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FROM THE EDITORS

Dear Readers

O

n June 20th to 23rd, the 34th ASEAN Summit was conducted in Bangkok, Thailand. The summit raised the issue of “Advancing Partnership for Sustainability,” which emphasizes the importance of maintaining ASEAN Centrality and unity in maintaining a sustainable, resilient, and forward-looking regional architecture, as well as promoting synergy among various ASEAN-led mechanism. Quoting the Chairman of the 34th ASEAN Summit, the event “shows the importance of advancing partnership for sustainability to achieve a people-centered, people-ori- ented, and forward-looking ASEAN Community.”

This ASEAN Insights edition raises the theme of “ASEAN Summit,” which highlights the discussion on ASEAN summit’s role in creating a more cohesive and connected ASEAN through 3 ‘S’: stabil- ity, security, and sustainability. The first article, written by Dr. Mustafa Izzuddin, provides us with a comprehensive commentary on the 34th ASEAN Summit. The article highlights the summit’s success in preserving member states interests and managing the complexities of South Eav Asia under the notion of regionalism. Meanwhile, the second article by Dr. Riefqi Muna discusses the centrality of ASEAN in facing the Indo-Pacific Initiative, after 10 ASEAN leaders agreed to adopt the ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific in the ASEAN Summit.

We would like to thank all those who have contributed to writing the wonderful and inspiring articles, without which there wouldn’t have been this newsletter issue.

Please enjoy the reading!

Sincerely,

Aisha R. Kusumasomantri Managing Editor

ASEAN Study Center

Department of International Relations

asean insights

asean insights is a monthly newsletter which aims to provide important insights on ASEAN issues. The news- letter is published by ASEAN Study Center, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, with the support from the Mission of the Republic of Korea to ASEAN. The content of asean insights does not re- flect the official opinion of the Mission of the Republic of Korea to ASEAN.

Mission of the

Republic of Korea

to ASEAN

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BOARD OF EDITORS Edy Prasetyono

Evi Fitriani Hariyadi Wirawan

Shofwan Al Banna Choiruzzad MANAGING EDITOR Aisha R. Kusumasomantri

FINANCIAL MANAGER Yuni R. Intarti LAYOUT & DESIGN

Ivan Sanjaya SUPPORTING TEAM Mutaaririn Nurul Hidayah Sestyo Ndaru Wicaksono

03 ASEAN Updates

08 Opinion

Major Takeaways from the 34th ASEAN Summit By Mustafa Izzuddin

07 Book Review

ASEAN Centrality, Then and Now:

An Optimistic View on ASEAN-US Trade Cooperation

12 Korean Mission Updates

06 Spotlight

34th ASEAN Summit

Empowering Micro, Small and Medium Enterpris- es in ASEAN

04 What They Say About ASEAN?

Mr. Nadim Makarim, the CEO of Go-Jek Indonesia

10 Opinion

Embracing Indo-Pacific and ASEAN Centrality By Riefqi Muna

14 Profile

Mission of the Republic of Korea to ASEAN ASEAN Study Center

CONTENTS

JUNE 2019

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asean updates

93rd Coordina�ng Commi�ee on

Services

Philippines

Philippines Independence Day

Philippines

ASEAN-Japan Forum

Vietnam

ACCSM (ASEAN Coopera�on on Civil Service Ma�er) Focal

Points Mee�ng

Bangkok, Thailand

47th ASEAN Senior Transport Officials Mee�ng (STOM) and 3rd ASEAN-EU Senior Transport Officials

Dialogue

Da Nang, Vietnam

june 03

1

june 12

2

12-14 june

3

17-21 june

4

18-20 june

5

ASEAN Youth Forum

Bangkok, Thailand

4th ASEAN Business Advisory Council Mee�ng and Joint

Business Mee�ng

Bangkok, Thailand

30th ASEAN Cosme�c Commi�ee Mee�ng

and Its Related Mee�ng

Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar

ASEAN Women’s Business Conference and Award Ceremony

Bangkok, Thailand

34th ASEAN Summit

● Mee�ng of the Permanent Representa�ves to ASEAN

● ASEAN Senior Officials’

Mee�ng

● 19th APSC Council Mee�ng AEC Council Mee�ng

● ASEAN Economic Ministers’

Mee�ng

23rd ASEAN Coordina�ng Council Mee�ng

Bangkok, Thailand

18-21 june

6

18-21 june

7

20-21 june

8

20-22 june

9

20-23 June

10

76th Mee�ng of the Commi�ee on Science, Technology

and Innova�on (COSTI-56) and Related Mee�ngs.

Bali, Indonesia

37th ASEAN Senior Officials’ Mee�ng on

Energy and Related Mee�ngs

Bangkok, Thailand

26th RCEP TNC and Related Mee�ngs

Melbourne, Australia

24-28 june

11

24-28 june

12

28 june- 03 july

13

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The following questions are directed to

Mr. Nadim Makarim

Founder & CEO of GOJEK Indonesia

W

hat inspired you to set up GO- JEK?

The idea for GOJEK came from my own experience as a user of Ojeks (motorcycle taxis) in Jakarta. I hate wasting time, so Ojeks were my natural choice for getting around the city as they are much quicker than taxis, but I often had a hard time finding one, and the pric- ing was totally inconsistent. I also noticed that many Ojek drivers were not using their time ef- fectively, spending hours waiting by the side of the street looking for business. I knew there had to be a more efficient way to match demand and supply.

I also began using ojeks for more than just trans- port. I would give a driver my laptop, for exam- ple, and ask him to take it from my office to my home. This is how I realized that drivers were trustworthy people who could do much more than just ferry people around.

I started with experiments - working with one or two Ojek drivers and hiring them for deliveries.

We then opened our initial call center service with 20 Ojek drivers, and this grew organically to ultimately become a full ecosystem of services reaching millions of consumers daily.

GOJEK was built on the belief that we need technology and a holistic approach to continue solving complex urban and economic challeng- es. This is how we continue to develop our eco- system - today, we have significantly evolved be- yond ride-hailing, focusing on user needs, which has allowed us to make a lasting impact on mul- tiple fronts. However, our core ethos remains the same - we connect people who have time but no money, with people who have money but no time.

We heard that GOJEK is currently expanding to other Southeast Asia countries (Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, and the Philippines).

Congratulations! How do you see this op- portunity for GOJEK in the future?

GOJEK’s hyper-local strategy is the reason why we are so successful in Indonesia.

GOJEK’s origin story is a uniquely Indonesian story - our approach from the beginning was to start with the customer problem first. Our suc- cess in Indonesia has convinced us that taking the same approach elsewhere in Southeast Asia – going local and listening closely to customer needs – will allow us to recreate this success.

W h a t

T h e y

S a y

a b o u t

ASEAN?

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Our expansion in Southeast Asia has taken off significantly. We have launched ride-hailing and food delivery in Vietnam, our Singapore ride-hailing service is already bringing massive benefits to millions of people, we have ramped up our presence on the streets of Bangkok, and have also announced plans to offer more cash- less solutions to consumers in the Philippines through our partnership with Coins.ph. We con- tinue to work hard in bringing the benefits of GOJEK to Southeast Asia.

So, we believe that there are some political, economic, and cultural differences between those countries.

What are GOJEK’s strategies in entering differ- ent markets in the region?

Our vision and mission is to use technology to improve the lives of people across the geogra- phies in which we are present, helping to create more value for society, improving efficiency and productivity, and boosting financial inclusion.

We want our business to have a positive impact on all of our stakeholders, whether it be driver partners, merchants, consumers, investors, or governments. We want to support economies and governments as they develop the broader digital ecosystem in ways that are inclusive and fosters innovation.

With this in mind, our expansion strategy has always been intentionally hyper-localized, as we believe that teams with in-depth local knowl- edge that share the GOJEK vision are instrumen- tal to our success. We always build our products to solve our users’ problems, and by working toward solving those problems, we build out adjacent services and offer better value. Every service you see on our app today is a response to a specific customer or market need, and we will continue to do that moving forward.

What are the main challenges for GOJEK on expanding its market to a regional level?

Southeast Asia is one of the most diverse re- gions globally. Countries speak different lan- guages, have distinct cultural histories, and represent almost 600M people with different socio-economic backgrounds. There is no one- size-fits-all plan.

One strategy so far has been to figure out all the changes that need to be made to build a new

app for each country. Singapore, for example, is a unique and important market for us. As a highly-developed country, it comprises of users who are very acquainted with ride-hailing, are tech-savvy, and have high standards. It has led us to constantly up our game as we build a prod- uct that meets those high expectations.

Our progress so far has massively exceeded our expectations. This validates our initial hypoth- esis that customers want choice and that we have been able to differentiate ourselves quick- ly based on our ability to deliver choice, with quality and efficiency. Our speed to market, brand recognition, and how fast we have been able to establish significant market share has shown that customers trust us and see value in our service offering.

We believe that the opportunity in Indonesia and Southeast Asia is still huge and we have barely scratched the surface - both because of the population size as well as the headroom for further technological penetration across multi- ple verticals, particularly in food delivery, pay- ments, and financial services.

In your opinion, what is the future of fin- tech industries in ASEAN?

GOJEK sees great potential for fintech industries to thrive in ASEAN, simply from the exponential growth of GO-PAY - our digital payments plat- form. Processing about 50% of all transactions made on the GOJEK platform, GO-PAY is the market leader in digital payment services in In- donesia.

Boosting financial inclusion is vital if we are to accelerate economic growth and shared pros- perity. For this to be made a reality, the re- gion’s huge unbanked population needs to be brought into the financial system to enjoy its benefits. GO-PAY is key to this, acting as a bridge that connects our users, drivers, merchants, and partners, to the banks and financial institutions we partner with.

This is just the beginning. With cash still pre- dominant and about half the adult population in the region unbanked, there is a significant opportunity for fintech to enable more people financially.

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Empowering Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in ASEAN

M

icro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in ASE- AN greatly contributed to the economies in the re- gion. Through the ASEAN Coordinating Committee on Mi- cro, Small and Medium Enterprises (ACCMSME), ASEAN notes the importance of MSMEs and enhances the further growth of MSMEs in the region. ACCMSME with several

partners work to address challenges and re- alize the vision of globally competitive and innovative MSMEs under the Strategic Ac- tion Plan for SME Development 2016-2025.

One of the focuses of ACCMSME is the dig- ital integration of MSMEs. There were 120 representatives of ACCMSME, business reg- istration agencies, and private agencies that attended a policy dialogue on the formaliza- tion of microenterprises in Bangkok, Thai- land on 25 June 2019. There were several issues discussed in the meeting including the registration of informal sector business through provision of incentives as well as law enforcement; and the digita- lization of business registration. The Chair of ACCMSME, Destry Anna Sari noted that “given the right ecosystem, support, policies, and regulatory environment, the micro- enterprises could have the same opportunities to achieve success as their larger-sized counterparts.” The dialogue was held to give input to develop the Policy Guideline on the Digitalization of ASEAN Micro Enterprises.

Spotlight

34

th

ASEAN Summit

A

SEAN countries’ leaders and delegates convened for the 34th ASEAN Summit hosted by Thailand in Bang- kok on 22-23 June 2019. The Summit was held under the theme “Advancing Partnerships for Sustainability” under the chairmanship of Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha of Thailand since Thailand holds the rotating chair of ASEAN this year. In his opening remarks, PM Prayut Chan-o-cha said that “ASEAN was now a peaceful region” and noted that “a strong and united ASEAN was the main factor to ensuring stability and development in the region.” At the opening ceremony, ASEAN leaders also launched the ASEAN satel- lite warehouse in Chai Nat Province of Thailand under the Disaster Emergency Logistics System for ASEAN. Also, there were several sub-meetings being held within the 34th ASEAN Summit including ASEAN Senior Officials’ Meeting (ASEAN SOM), ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Retreat (AMM), Special ASEAN Economic Ministers’ Meeting on RCEP, ASEAN Po- litical-Security Community (APSC) Council Meeting, ASEAN Coordinating Council (ACC), BIMP-EAGA Summit, and IMT- GT Summit.

At the 34th ASEAN Summit, several statements were made on various topics including local marine debris prevention, technology for sustainable growth and promoting co-oper- ating in the face of rising regional powers. One of the no- table outputs during the Summit was the adoption of the Indo-Pacific concept. The leaders of ASEAN finally agreed to formally adopt the Indo-Pacific concept through ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific, despite the initial reluctance of some member countries to adopt it. The outlook envisages

the Indo-Pacific as a region that is: closely integrated and interconnected, with ASEAN playing a central and strategic role; shaped by dialogue and cooperation instead of rivalry;

built upon the principle of development and prosperity for all; continuing to evolve, with the maritime domain playing an important role in that evolution. Through this outlook, ASEAN leaders hope to build ‘strategic trust and win-win co- operation in the region’ by emphasizing ASEAN’s centrality to the region.

During the Summit, several other agreements were also made. The Summit adopted the ASEAN Leaders’ Vision Statement on Partnership for Sustainability, the ASEAN Leaders’ Statement on the ASEAN Cultural Year 2019, and the Bangkok Declaration on fighting maritime waste in the region. On the economic front, ASEAN leaders agreed to further promote intra-bloc trade and foster the digital econ- omy. The leaders also agreed to conclude negotiations over the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) this year.

photo/asean2019.go.th

photo/asean2019.go.th

photo/asean.org

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Book Review

T

he world is said to be witnessing the downfall of the non-zero-sum logic in international political economy. As the multilateralism approach earns more scrutiny from the current US administration, the superpower is showing its reluctance to lead multiple in- ternational fora. No longer seen as its pivot, Asia Pacific is perceived to have less significance in Trump’s diplo- macy strategy, with the US’s decision to withdraw from TPP and Trump’s lack of interest in ASEAN. Put against today’s context, Peter Petri and Michael Plummer’s work serves as a reminder that the economy is not zero-sum, even more so for US-ASEAN relations.

Petri and Plummer inquired whether the US would be able to engage more with ASEAN while sup- porting the region’s pursuance for centrality. Drawing their conclusion from several quantitative studies on trade policies, the authors agreed that putting forward ASEAN Centrality would bring mutual benefits in ASE- AN-US’s deepening engagement. ASEAN Centrality, in this case, was viewed to have a double-arching defini- tion.

The concept of centrality encompasses both the need for intraregional integration and extra-regional engage- ment, in which ASEAN takes the role as ‘the driving force.’ With such definition in mind, ASEAN Centrality was expected to bring about greater convergence in the decision-making process among ASEAN members by bridging their differing policies with external partners and having a more consolidated ASEAN would also com- plement external partners’ interests, especially the US. I believe that this definition and its implications still stand firm today, amidst criticism against the region’s lack of reform and slow-paced integration process.

However, despite its conceptually sound significance, ASEAN Centrality faced great challenges to materialize.

While having to improve its integration to put forward

common policies, the institution also needed to engage with external actors simultaneously. Overcoming such challenge was found to be economically lucrative for ASEAN, which could be achieved by combining liberal- ization and compensation measures to prepare ASEAN member countries into partaking in high-quality trade arrangements.

Both authors called for a US policy that would encourage countries with strong economic capability to take part in deep FTAs, which they termed as ‘deep track’ policy.

In this case, the US would need to push more ASEAN countries with relatively advanced economy to join TPP, while emphasizing the complementary nature of TPP and RCEP. These two arrangements, the authors argued, did not run contradictory to each other, as their analysis found that both could go hand in hand to provide more advantages for ASEAN and the US. At the same time, un- dertaking ‘broad track’ policies would also be needed to push other countries to prepare for more in-depth, higher quality FTAs by supporting ASEAN intraregional integration through less formal support in a wide range of areas, such as political, economic, cultural, and scien- tific.

Petri and Plummer’s work stands out among others, with its in-depth examination on the profitability of deeper trade engagement between ASEAN and the US, in which ASEAN takes the central role. By delving into what cen- trality could mean for ASEAN and their partners, the au- thors were able to provide realistic suggestions on how to maximize the profitability of such an arrangement.

Today, their analysis on ASEAN Centrality could serve as a basis in looking into ASEAN’s supposedly central posi- tion in the US’s Indo-Pacific strategy. Through their work, I conclude that Petri and Plummer reminded us that a truly mutually beneficial trade arrangement requires all actors to assume that it is possible to make everyone win. The conclusion is a food for thought which seeming- ly becomes more important amidst today’s skepticism on global trade and the US’s decreasing commitment in ASEAN.

Book Title :ASEAN Centrality and the ASEAN-US Eco- nomic Relationship

author:

Peter a. Petri (Author), Michael G. Plummer (Author) Publisher : East-West Center

Year : 2014

ISBN : 978-0-86638-246-5

Author

Mabda Haerunnisa Fajrilla Sidiq

ASEAN Centrality, Then and Now:

An Optimistic View on ASEAN-US Trade Cooperation

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Opinion

Major Takeaways from the 34 th ASEAN Summit

C

ontrary to armchair skeptics, the recent 34th ASEAN Summit in Thailand exceeded expec- tations. Defying the criticism of all bark and no bite, the main takeaways illustrated that the glass should be viewed as half full than half empty after this biannual meeting of ASEAN leaders.

The focus on regionalism as a strategic blueprint for ASEAN to preserve and advance the interests and manage the complexities of Southeast Asia was a dominant feature of this two-day event.

The summit reiterated the 3 ‘s’ – stability, security, and sustainability – as a critical framework for keep- ing the Southeast Asian region intact. Consonant with the theme of the summit, ‘Advancing Part- nership for Sustainability,’ the meeting focused on enhancing regional cooperation to sustain existing initiatives and explore fresh, sustainable ones to pre- serve and promote regional sustainability for both the current and future generations of people domi- ciled in Southeast Asia.

The most tangible takeaway from this summit is ASEAN coming up with its own collective vision for the Indo-Pacific region. As the crafting of ASEAN’s common position on the Indo-Pacific has long been in the pipeline, being delayed due to differing views among ASEAN countries, the ‘ASEAN outlook on the Indo-Pacific’ constitutes a crowning achievement of the 34th ASEAN summit.

Coming to an agreement vis-à-vis the Indo-Pacific suggests that traditional norms of musyawarah (con- sultation) and mufakat (consensus) are still germane to ASEAN’s decision-making apparatus.

However, conversely, as a result, ASEAN’s collective vision vis-à-vis the Indo-Pacific became more of a prosaic and mundane document that acts mainly as a guiding framework for formulating regional policy – one that is rule-based, inclusive, and fosters stra- tegic trust and cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. It has been drafted in a way that no country can reason- ably dispute the ASEAN position.

Indonesia’s leadership was imperative in ASEAN coming up with its position on the Indo-Pacific which appears to accentuate both a geopolitical and geo-economic dimension. The Indo-Pacific is central to the thinking of policymakers in Jakarta as Indone- sia’s President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) is determined to transform archipelagic Indonesia into a maritime fulcrum between the Indian and Pacific oceans. In- donesia’s penchant for closer maritime cooperation in the Indo-Pacific has led to a maritime partnership forged with India under Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

For a long time, ASEAN has been exhorting Indonesia to provide regional leadership amidst the geopoliti- cal rivalry of external powers and their interactions with Southeast Asia. The 34th ASEAN summit could, therefore, be a healthy start for Indonesia to play a more active leadership role to scale ASEAN to great- er heights, preserving its importance in regional and international affairs.

One of the salient features of summitries is the prac- tice of sideline diplomacy. Here, leaders of countries involved in a multilateral summit conduct face-to- face bilateral discussions on the sidelines of summit- ry, often to resolve an existing conflict between two or more countries.

photo/asean2019.go.th

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In a similar vein, Singapore’s Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong met his counterparts from Vietnam and Cambodia on the side-lines of the 34th ASEAN sum- mit to soothe bilateral relations in the wake of an intense disagreement over his remarks on the 1978 Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia.

The constructive step taken by PM Lee dovetails with the ASEAN way of resolving conflict within South- east Asia peacefully through diplomatic means. This is in line with the longstanding code of conduct en- shrined in the Treaty of Amity & Cooperation (TAC) which governs interstate relations in Southeast Asia.

The importance of TAC to regional stability was un- derscored at this summit through the Chairman’s statement as a cornerstone of ASEAN’s political-se- curity community.

On the economic front incongruent with ASEAN’s economic community, ASEAN leaders indicated their resolve to conclude negotiations on the Region- al Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) by the end of 2019. RCEP has taken on greater urgency amid growing uncertainties arising from the trade tension between two of ASEAN’s key external part- ners, China and the United States.

Bringing RCEP into fruition – with ASEAN in the driv- ing seat – could help Southeast Asian countries cap- italize on economic interconnectedness to engender strategic composure and ease political tension with- in the region against the backdrop of a heightened US-China trade spat.

Interlocking China into a mini-lateral arrangement such as the RCEP could also assist ASEAN as a re- gional collective to better manage China’s assertive behavior in Southeast Asia.

As regards China and other claimants in the South China Sea (SCS) dispute, there was renewed opti- mism and urgency at this summit to bring to com- pletion protracted negotiations in enacting a Code of Conduct (CoC). The CoC seeks to govern interstate behavior amid heightened tension in the disputed waters of the SCS. However, the jury is still out on when exactly the CoC will materialize.

The summit moved beyond traditional security, which is essentially threats to a state by also focus- ing on non-traditional security, which tends to be transboundary in nature. In fact, ASEAN should be credited as one of the few regional bodies that view

threats to non-traditional security seriously. At this summit, ASEAN leaders committed themselves to coordinate their efforts as a collective to curb ma- rine pollution which harms the region’s biodiverse ecosystem, and is a public health risk through the consumption of seafood which is popular with peo- ple of Southeast Asia.

Efforts undertaken to shed the image of ASEAN as an elite-driven organization by making it more peo- ple-centric and people-friendly were recognized at the summit. However, ASEAN leaders also acknowl- edge that more needs to be done to bring ASEAN closer to the regional citizenry, better educate them about the work ASEAN does, and internalize a pan-regional identity amongst Southeast Asians.

Hence, it is in the interest of ASEAN countries to prioritize people-to-people connectivity – chiefly youths, students, and tourists – which is a center- piece of ASEAN’s sociocultural community.

Though there were indeed notable shortcomings such as the paucity of progress on human rights in- cluding addressing the Rohingya issue and the lack of emphasis on rising domestic hard-line nationalist sentiments, the 34th ASEAN Summit produced more positive than negative outcomes.

Looking ahead, it is incumbent for all 10 ASEAN countries to continue working together in unison to preserve the centrality of ASEAN in Southeast Asian affairs amid the elastic and prismatic Indo-Pacific megaregional construct, and strengthen ASEAN uni- ty and cohesiveness against the global backdrop of profound disruption sparked by a discordant US-Chi- na trade relationship.

Far from ASEAN outliving its relevance, this summit underlined the primacy of regionalism to act as a necessary countervailence against the pernicious effects of nationalism and globalism.

With the 34th ASEAN Summit closing on a favorable note under Thailand’s able chairmanship, the next step is to translate regional commitments to practi- cal outcomes. What is thus required is encouraging spin-offs to deliberate over issues pinpointed at the summit, and acting on them accordingly through im- plementing policies and programs for the benefit of Southeast Asia.

Author

Dr. Mustafa Izzuddin

Research Fellow at the Institute of South Asian Studies (ISAS) and University Scholars Programme (USP) of the National University

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Opinion

Embracing Indo-Pacific and ASEAN Centrality

I

n the 34th ASEAN Summit in Bangkok, the 10 ASEAN leaders agreed to adopt the ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific. The decision for ASE- AN leaders to embrace the concept of Indo-Pa- cific shows the ASEAN flexibilities to the chang- ing nature of the strategic environment that is pressuring the region. Significantly, the outlook also asserts the centrality as a principle on how ASEAN contributes to the notion of regional se- curity architecture.

Uncertainty and tension of the US-China rivalry and the growing strategic discourse of the In- do-Pacific make ASEAN’s decision to embrace Indo-Pacific an important move, and it provides a clear picture for ASEAN in the Indo-Pacific fu- ture.

The ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific envi- sioned by ASEAN consists of four key elements:

(a) A perspective of viewing the Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean regions, not as contiguous territo- rial spaces but as a closely integrated and inter- connected region, with ASEAN playing a central and strategic role; (b) An Indo-Pacific region of dialogue and cooperation instead of rivalry; (c)

An Indo-Pacific region of development and pros- perity for all, and; (d) The importance of the maritime domain and perspective in the evolv- ing regional architecture.

ASEAN position is apparent by reaffirming of what ASEAN has constructively developed the only multilateral dialogue mechanism. ASEAN has given a significant contribution in the devel- opment of a soft regional security architecture in East Asia through the conduct of East Asia Summit (EAS), ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), the ASEAN Plus mechanism, which all contribute to peace and stability in the region.

Role to Balance

It seems of normative, but useful for regional stability. ASEAN’s position to reaffirm the impor- tance of rule-based in Indo-Pacific such as UN- CLOS. ASEAN centrality, inclusiveness, comple- mentarities, a rule-based order anchored upon international law, and commitment to advancing economic engagement in the region –are the strategic norms of ASEAN to maintain peace and stability, and to avoid the risk of the region to fall into a Thucydides Trap of great power rivalry.

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So far, ASEAN has been hesitant to deal with the Indo-Pacific debate openly. Until the last 33rd ASEAN Summit in Singapore started to address more openly and working to define its position in dynamic discourse of the Indo-Pacific.

If ASEAN does not properly manage the trends of Indo-Pacific security dynamics, it could devise its future. It will weaken the solidarity, unity, and ASEAN centrality. The Indo-Pacific strategic nar- rative created difficulties for ASEAN members to respond. However, ASEAN has experience in dealing with such a strategic dilemma –that it is not about a choice between the US (and its allies) or China.

It has actually become a new challenge for a more mature ASEAN to balance the role within the Indo-Pacific discourse. In this situation, ASE- AN is actually gaining its significance in promot- ing and building future regional peace security –ASEAN must become more relevant and take the lead in making a peaceful Indo-Pacific initia- tive via ASEAN wisdom and tradition.

Positioning ASEAN in Indo-Pacific

The term Indo-Pacific has developed from the merely scientific use of the vast maritime area from the Indian Ocean to the Western Pacific Ocean –but now, it is no longer a neutral term.

It has developed into a strategic terminology for a new strategic rivalry in East Asia, emerging of correlations of forces between China-U.S.

China’s rise pushes strategic panic for the exist- ing global power. An Indo-Pacific notion such as Quad emerged to contain China’s rise. Freedom of Navigation and Operation (FONOP), as well as Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) have its own

strategic rationale –ASEAN needs to continually pay attention carefully to the dynamics to avoid the possible risk of escalation.

In this situation, ASEAN has to play a role as an integrator of its members and play a role to develop norms and regime builder for broad- er regional security beyond its regional origin of Southeast Asia. On the other hand, major powers also need to respect the ASEAN role and initiative to create peace and security in the re- gion.

Therefore, ASEAN should be the fulcrum of the Indo-Pacific. It has been proven that the ASE- AN-led regional security architecture poses the ability to create an atmosphere of peace and se- curity in the region. Up until today, ASEAN con- tinues to function as a regime builder, norm-set- ter and rule makers to ensure the stability of the region.

To develop a peaceful and stable Indo-Pacific, it is important to foster a commitment to the existing norm of TAC, Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapons Free Zone (SEANWFZ), as a basis for future security architecture for countries in the region. All of ASEAN dialogue partners, mem- bers of ARF to EAS are signatories of the TAC to include China, Russia, and all members of the Quad. TAC and Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN) is basically the foundation for non-offensive defense, non-aggression / no- first-use of military force in the case of conflict that will serve as a basis for conflict resolution and managing security and stability in the In- do-Pacific.

Author

Riefqi Muna, Ph.D.

Researcher, ASEAN Research Group (ARG), Centre for Political Studies, Indonesian Institute of Science; and Guest Lecture, Dept.

International Relations, Universitas Indonesia.

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Korean Mission Updates

H

.E. Ambassador Lim Sungnam hosted the 1st and 2nd ASEAN Team Korea Forums in Jakarta (6.17) and Kuala Lumpur (6.27), respectively. Ambassador Lim, representatives of Korean business associations, and Korean entrepreneurs exchanged views on the New Southern Policy to enhance ASEAN-Korea rela- tions focusing on economic partnership. Ambassador Lim plans to continue to hold ASEAN Team Korea Fo- rums in other ASEAN countries and strengthen rela- tions with the private sector.

Mission of the Republic of Korea to ASEAN holds ASEAN Team Korea Forums

Ambassador Lim visits the AHA Centre

O

n 18 June, Ambassador Lim Sungnam visited the AHA Centre (ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Manage- ment) and had discussions on enhancing ASEAN-Ko- rea cooperation in disaster management with the Executive Director Adelina Kamal of AHA Centre.

They exchanged views on potential projects such as information sharing and human exchange and hoped that the 2019 ASEAN-ROK Commemorative Summit in November would be an opportunity to strengthen their cooperative relations.

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Call for Academic Essay

ASEAN-Korea Centre and ASEAN University Network (AUN) are holding the 2019 ASEAN-Ko- rea Academic Essay Contest.

The deadline for submitting a proposal is 1 September 2019.

Please refer to the ASEAN-Korea Centre website (http://www.aseankorea.org/eng) for more

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asean insights welcomes opinion piece and publication review from creative and talented international scholars and professionals. There will be incentive and interesting souvenirs for authors. For submission, please contact us at aseanstudiescenter@ui.ac.id

asean insights

The ASEAN Study Center Universitas Indo- nesia (ASC UI) is devoted to research and discussion on issues that pertain to the As- sociation of Southeast Asian Nations (ASE- AN) as an institution and a process. The Centre aims to provide inputs to ASEAN member states and ASEAN bodies on issues and events that call for collective ASEAN actions and responses, especially those pertinent to building the ASEAN Commu- nity. The ASC UI seeks to illuminate ways of promoting ASEAN’s purposes of political solidarity, economic integration and re- gional cooperation, and finding pragmatic solutions to the challenges on the path to achieving this.

Department of International Relations Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Universitas Indonesia Nusantara II Building, 2nd Floor Depok, West Java - Indonesia 16424 Tel/Fax: +62 21 7873744 email: aseanstudiescenter@ui.ac.id http://asc.fisip.ui.ac.id/?page_id=57 Mission of the Republic of Korea to ASEAN

Sentral Senayan II, 23F. JL. Asia Afrika No.8, Gelora Bung Karno Jakarta - Indonesia 10270 Tel : +62 21 5795 1830 http://overseas.mofa.go.kr/asean-en/index.do

The Mission of the Republic of Korea to ASEAN

In 2012, the Korean Government es- tablished the Mission of the Republic of Korea (ROK) to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in Ja- karta, where the ASEAN Secretariat is located. As a dialogue partner, the Ko- rean Government is fully committed to bolstering its contributions to the inte- gration process of ASEAN. The Mission of the Republic of Korea to ASEAN will strive to further strengthen and deep- en the multifaceted development co- operation between Korea and ASEAN in all possible fields, including politics, economy, society and culture.

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