SPACE & ENVIRONMENT is primarily intended to help foreign experts and pro- fessionals in relevant fields understand overall present situations of spatial plan- ning and policy of Korea, and published quarterly by KRIHS.
KRIHS is a government-sponsored research institute founded in 1978 to carry out research on territorial planning and poli- cies of Korea.
Establishing a Comprehensive 1 Housing Support Service System Support for “Government 3.0” 5 Paradigm Utilizing KOPSS
Issue & Trend 9
In-Depth Look 11
Global Partnership 13
News & Announcements 17
Background
M
ain housing-related issues in modern welfare states are the expansion of ownership and the accompanied risks, stagnation and vacancy of public rental houses, and expansion of the concept of housing. Among them, expansion of the concept of housing includes the wider basic concept of security and independence as well as the supply of residence. It aims to strengthen positive aspects of the recent social welfare strategy of emphasizing individual responsibilities and asset accumulation through housing in modern welfare states, overcoming side-effects of them.Current housing support programs of Korea can be summarized as housing supply through public rental or public tract housing, mortgage support or housing allowance and support for home improvement. These programs, however, are focused on physical aspects of housing. There is lack of consideration in other aspects that provide services for stable and independent living in a community based on a house. Also in the field of social welfare there are few issues and concerns related to residential needs in spite of increasing importance of housing according to emphasis on community-centered independence of households.
Therefore, it is necessary to complement existing social services and specify the content and targets of housing support service systems so that those who need help in housing issues including the socially vulnerable class can improve their quality of life through stable and independent living in a community with their housing. It is also required to build a system to promote support services.
This study aims to provide a plan for encouraging housing support service systems that can increase the effect of current housing policies on housing stability, and strengthening independence, and integration of communities.
Kim Hye-sung, Research Fellow
Status and definition of housing support services
The broad concept of housing support services includes the overall parts of existing housing support programs (supply of public rental houses, support for mortgage loan, etc.) and it is belonged to a broad concept of social service that comprises overall social policies. A narrow sense of housing support services focusing on soft services does not include existing housing support programs. In the aspect that housing support services in a narrow sense provide information and support search/
settlement/maintenance activities of housing through consultation, however, they have indirect relation with existing housing support programs. In addition, as a narrow sense of housing support services comprises a unique realm that is different from a narrow sense of social services (social welfare services), it is required to distinguish the two concepts, though some of them are duplicated in that both services have the same purpose to support social classes who need help (including the
socially vulnerable class) for their independent living in a community, and that the two services should take the role of mutual complementation with each other. Therefore, this study sets the narrow sense of Housing Support Service (HSS) shown in a box filled with slash lines in Figure 1 as the scope of HSS for this study. This study defines the narrow sense of HSS as “a soft service (human service) for community residents who have housing problems (including the socially vulnerable class) to secure and maintain a proper house so that they can enjoy independent living in their community”.
Plan to build a housing support service system
Based on the analysis results1)on the suppliers and users of HSS of Korea, and the foreign cases2) of HSS, this study draws the following conclusions:
Content of housing support services
This study defines HSS as a “soft service (human service) required for community residents including the vulnerable class to live an independent life in a community by securing and maintaining proper housing.” The HSS can be summarized in three categories:
The first category is the service to provide information and consulting services to support a stable and independent life in a physical space of a house, and support search, settlement, and maintenance of residence.
The second category is the service to prevent residents from losing their residence and thus falling into a risky situation, and to teach them daily living skills to live an independent life. It is the service to cope with the absence of general social service.
The third category is the service to link the employment, welfare, and public health services in order to encourage self-supporting activities in a community which is residence-oriented.
1) In order to grasp supply facts of HSS in Korea, this study analyzes nine cases in public and private sectors. Among the cases, this study conducts a survey on five cases providing relatively active services (that is, housing welfare consultants of Seoul City Office, Home Doctor program of Korea Housing Management, Housing Welfare Center which is support business of Community Chest of Korea, Harlem Consulting Office, and Homeless Consulting and Support Center) and finds out the status of the housing support service users.
2) This study reviews the UK’s Supporting People Program of the government and activities of Shelter, a non-profit organization. As for the USA, this study reviews various housing support services provided by Public Housing Agency (PHA) and private sectors, HSS for vulnerable classes such as seniors, the disabled, homeless, etc., and low-income class support programs related to housing support. Also, this study reviews Germany’s HSS programs of municipal governments and non-profit organizations, and support systems in apartment housing communities.
Figure 1: Status of housing support service
The specific service items according to the three categories are shown in Table 1.
Among them, the service in the first category that provides assistance for search, settlement, and maintenance of housing and residency in a community is the key service in HSS. Independent life support service and other support linkage services in the 2nd and 3rd categories may be duplicated with other functions provided by social service institutions; they are auxiliary services to
cope with the absence of related services.
Supply system for housing support services
First, in order to build a supply system for housing support services to which all community residents can easily access, it is desirable to establish an organization (tentative name: “Housing Support Service Center”) based on housing-specialized expertise under a municipal government entity.
Table 1: The service items according to major categories of housing support services
Major category Service Items
Key services
Service to help search, settlement,
and maintenance of housing and
residency in a community
Consulting with the homeless and providing temporary residence to them Providing public rental housing information and application procedures Support for searching low-price private rental houses
Providing rental subsidy information and application procedures Assistance for contracting and maintaining tenancy
Consulting to cope with housing problems
Support for purchase and securing essential furniture and supplies
Providing information on connecting electricity and water facilities, related costs and application procedures
Support for maintenance and repair of housing Safety-check for house
Consulting of home improvement and repair Consulting of problem of the conflicts with neighbors Supporting participation in community activities Supporting relocation among public rental houses Supporting search of houses to buy
Providing information for purchasing/building own houses and precautions in signing a contract
Auxiliary services
Service to support independent
life
Supporting laundry, purchasing and using toiletry articles, bathing, and wearing clothes suitable to weather
Supporting purchase of food, cooking, and having meals
Giving assistance to using public transportation, and abiding by traffic signals Supporting education of financial management
Connecting with asset-building programs Emotional support and consulting Supporting health management
Service to connect with various supports
such as medical, employment,
and public aids
Administrative support for applications to various allowances, registration for residents, registration for the disabled, etc.
Connecting with medical support such as various examinations and treatments Connecting with employment support such as job interviews, etc.
Connecting with children care and educational support Connecting with use of social welfare facilities Connecting with psychological public health service Connecting with restoration of credibility
Second, the service supply entity, whether it is a public organization or a private non-profit organization, should provide demander-oriented HSS.
When a service providing institution contacts a demander (whether it finds them directly or contacts via phone, visit, or introduction by others), the institution should undertake the case, assess the circumstances of the demander, and judge if he/she wants simple consulting or information or requires home visiting services. If the demander needs visiting services, the institution should visit the demander, if necessary, establish the service plan to solve his/her needs, and provide direct or linkage service to the demander. After providing the service, through assessment and follow-up management regarding whether the needs of the demander are resolved or not, the service will be closed if the needs are resolved. If the needs are still not resolved, then the demander will be linked with other systems to get integrated case management from the City/District (Gu)/County (Gun) Government.
Third, the competence and capability of public and private non-profit housing sectors under the regional government should be utilized as they are accumulating the related experiences in the region.
On top of that, the government should increase the
number of housing-related experts in the community and reinforce their competence. For this purpose, the government should find a way to attract experts having related experiences in public and private housing sectors to actively participate in the
“Housing Support Service Center”. In the long run, the government can review the plans to operate a program to train housing experts mainly in the Housing Support Service Center to conduct professional programs in undergraduate courses and to institutionalize housing expert manpower systems on the national level.
Fourth, the service supply system should be the one that can fully utilize existing regional resources in public and private sectors. The tentative-named Housing Support Service Center should provide direct or linkage service to various subjects of public and private sectors in the region through close networking so that the service users can resolve their housing needs and other needs on a timely basis.
Lastly, for the expanded introduction of housing support service, financing should be actively provided. For this purpose, the central government should provide a plan for stable financial resources such as providing special accounts for housing support service or establishing a separate fund. In the Figure 2: The housing support service supply system
short run, there is high possibility that the affiliated staff can conduct the housing support service job along with other jobs. In the long run, however, exclusive manpower and organizations will be needed. It is desirable that the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT) be in charge of securing manpower and financial resources for the central government rather than the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Since being in-charge of planning, proposing, and executing housing policies is the main
job of MLIT, it is desirable for MLIT to also be in charge of offering and managing housing support services, which is the soft service that is specialized in housing.
The findings above can be summarized in Figure 2.
Kim Hye-sung (hsungkim@krihs.re.kr)
Spatial information and Government 3.0
T
he Korean government is pursuing a customized policy of information sharing and opening, and participation and cooperation based on the keynote policy of “Government 3.0”. To the present, the Korean government has actively promoted the Electronic Government Project and was ranked 1st place in the UN electronic government assessment in 2012. The Korean government also has kept promoting the National Geographic Information Systems (NGIS) Project since 1995 and has built various spatial maps including topographical maps, cadastral maps, and thematic maps for urban planning. Using diverse media including the Internet and smart phones, the government has also innovated services for people based on maps. Nonetheless, it is regarded that there is still a lack of creation of creative economy through sharing and opening of information, and promotion for transparent and reasonable public policies through participation and cooperation. The core goal of the new government is to make the people happy through customized policies by adding big data and spatial information to an existing electronic government system.One of the core factors of Government 3.0 is the scientific and transparent decision making through participation and cooperation. In particular, it is very important to systematically manage and plan land and infrastructure, which are the basis of housing and economic activities. The Korean
government had to pay a huge social cost due to the political objections of the people when the government promoted the Saemangeum Development Project, the New Airport Development Project for South-Eastern Zone, and the Navy Base Construction Project in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. The main reason of the conflicts was the absence of information and communication. In addition, a landslide caused by heavy rain slammed onto the nearby residential areas, which led to casualties, loss and damage in properties. They were the disasters due to the lack of scientific land suitability analysis.
In order to solve those problems, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport has developed KOPSS since 2006. KOPSS is an acronym of the KOrea Planning Support System and it is a decision making support system developed by applying various spatial analysis methods based on the Geographic Information System (GIS). It is a tool to analyze and provide the information required for regional planning, land-use planning, urban regeneration planning, urban infrastructure planning, and landscape planning. That is, the ultimate goal of KOPSS is to promote large-sized development projects of government in an objective and transparent way and support the embodiment of Government 3.0. Utilization of KOPSS has been expanded to local governments since 2012. It has been applied in various fields. This study takes some of the cases as examples.
Support for “Government 3.0” Paradigm Utilizing KOPSS
Kim Dae-jong, Director of the Center for National Territorial Policy Simulation
Establishing a comprehensive plan on the special zone for the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics
As Korea was selected as a host country for the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, Korea established a comprehensive plan for successfully hosting the event and the national and regional development accordingly (December 2012). The comprehensive plan includes the designation of a special zone for the Winter Olympics that comprises Gangneung City, Pyeongchang-gun (county) and Jeongseon-gun (county) in Gangwon Province and the research to draw up development plans. In the process of reviewing designation criteria and scope for the special zone, the Land-Use Planning Support Model (LUPSUM) of KOPSS was utilized.
The initial special zone candidates were selected according to the designation criteria of land, building, facilities, land use regulations, and development potential, which were set by the purpose of the special zone. The final special zone candidates were then selected in consideration of
location appropriateness and land compensation cost. Major methodologies that were applied in finding a place included an overlay, the multi- criteria evaluation, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) of GIS. LUPSUM was useful in drawing in special zone candidates effectively by reviewing diverse regional purpose zones and natural and human environments.
Figure 1 is the process to search the candidate places according to the designation purpose of the special zone. LUPSUM was useful in finding out the possible areas for the special zone in an accurate and rapid way and presenting the reasons. In particular, as the scope of the special zone is a very sensitive issue that can have an influence on personal properties of residents, LUPSUM was effectively utilized in the opening and explanation of the background and process of the designation on the map. Furthermore, since the application of weights (preference) of the stakeholders and involvement of their opinions in policy regarding the location criteria has great influence on designation, it is very important to use LUPSUM
Designation purpose of the special zone
Reviewing relevant regulations on land use
10 laws on land protection-related regulation and 90 regions excluded
1 stage
3 stage
2 stage
Searching candidate places and comparison analysis on the characteristics of each place
Reviewing the possible land for develop- ment according to basic urban plan
Reviewing the sites distributed over three cities and three counties
Examining and reviewing designation regulations for the special zone in special acts and criteria
Accessibility to event facilities Level of industrial accumulation Level of cultural and tourism resources accumulation
Conditions for a settlement environment Securing infrastructure Investigation by experts (calculating and applying weights)
Searching candidate places
Consulting with related organizations Advisory consulting from experts Field study, etc.
Searching for the special zone candidates
4 stage
Setting the size and boundary for the special zone
Establishing plans for each section District 1
District 2
District 3 District 4 District 5
st nd
rd th
Figure 1: Process to define special zone candidates for the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics using LUPSUM
for cooperative decision making in regard to explaining procedures and criteria.
Selection of urban renewal districts by the Daegu City Government
The urban renewal project has direct influence on the life of the residents in the community by improving the residential environment and infrastructure of the area. It also has a lot of conflict factors due to the participation of various stakeholders such as project implementers and the local government. For this kind of project, the target areas should be selected based on objective analysis through scientific methods, which are opened to the public transparently. By doing so, it will bring out an understanding from the residents and prevent the conflict factors in advance. The Urban Regeneration Planning Support Model (URPSUM) of KOPSS combines spatial data such as on construction structures, road, etc., with administrative data such as population, and thus generates maps. By utilizing a spatial analysis method in finding the proper districts for the projects with the maps produced in that way, URPSUM presents more objective and scientific reasons to the residents to get more understanding and agreement from them.
Local governments select renewal promotion
districts pursuant to the Special Act on the Promotion of Urban Renewal. They start a project by applying a district to be designated for renewal.
In order to select the target districts for renewal, normally the government requests an agent company (engineering company) to conduct investigation on housing deterioration, the ratio of housings contacting with roads, the ratio of the land of which the size is below the minimum standard, etc. In the process of the investigation, however, the agent company did not present the objective background on the analysis results properly as they calculated the ratios manually in the past. In addition, a lot of time and cost were spent in investigating and analyzing the data during that process. This process is shown in Figure 2.
The Daegu City government integrated the existing data that they possessed on construction registers (to grasp housing deterioration), land registration, roads, zoning, land characteristics (land purpose, land price, etc.) with the geospatial data and produced each criterion map indicating housing deterioration, dwelling unit density, ratio contacting roads, and ratio having land below the minimum standard size, respectively, and conducted an overlay analysis on them. By doing so, it drew candidate districts that matched the requirements to be target districts for renewal (according to the regulations of
Figure 2: The analysis process for identifying urban regeneration area
Investigation on status by districts Investigation on dwelling unit density Investigation on the ratio of the land of which the size is below the minimum standard
Investigation on housing
deterioration ratio Analysis on candidate districts Producing maps on current facts and reports
local government). The districts selected in that way can be promoted for renewal projects after they are passed through the deliberation process.
Review of the Urban Planning Committee by the Daejeon City Government
The Daejeon City government has been producing the synergy effect by utilizing three-dimensional landscape simulation model when reviewing the plans submitted to the Urban Planning Committee.
The party who submitted the urban plan to the review committee should provide the data in the standard format suggested by the Daejeon City government. The Daejeon City government then downloads the data and demonstrates the three- dimensional landscape simulation directly in the reviewing process.
In the past, it was general to submit only one single plan, which was selected at the final stage after reviewing several alternatives, to the Urban Planning and Architectural Committee. In that sense, if the review committee decided to review again, they had to repeat similar processes for the final decision. After using three-dimensional landscape simulation, however, three to four alternatives along with each of three-dimensional landscape simulation results should be submitted
mandatorily, which enables the selection of the best plan among them.
What’s more, in the past, the applicant submitted the three-dimensional landscape simulation result that was produced through aerial view (seen from the advantageous angle of the applicant) which was attached to the documents. Therefore, the examiners had to form a judgment on the target district based on the limited data. After the application of the three-dimensional landscape simulation system, however, they could review the candidates by selecting the perspectives and target spots at ease.
This process is shown Figure 3.
Through the utilization of such three-dimensional landscape simulations, the Daejeon City government gets economic and increasing operational effect of the review committee at the same time. The applicant can reduce time and cost for re-review. As for the administrative staff, they can reduce the time to operate the committee. In addition, they can create adequate review from the multiple perspectives on the plans presented and review characteristics of each alternative, which enables more professional and intense review process.
Kim Dae-jong (djkim@krihs.re.kr) Figure 3: The review process for urban planning
The Alternative Plan 1 The Alternative Plan 2 The Alternative Plan 3 The Alternative Plan 4
Sight surface analysis on the final selected plan Broad sectional analysis on the final selected plan (skyline)
R
ecently, natural disaster has frequently occurred due to the influence of climate change. In the case of natural disaster in Korea, it is far beyond the global trend of climate change; various natural disasters such as heavy rainfall and heat waves have frequently occurred. Especially urban areas are highly vulnerable to natural disasters such as heavy rainfall and heat waves due to the high percentage of impervious areas and much underground utilization.Furthermore, as urban areas are expanding, the developing of areas such as lowlands near rivers and steep slope lands, which are typically vulnerable to heavy rainfall, has been accelerated. As population and industries are concentrated in urban areas, direct damage to urban areas due to natural disasters can produce subsequent damages, which ultimately may bring significant impact. Therefore, it is critically important to build safe cities against natural disasters led by climate change such as heavy rainfall or heat waves.
How to respond to heavy rainfall disasters in cities
Locally intense sudden and heavy rainfalls have frequently occurred due to climate change, and they cause a lot of damage to urban areas in recent times.
The landslide accident in Mt. Woomyun in 2011 and the flood of the Gangnam downtown area are the representative heavy rainfall disasters caused by climate change. The design criteria for disaster prevention facilities are made in accordance with historical rainfall data. However rainfall pattern changes due to climate change, raising the vulnerability of heavy rainfall disasters. In 2011, the National Emergency Management Agency announced the ‘Guidelines for Disaster Prevention Performance by Region’ and advised to reestablish the design
criteria for the disaster prevention capacity by region in consideration of characteristics of rainfall events, which have increased due to the influence of climate change. It is assumed, however, that too much budget and time are required to upgrade and reestablish the design criteria for the disaster prevention capacity. Furthermore, there are lots of restrictions in forecasting a future climate change having high uncertainty and reestablishing the design criteria for disaster prevention capacity.
The traditional concept of disaster prevention against heavy rainfall is to collect rainwater promptly and discharge it to the river. When surface runoff, however, is quickly flown to the river due to an upgraded design criterion for the disaster prevention capacity, there is a high possibility of the occurrence of a more serious disaster such as river flooding. In consideration of this, the concept of an urban disaster prevention has been changed from quick drainage to the retention and detention of the surface runoff. As surface runoff is retained in place by using the functions of Low Impact Development (LID) Practices, infiltration, evaporation, and detention, it reduces the burden on typical disaster prevention facilities such as sewer and drainage systems and rivers.
Asan New Town City was designed to be equipped with a decentralized rainwater treatment system for the first time in Korea, and the system is currently under construction. It is 1.7 million m2 (2,900 acre) and will be completed by 2016. The LID Practices such as infiltration trenches, gutter- type infiltration facilities, vegetated waterway, urban artificial wetlands, and rain water storages will be used to delay and slow down the surface runoff time in the city as much as possible. In order to react to heavy rainfall disasters due to climate change that is highly unpredictable, it is essential to
I I SSUE & TREND
Urban Disaster Prevention Preparing for Climate Change Disaster:
Heavy Rainfalls and Heat Waves
Han Woo-suk, Associate Research Fellow and Wang Kwang-ik, Associate Research Fellow
upgrade the existing design criteria for the disaster prevention capacity and build safe urban cities against heavy rainfall by utilizing the decentralized rainwater treatment system when building a new town or remodeling old towns.
How to respond to heat wave disasters in cities
It has been observed that the average temperature is sharply increasing due to climate change since industrialization. In recent times, artificial factors have been noted in climate change. The average increase ratio of domestic temperature is 1.7 over the last 98 years (1912~2008) and it is higher than that of the global average increase (0.74 0.03).
Due to the sharp increase of temperature, heavy rains and heat waves occur frequently, and this causes damage to human life and properties.
Especially, in 2012, special warning on a heat wave was given to Gyungnam area such as Milyang and Hapcheon for 19 days, the longest heat wave period in history. Also, the highest daytime temperature in the Seoul area during August rose suddenly to 36.7 which broke the record from the past 18 years.
As for the damages due to heat waves, it shows that the total number of deaths, excluding those by vehicle accidents, increased by 72.9% during July 22 ~ 29, 1994 when the daily average temperature was over 30 , in comparison with the same period during 1991 ~ 1993.
Heat waves due to climate change are especially dangerous for the vulnerable class: the aged, children, the handicapped, and those who are living in an inferior living environment such as a high density and a non air conditioned area.
The biological feature and economic ability work significantly in the energy-related climate change such as a heat wave. Therefore, it is urgent to establish policies that consider various features such as natural environment and human and social environment of the relevant region. Furthermore, when planning policies, the ratio of greenbelt, status on land use, the deterioration degree and the type of buildings, economy, energy environment, education, and the social capital should be taken into account in accordance with the features of community, which is vulnerable to climate change and the level of vulnerability to climate disclosure. Most of all, it is required to provide countermeasures from the aspect of urban space.
Urban countermeasures to climate change
In Korea, urgent countermeasure policies have already being applied in the areas of heavy rain disasters. Relevant government departments established the direction for policies and have promoted them. Except for the areas having high amounts of heavy rainfall, however, there is still insufficient planning or implementation of the policies against climate change.
For the future climate change policies, it is necessary to establish a plan on an extensive and comprehensive level, based on the elaborated prediction of the vulnerability of regions to climate change, through accurate scientific analysis according to segmented living zones.
Han Woo-suk (wshan@krihs.re.kr) Wang Kwang-ik (kiwang@krihs.re.kr) Figure 1: Drawing of the Decentralized Rainwater Treatment Facility in Asan New Town
Section Infiltration trenches Gutter-type infiltration facility
Vegetated waterway
Urban artificial
wetland Rainwater storage
Diagram
Crushed stones (Green belt) 1,200
(Drinking fountains) 1,000
1,000 2,000
Perforated pipes ø200mm
Penetration Flowing-in Flowing-out
2,000
400 800200
400
Water treatment capacity
Fabric filter Culvert-type perforated pipes(ø200)
Permeable soil with pebbles and gravels Inlet
Outlet
Outlet
Installed place
Parks, green buffer zone
L-form gutter-type facilities on road
Parks, green buffer zone
Planting belt on
road Inside a park
Function
Infiltration facilities (evaporation,
infiltration)
Infiltration facilities (infiltration)
Vegetated type facilities (evaporation,
infiltration)
Artificial wetland (evaporation,
infiltration)
Rainwater and sewage storage facility (rainwater
and sewage)
Establishment background of the GDPC
K
orea took the leading role in suggesting a development agenda and attracting an agreement among the participants for economic development of developing countries in the G-20 Summit Talks held in Seoul in 2010. In addition, being a member of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD in 2009, Korea is now a donor country that provides aid to other countries.Although Korea has received aid from other countries in the past, the roles have now been switched.
In the meantime, the demands of developing countries to learn Korea’s economic development experiences and development models have increased rapidly. In particular, there was a huge increase in demand for sharing Korea’s experiences and knowledge on national territorial and regional development, urban development, and construction of infrastructure.
Establishment purpose of the GDPC
The Korean government had discussions regarding the issue to establish a separate center dedicated to educational training and development consulting for public officials of developing countries under the KRIHS, which conducts research of governmental policies and strategies on urban and infrastructural development. As a result, the Global Development Partnership Center (GDPC) was established in the KRIHS at the end of 2010.
The KRIHS was established by the government in 1978 when Korea committed full scale to economic development. It has greatly contributed to economic development of the nation through the research and planning of national policies such as national territorial and land development, urban
development, infrastructure development, and housing construction. The purpose of the GDPC lies in the support of economic development of developing countries by contributing to a balanced development of international society with the knowledge and experiences of Korea that has accumulated over the past 36 years.
Major businesses of the GDPC
The GDPC conducts the following businesses:
First is to provide educational training; to deliver experiences and knowledge of Korea, which has been accumulated through national territory-related policy development, planning, and promotion of projects, to developing countries. Educational training programs are flexibly designed for a 1- week to 6-week period according to the needs of trainees and the purpose of the program. The 1- week program is designed for the minister or deputy minister-level officials while the 2 week program and the 3-6 week program are designed for the director-level and staff-level, respectively. In particular, the 6-week program is a special program only operated by the GDPC and it provides advanced education while having the effect of close human networking.
Second is development consulting; the GDPC provides consulting services through experts in regards to national infrastructure-related laws and institutions such as national land development planning, urban development, project site development, and construction of express railways, as well as project execution and technical support.
The consulting services provide intensive policy advisory consulting and technical support. Recently, the GDPC has provided cooperative consulting that performs joint research with the World Bank.
I I N-DEPTH LOOK
Global Development Partnership Center of KRIHS
Sakong Ho-sang, Director of the Global Development Partnership Center
Third is communication; the GDPC steadily maintains human networking with developing countries, which was built through educational training and development consulting. It also provides various types of information through the website (www.gdpc.kr) where the participants exchange their opinions.
Fourth is the support for developing countries through the Multilateral Development Banks. The KRIHS signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for partnership with the World Bank in 2010, followed by being designated as a core institution for the Urbanization Knowledge Platform (UKP) in 2011. The KRIHS was also selected as the UKP Academy by the World Bank in 2012 and has since run joint educational training programs with the World Bank. What’s more, the KRIHS promotes various partnership businesses such as hosting joint seminars, workshops, and joint research.
Fifth, the GDPC operates the Global Development Partnership Forum. It is urgent for public and private companies in Korea to strengthen their competence for global development partnerships, as much as having partnerships with developing countries or the Multilateral Development Banks.
Support and assistance from private sectors is also required for further development of developing countries. Companies should be the comprehensive cooperator as a partner of developing countries for
their economic development. It is the aim of the Global Development Partnership Forum to provide various types of information and conduct an education for strengthening their competence for the purpose of economic development.
Contribution and future networking
In 2012, a total of 112 public officials from 16 developing countries in Asia, Latin America, and Africa participated in the educational training by the GDPC. Including the trainees who participated in the development consulting, approximately more than 200 public officials from developing countries had networking with the GDPC. The GDPC is very proud to contribute to the international society. We expect further networking with more countries.
Sakong Ho-sang (hssa@krihs.re.kr)
Figure 1: GDPC’s Human Network & MOU
*The GDPC has published the GDPC newsletter quarterly. The GDPC newsletter will be integrated to the KRIHS gazette Space & Environment from June, 2013 to provide news on GDPC activities to more diverse readers. We ask for your continued support and we will continue our efforts to deliver more affluent and helpful news to the readers throughout the world.
Hosting a Korea-Myanmar Workshop
The GDPC of KRIHS hosted a workshop with Myanmar’s Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development, and the World Bank East Asia and Pacific Office (EAP) under the title of
“Sustainable Urban and Regional Development of Myanmar” from June 10 to 11 in Yangon City.
The objectives of the workshop are as follows:
First, to deliver and teach the urban planning and development experiences of Korea to Myanmar, and to obtain on-site information regarding Myanmar;
second, to strengthen networking with Myanmar’s government, as Myanmar has great potential in urban and regional development, so that the public organizations and private companies of Korea can create a foundation to enter into the Myanmar’s market; third, to build mutual trust and strengthen the global capacity of the GDPC through the joint workshop with the World Bank EAP a first in the history of the GDPC; fourth, to examine the possibility of an international joint research program regarding the development of Dala, which is south of Yangon City, and the Pa Thein region, which is one of the Special Economic Zones on the west coast of Myanmar close to the Indian Ocean, and to enhance the chances for a business connection with Korea’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport.
The workshop was conducted over two days, with five sessions in total, including such topics as urbanization in national economic development, sustainable development of metropolitan cities, major challenges involved in the development of
metropolitan cities, focusing on infrastructure, economic and space development policy directions for Myanmar, and comprehensive discussion.
Approximately 70 officials participated in the workshop, and it was a successful workshop. The participants included Korean companies that are operating business in Myanmar, such as the Lotte Group, Hanshin Corporation, Sungwoo E&C, Yooshin, Haeryuk Logistics, etc.
Thanks to the workshop, the Myanmar’s government was able to learn about the national territorial, urban and regional development cases of Korea, and to obtain the knowhow to utilize the second mover advantage to the maximum, and to minimize the trial and error process in order to leap forward, and grow greatly in a short time. For the feasible planning of a master plan, it was suggested that the Myanmar’s government and Yangon City establish a priority for developing plans according to the size of the total national budget, and increase the practicality of plans in consideration of the amount of the budget for business, based on a restricted budget size.
In addition, the Myanmar’s government also pointed out that it is essential to strengthen capacity of public officials in the 14 regional and state governments. There was also a discussion regarding the protection of cultural resources, and making them tourism resources through registering them as part of the UNESCO World Heritage.
UKP Sri Lanka Study Tour; Knowledge Sharing for Urban Development and Management
The GDPC of KRIHS carried out the Urbanization Knowledge Platform (UKP) Sri Lanka Study Tour which was held from April 29 to May 4, 2013. The Study was sponsored by the World Bank and organized by the GDPC for government officials of the Ministry of Defence and Urban Development in Sri Lanka. 16 officials from the Ministry of Defence and Urban Development and four specialists from the World Bank attended this one-week program. The participants have attended various academic and work- related programs including seminars and field trips.
G G LOBAL PARTNERSHIP
The GDPC supported their participation in the program which was composed of four seminars:
Korea’s Urban and Regional Planning, Public Private Partnership, Housing Policy, and Transportation Planning and Policy. Each seminar had three presentations, including discussions to share the knowledge of each sector for bilateral development after presentations.
Experts from KRIHS and other institutes gave them lectures in each professional field and had discussions with Sri Lankan participants to share interests in territorial and urban development. The study tour also included field trips and site visits for six days, giving them a chance to learn about urban development and management for their country.
As for the study visits, participants visited Korean major shopping districts such as Gangnam COEX, Cheonggye Stream, Insadong, Myungdong, Busan Jagalchi Fish Market, and Busan International Market. During the closing ceremony, the KRIHS and the Ministry of Defence and Urban Development in Sri Lanka signed a MOU to collaborate for further knowledge sharing and urban and regional development for Sri Lanka. The participants were very satisfied with the overall program and said they want to strengthen partnerships with the KRIHS.
Policy Advisory Training for Myanmar’s High-Level Public officials
The GDPC of KRIHS invited two high-level public officials from Myanmar for a three week invitational policy training session from May 6 to May 28. One of the officials was Myo Min, Director of the Economic Development Research Center, Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development (NPED). The session provided education on Korea’s experiences related to its economic growth and
development process. As for the background of the invitation, the KRIHS had formed a partnership agreement with the Minister of Myanmar and NPED in December, 2012, regarding national territorial and regional planning sectors, such as comprehensive planning for developing Myanmar’s coastal area. For this purpose, the Myanmar government proposed an experts exchange between the two countries.
The reasons for inviting Myanmar’s high-level government officials were as follows. The first goal was to share information about the national land and urban development planning experiences of both countries; second, to deliver Korea’s experience regarding urban planning and development projects;
third, to learn about Myanmar’s local information;
and fourth, to establish plans for a “Workshop in Myanmar” which would be presented by the GDPC of KRIHS jointly with East Asia and Pacific Regional Headquarters of the World Bank.
The KRIHS provided a total of eight courses based on prior consultation with Myanmar’s high- level public officials. The specific titles of the courses were as follows: National Comprehensive Land Development Projects of Korea, Housing Development Cases for the Low-income Class, Korea’s Land Development Policies, Water Resources Development Planning and Policies, ICT Urban Development and Transport Infrastructure, Status on the Industrial Complex Development of Korea, Green City & Low Carbon City and Introduction to KRIHS and GDPC along with Summary of Korea’s Land Development.
The KRIHS also arranged a meeting with the Ministry of Strategy and Finance of Korea for the Myanmar’s public officials during their stay in Korea. The purpose of the meeting was to smooth the hosting of the “Korea-Myanmar Joint Workshop” to be held in June, which will be hosted
by the Korea’s Ministry of Strategy and Finance.
The KRIHS supported the invitees in visiting related organizations such as the Exhibition Hall of the Incheon Economic Free Zone, the Water Management Center of Water Resources Corporation, the Anyang Smart City Center, the Mapo Resources Recycling Facility, and the KOICA. The KRIHS also provided them with opportunities to visit the Exhibition Hall of the Seoul Digital Media City, the Sangam Worldcup Stadium, the Exhibition Hall of Incheon Grand Bridge, the Namdong National Industrial Complex of the LH Corporation, the Exhibition Hall of the Green Smart Hall, and the World IT Show, so that they could see and experience the advances made in the areas of technology and construction in Korea.
The George Washington University-KRIHS Workshop on Sustainable Urban Planning
The GDPC of KRIHS conducted a joint workshop with the George Washington University on June 5, 2013. The title of the workshop was “Korea’s Sustainable Urban Planning.” The GDPC invited professors and students from George Washington University. Those invited included Professor John Carruthers, Professor Andrew Bernish, and 13 students who were in master’s and doctoral course in the university’s Sustainable Urban Planning Program. The participants from George Washington University visited the urban planning sites of Korea for two weeks (May 25 ~ June 7, 2013) and then gave reports about their field visits.
The workshop was based on the memorandum of understanding that was arranged with George Washington University on September 13, 2012, regarding the sharing of knowledge about urban sectors, and the operation of a joint education program.
Beginning with the opening speech made by Acting President of KRIHS, Park Jae-gil, the workshop included four seminars, with a total of nine presentations. Experts from KRIHS participated in each session as part of discussion panels.
Seminar 1: Vitality of a Neighborhood Unit Zone by Kim Seong-soo, Associate Research Fellow Seminar 2: Issues related to the Labor Force and National Territory by Kang Ho-je, Research Fellow
Seminar 3: Infrastructure and Energy Management by Wang Kwang-ik, Associate Research Fellow
Seminar 4: Urban Planning in Environmental Level by Wang Kwang-ik, Associate Research Fellow
Starting with this workshop, the KRIHS will promote regular joint master’s and doctoral courses in urban planning with George Washington University through a regular exchange of educational programs.
2013 Compact City Workshop in
Commemoration of Publishing the Korean Version of OECD Korean Urban Policy Report
The Urban Research Division of KRIHS hosted the
“2013 Compact City Workshop in Commemoration of Publishing the Korean Version of OECD Korean Urban Policy Report” on April 25 in the Middle Conference Room on the 3rd floor of the KRIHS.
In this workshop, a Korean translation was delivered to the OECD in commemoration of publishing the Korean-version of the OECD Korean Urban Policy Report. The participants shared information about current urban policies and tasks involving advanced countries, and discussed the
future direction of Korean Compact City policies with Korean and international experts.
In Part 1 of the Compact City Workshop, Park Jae-gil, Acting President of KRIHS and Setsuko Saya, Manager of Regional Policies for the Sustainable Development Division of OECD, made congratulatory remarks at the publication ceremony.
This was followed by a ceremony for the delivery of the Korean version of the OECD Korean Urban Policy Report. In Part 2 of the workshop, Setsuko Saya and Ju Jong-hwan, Managers of OECD gave a presentation titled “A Study of a Korean Compact City: Major Issues and Tasks,” Keith Thorpe, Head of the UK Urban Police Support Team, gave a presentation titled “UK Compact City Policies,” and Michael Parkinson, a Professor at Liverpool’s John Moores University in the UK, gave a presentation titled “Urban Regeneration and a Compact City:
Policy Cases in Europe”. Subsequently, from the Korean side, Lee Young-ah, a Professor at Daegu University, gave a presentation titled “Urban Problems and Tasks from the Perspective of a Compact City”, and Lee Seung-il, a Professor at the University of Seoul, gave a presentation titled “Actions Required for Building Korean Compact Cities.”
In the discussion session led by Son Kyung-hwan, Senior Research Fellow at KRIHS, the people participating included the delegates from OECD, Seong Hyun-gon, Research Fellow of the Korea Transport Institute, Choi Ho-hyun, Senior Research Fellow of the Korea Urban Regeneration Corporation attached to the LH Corporation, Yoo Jae-yoon, Head of the Center for Urban Regeneration Policy, and Kim Sang-jo, Research Fellow of KRIHS. They actively discussed the topic “Compact City Policies and Tasks in Korea”.
International Seminar in Commemoration of the 1stAnniversary of the Center for Urban Disaster Management Policy
The Center for Urban Disaster Management Policy of KRIHS hosted an international seminar with the overseas disaster prevention experts in commemoration of the 1stanniversary of the center on April 4. It was held in the auditorium of KRIHS with the title of “Climate Change and Heavy Rain Disaster of Cities”. In the seminar, there were presentations titled “Historical Investigation on Flood Risk Areas of Japan and Future Prospect” given by Hori Domoharu, Professor of Kyoto
University; “Massive Flood and Building Disaster Prevention Cities from Urban Planning Perspectives”
given by Kato Dakayaki, Professor of Tyoko University; “Urban-level Measures against Natural Disaster according to Weather Anomaly in Europe”
given by Professor Jürgen Pietsch from University of Hamburg in Hafen City, and “Intermediate-level PSR (Point/Site/Region) Strategy against Heavy Rain Disaster” given by Sim Ou-bae, Director of the Center for Urban Disaster Management Policy.
Professor Hori Domoharu explained that measures against floods are being reviewed in Japan and there is a new paradigm to attract a mutual understanding and discussion with residents and share the responsibilities of floor risk management, which has been done by central government and municipal governments with the residents. Professor Jürgen Pietsch suggested that an integrated disaster management system is required to prepare against various disasters, and it is necessary to build Smart Green Cities.
After the presentations on each topic, profound discussion was conducted led by Shin Hyun-seok, Professor of Pusan National University with the panels that consisted of domestic experts, including Kang Sang-joon, Research Fellow of Gyeonggi Research Institute, Goh Il-doo, Future-oriented Urban Architecture Producer of Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement, Kim Jae- young, Reporter of DongA Daily Newspaper, Kim Hyun, Professor of Dankook University, Jeong Myeong-woon, Research Fellow of the Korea Legislation Research Institute, and Choi Choong-ik, Professor of Kangwon National University. The discussion was done for the purpose of providing a disaster prevention system against heavy rains in the cities according to climate change. The seminar served as a great opportunity to gather experts and share their ideas.
Preliminary Study on Establishment Procedure of National Territorial and Regional Development Policies
The GDPC of KRIHS visited Quito in Ecuador and Bogota in Colombia from April 3 to April 11, 2013 for the preliminary study of the multi-year training program (3 years, 2013~2015) of the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) titled
“Establishment Procedure of National Territorial and Regional Development Policies for Building the Basis of Green Growth of Three Emerging Countries in South America”. The multi-year training program is a customized training program conducted for the purpose of capability development of the related countries and organizations over three years beyond other existing single-time training programs. This visit was done to introduce this multi-year training program to relevant organizations and conduct a survey on the training institution and demands of trainee countries, as well as the facts on recruiting trainees.
The delegation found that the Ecuadorian government wanted to learn knowledge and technology of Korea regarding knowledge-based new town development, geographic information systems, housing and land sectors, development of industrial complexes, the Green Growth city, and U-city.
In Columbia, they discussed national territorial and regional development policies including national land development projects. As a result, it was found that Colombia was interested in
simulation development for regional and urban development, setting policies required for urbanization and implementation plans, factors required for role adjustment between central and regional governments, and finance in case of their training in Korea.
2013 Korea-Russia Far East Forum
The 2013 Korea-Russia Far East Forum was held during May 16~18 in Vladivostok, Russia. Dr.
Sakong Ho-sang, GDPC Director of KRIHS, and Dr. Lee Sang-jun, Director of the Center for the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asian Studies of KRIHS, attended the Forum which was composed of five sessions including regional development, logistics and maritime, energy, environment and warp-up session. The Directors took part in the Forum as a moderator and presenter.
According to the summary of discussion, ROK and Russia need to concentrate their competency into three areas, development of agriculture and maritime industry, eco-tourism, and logistics-energy linkage for cooperative regional development in the Far East, and also they should make joint efforts to enhance joint cooperation project planning capacity;
ROK and Russia need to organize bilateral regional development cooperation committee for Far Eastern cooperative regional development, and at the same time they have to seek cooperation for development in the region under the multilateral cooperation spectrum; they also need to perform working-level dialogues for joint deployment of regional
N N EWS & ANNOUNCEMENTS
development through utilization of North Korean workers among South-, and North- Korea, and Russia. The forum served as an opportunity to discover various agenda for bilateral cooperation.
2013 Korea-China International Seminar on National Territorial Policies
The Housing and Land Research Division of KRIHS hosted the “2013 Korea-China International Seminar on National Territorial Policies” jointly with the Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) of the People’s Republic of China in a conference room of the MLR in China on May 13, 2013. The participants in this seminar included five officials from the KRIHS including Kim Geun-yong, Head of Housing and Land Research Division. In this seminar, a total of six presentations were given on the topic of “National Land Planning and Development Strategies”. After the presentations, a question and answer session was provided regarding the issues of Korea’s national land projects, New Towns Movement, and Korean real estate policies, followed by China’s national land projects, policies for effective use of land, and Chinese real estate policies.
Kim Dong-ju, Director of the National Territorial Planning & Research Division of the KRIHS gave a presentation on the changes in the national territorial policy of Korea and evaluation of Korean national land planning. Jeong Hee-nam, Senior Research Fellow, and Choi Soo, Research Fellow of KRIHS, gave presentations on establishment of urban infrastructure and funding methods, respectively.
Also, Yang Jin-hong and Kang Mi-na, Research Fellows of KRIHS, gave presentations on the performance and tasks of Korea’s New Towns Movement.
This international seminar dealt with Korea’s balanced land development policies and urban growth management, and China’s redevelopment policies of construction site and real estate regulation policies. It is expected to contribute to the development of national land and policy planning of the two countries.
Global Development Partnership Forum
The Global Development Partnership Forum has been held every month since September, 2011. Its objective is to establish a network among forum members, search for ways to advance into overseas development market and collaborate with other public and private institutes.
The 19thForum: Urban Development and Investment Opportunities of India
The GDPC of KRIHS hosted the 19th Global Development Partnership Forum on April 3 in the Grand Ballroom Hall at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Seoul. The participants in this forum were 55 in total. 10 high-level officials and affiliates from India also participated in the forum. They were the trainees of the training program that was provided from March 31 to April 6 titled “Training for high- level Officials from India’s Ministry of Urban Development: Focusing on Partnership Experience of Korea between Government and Private Sectors.”
Ms. Nisha Singh, Deputy Minister of India’s Ministry of Urban Development and an invited lecturer to this forum gave a presentation on “Urban Development and Investment Opportunities of India”. Deputy Minster Singh introduced India’s urban development status including India’s urbanization scenarios, and effects of urbanization
on urban infrastructure. She used “Jawaharlal Nehru’s National Urban Rebuilding Project” as an example. This project is an intensive program for comprehensive urban development policies that consist of urban policy, legal system, finance, project promotion, capacity development, supervision, and evaluation sectors.
The presenters and forum members had a discussion in a question and answer session regarding an effective investment opportunity in India. The forum members expressed great interest in various public private partnership projects for urban development that are conducted by central and local governments of India.
The 21st Forum: Strategies and Directions for the Participation in the Projects Ordered by the Asia Development Bank
The GDPC of KRIHS hosted the 21st Global Development Partnership Forum on June 5, in the Grand Ballroom Hall at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Seoul. There were a total of 43 participants at this forum.
The invited lecturer was Ham Mi-ja, Professor of the Kyung Hee University Graduate School of Pan- Pacific International Studies. The topic of her lecture was “Strategies and Directions for the Participation of Korean Companies in the Projects Ordered by the Asia Development Bank (ADB).”
Professor Ham was the former chief of the East Timor office of the ADB, as well as the chief of the ADB Project. She presented project contracts and strategies and experiences for the projects undertaken by the Multilateral International Banks (MDB). This presentation also provided the participants with the time to exchange systematic and specific information about writing an overseas
bidding proposal in English.
GDPC Director, Dr. Sakong Ho-sang, also gave a presentation on the topic of “Project Conditions and Strategies for Launching in Myanmar’s Market.” Dr.
Sakong provided an overview and status on Myanmar’s development projects. He also introduced information related to investment in promising growth sectors, and the location of major special economic zones, as well as information about development strategies that could be used to increase cooperation with Myanmar.
The presenters and forum members had time to discuss ADB projects, and ways to make business proposals in Myanmar more effective. Forum members expressed great interest in MDB projects through their approaches to ADB projects.
Global Development Partnership Seminar:
Tasks and Supporting Plan for Overseas Project Financing
The Global Development Partnership Seminar was held on May 8 at the El Tower in Seoul. The seminar was hosted by the GDPC of KRIHS, in connection with the Global Development Partnership Forum. Regarding the tasks for financing and revitalizing overseas projects, a total of four presentations were given, with the following titles: “Challenges and Plans for Overseas Development Projects,” by Park Gwan-sik, Advisory Committee Member of KOTRA; “Public Finance for Overseas Development Projects,” by Jeon Eung-cheol, Executive Director of the Project Financing Department, KDB; “Private Finance for Overseas Development Projects,” by Woo Sang- hyun, Manager of the Global Project Financing Team of Shinhan Bank; and “Policy Improvement for Financing Overseas Development,” by Song
Byung-rok, President of Korea Infrastructure.
After all the presentations were completed, there was a discussion with four experts on what future directions and strategies to follow for financing overseas development. The experts included Kim Jong-hyun, Overseas Support Director of the International Contractors Association of Korea;
Kim Joon-ho, Manager of the Order Team at the Korea Trade Insurance Corporation; Maeng Joon- ho, Associate Research Fellow of the Korea Exim Bank; and Lee Jin-soo, Professor of the KDI School of Public Policy and Management. Approximately 180 people from governmental institutions, construction companies, engineering companies, associations, and research institutes participated in the seminar. Participants were highly satisfied with this successful seminar, which showed overseas project financing is one of hot issues in the construction industry.
Urbanization Flagship Workshop with the World Bank South Asia
The GDPC of KRIHS participated in the workshop hosted by the World Bank South Asia in Bhutan from May 31 to June 7, 2013. The Bhutanese government, the World Bank Headquarters and Regional Offices, and other governments and organizations in South Asia participated in the workshop to build key manpower and expert networking in the urban development sector.
The workshop was done for three days. On the 1st day, starting with the opening speech by the Bhutanese government, there were presentations on
overall summary, the case reports of the representatives in each country, and discussions.
On the 2nd day, with the topic of “Integrated Planning & Land Management”, there were presentations and a question and answer session regarding considerations on integrated planning from the economic, environmental and social perspectives, land development mechanisms, planning means and bills, economic and financial means, and legal framework.
On the 3rd day, there were presentations and a question and answer session with the topic of
“Affordable Housing” regarding housing demand and supply, housing purchase affordability, housing construction plans based on low-income class demands, housing finances, and illegal housing and relocation.
A lot of information was provided regarding urban development in each country of South Asia.
The countries in South Asia will form active relationships among the South Asia regions through this workshop.
Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) is committed to improving knowledge and understanding of the conditions and problems of the nation’s resources and their interactions with people. It has assisted the government in formulating long-range development plans and makes policy recommendations on related matters since 1978.
KRIHS carries out various activities to collaborate with the international research community in solving theoretical and practical problems concerning human settlement issues and planning. Also, it provides research expertise and consulting services along with training programs for foreign governments and institutions.
Copyright c June 2013
Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements
254 Simin-daero Dongan-gu Anyang-si Gyeonggi-do, 431-712, Korea TEL: 82-31-380-0545 FAX: 82-31-380-0468
E-Mail: gazette@krihs.re.kr Homepage: www.krihs.re.kr Publisher: Park Jae-gil Editor: Sakong Ho-sang Editorial Committee:
Han Woo-suk, Kim Eun-jung, Kim Jong-hak, Lee Jae-yong, Lee Sang-keon, Park Joon, Park Kyung-hyun, Park Soon-up, Wang Kwang-ik, Yoon Ha-joong, Jang Yun-mee
KRIHS GAZETTE June, Vol. 55
