.7 kg)
순으로나타난반면,
배수구에서는5
월 에13.6 kg
으로가장많았고2
월(13.5 kg), 11
월(10.0 kg), 8
월(3.4 kg)
순으로나타나유사하였다(Fig. 2).
개체수에서의우 점종은취수구에서는성대(Chelidonichthys spinosus, 17.4%)
가가장많았고고등어(Scomber japonicus, 11.6),
망상어(Dit- rema temminckii, 8.3)
순인반면,
배수구에서는청보리멸(Sil- lago japonica, 18.5%)
이가장많았고성대(C. spinosus, 13.4),
전어(Konosirus punctatus, 8.3)
순으로정점간차이를보였다.
생체량에서의우점종은 취수구에서 쥐노래미(Hexagrammos otakii, 19.9%)
가가장많았고성대(C. spinosus, 14.3),
고등어(S. japonicus, 9.4)
순인반면,
배수구에서는황아귀(Lophius litulon, 12.7%)
가가장많았고성대(C. spinosus, 11.2),
돌가 자미(Kareius bicoloratus, 10.6)
순으로정점간차이를보였다(Table 1, 2).
고 찰
월성원전에서제공된수온자료및
Choi et al. (2014)
의수온 자료를종합적으로고려하더라도본조사에서배수구와취수구사이의수온차이는상당히크며
,
특히두정점간겨울수온차 이가큰데겨울배수구에서높은종수와종다양성지수가초래 된이유가여기에있을수있다.
동해타해역에서수행된삼중 자망조사결과를보면,
경상북도흥해7
회28
종(Hwang et al., 1997),
강원도고성4
회33
종(Ryu et al., 2005).
독도12
회53
종(Lee et al., 2010)
으로본조사가다른지역에비해다양한종수 를보였는데이는동계수온차이에서비롯된것으로사료된다.
지역간우점종을비교해보면,
개체수에서흥해는볼락,
고성은 참가자미,
독도는말쥐치가우점한데,
본조사에서는성대와청 보리멸과같은난수성어종이우점하여차이를보였다.
그외 다른어구와비교하면,
월성원전주변에서저인망으로12
회채 집된종은72
종으로개체수에서기름가자미가우점하여(Choi et al., 2014)
본조사결과와큰차이를보였다.
이는Choi et al.
(2014)
의조사가월성원전에서3 km
떨어진외측(
수심30 m)
에서이루어진데반해본조사는월성원전에서0.3 km
떨어진내측
(
수심10 m)
에서이루어졌기때문으로사료된다.
실제로본조사와
Choi et al. (2014)
의배수구주변평균수온을비교하 면본조사가18.4-20.1℃ (19.2℃)
로, Choi et al. (2014)
의결과 인14.6-18.9℃ (16.3℃)
보다약2.9℃
높았다.
한편Choi et al.
Feb May Aug Nov
Feb May Aug Nov
Feb May Aug Nov Feb May Aug Nov
Feb May Aug Nov Feb May Aug Nov
Te m pe ra tu re (℃ )
12 14 16 18
Month
Month Month
Salini ty (psu)
32.0 32.2 32.4 32.6 32.8 33.0 33.2 33.4 33.6 33.8 34.0
Intake Discaharge
B
The nu m be r o f s pe ci es
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Intake Discaharge
The nu m be r o f i nd iv idua ls
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
The nu m be r o f b io m ass (k g)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
D iv er si ty (H ')
0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
A
D C
B
Fig. 2. Monthly variations of the number of species (A), individuals (B), biomass (C) and diversity (D).
유정화
ㆍ
유재명ㆍ
김진구886
(2008)
은신월성원전주변조간대에서족대,
들망등으로8
회 조사한결과27
종의어류를보고하면서무늬횟대,
별망둑,
노래 미를우점종으로보고하여본조사와뚜렷한차이를보였다.
이러한차이는얕은수심대의조간대와
10 m
수심대의조하대의서식처환경에따른출현종차이로볼수있다
.
일반적으로어류는운동성이높으므로비록정착성어류라할 지라도수온환경이변하면보다적합한서식수온을찾아이동 한다
.
최근전지구적온난화현상으로우리나라연근해의수온 이과거100
년전에비해0.5℃
이상증가하였으며,
동해안은 난수종의북방한계가점차북상하고있다(MOF, 2007).
이에따라울진원전해역까지북상한난수종이동계에다시남하하 지않고원전의온배수확산해역에머무는경우가있을수있 다
.
실제로온대해역에서발전소의냉각기가동으로인한주변해역의수온은
8-12℃
정도까지상승하는것으로알려져있다(Hoffmeyer et al., 2005).
그외동해중부에비해동해남부의 어류상이 다양하며,
난수성어종이현저히많고,
특히하계는 대마난류를따라북상한난수성어종이원전온배수에유인되 어점차배수구쪽으로밀집되는경향을보인다는보고가있다(MOF, 2007).
본논문은이러한경향이월성원전배수구에서도일어나고있음을보여주는첫사례가될것이다
.
Table 1. Species composition of fish collected at intake of Weolseong Nuclear Power PlantMonth
Scientific name February May August November Sum %
N B N B N B N B N B N B
Conger myriaster 0 0 3 594 0 0 0 0 3 594 2.5 1.9
Clupea pallasii 0 0 2 291 0 0 0 0 2 291 1.7 0.9
Konosirus punctatus 6 1150 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1150 5.0 3.7
Lophius litulon 1 300 0 0 0 0 3 614 4 914 3.3 2.9
Scorpaena onaria 0 0 0 0 1 116 0 0 1 116 0.8 0.4
Sebastes inermis 7 840 2 709 0 0 0 0 9 1549 7.4 5.0
Sebastes pachycephalus 3 840 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 840 2.5 2.7
Sebastes schlegelii 2 1410 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1410 1.7 4.5
Sebastes thompsoni 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 256 1 256 0.8 0.8
Sebastiscus marmoratus 1 300 1 240 0 0 0 0 2 540 1.7 1.7
Chelidonichthys spinosus 6 960 14 3338 1 177 0 0 21 4475 17.4 14.3
Hexagrammos otakii 1 900 5 3053 1 1310 1 945 8 6208 6.6 19.9
Aptocyclus ventricosus 3 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 360 2.5 1.2
Sillago japonica 3 360 2 360 1 50 0 0 6 770 5.0 2.5
Seriola dumerili 0 0 0 0 1 502 0 0 1 502 0.8 1.6
Trachurus japonicus 0 0 0 0 1 15 0 0 1 15 0.8 0.0
Pagrus major 0 0 1 234 0 0 0 0 1 234 0.8 0.7
Ditrema temmincki 6 1560 4 899 0 0 0 0 10 2459 8.3 7.9
Pseudolabrus sieboldi 1 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 140 0.8 0.4
Halichoeres poecilopterus 0 0 2 245 0 0 0 0 2 245 1.7 0.8
Scomber japonicus 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 2934 14 2934 11.6 9.4
Eopsetta grigorjewi 0 0 1 155 0 0 0 0 1 155 0.8 0.5
Kareius bicoloratus 0 0 2 661 1 339 0 0 3 1000 2.5 3.2
Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae 5 1380 2 766 0 0 0 0 7 2146 5.8 6.9
Pleuronichthys cornutus 0 0 2 365 0 0 0 0 2 365 1.7 1.2
Paraplagusia japonica 0 0 3 685 0 0 0 0 3 685 2.5 2.2
Stephanolepis cirrhifer 0 0 2 561 1 153 0 0 3 714 2.5 2.3
Thamnaconus modestus 0 0 1 173 0 0 0 0 1 173 0.8 0.6
Sum 45 10500 49 13329 8 2662 19 4749 121 31240 100 100
% 37.2 33.6 40.5 42.7 6.6 8.5 15.7 15.2 100 100
N: Number of individuals, B: Biomass (g)
Table 2. Species composition of fish collected at discharge of Weolseong Nuclear Power Plant Month
Scientific name February May August November Sum %
N B N B N B N B N B N B
Okamejei kenojei 1 980 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 980 0.6 2.4
Conger myriaster 0 0 1 315 0 0 0 0 1 315 0.6 0.8
Clupea pallasii 0 0 12 2160 0 0 0 0 12 2160 7.6 5.3
Konosirus punctatus 12 2160 0 0 0 0 1 135 13 2295 8.3 5.7
Sardinops melanostictus 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 100 1 100 0.6 0.2
Saurida undosquamis 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 484 1 484 0.6 1.2
Lophiomus litulon 3 1140 1 1400 0 0 3 2608 7 5148 4.5 12.7
Zeus faber 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 954 3 954 1.9 2.3
Sebastes inermis 2 764 2 662 0 0 0 0 4 1426 2.5 3.5
Sebastes pachycephalus 1 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 220 0.6 0.5
Sebastes schlegelii 4 880 2 334 0 0 0 0 6 1214 3.8 3.0
Sebastes thompsoni 1 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 180 0.6 0.4
Chelidonichthys spinosus 5 1400 11 2511 0 0 5 632 21 4543 13.4 11.2
Platycephalus indicus 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 82 1 82 0.6 0.2
Hexagrammos otakii 3 1120 2 1189 0 0 1 770 6 3079 3.8 7.6
Pseudoblennius percoides 1 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 40 0.6 0.1
Aptocyclus ventricosus 2 1400 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1400 1.3 3.4
Gerres oyena 1 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 200 0.6 0.5
Sillago japonica 1 60 5 370 17 1140 6 434 29 2004 18.5 4.9
Seriola dumerili 0 0 0 0 2 683 0 0 2 683 1.3 1.7
Pagrus major 0 0 0 0 1 247 1 417 2 664 1.3 1.6
Girella punctata 1 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 440 0.6 1.1
Rhyncopelates oxyrhynchus 0 0 0 0 1 91 0 0 1 91 0.6 0.2
Oplegnathus fasciatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 164 1 164 0.6 0.4
Ditrema temmincki 4 480 1 168 1 213 0 0 6 861 3.8 2.1
Pseudolabrus sieboldi 1 220 0 0 2 377 0 0 3 597 1.9 1.5
Halichoeres poecilopterus 0 0 2 304 0 0 0 0 2 304 1.3 0.7
Repomucenus beniteguri 0 0 0 0 3 163 0 0 3 163 1.9 0.4
Scomber japonicus 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 405 3 405 1.9 1.0
Scomberomorus niphonius 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2615 5 2615 3.2 6.4
Paralichthys olivaceus 1 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 140 0.6 0.3
Kareius bicoloratus 2 1580 5 2729 0 0 0 0 7 4309 4.5 10.6
Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae 1 140 2 717 0 0 0 0 3 857 1.9 2.1
Paraplagusia japonica 0 0 2 731 2 512 1 246 5 1489 3.2 3.7
Sum 47 13544 48 13590 29 3426 33 10046 157 40606 100 100
% 29.9 33.4 30.6 33.5 18.5 8.4 21.0 24.7 100 100
N: Number of individuals, B: Biomass (g)
유정화
ㆍ
유재명ㆍ
김진구888
사 사
이논문은부경대학교자율창의학술연구비
(2016)
에의하여 연구되었음.
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