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Comparison of Fish Species Composition by Trammel Net at the Intake and Discharge of Weolseong Nuclear Power Plant

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883

Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815

서 론

원자력발전소

(

원전

)

1978

고리원자력발전소

1

호기를 작으로월성

,

신월성

,

한빛

,

한울

2014

기준으로

23

개가 가동되고있으며월성원전은

1983

년부터상업운전이 작되어지금까지가동되고있다

(Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, 2015).

원전에서냉각수로사용된해수는 수구를통해온배수로배출되며이는주변해양생태계를변화 시킬아니라해양생물분포에도영향을미치는데수온변화 가장직접적인요인으로간주된다

(Langford, 1990).

서식지 온도가변하면기존출현했던생물협온성생물은사라지고 새롭게바뀐온도조건에적응하는생물로대체된다

.

월성원전 주변해역에수온변화를일으키는요인으로태양에너지

,

조류

,

온배수

,

냉수대등을있다

.

여름철대마난류의 상과겨울철북한한류의남하로수온변화가초래되는것으로 알려져있다

(Chung et al., 1998).

특히

,

여름철감포와울기

이에형성되는냉수대가주변해양생태계에영향을주는것으

알려져있고이것에대한지속적인연구가수행중이다

(Lee,

1978; Lee and Na, 1985; Byun, 1989).

해역의수온분포에 영향을주는특징으로원전으로부터배출되는온배수의확산을 있다

(Chung et al., 1998).

원전으로부터배출되는온배수 확산형태는주위해수의흐름

,

해안의지형

,

바람등의영향

받는다

(KEPCO, 1990).

일반적으로어류가적응할있는

범위는온도가상승할경우

1.1℃/

미만으로범위를벗어

경우종마다차이는있겠지만열충격을받는것으로알려져 있다

.

주로온배수확산구역에서는냉수성종은감소하고온수 종은증가하는경향을보인다

(MOF, 2007).

원전이수산자원에미치는영향에관한연구는환경의영향 고려한원전주변해양생물의군집구조를이해하는데중요 하다

.

이와관련해서월성원전주변에서연구된식물플랑크톤 수온에대한반응이종마다다르나

(Kang et al., 2003),

동물 플랑크톤의군집은수온과온배수의영향을거의받지않는

월성원자력발전소 취수구 및 배수구에서 삼중자망으로 채집된 어류의 종조성 비교

유정화·유재명

1

·김진구*

부경대학교 자원생물학과, 1한국해양과학기술원

Comparison of Fish Species Composition by Trammel Net at the Intake and Discharge of Weolseong Nuclear Power Plant

Jung-Hwa Ryu, Jae Myung Yoo

1

and Jin-Koo Kim*

Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Korea

1

Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, 15627, Korea

We investigated fish species composition seasonally at the intake and discharge of Weolseong Nuclear Power Plant (WS-NPP) from February to November 2008 using a trammel net. At the intake, 121 individuals belonging to 28 spe- cies were collected, and 157 fish from 34 species were sampled at the WS-NPP discharge. Dominant species at the intake were Chelidonichthys spinosus (17.2%), Scomber japonicus (11.5%) and Ditrema temminckii (8.2%) at the in- take, while Sillago japonica (18.5%), Chelidonichthys spinosus (13.4%) and Konosirus punctatus (8.3%) dominated at the discharge. The species count and diversity index at the discharge were highest during winter, whereas those at the intake were highest during spring, perhaps due to warm seawater at the discharge site. This study is the first to reveal an effect of effluent water on the aggregation of warm water fish species during winter.

Key words: Weolseong Nuclear Power Plant, Intake, Discharge, Fish, Species composition

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2016.0883 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(6) 883-888, December 2016

Received 24 November 2016; Revised 26 December 2016; Accepted 27 December 2016

*Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 51. 629. 5927 Fax: +82. 51. 629. 5931

E-mail address: [email protected]

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유정화

유재명

김진구

884

으로보고되었다

(Kim et al., 2010).

한편

,

월성원전주변에서 류를대상으로조사는신월성원전주변조간대어류상조사

(Choi et al., 2008),

월성원전주변저층트롤에의한어류상

(Choi et al., 2014)

등이있지만원전온배수가어류출현에 직접적인영향을미치는배수구인근에서조사된연구는매우 드물다

.

따라서연구는월성원전취수구배수구에최대한 근접한지점에서삼중자망으로계절별출현어류의종조성 계절변동을비교하여원전온배수가어류출현에미치는직접 적인영향을파악하고자한다

.

재료 및 방법

2008

2

, 5

, 8

, 11

4

회에걸쳐경상북도경주시 남면나아리소재의월성원전취수구와배수구주변으로부터

300 m

내측에서

,

조사해역의수심은

10 m

이내로반저성또는 저서성어류다양한어류를채집하기에적합한삼중자망을 설치하여어획물전량을조사하였다

.

월성원전취수구배수 구에인접한정점에서

15

(1

폭의규격은가로

80 m,

높이

3 m,

망목

7 cm)

삼중자망을투망한

2

경과

(

어황에 변경

)

어획물을전량수거하여실험실로운반한정밀 정하였으며종별개체수와중량을측정하였다

.

종동정분류

Nakabo (2002), Kim et al. (2001), Kim et al. (2005)

참고 하였으며

,

생체량은

0.1 g

단위로측정하였다

.

취수구배수구 수온과염분은월성원전에서제공한자료를근거로조사지

점까지떨어진거리

(300 m)

고려해서동일시기에월성원전

에서

3 km

떨어진지점에서조사보고된수온과염분자료

(Choi et al., 2014)

참고하여역추정하였다

.

결 과

수온과 염분

취수구의수온은

12.6-18.9℃ (

평균

14.9℃)

2

(12.6℃)

가장낮았고

, 8

(18.9℃)

가장높았다

.

반면배수구의수온

18.4-20.1℃ (

평균

19.2℃)

취수구의평균수온인

14.9℃

비해

4℃

이상높았다

.

취수구의염분은

32.2-33.0 psu (

평균

32.6 psu)

8

(32.2 psu)

가장낮았고

, 2

(33.0 psu)

높았다

.

반면배수구의염분은

33.4-34.0 psu (

평균

33.8 psu)

취수구의평균염분

(32.6 psu)

비해

1.2 psu

높았다

(Fig. 1).

종조성

월성원전의취수구와 배수구에서채집된어류는

41

종으

,

취수구에서는

28

121

개체

31.2 kg

채집된반면

,

배수 구에서는

34

157

개체

40.6 kg

채집되어 배수구가 취수 구보다 많이채집되었다

.

취수구에서만 채집된 종은 쏨뱅이

(Sebastiscus marmoratus),

점감펭

(Scorpaena onaria),

전갱이

(Trachurus japonicus),

도다리

(Pleuronichthys cornutus),

물가 자미

(Eopsetta grigorjewi),

쥐치

(Stephanolepis cirrhifer),

말쥐

(Thamnaconus modestus)

7

종이었고

,

배수구에서만채집 종은홍어

(Okamejei kenojei),

정어리

(Sardinops melanost- ictus),

매퉁이

(Saurida undosquamis),

달고기

(Zeus faber),

팍망둑

(Pseudoblennius percoides),

게레치

(Gerres oyena),

에돔

(Girella punctata),

줄벤자리

(Rhynchopelates oxyrhyn- chus),

돌돔

(Oplegnathus fasciatus),

날돛양태

(Repomucenus beniteguri),

삼치

(Scomberomorus niphonius),

넙치

(Paralich- thys olivaceus)

12

종으로지점이가까이위치하고있음에 불구하고서로다른종이많이채집되었다

.

계절별종수를비교하면취수구에서는

5

월에

17

종으로가장 많았고

2

(13

), 8

(8

), 11

(4

)

순인반면

,

배수구에서

2

월에

19

종으로가장많았고

11

(14

), 5

(13

), 8

(8

)

으로매우달랐다

.

개체수는종수와달리정점이유사한 경향을보였는데

, 5

월에취수구에서

50

개체배수구에서

48

개체로가장많이채집되었다

.

종다양성지수는취수구에서

5

(2.5)

가장높았고

2

(2.4), 8

(2.2), 11

(0.8)

순으로나타 반면

,

배수구에서는

2

(2.6)

가장높았고

11

(2.4), 5

(2.2), 8

(1.4)

순으로나타나많이달랐다

.

생체량을비교하면

Feb May Aug Nov

Feb May Aug Nov

Feb May Aug Nov Feb May Aug Nov

Feb May Aug Nov Feb May Aug Nov

Te m pe ra tu re (℃ )

12 14 16 18 20 22

Intake Discaharge

Month

Month Month

Salini ty (psu)

32.0 32.2 32.4 32.6 32.8 33.0 33.2 33.4 33.6 33.8 34.0

Intake Discaharge

A

B

The nu m be r o f s pe ci es

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Intake Discaharge

The nu m be r o f i nd iv idua ls

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

The nu m be r o f b io m ass (k g)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

D iv er si ty (H ')

0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8

A

D C

B

Fig. 1. Water temperature (A) and salinity (B) at intake (●) and discharge (○) of Weolseong Nuclear Power Plant.

(3)

월성원전 취수구와 배수구의 어류 종조성 비교

885

취수구에서는

5

월에

13.3 kg

으로가장많았고

2

(10.5 kg), 11

(4.7 kg), 8

(2.7 kg)

순으로나타난반면

,

배수구에서는

5

13.6 kg

으로가장많았고

2

(13.5 kg), 11

(10.0 kg), 8

(3.4 kg)

순으로나타나유사하였다

(Fig. 2).

개체수에서의 점종은취수구에서는성대

(Chelidonichthys spinosus, 17.4%)

가장많았고고등어

(Scomber japonicus, 11.6),

망상어

(Dit- rema temminckii, 8.3)

순인반면

,

배수구에서는청보리멸

(Sil- lago japonica, 18.5%)

가장많았고성대

(C. spinosus, 13.4),

전어

(Konosirus punctatus, 8.3)

순으로정점간차이를보였다

.

생체량에서의우점종은 취수구에서 쥐노래미

(Hexagrammos otakii, 19.9%)

가장많았고성대

(C. spinosus, 14.3),

고등어

(S. japonicus, 9.4)

순인반면

,

배수구에서는황아귀

(Lophius litulon, 12.7%)

가장많았고성대

(C. spinosus, 11.2),

돌가 자미

(Kareius bicoloratus, 10.6)

순으로정점간차이를보였다

(Table 1, 2).

고 찰

월성원전에서제공된수온자료

Choi et al. (2014)

수온 자료를종합적으로고려하더라도조사에서배수구와취수구

사이의수온차이는상당히크며

,

특히정점간겨울수온 이가큰데겨울배수구에서높은종수와종다양성지수가초래 이유가여기에있을있다

.

동해타해역에서수행된삼중 자망조사결과를보면

,

경상북도흥해

7

28

(Hwang et al., 1997),

강원도고성

4

33

(Ryu et al., 2005).

독도

12

53

(Lee et al., 2010)

으로조사가다른지역에비해다양한종수 보였는데이는동계수온차이에서비롯된것으로사료된다

.

지역간우점종을비교해보면

,

개체수에서흥해는볼락

,

고성은 참가자미

,

독도는말쥐치가우점한데

,

조사에서는성대와 보리멸과같은난수성어종이우점하여차이를보였다

.

다른어구와비교하면

,

월성원전주변에서저인망으로

12

집된종은

72

종으로개체수에서기름가자미가우점하여

(Choi et al., 2014)

조사결과와차이를보였다

.

이는

Choi et al.

(2014)

조사가월성원전에서

3 km

떨어진외측

(

수심

30 m)

에서이루어진반해조사는월성원전에서

0.3 km

떨어진

내측

(

수심

10 m)

에서이루어졌기때문으로사료된다

.

실제로

조사와

Choi et al. (2014)

배수구주변평균수온을비교하 조사가

18.4-20.1℃ (19.2℃)

, Choi et al. (2014)

결과

14.6-18.9℃ (16.3℃)

보다

2.9℃

높았다

.

한편

Choi et al.

Feb May Aug Nov

Feb May Aug Nov

Feb May Aug Nov Feb May Aug Nov

Feb May Aug Nov Feb May Aug Nov

Te m pe ra tu re (℃ )

12 14 16 18

Month

Month Month

Salini ty (psu)

32.0 32.2 32.4 32.6 32.8 33.0 33.2 33.4 33.6 33.8 34.0

Intake Discaharge

B

The nu m be r o f s pe ci es

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Intake Discaharge

The nu m be r o f i nd iv idua ls

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

The nu m be r o f b io m ass (k g)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

D iv er si ty (H ')

0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8

A

D C

B

Fig. 2. Monthly variations of the number of species (A), individuals (B), biomass (C) and diversity (D).

(4)

유정화

유재명

김진구

886

(2008)

신월성원전주변조간대에서족대

,

들망등으로

8

조사한결과

27

종의어류를보고하면서무늬횟대

,

별망둑

,

노래 미를우점종으로보고하여조사와뚜렷한차이를보였다

.

러한차이는얕은수심대의조간대와

10 m

수심대의조하대의

서식처환경에따른출현종차이로있다

.

일반적으로어류는운동성이높으므로비록정착성어류라 지라도수온환경이변하면보다적합한서식수온을찾아이동 한다

.

최근전지구적온난화현상으로우리나라연근해의수온 과거

100

전에비해

0.5℃

이상증가하였으며

,

동해안은 난수종의북방한계가점차북상하고있다

(MOF, 2007).

이에

따라울진원전해역까지북상한난수종이동계에다시남하하 않고원전의온배수확산해역에머무는경우가있을

.

실제로온대해역에서발전소의냉각기가동으로인한주변

해역의수온은

8-12℃

정도까지상승하는것으로알려져있다

(Hoffmeyer et al., 2005).

동해중부에비해동해남부의 어류상이 다양하며

,

난수성어종이현저히많고

,

특히하계는 대마난류를따라북상한난수성어종이원전온배수에유인되 점차배수구쪽으로밀집되는경향을보인다는보고가있다

(MOF, 2007).

논문은이러한경향이월성원전배수구에서

일어나고있음을보여주는사례가것이다

.

Table 1. Species composition of fish collected at intake of Weolseong Nuclear Power Plant

Month

Scientific name February May August November Sum %

N B N B N B N B N B N B

Conger myriaster 0 0 3 594 0 0 0 0 3 594 2.5 1.9

Clupea pallasii 0 0 2 291 0 0 0 0 2 291 1.7 0.9

Konosirus punctatus 6 1150 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1150 5.0 3.7

Lophius litulon 1 300 0 0 0 0 3 614 4 914 3.3 2.9

Scorpaena onaria 0 0 0 0 1 116 0 0 1 116 0.8 0.4

Sebastes inermis 7 840 2 709 0 0 0 0 9 1549 7.4 5.0

Sebastes pachycephalus 3 840 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 840 2.5 2.7

Sebastes schlegelii 2 1410 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1410 1.7 4.5

Sebastes thompsoni 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 256 1 256 0.8 0.8

Sebastiscus marmoratus 1 300 1 240 0 0 0 0 2 540 1.7 1.7

Chelidonichthys spinosus 6 960 14 3338 1 177 0 0 21 4475 17.4 14.3

Hexagrammos otakii 1 900 5 3053 1 1310 1 945 8 6208 6.6 19.9

Aptocyclus ventricosus 3 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 360 2.5 1.2

Sillago japonica 3 360 2 360 1 50 0 0 6 770 5.0 2.5

Seriola dumerili 0 0 0 0 1 502 0 0 1 502 0.8 1.6

Trachurus japonicus 0 0 0 0 1 15 0 0 1 15 0.8 0.0

Pagrus major 0 0 1 234 0 0 0 0 1 234 0.8 0.7

Ditrema temmincki 6 1560 4 899 0 0 0 0 10 2459 8.3 7.9

Pseudolabrus sieboldi 1 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 140 0.8 0.4

Halichoeres poecilopterus 0 0 2 245 0 0 0 0 2 245 1.7 0.8

Scomber japonicus 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 2934 14 2934 11.6 9.4

Eopsetta grigorjewi 0 0 1 155 0 0 0 0 1 155 0.8 0.5

Kareius bicoloratus 0 0 2 661 1 339 0 0 3 1000 2.5 3.2

Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae 5 1380 2 766 0 0 0 0 7 2146 5.8 6.9

Pleuronichthys cornutus 0 0 2 365 0 0 0 0 2 365 1.7 1.2

Paraplagusia japonica 0 0 3 685 0 0 0 0 3 685 2.5 2.2

Stephanolepis cirrhifer 0 0 2 561 1 153 0 0 3 714 2.5 2.3

Thamnaconus modestus 0 0 1 173 0 0 0 0 1 173 0.8 0.6

Sum 45 10500 49 13329 8 2662 19 4749 121 31240 100 100

% 37.2 33.6 40.5 42.7 6.6 8.5 15.7 15.2 100 100

N: Number of individuals, B: Biomass (g)

(5)

Table 2. Species composition of fish collected at discharge of Weolseong Nuclear Power Plant Month

Scientific name February May August November Sum %

N B N B N B N B N B N B

Okamejei kenojei 1 980 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 980 0.6 2.4

Conger myriaster 0 0 1 315 0 0 0 0 1 315 0.6 0.8

Clupea pallasii 0 0 12 2160 0 0 0 0 12 2160 7.6 5.3

Konosirus punctatus 12 2160 0 0 0 0 1 135 13 2295 8.3 5.7

Sardinops melanostictus 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 100 1 100 0.6 0.2

Saurida undosquamis 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 484 1 484 0.6 1.2

Lophiomus litulon 3 1140 1 1400 0 0 3 2608 7 5148 4.5 12.7

Zeus faber 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 954 3 954 1.9 2.3

Sebastes inermis 2 764 2 662 0 0 0 0 4 1426 2.5 3.5

Sebastes pachycephalus 1 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 220 0.6 0.5

Sebastes schlegelii 4 880 2 334 0 0 0 0 6 1214 3.8 3.0

Sebastes thompsoni 1 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 180 0.6 0.4

Chelidonichthys spinosus 5 1400 11 2511 0 0 5 632 21 4543 13.4 11.2

Platycephalus indicus 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 82 1 82 0.6 0.2

Hexagrammos otakii 3 1120 2 1189 0 0 1 770 6 3079 3.8 7.6

Pseudoblennius percoides 1 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 40 0.6 0.1

Aptocyclus ventricosus 2 1400 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1400 1.3 3.4

Gerres oyena 1 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 200 0.6 0.5

Sillago japonica 1 60 5 370 17 1140 6 434 29 2004 18.5 4.9

Seriola dumerili 0 0 0 0 2 683 0 0 2 683 1.3 1.7

Pagrus major 0 0 0 0 1 247 1 417 2 664 1.3 1.6

Girella punctata 1 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 440 0.6 1.1

Rhyncopelates oxyrhynchus 0 0 0 0 1 91 0 0 1 91 0.6 0.2

Oplegnathus fasciatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 164 1 164 0.6 0.4

Ditrema temmincki 4 480 1 168 1 213 0 0 6 861 3.8 2.1

Pseudolabrus sieboldi 1 220 0 0 2 377 0 0 3 597 1.9 1.5

Halichoeres poecilopterus 0 0 2 304 0 0 0 0 2 304 1.3 0.7

Repomucenus beniteguri 0 0 0 0 3 163 0 0 3 163 1.9 0.4

Scomber japonicus 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 405 3 405 1.9 1.0

Scomberomorus niphonius 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2615 5 2615 3.2 6.4

Paralichthys olivaceus 1 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 140 0.6 0.3

Kareius bicoloratus 2 1580 5 2729 0 0 0 0 7 4309 4.5 10.6

Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae 1 140 2 717 0 0 0 0 3 857 1.9 2.1

Paraplagusia japonica 0 0 2 731 2 512 1 246 5 1489 3.2 3.7

Sum 47 13544 48 13590 29 3426 33 10046 157 40606 100 100

% 29.9 33.4 30.6 33.5 18.5 8.4 21.0 24.7 100 100

N: Number of individuals, B: Biomass (g)

(6)

유정화

유재명

김진구

888

사 사

논문은부경대학교자율창의학술연구비

(2016)

의하여 연구되었음

.

References

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수치

Fig. 2.  Monthly variations of the number of species (A), individuals (B), biomass (C) and diversity (D)
Table 2. Species composition of fish collected at discharge of Weolseong Nuclear Power Plant   Month

참조

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