Action Plan for Two Rural Communities in Vietnam : 베트남 농촌 지역개발 계획 수립 능력 향상을 위한 컨설팅 지원사업 결과보고서 별책

전체 글

(1)C2007-12-1 | 2007. 4.. Action Plan for Two Rural Communities in Vietnam 베트남 농촌 지역개발 계획 수립 능력 향상을 위한 컨설팅 지원사업 결과보고서 별책. April, 2007.

(2) This Action Plan was prepared by the NIAPP research team under the consultation by the KREI consultants, and presented at the national workshop held on the 4th of April, 2007 in Hanoi, Vietnam. It includes current social, economic, and cultural conditions, development needs of the residents and local governments, and investment plan of two project sites, Hoa An village of Bac Giang province and Giua village of Phu Tho province..

(3) i. Action Plan for Two Rural Communities in Vietnam. Prepared by: (NIAPP staff) Dr. Vu Nang Dzung: Leader Mr. Vu Cong Lan: Coordinator Mr. Le Hung Tuan: Agricultural development, Budget planning Ms. Pham Thi Huong: Agricultural development Mr. Lai Ngoc Thanh: Community building Mr. Tran Van Hung: Healthcare Mr. Hoa Thanh Ngoc: Infrastructure Consulted by: (KREI staff) Dr. Ki-Whan Chung Dr. Jang Heo Mr. Kyong-Cheol Park Dr. Yong-Taek Kim With financial support from: The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Korea.

(4) iii. CONTENTS. Action Plan 1: Hoa An Village, Hop Duc Commune, Tan Yen District, Bac Giang Province 1. Introduction ···································································································· 1 2. Socio-economic conditions ··········································································· 2 3. Social infrastructure ···················································································· 10 4. Challenges to development ········································································ 14 5. Development needs ····················································································· 16 Action Plan 2: Giua Village, Hien Quan Commune, Tam Nong District, Phu Tho Province 1. Introduction ·································································································· 23 2. Socio-economic conditions ········································································· 24 3. Infrastructure ································································································ 37 4. Difficulties for development ······································································ 41 5. Development needs ····················································································· 42.

(5) 1. Action Plan:. 1. Hoa An Village, Hop Duc Commune, Tan Yen District, Bac Giang Province. 1. Introduction. 1.1. Location Hop Duc is a mountainous commune locating in the East of Tan Yen district, about 4km far from the district center towards provincial road 295. Hop Duc commune in particular and Tan Yen district in general have favourable communication and transportation conditions with other localities within the province, the distance from Tan yen district to Bac Giang city is 15km towards provincial road 284. Hoa An village belongs to Hop Duc commune, about 1 km from the commune center to the South, it borders with Lo Noi village to the North, Thuong river to the East and Luc Lieu village to the West. Hoa An village spreads on undulating sloping land, which is convenient for drainage, however it faces to difficulty in irrigation and water storage for production..

(6) 2. 1.2. Transportation condition Transportation roads from Hop Duc commune to district and provincial centers are favorable, since provincial roads 284 and 295 run through this area have been asphalted and expanded by state’s investment. Inner‐village roads of Hoa An province are not being improved, there is merely 700m of inner village road being concretized, and remaining is earth road. Road from the village connects to provincial road 295 (cross Luc Lieu village) is the earth road (about 1.3km long) in very poor and difficult condition.. 2. Socio-economic conditions. 2.1. Population Ethnicity According to household survey result, by January 2007, there are 159 households with 589 populations in Hoa An village (33 people are Buddhism, 21 people are Christian). Hoa An village is a new resettlement one, people migrated to this area since 1930s. People in Hoa An village came from various areas to settle in this area, however most of households in Hoa An are Kinh people from neighboring area, there is not a big different in their culture and religion..

(7) 3. 2.2. Culture Education Healthcare. 2.2.1. Education The kindergarten was built in 2006 by supported finance of PLAN, presently there are 1 class for 4 years old children, 1 class for 3 years old and 1 crèche in inter‐village center (including 4 villages, namely, Hoa An, Lo Noi, .........), class for 5 years old children locates in commune center. The primary school is newly built by PLAN project with 3 classrooms. Presently, merely 2 classes (class 1 and 2) are held in center of 4 villages (upper classes are concentrated in commune center). Physical and learning conditions of pupils are gradually equipped and supported by funds of the Government (Department of Education and Training) and international organization (PLAN). In general, basic conditions on education and training of the village and commune are fine and improved.. 2.2.2. Culture Village’s festival of Hoa An village is in 6th of January by Lunar Calendar with various ritual, cultural activities and very exiting entertainment games like folk song singing, sport games... This festival not only helps to connect villagers closely to each other but also contributes to facilitate Hoa An in communicating, integrating with other villages, communes in the district.. 2.2.3. Healthcare Healthcare facilities for disease examination and treatment have been basically equipped. In general, people in the village and commune satisfy with quality.

(8) 4 and disease examination and treatment conditions at the commune clinic, accessibility to healthcare services, vaccination, maternal and children healthcare service is favorable. However, preventive and community healthcare service are not being given proper attention. Percentage of popular disease contracting cases in the village remains high, according to surveyed result, more than 75% of households have someone contracted diseases like fever, influenza and diahhoea. As regards to children health situation, about 10% of households in the village have malnutrition children, other popular diseases of children like fever, diahhoea are occurred in 50% of households in the village. Problem of stimulant, addictive abuse is not serious in the village. There are about 50% males in the village addicted cigarette smoking, 40% using alcohol, however according to comment of villagers, there is not any case abuse of alcohol.. 2.3. Social associations Apart from undertaking functional and assigned mandates, social associations in Hoa An village also contribute to mobilize villagers to participate in community development activities such as: propagation and dissemination to prevent and eliminate social evils, look after and sponsor to elderly people, visit and give presents to poor people, who meet with risk and misfortune as well as contribute to production development.. 2.4. Economic activities Total agricultural land of the commune covers 454.67ha, accounts for 49.17%.

(9) 5 of total natural land of the whole commune, average agricultural land per capita is 659㎡/person. Agricultural land of the village is 38ha, accounts for 58.2% of total natural area of the village, average agricultural land per capita is 645㎡ /person (this indicator of entire district is 696.7㎡). Table 1-1. Land use situation of surveyed households Number of surveyed households (hh). Total area (㎡). Average (㎡/hh). Structure (%). 150. 305,726. 2,038. 100.00. Agricultural land. 140. 181,104. 1,294. 59.24. Garden land. 142. 99,518. 701. 32.55. 4. 1,440. 360. 0.47. 28. 19,512. 697. 6.38. 8. 4,152. 519. 1.36. Total land. Forest land Pond, lake area Other lands. Figure 1-1. Land use structure of households in Hoa An village (According to household surveyed result in January 2007).

(10) 6 Within agricultural production itself, crop cultivation appropriates 48%, animal husbandry: 43%, fishery 6% and service approximately accounts for 3% of total agricultural production value of the district with VND 450 billion. Agricultural production value of Hoa An village accounts for 90% of total production value, merely 10% is value obtained from other occupations such as: construction, small scale industry.... 2.4.1. Food crops Paddy is the dominate food crops of people in the village as well as in the commune, district and province. Popular cultivated paddy varieties are Khang Dan, C70, Bao Thai. Double paddy crop production of the village is equal to average provincial productivity. This table indicates year‐round paddy yield as well as single crop paddy yield of the commune and village are lower than district one, paddy yield of the commune and village are equal to 84% and 86% of the district, respectively. Maize crop is cultivated in winter season, its cultivated area appropriates insignificant area of total agricultural land. Yield of maize in the village is low with around 2.61tons/ha due to shortage of irrigation water. Popular maize varieties are cultivated in the locality including CP 999, VN4, 9797, Mexico. Table 1-2. Actual paddy production situation of the locality in 2006 Winter‐Spring Item. Unit. District. Commune. Summer‐Autumn Village. District. Commune. Village. Area. ha. 6,050. 311. 18.33. 7,700. 365. 27.22. Yield. ton/ha. 4.90. 4.40. 4.32. 4.75. 3.70. 4.05. 29,645. 1,368. 79.20. 37,525. 1,372. 110.23. Production. ton. Source: Statistic data of district, commune and village.

(11) 7 Table 1-3. Actual situation of maize production in 2006 Area (ha). Bac Giang Province. 13,808.0. 3.10. 42,804.8. 10.79. 1,950.0. 2.81. 5,479.5. 12.26. Hop Duc commune. 80.0. 2.81. 224.8. 9.45. Hoa An village. 17.4. 2.16. 37.58. 22.80. Tan Yen district. Yield (ton/ha). Production (ton). % of total food cultivated area. Item. Source: Statistic data of province, district, commune and village. 2.4.2. Subsidiary crops Major winter crops are: Maize, sweet potato, vegetables (potato, cabbage, tomato), which mainly use for household’s consumption, partly for selling. Major foodstuff subsidiaries are vegetables (tomato, cucumber, cabbage, kohlrabi, water melon, etc.) and beans. Subsidiary crops cultivated land of Hoa An village is insignificant, most of products are used for domestic demand. Peanut, especially Spring Peanut (Lac Xuan) is the second major crop of Hoa An village with 9.8ha, average yield achieves 1.62ton/ha. In 2006, Tan yen district started implementing the commodity agricultural production program with major crops are water melon, baby cucumber, baby tomato, sweet corn, lemon... With favorable natural conditions, Hoa An village has good potential to develop these crops for improving economic effect in the village.. 2.4.3. Fruit trees Tan Yen district has rareripe litchi variety (about 0.5 month earlier than main maturing time) which gives high economic value (about 2 times higher price than main maturing one). In Hoa An village, litchi trees are planted in hilly gar-.

(12) 8 dens, however the yield is not high since litchi trees in the village are frequently affected by pests and diseases, the reasons are litchi growers have shortage investment capital for tending and lack of techniques in litchi planting and tending.. 2.4.4. Animal husbandry Animal husbandry in Hoa An has potential but its development is not being given proper attention. Ruminant husbandry (buffalo, cow, horse) mainly use for ploughing and breeding, major domestic animals are pig and chicken at small scale, commodity production scale of is not developed. Pigs are rearing at household level for fattening, the income is not high but people can take full advantage of household’s labor and use manure for agricultural production. Total pigs of Hoa An village merely appropriates 3.56% of total pigs of the commune. During recent years, pig rearing does not give profit since the price is very low, the pork liveweigth price in commune is 13,000 VND/kg (profit is around 100,000 VND/head/brood (excluding labor work). Chicken is also the main domestic animal being reared at household level and mostly provided for household’s consumption. Table 1-4. Actual situation of animal husbandry in Hoa An village Animal. Number of households involved in animal husbandry(hh). Total herd (head). Breeding scale (head/hh). Buffalo. 10. 10. 1.00. Cow. 73. 76. 1.04. Pig. 118. 856. 7.25. Chicken. 124. 3581. 28.88. 14. 237. 16.93. Duck Source: Survey data.

(13) 9 Presently, fishery production in the commune and village is underdeveloped. Hop Duc commune has 25.16ha of aquaculture area (accounts for 3.7% of aquaculture area of the whole district), in which Hoa An village has 6.3ha, mainly for extensive cultivation of some common fresh fish species like amur, carp, mud carp and cat carp.. 2.4.5. Extra occupations Extra occupations in Hoa An village is underdeveloped, leisured labors mainly work as manual hired labor such as free labor, sand exploitation workers, construction workers and some skill occupations like driver, garment worker, carpenters... Figure 1-2. Average annual incomes from some extra occupations in the village (Household’s Surveyed result in January, 2007) Unit: VND 1000.

(14) 10 Some jobs give rather high income such as: oversea export labor (Malaysia, Korea...) give income of VND 50-60 million/year, carpenter: VND 30 million/year. However there occupations require certain skill and qualification. Most of laborers in Hoa An village are untrained ones, therefore the annual income from extra occupation remains low level. Popular labors in the village like hired labors, construction labors, sand exploitation labors... are occasionally and seasonally operated, mainly in idle agricultural production period therefore annual incomes from these works are lower than average level in the region. The following chart indicates the average annual income of some popular occupations in the village. As for farm production, total annual revenue was calculated, exclusive of production investments.. 3. Social infrastructure. 3.1. Drinking water Most of households in the village use water from drilling well and shallow well (125 households) for domestic use, water source is obtained within the household, however 35 households have to go for 1015 minutes to take water. According to comment of interviewed households, water source is slight muddy. Merely 3 households satisfy about drinking water source, 47 households claim that the water source for domestic use is not safety, remaining 105 households are not sure about their own water source for domestic use. However, merely 16 households purify water before using. In general, water quality and safety level for domestic use in the village is not being defined yet since the water quality test and analysis are not being done..

(15) 11 There are 145 interviewed households want to change water source for domestic use, mainly underground water (drilling well) and tap water.. 3.2. Housing There are 133 households having permanent houses, in the village still remain some houses were built by other materials like earth, wood, bamboo, etc., but in few numbers and most of those are used as outbuildings. As regards to house’s roof materials, there are 136 houses having tile roof, 12 households have concrete roof houses and 12 households have corrugated ion roof houses. Regarding to animal barn, among 155 interviewed households, there are 134 households having animal barns, average area is 32㎡/barn. Most of households put animal barns outside yard, far from residential place, however some households arrange animal barns nearby drinking water source (shallow well). Among interviewed households, there are 145 households want to newly build ore repair animal barns. Major reasons are: temporary animal barns, some barns have been permanent built but at very small scale, which can not satisfy the animal production expanded demand of the household in future..

(16) 12. 3.3. Living facilities. 3.3.1. Kitchen Indicator. Quantity (hh). Percentage (%). Total surveyed households. 159. 100.00. Number of households have kitchen. 139. 87.42. 4. 2.88. Number of smoke kitchen. 120. 86.33. Number of inconvenient kitchen. 118. 84.89. Number of unsanitized kitchen. 105. 75.54. No of households have standard kitchen. 3.3.2. Toilet Indicator. Quantity (hh). Percentage (%). Total surveyed households. 159. 100.00. Number of households have toilet. 120. 75.47. 9. 7.50. 104. 86.67. 75. 62.50. Number of households have standard toilet Number of unsanitized toilet Number of bad smell toilet. 3.3.3. Bathroom Indicator Total surveyed households. Quantity (hh) Percentage (%) 159. 100.00. Number of households have bathroom. 86. 54.09. Number of households have standard bathroom. 10. 11.63. Number of unsanitized bathroom. 72. 83.72. Number of bad smell bathroom. 44. 51.16.

(17) 13. 3.4. Energy Most of households use fuel wood, straw, litchi leaves, etc., for firing (151 households), there are 59 households use charcoal for cooking.. 3.5. Community center Community center is a very important place of the community, where villagers usually participate in meeting, discuss and make decision about community’s activities. Community center of Hoa An village was built in 1999, up to present, this center is rather small, which is insufficient to organize meeting for all households in the village, equipment, chairs and tables for this community center, etc., are shortage. People in the village want to renovate and expand the community center for more effectively using in community’s activities.. 3.6. Playground Public playground of the village plays very important role in festivals, where people in the village can enjoy entertainment or play sports, etc., Although the playground situates in the center of the village with a large area, however young people in the village have not used this playground in sport, entertainment activities (popular sport games in the village are soccer and badminton). To improve effect of community’s activities, it is essential to invest in improving playground, lake, fence to beautify the landscape as well as integrate with.

(18) 14 movements to mobilize villagers to build the community and improve their consciousness in community betterment and beatification. Singing movement in the village is gradually revitalized, there are 20 people are joining folk song singing club in the village.. 4. Challenges to development. 4.1. Infrastructure Irrigation system of the village is not improved, merely primary canal system has been constructed, secondary and thirdly canal systems are earth made result to low irrigation effect, high water leakage. Moreover, due to insufficient and unimproved canal system, cropping pattern conversion from paddy land into commodity subsidiary crop production remains much limitation and difficulty. Transportation road connects from village to provincial road No 295 is narrow and unconcretized, which is very difficult to transport commodities, especially in rainy season. Produced agro products are slowly consumed since the trucks can not access village to transport the products. Social infrastructure such as drinking water facility, kitchen, toilet, etc., are not guaranteed, inner village road system, waste water, garbage facilities are not given proper attention, therefore percentage of people contracted popular diseases is high..

(19) 15. 4.2. Agricultural production. 4.2.1. Cultivation Shortage irrigation water causes of deteriorated canal system, several sections of canal are not being concretized, especially the thirdly canal system is in very poor condition, which greatly influence to yield and quality of cultivated crops. Cultivated land of the village is being exhausted since sensible rotational cultivation formula is shortage; on the other hand, abuse of chemical fertilizers lasts in long time. Villagers are lacking of knowledge in crop intensive production techniques, especially in applying new advanced scientific and techniques in their production activities. - Shortage investment capital to develop production. - Consumption market is unstable, especially for fruit trees. Agricultural division of Tan Yen district has a plan to convert paddy land in ineffective upland into cultivate subsidiary crops, vegetables, fruit trees... which would give higher economic value; and convert lowland area into fish cultivation of paddy‐fish cultivation models. However to convert into more suitable crops or proper production techniques are not being defined yet.. 4.2.2. Animal husbandry - Shortage capital to develop animal husbandry. - Lacking of scientific and technique knowledge. - Lacking of pasture for ruminant breeding. - Disease is also a big impact to effect of animal husbandry..

(20) 16 In addition, animal husbandry development of the households also meets with difficulties due to: small scale animal barn, animal breeds are not secured and shortage capital to invest in buying good animal breeds, animal feed... To improve this situation and problem, development direction of the commune is investing in formulation of concentrate animal rearing area in Ho Nuoc Trang (White Water Lake) in Hoa An village.. 4.2.3. Some agricultural development solutions - Conversion of cropping pattern from ineffective paddy land into other more suitable and higher economic value crops. - Improvement of canal system in order to sufficiently irrigate the cultivated crops. - Improvement of rural transportation road to facilitate transportation conditions, agro product consumption, especially for fruit products. - Organize training course on plantation, animal husbandry techniques for local people.. 5. Development needs. 5.1. For households - New and high yield crop varieties - Improvement of agricultural extension services: training new production techniques, demonstrating new production models and replicating in the community..

(21) 17 - Improvement of irrigation scheme and thirdly canal systems. - Provision of agricultural credit fund for investment in production inputs. - Improvement participatory marking capacity for villagers such as access marketing information, market price as well as cooperative marketing development.... 5.2. For village community - Newly build or improve community center... - Improvement, concrete pavement of village roads, expand and concretize road from village center to provincial road. - Improvement of sport playground. - Improvement of primary, secondary... canal systems - Construction of drinking water supply facility. - Construction of garbage collection system..

(22) 18 action plan HOA AN VILLAGE - HOP DUC COMMUNE - TAN YEN DISTRICT - BAC GIANG PROVINCE Compo- nent. Difficulties, limitations. Solving directions. Detail activities. 1. High average production 1. Improve production value/certain pro- 1.Formulate model of spring peanut (2ha), winter peanut (2ha), winter area/person duction area; Increase proportion of potato (3ha), water melon (4ha) to introduce for farmers and pro2. Food crop cultivation mod- commercial crops with high value, sta- duce habit of commercial production for the villagers (project supel is dominant bilize market port 40% - local government: 30% - local people: 30%). .2. Build 15 irrigation sluices for converting 4 ha of single paddy lowland field into aquaculture (local budget 50%, local people: 20%, project: 30%). 2. Technical training, knowledge improve- 1. Technical training on cultivation, animal husbandry, aquaculture (2 ment for villagers. courses)-(local budget 50%; project: 50%). A. Income generation. 3. Invest to construct aquaculture and con- 1. Dredge, improve lakebed (cost should be born by local people). centrate animal husbandry production 2. Embank edge system (supportive budget from district and province) area with total land of 8ha (Sen Lake) 3. Embank edge for allocating plots, water supplying and draining . sluices, ground leveling in concentrate animal husbandry production area (lproject: 100%). 4. Support partly mechanize for paddy land preparation and harvesting.. 1. Provide 2 small-scale land preparation machine; 2 motor-threshering machines (project support 50%, local people: 50%) 2. Establish credit fund, support low interest capital for commercial agricultural production households (project formulate a credit fund with around VND 200 million). B. Infrastructure improvement. 1. Narrow and earth-made Inter-village and inner-village roads. 1. To expand inter-village road surface 1. Mobilize villagers residing along 2 road sides to devote land for from current 4m to 6 m; expand inexpanding road surface ner-village road surface from current 3 m to 5 m.. 2. Earth road surface, very difficult for traveling in rainy season. 2. Concrete pavement of intervillage-road 2. Rural transportation: District people committee support 30%; comwith width of 4m, thickness 20cm; mune and local people contribute 20%; project support 50% of reConcrete pavement of inner-village road maining cost (inter-village road); District people committee 50%, with width of 3m, thickness 15cm local people 50% (inner-village road). 3. Thirdly canal is earth 3. To concretize thirdly canal system made resulting to high water loss and leakage, low irrigation efficiency. C. Community building. 3. Concretize thirdly canal system: local budget support 30% of total cost; commune and local people contribute 20%; Project support 50% of remaining cost.. 1. Village community center 1. 3. Provide equipment, tables, chairs, 1. Project support 100% (total estimated cost is VND 36 million). has been built but equipbookshelf, (amplifier, loudspeaker, mument and chairs, tables are sic instrument…) and decorative font not available. for community cultural center. Dancing... 2. Make plastic ceiling (100㎡); concrete 2. Project support 50% ; commune and local people contribute 50% pavement of playground: 200㎡. (total estimated cost is VND 12 million) . 2. Community playground is 3. Buy goal net, net;. not completed. 3. Project contribute 100% (total estimated cost VND 1.2 million) .. 1. Household's kitchen: 135 1. Support to newly build or renovate 1. Project support 60% cost for newly build or renovation; Remaining unqualified kitchens kitchen according to designed model, cost is born by household. (accounts for 97.1% of to- which is actually experimented and suittal surveyed households) able to local conditions.. D. Living environment. 2. Toilet: 111 unqualified toi- 2. Support to newly build or renovate toi- 2. Project support 60% cost for newly build or renovation; Remaining lets (account for 92.5% of let according to existing semi-septic cost is born by household. total surveyed households) tank model in the locality with suitable cost; Combined toilet with bathroom 3. Bathroom: 70 unqualified (outside part if bathroom and inside part bathrooms (accounts for 81.4% of total bathrooms); used for toilet) 73 households do not have bathrooms (accounts for 45.9% of total households in the village) 4. Drinking water: 102 3. Build water supply model by house- 3. District budget support 20% of cost; local people contribute 20%; households use unsanitized hold-groups (each group: 4-6 neighbour- project: 60%. and unsafety water source ing households). Each group will have 1 for domestic purpose drilling well (depth: 50m) and 1 pump(accounts for 88.7% of to- ing machine; pipe system to every tal surveyed households) household..

(23) 19 TABLE : PROJECT COST ESTIMATION FOR HOA AN VILLAGE, HOP DUC COMMUNE, TAN YEN DISTRICT, BAC GIANG PROVINCE(Total) No. Project items. Unit. Quantity. Price unit (1000VND). Total project cost. Cost (VND million) 3569.6. Proportion of capital (%) A Income generation. Sources Government Community 787.6. 1070.4. MAF 1711.6. 100.0. 22.1. 30.0. 47.9. 1683.1. 321.93. 643.93. 717.24 8.80. 1 Support for peanut production + Spring peanut. ha. 2. 11000. 22.00. 6.60. 6.60. + Winter peanut. ha. 2. 11000. 22.00. 6.60. 6.60. 8.80. 2 Support for winter potato production. ha. 3. 9700. 29.10. 8.73. 8.73. 11.64. 3 Support for Autumn-winter water melon production. ha. 4. 10000. 40.00. 12.00. 12.00. 16.00. 4 Support for converting into aquaculture. ha. 4. 35000. 140.00. 28.00. 70.00. 42.00. course. 2. 10000. 20.00. 10.00. + Small-scale land preparation machine. piece. 2. 30000. 60.00. 30.00. 30.00. + Motor-threshering machine. piece. 2. 10000. 20.00. 10.00. 10.00. 5 Production technique training. 10.00. 6 Equipment, machine. 7. Support for establishing concentrate VAC (garden-fish pond-animal barn) + Dredge, improve lakebed. ㎥. 50000. 10. 500.00. + Embank edge. ㎥. 25000. 10. 250.00. ㎥. + Fill up plot's edge. 500.00 250.00. 10000. 10. 100.00. 100.00. + Foundation piles of animal barn. block. 4. 60000. 240.00. 240.00. + Drainage sluice. sluice. 4. 10000. 40.00. 40.00. 8 Support for farmers' micro credit + seed money. 200.0. B Infrastructure improvement. 200.0. 1512.30. 453.69. 302.46. 756.15. 742.30. 222.69. 148.46. 371.15. 770.00. 231.00. 154.00. 385.00. 6.00. 43.20. 1 Transportation + Inter-village road. km. 1.3. 571000. + Inner-village road. km. 1.55. 321000. km. 2.2. 350000. station. 1. 250000. 2 Irrigation, electricity + Thirdly canal + Transformer 180 KVA C Community building. 49.20. 1 Cultural center + Tables, chairs, equipment, music instruments + Playground. whole ㎡. 24.00 200. 60. 2. 600. 24.00. 12.00. 6.00. 6.00. 2 Playground + Goal net, net 3 Dancing, singing clothes, festival flags. piece whole. D Living environment. 1.20. 1.20. 12.00. 12.00. 325.00. 12.00. 118.00. 195.00. 1 Household's kitchen + Newly build. piece. 10. 8000. 80.00. 32.00. 48.00. + Renovation. piece. 30. 1500. 45.00. 18.00. 27.00. 2 Semi-septic tank toilet and bathroom. piece. 40. 3500. 140.00. 56.00. 84.00. 3 Drinking water supply for household groups. group. 15. 4000. 60.00. 12.00. 36.00. 12.00.

(24) 20 TABLE: BUDGET PLAN FOR HOA AN VILLAGE, HOP DUC COMMUNE, TAN YEN DISTRICT, BAC GIANG PROVINCE. (By years and sources) No. A 1. 2 3. Project items. Total project cost Proportion of capital (%) Income generation Support for peanut production + Spring peanut + Winter peanut Support for winter potato production Support for Autumn-winter water melon production. Total project cost (VND mil.) 3569.6 100.0 1683.10. 1039.75 29.1 795.55. 1652.9 46.3 836.55. 338.0 9.5 51.00. 22.00 22.00 29.10. 11.00 11.00 14.55. 11.00. 11.00 14.55. 40.00. 20.00. 20.00. Years 2007. 4. Support for converting into aquaculture. 140.00. 140.00. 5 6. Production technique training 20.00 Equipment, machine + Small-scale land preparation machine 60.00 + Motor-threshering machine 20.00 Support for establishing concentrate VAC (garden-fish pond-animal barn) + Dredge, improve lakebed 500.00 + Embank edge 250.00 + Fill up plot's edge 100.00 + Foundation piles of animal barn 240.00 + Drainage sluice 40.00 Support for farmers' micro credit + seed money 200.0 Infrastructure improvement 1512.30 Transportation + Inter-village road 742.30 + Inner-village road Irrigation, electricity + Thirdly canal 770.00 + Transformer 180 KVA Community building 49.20 Cultural center + Tables, chairs, equipment, music 24.00 instruments + Playground 12.00 Playground + Goal net, net 1.20 Dancing, singing clothes, festival flags 12.00 Living environment 325.00 Household's kitchen + Newly build 80.00 + Renovation 45.00 Semi-septic tank toilet and bathroom 140.00 Drinking water supply for household 60.00 groups. 10.00. 7. 8 B 1. 2. C 1. 2 3 D 1. 2 3. 2008. 2009. Year 2007 2010 231.0 6.5. 2011 308.0 8.6. 10.00 30.00 10.00. Total. Government Community. MAF. 1039.75 100.0 795.55. 53.87 5.2 46.67. 660.4 63.5 583.6. 7325.42 31.3 7165.22. 11.00 14.55. 3.30 4.37. 3.30 4.37. 4.40 5.82. 20.00. 6.00. 6.00. 8.00. 140.00. 28.00. 10.00. 5.00. 70.0042. 00 5.00. 30.00 10.00. 500.00. 500.00. 500.00. 100.0. 100.0. 49.20. 6.00. 250.00 100.00 240.00 40.00 100.0. 100.0 742.30. 231.00. 231.00. 308.00. 231.00. 231.00. 308.00. 742.30. 49.20. 43.20. 24.00. 24.00. 24.00. 12.00. 12.00. 6.00. 6.00. 1.20 12.00 195.00. 74.00. 56.00. 1.20 12.00 195.00. 1.20 12.00 70.80. 117.00. 48.00 27.00 84.00. 16.00 18.00 28.00. 16.00 28.00. 48.00 27.00 84.00. 19.20 10.80 33.60. 28.80 16.20 50.40. 36.00. 12.00. 12.00. 36.00. 7.20. 21.60. 7.20. 7.20.

(25) 21 TABLE: PROJECT COST ESTIMATION FOR HOA AN VILLAGE, HOP DUC COMMUNE, TAN YEN DISTRICT, BAC GIANG PROVINCE. (Divided by investment years and capital sources) No. Project items. Year 2008 Total. Total project cost Proportion of capital (%). 1652.85. Year 2009. Government Community 497.06. 212.63. MAF. Total. 943.17. 338.00. 75.00. 89.50. MAF 173.50. 100.0. 30.1. 12.9. 57.1. 100.0. 22.2. 26.5. 51.3. 836.55. 271.97. 36.97. 527.62. 51.00. 3.30. 23.30. 24.40. + Spring peanut. 11.00. 3.30. 3.30. 4.40. 11.00. 3.30. 3.30. 4.40. + Winter peanut. 11.00. 3.30. 3.30. 4.40. A. Income generation. 1. Support for peanut production. 2. Support for winter potato production. 14.55. 4.37. 4.37. 5.82. 3. Support for Autumn-winter water melon production. 20.00. 6.00. 6.00. 8.00. 4. Support for converting into aquaculture 10.00. 5.00. 5. Production technique training. 6. Equipment, machine. 7. Government Community. 5.00. + Small-scale land preparation machine. 30.00. 15.00. 15.00. 30.00. 15.00. 15.00. + Motor-threshering machine. 10.00. 5.00. 5.00. 10.00. 5.00. 5.00. Support for establishing concentrate VAC (garden-fish pond-animal barn) + Dredge, improve lakebed + Embank edge. 250.00. + Fill up plot's edge. 100.00. 100.00. + Foundation piles of animal barn. 240.00. 240.00. 40.00. 40.00. + Drainage sluice 8. Support for farmers' micro credit. B. Infrastructure improvement. 1. Transportation. + seed money. + Inter-village road. 250.00. 100.00. 100.0. 742.30. 222.69. 148.46. 371.15. 231.00. 69.30. 46.20. 115.50. 742.30. 222.69. 148.46. 371.15. 231.00. 69.30. 46.20. 115.50. 44.40. 56.00. 2.40. 20.00. 33.60. 16.00. 6.40. 9.60. 11.20. 16.80. 2.40. 7.20. + Inner-village road 2. Irrigation, electricity + Thirdly canal + Transformer 180 KVA. C. Community building. 1. Cultural center + Tables, chairs, equipment, music instruments + Playground. 2. Playground. 3. Dancing, singing clothes, festival flags. D. Living environment. 1. Household's kitchen. + Goal net, net 74.00. 2.40. 27.20. + Newly build. 16.00. 6.40. 9.60. + Renovation. 18.00. 7.20. 10.80. 11.20. 16.80. 28.00. 2.40. 7.20. 12.00. 2. Semi-septic tank toilet and bathroom. 28.00. 3. Drinking water supply for household groups. 12.00. 2.40. 2.40.

(26) 22 TABLE: PROJECT COST ESTIMATION FOR HOA AN VILLAGE, HOP DUC COMMUNE, TAN YEN DISTRICT, BAC GIANG PROVINCE. (Divided by investment years and capital sources) No. Project items. Year 2010 Total. Government Community. Year 2011 MAF. Total. Government Community. MAF. Total project cost. 231.00. 69.30. 46.20. 115.50. 308.00. 92.40. 61.60. 154.00. Proportion of capital (%). 100.0. 30.0. 20.0. 50.0. 100.0. 30.0. 20.0. 50.0. 231.00. 69.30. 46.20. 115.50. 308.00. 92.40. 61.60. 154.00. 231.00. 69.30. 46.20. 115.50. 308.00. 92.40. 61.60. 154.00. A. Income generation. 1. Support for peanut production + Spring peanut + Winter peanut. 2. Support for winter potato production. 3. Support for Autumn-winter water melon production. 4. Support for converting into aquaculture. 5. Production technique training. 6. Equipment, machine + Small-scale land preparation machine + Motor-threshering machine. 7. Support for establishing concentrate VAC (garden-fish pond-animal barn) + Dredge, improve lakebed + Embank edge + Fill up plot's edge + Foundation piles of animal barn + Drainage sluice. 8. Support for farmers' micro credit. B. Infrastructure improvement. 1. Transportation. + seed money. + Inter-village road + Inner-village road 2. Irrigation, electricity + Thirdly canal + Transformer 180 KVA. C. Community building. 1. Cultural center + Tables, chairs, equipment, music instruments + Playground. 2. Playground. 3. Dancing, singing clothes, festival flags. + Goal net, net D. Living environment. 1. Household's kitchen + Newly build + Renovation. 2. Semi-septic tank toilet and bathroom. 3. Drinking water supply for household groups.

(27) 23. Action Plan:. 2. Giua Village, Hien Quan Commune, Tam Nong District, Phu Tho Province. 1. Introduction. 1.1. Location Tam Nong is a mountainous district of Phu Tho province, 30km far from Viet Tri city according to National road 32C, total natural area of the district covers 15,577.69ha. Hien Quan commune locates in the North of Tam Nong district, is 20km far from district center (Hung Hoa district town). Total natural area of entire commune is 555.02ha, accounts for 3.56% of total district’s natural area. There are 2 sides of Hien Quan Commune bordering with Red River (North and East), the commune borders with Than Uyen commune to the South and borders with Vuc Truong and Huong Nha communes to the West. Giua village belongs to Hien Quan commune, its location is in the middle of commune (accordingly its name is Giua (Middle) nearby commune center on.

(28) 24 provincial road 315.. 1.2. Transportation condition Tam Nong district has an important transportation location with 2 main roads. National road No 32 connects from Hanoi city, runs through Thanh Son district to Yen Bai province and National road 32C from Viet Tri city to Yen Bai province. Provincial and district road systems in the district area provide great favorable conditions in circulation, trading and economic development in the region. Hien Quan is a remote commune of Tam Nong district, situates in the end of Provincial road 315 connecting with Tam Nong district center. Giua village, Hien Quan commune situates in adjacent to provincial road 315, however most of inner‐village roads are earth made, which are not concretized, and therefore the transportation conditions are very difficult in rainy season.. 2. Socio-economic conditions. 2.1. Population Ethnicity Hien Quan commune is characterized with high population density, according to statistic data of the district by 31/12/2005, Hien Quan commune has 6,201 populations, population density is 1117.3 people/㎢, recorded as the highest one in the district. According to recent household’s surveyed results, by January, 2007, Giua village, Hien Quan commune has 130 households with 644 populations, average population/household is rather high, about 5.1 people/household..

(29) 25 Among 130 surveyed households, 644 people, 340 laborers, there are 12 people working as carpenter, 20 people working as construction workers, 2 people are small traders, 282 farmers, 15 people working as hired labor, 9 people working in other jobs. Most of people in Giua village are Kinh people, 100% villagers are Christian. Table 2-1. Population and population density Items. Tam Nong. Total population (people) Population density (people/k㎡). Hien Quan. Giua village. 81,182. 6,201. 644. 521.2. 1,117.3. 2,125.4. Source: Statistic data of district, commune and village. Fig 2-1. Population density. 2.2. Culture Education Healthcare 2.2.1. Education Kindergarten: Kindergarten in Hien Quan commune was newly built in 2001.

(30) 26 with 1 central school and 2 branches, there are around 200 children at all pre‐ school ages learning in these schools. Teaching and learning conditions are sufficient, in general, parents satisfy with physical and learning conditions. However, presently, the toilet system does not work since water system is damaged and water storage tank is unavailable. Giua village does not have crèche (according to statistic data, there are 40 children in braid age). Learning conditions of primary and lower secondary schools of Hien Quan commune are poor due to shortage of learning equipment and materials like desks & chairs, board... Table 2-2. Existing education conditions according to evaluation of local people (%) Criteria. Satisfaction. Non Not interest satisfaction. Physical conditions of primary school. 38. 42. 5. Education Quality of primary school. 53. 1. 14. Physical conditions of lower secondary school. 32. 45. 4. Education quality of lower secondary school. 58. 2. 14. Source: Household’s surveyed result January/2007. 2.2.2. Healthcare In general, people in the village and commune satisfy with conditions and quality of healthcare services in commune clinic. Accessibility to healthcare services, vaccination, maternal and children healthcare is favorable. Birth rate of people in village is high, average population per household is 5 people/household, some households have 6-7 children. Popular disease contracted percentage in the village is high, according to sur-.

(31) 27 veyed result, 69% of households have fever contracted people (children: 40%). Problem of stimulant, addictive abuse is not serious in the village.. 2.2.3. Culture Hien Quan commune has a race traditional festival (Phet festival), which is held from 12–13 of January (Lunar calendar). This is one of 3 festival places of Phu Tho province in original tourism program (Hung Temple, Au Co Temple and Phet festival). A part from these cultural activities, people in Giua village also have daily and weekly activities of Catholic religions. Youth people usually practice hymn singing, and learn catechism at the church in evening time.. 2.3. Social associations There is a Catholic executing Committee, including representatives of 3 main family lines in the village to mobilize local people to contribute in community development and religion activities. The Catholic executing Committee and Catholic priest interest in production development, living environment improvement and strengthen participatory of villagers in community development. Community learning center locates in the commune, which has functions of educating, disseminating and mobilizing local people in community development. Agricultural extension association was established to train disease and pest prevention programs, transfer farming and livestock production techniques for farmers; develop aquaculture, livestock production development projects...;.

(32) 28 Organize seminars on new maize, hybrid rice varieties model, etc.. 2.4. Economic activities. 2.4.1. Existing land use Hien Quan commune has limited area, merely accounts for 3.36% of total district’s natural area (total 20 communes and district town in the district). Total agricultural land of commune is 361.04ha, accounts for 65.05% of natural area. Table 2-3. Existing land use Items Total natural area Agricultural land Forestry land Special used land Residential land Others. Tam Nong Hien Quan Percent of district commune (%) (ha) (ha) 15,577.69 555.02 3.56 11,460.68 361.25 3.15 3,619.34 0.00 0.00 1,228.28 44.15 3.59 503.48 40.46 8.04 390.23 2.29 0.59. Giua village (ha) 30.38 25.08 0.00 1.25 4.05 0.00. Percent of commune (%) 5.47 6.94 0.00 2.83 10.01 0.00. Source: Statistic year book of Tam Nong district, 2006.. Table 2-4. Land use situation of surveyed households. Total area Agricultural land Garden land Pond, lake Others. Surveyed household (hhd) 127 124 115 7 5. Total area (㎡) 306,389 244,418 51,369 3,770 6,832. Average (㎡/hhd) 2,413 1,971 447 539 1,366. Structure (%) 100.00 79.77 16.77 1.23 2.23.

(33) 29 Fig 2-2. Agricultural land use structure of households in Giua village (According to household surveyed data January, 2007). Fig 2-3. Average agricultural area/population (㎡/population). 2.4.2. Plantation Paddy is the dominant food crops of people in Tam Nong district, Hien Quan.

(34) 30 commune and Giua village. Popular paddy varieties are being cultivated in the area: DT10, DT13, Xi 21, X20, XIN 6, Nhi Uu 838, Boi tap Xuan Thanh, Q5, HT1. Paddy crop is cultivated in 2 seasons: Table 2-5. Food crops cultivation area Unit: ha. Crops Paddy Maize. Tam Nong district 4,375.4 1,429.0. Hien Quan commune 321.90 43.5. Giua village 44.64 7.8. Source: Statistic data of district, commune, village. Table 2-6. Existing paddy cultivation in 2006 Items Cultivated area Cropping structure Yield Production. Unit ha % ton/ha ton. Winter‐Spring District Commune Village 2,669 200.5 25.04 61.0 62.3 56.1 5.09 4.68 4.86 13,585 938 121.7. District 1,706 39.0 4.32 7,370. Monsoon Commune Village 121.4 19.6 37.7 43.9 4.17 4.32 506 84.7. Source: Statistic data of district, commune, village. Maize is mainly cultivated in winter crop, yield of maize in the commune and village is lower than district due to shortage of irrigation water, merely 30% of maize cultivated area is sufficiently irrigated. Popular maize varieties are American maize (80%), VN4 (15%) and DK 414 (newly experiment). DK 414 variety gives higher yield but it requires sophisticated techniques and higher investment. Table 2-7. Cultivated area, yield, production of maize in 2006 Items Tam Nong district Hien Quan commune Giua village. Area (ha) 1,429.0 43.5 7.8. Yield (ton/ha) 4.64 4.20 4.05. Source: Statistic data of district, commune, village. Production (ton) 6,633 182.7 31.6. % of food crops cultivated area 24.62 11.90 14.87.

(35) 31 Table 2-8. Cultivated area, yield and production of root crops in 2006 Criteria. Unit. Area. ha. Yield. ton/ha. Production. ton. Cassava. Sweet potato. District Commune Village District Commune Village 552.4. 61.3. 6.2. 104.9. 5.5. 1.04. 10. 3.2. 3.2. 14.1. 4.5. 4.5. 5524. 196.2. 19.8. 1479.1. 24.8. 4.7. Source: Statistic data of district, commune, village. Cassava cultivated area of the district is about 552.4ha, in which Hien Quan commune covers 61.3ha (about 11.1%) and Giua village: 6.2ha (equal to 10% of commune). Average yield of cassava in the commune and village is very low with about 3.2ton/ha, meanwhile the cassava yield of district achieves 10ton/ha. Cassava product mainly uses for livestock (cow rearing). Sweet potato cultivated area is insignificant, in 2006 the cultivated area is only 140.9ha in entire district, in which the Hien Quan commune covers 5.5ha (accounts for 3.9% of district sweet potato cultivated area) and Giua village covers 1.04ha (accounts for 19% of commune sweet potato cultivated area). Sweet potato yield of district achieves 14.09ton/ha, of commune and village: 4.5ton/ha, equals to 32% of average district’s yield. Sweet potato is mainly used for livestock. Vegetables cultivated area in the village is insignificant (about 0.3ha), major vegetables are: tomato, cucumber, cabbage, kohlrabi, pumpkin... mainly for domestic consumption. Table 2-9. Cultivated area, yield of some subsidiary crops Peanut Soybean Sesame Commune Village Commune Village Commune Village 108.89 4 16 1 10.5 0.02 Area ha 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.05 1.05 Yield ton/ha 119.77 4.4 17.6 1.1 11.02 0.02 Production ton Criteria. Unit. Source: Statistic data of district, commune, village.

(36) 32 Peanut is one of main crops in the commune and village, it gives remarkable income among plantation income source. Peanut cultivated area in 2006 of Hien Quan commune is 108.89ha, Giua commune covers about 4ha, average yield of the commune achieves 1.1ton/ha (equal to 84% of average district’s yield). Soybean cultivated area of the district is 151.7ha, Hien Quan commune covers 16ha, Giua village: 1ha. Average yield of the district achieves 1.16ton/ha, yield of commune and village is around 1.1ton/ha. Hien Quan commune is cultivating about 10.5ha of sesame, average yield achieves 1.05ton/ha, sesame cultivated area in Giua village is limited, merely 0.02ha. Major fruit trees in the local area are longan, litchee, grape fruit, banana, orange, mandarin, etc. Fruit trees are planted in gardens and hilly gardens of households. Total fruit trees planted area of the district is 741ha, Hien Quan commune: 3.9ha and Giua village: 4.82ha. Table 2-10. Cropping pattern (%) Items. Tam Nong district. Hien Quan commune. Giua village. Food crops. 63.38. 57.45. 80.28. Root crops. 7.76. 10.5. 8.05. Foodstuff crops. 5.48. 2.59. 0.33. Short term industrial crops. 9.88. 19.64. 5.56. 3.62. 0.42. 6.19. 5.36. 100.00. 100.00. Other annual crops Fruit trees. 5.41. Perennial crops. 8.09. Total. 100.00. Source: Statistic data of district, commune, village.

(37) 33 Fig 2-4. Cropping pattern of Hien Quan commune and Giua village (%). 2.4.3. Livestock Livestock is fairly developing in Hien Quan commune, especially in Giua village. There are some households in the village rearing 3-4 cows. Cow rearing.

(38) 34 gives higher economic value than other animal breeds, especially the Sind hybrid cow. Cows mainly for selling meat and breeders. About 60‐65% of cow herd in the village has been Sind hybridized. Pigs are reared for meat at household’s scale. According to statistic data, there are 15 households in Giua village rearing 40 heads/household, which give high income for the household, take full advantage of household’s labor and manure for agricultural production. Pig herd in Giua village accounts for 34% of total herd of commune. Poultry (chicken) are mainly reared at household’s scale, which do not give significant income for the household, mainly for household’s consumption. Table 2-11 Quantity of cattle and poultry Animal breeds Buffalo In which: Ploughing buffalo Cow In which: Ploughing cow Sind hybrid cow Pig In which: Sow Goat Poultry. Tam Nong district 3,634. Hien Quan commune 19. Giua village 1. 2,410. 19. 1. 15,866 8,186 2,458 41,550 3,156. 1,552. 165 88 60 602 28 16 6,150. 418,000. 990 1,819 415 29 29,200. Source: Statistic data of district, commune, village. Presently, aquaculture of commune and village is underdeveloped. There are only 12ha of aquaculture in Hien Quan commune (equals to 1% of district’s aquaculture area). There are 6 households in Giua village engaged in a contract of 7ha lowland field for single fish rearing (one crop for paddy cultivation), fish is mainly semi intensive cultivation, annually income from fish culture obtains about VND 5 million/household. Remaining surface water area are ponds of households, mainly used for extensive fish rearing, economic value is not high. Popular fish species are amur carp, common carp, cat head fish and mud carp..

(39) 35 Table 2-12: Major animal breeds of Giua village Animal breeds. No. of households No. of animal breeds Average per (hhd) (head) household (head/hhd). Buffalo. 1. 1. 1.0. Cow. 89. 166. 1.9. Pig. 90. 312. 3.5. Chicken. 87. 2.393. 27.5. Duck. 7. 182. 26.0. Goat. 1. 20. 20.0. Source: Statistic data of district, commune, village. Fig 2-5. Average income from livestock production (VND mil./hhd/year). 2.4.5. Extra occupations There are about 20% of households in Giua village engaged with carpentry job (mainly produce popular wood furniture like door, window, table & chair). Skill of carpenters in the village is not high, products are simply made therefore economic value is low (1 set of door costs about VND 500-600 thousand, mean-.

(40) 36 while in other areas 1 set of door can be sold at VND 1–1.5 million). Generally, there is only 1 person in each carpentry household doing carpentering work, other members in the household just assist him and do agricultural production activities (cultivation and livestock). According to household’s surveyed result in January, 2007, there are 10 people in village working as carpenters, income for carpentry work is high (compared to other household’s incomes), average income achieves VND16.4 million/household/year (the household gets the highest income with VND 72 million/year, the household gets the lowest income: VND 7 million/year). Carpentry work spontaneously develops, collective groups or carpenter club for sharing experience, seeking market or purchasing materials are not established, therefore production effect as well and competitiveness in the market is not high, difficult to be consumed if production scale would be larger and carpenter would be difficult to become as major livelihood of household. Fig 2-6. Average income from main activities (VND million/household/year).

(41) 37 Fig 2-7. Labor structure of main activities (%). A part from carpentry job, the second extra job gives high income is construction worker (VND 9.9 million/household/year). Construction worker is seasonally operated, very people totally live on this job. According to surveyed result, there are 19 people in the village have extra income from this job. Since the construction skill of workers in the village is not high, they mainly work as hired popular construction worker for building houses in the region. Some households reside along provincial road 315 have small service and trading business: sell consuming commodities for local people, agricultural service, restaurants... however these jobs do not give significant income for the households.. 3. Infrastructure. 3.1. Transportation system Road system in the village is mostly earth‐made, very muddy in rainy season,.

(42) 38 dust in dry season. Total length of inter‐village road is 1250m, average width: 4m. Total length of inner village road: 2.6m, width: 3m, and various small trails to the households. Difficult transportation system affects to communication, marketing conditions of local people as well as influences to production development opportunity (transportation of materials, inputs to local area or transportation of produced products to consumption markets, etc.). 3.2. Irrigation system Primary canal system of commune and village has been concretized. However secondary and thirdly canal systems are earth‐made (Total length: 1,200m) result to high water leakage and low irrigation efficiency.. 3.3. Social infrastructure. 3.3.1. Kitchen Criteria. Quantity (hhd) Percentage (%). Total surveyed households. 130. 100,00. Households have kitchen. 125. 96.15. 5. 4.00. 101. 80.80. Number of inconvenient kitchen. 40. 32.00. Number of unsanitized kitchen. 27. 21.60. Households have qualified kitchen Number of smoky kitchen.

(43) 39. 3.3.2. Toilet Criteria Total surveyed households Households have toilet + Number of hhd have qualified toilet + Number of unsanitized toilet + Number of smell toilet. Quantity (hhd) Percentage (%) 130 100.00 111 85.38 6 5.41 90 81.08 60 54.05. 3.3.3. Bathroom Criteria Total surveyed households Households have bathroom + Number of hhd have qualified bathroom + Number of unsanitized bathroom + Number of smell bathroom. Quantity (hhd) Percentage (%) 130 100.00 102 78.46 3 2.94 72 70.59 15 14.71. 3.3.4. Drinking water. Criteria Total surveyed households Number of hhd use shallow well Number of households assume that well water is safety for drinking Number of households do not know whether well water is safety Number of households want to change water source for domestic use Drilling well water Concentrate water supply Shallow well. Answered hhd (hhd) 130 130. Percentage (%) 100.00 100.00. 60. 46.15. 70. 53.85. 105. 80.77. 7. 6.67. 76. 72.38. 22. 20.95.

(44) 40. 3.3.5. Housing House Surveyed hhd. Earth. Brick. Stone. Wood. Bamboo. Others. 130. 9. 117. 1. 44. 37. 4. 100.00. 6.92. 90.00. 0.77. 33.85. 28.46. 3.08. No. of hhd (hhd) Percent (%). Roof Surveyed hhd. Straw. Tile. Wood. Concrete. Ion configuration. Others. 130. 18. 100. 14. 4. 1. 9. 100.00. 13.85. 76.92. 10.77. 3.08. 0.77. 6.92. No. of hhd (hhd) Percent (%). Surveyed household House’s wall House’s roof Kitchen Toilet Bathroom Drinking water. 130 130 130 130 130 130. Need to repair No need to repair hhd % hhd % 114 87.69 2 1.54 115 88.46 1 0.77 126 96.92 1 0.77 127 97.69 1 0.77 126 96.92 2 1.54 123 94.62 1 0.77. Not decide hhd % 1 0.77 1 0.77 0 0.00 2 1.54 2 1.54 1 0.77. Animal barn: 114 households, average size 17.6㎡/hhd. Need of improvement - General improvement. 21 hhd. - Improvement of barn’s ground. 3 hhd. - Improvement of barn’s roof. 21 hhd. - Newly build. 62 hhd. - Replan of livestock area. 3 hhd. 3.3.6. Energy 100% households in the village have accessed to national grid. Existing elec-.

(45) 41 tricity supplying condition is sufficient for domestic use and production purpose in the village. 118 households, accounts for 90.77% of households in the village use fuel wood for cooking, some households use gas and charcoal for cooking.. 3.3.7. Other facilities Cultural hall is constructing in total ground area of 790㎡, building area is 92㎡. Playing and entertainment area is planned in front of village’s cultural house. It will be the community center of Giua village. However, presently the village does not have financial source for buying necessary equipment for the community hall (table & chair, amplifier, loud speaker, stage font, etc.) and finance for building toilet and playground (volleyball, badminton) is unavailable. It is expected that the village cultural hall will be used for crèche in the village (there are 46 children at braid age in the village).. 4. Difficulties for development. 4.1. Infrastructure Infrastructure conditions of Giua village poor. Inter‐village and inner‐village road systems are inconvenient for economic, socio-cultural development. Irrigation canal system insufficiently supplies water for agricultural production development due to great water leakage..

(46) 42. 4.2. Production Agricultural area is limited, sandy soil is dominating resulted to low yield of cultivated crops. In general, Giua village does not have any crop give high economic efficiency. Commune authorities and villagers tend to convert ineffective single paddy crop land into aquaculture, however aquaculture is underdeveloped due to much difficulty in finance, techniques. Hien Quan commune in general and Giua village in particular have potential to develop cow rearing for meat (Sind cow). However, the village and commune need to convert, plan the pasture plantation area for cow production. Village people have much difficulty in hybrid breeders, breeding techniques as well as barn conditions for livestock production development.. 5. Development needs. 5.1. For households - New crop varieties with high yield (97.7% households need) - Improvement of irrigation system to sufficiently supply water for cultivated crops and aquaculture area (97.7% hhd). - Supply fertilizer, pesticide as well as provide guidance on fertilizer, pesticide application..

(47) 43. 5.2. For village community - Improve, upgrade transportation system in the village, especially the inter‐ village road (96.9% of households need). - Build concrete playground, provide equipment for village cultural hall and improve landscape surrounding the community center (92.3% hhd) - Build crèche in the village (81.5%) - Improve canal system (66.2%)..

(48) 44 action plan GIUA village- Hien Quan Commune - Tam Nong district - Phu Tho Province Component. Difficulties, limitations. 1. Low average production A. area/person Income gen2. Food crop cultivation model is eration dominant... 1. Narrow Inter-village and inner-village roads B. Infrastructu 2. Earth road surface, very difficult re improvefor traveling in rainy season ment 3. Thirdly canal is earth made resulting to high water loss and leakage, low irrigation efficiency 1. Village community center has been built but is not operated since equipment and chairs, tables are not available. C. Community building. 2. No kindergarten, creche, children have to learn in other village, far from their home. 3. Community playground is unavailable 1. Household's kitchen: 118 unqualified kitchens (account for...% of total households). Solving directions. Detail activities 1.Support high quality varieties in 2 first production crops in order to produce habit of using good varieties for the villagers 1. To improve production value/certain (project 100%). production area. 2. Embank 170 m of edge, build 1 drainage sluice to convert 04 ha of single paddy crop into aquaculture (local government budget 20%, local people contribution 30%, project 50%) 1.Support for training technical veterinary staff (district budget 100%) and support salary/12 first months( VND 200 thousand/month - project 100%). 2. To increase production value of animal husbandry in household's income 2. Support for poor households to buy hybrid Sind cow ¡¦local structure. people 50%, project 50%) 3. Planning for converting ineffective paddy cultivated land into intensive cultivating of grass. 1. Organize training course to improve production skills, invite trainers from Ha Tay province (project 100%) 3. To increase income from non-farm 2. Establish credit fund, support low interest capital for business jobs. and services households (project should formulate a credit fund with around VND 200-300 million) 1. To expand inter-village road surface from current 4m to 6 m; expand 1. Mobilize villagers residing along 2 road sides to devote land inner-village road surface from current for expanding road surface 3 m to 5 m. 2. Concrete pavement of intervillage-road 2. Rural transportation: District people committee support 50% with width of 4m, thickness 20cm; of cost for improvement of transportation road (budget is Concrete pavement of inner-village from rural transportation programme); local people road with width of 3m, thickness 15cm contribution 20%; project support 30% of remaining cost 3. Concretize thirdly canal system: Local budget 50% of cost; 3. To concretize thirdly canal system local people contribute 30%;project support 20% of remaining cost. 1. Project supports 100% cost for buying chairs and tables, 1. To provide tables, chairs, equipment for amplifier, loudspeaker, decorative font; 100% cost for community center. building fence (wall). Project supports 50% cost for playground; 2. Build dining room and toilet in existing community center, 2. To use community center for use community center for multi-purpose, including multi-purpose , including for kindergarten and creche. Project supports 50% of construction kindergarten. cost and 100% cost for purchasing equipment for dinning room. Local people will contribute the remaining cost. 3. Arrange 4000㎡ of land for establishing 3. Land for building community center is under management of community playground. the Commune people's Committee. 1. Support to newly build or renovate kitchen according to designed model, 1. Project support 60% cost for newly build or renovation; which is actually experimented and Remaining cost is born by household. suitable to local conditions. 2. Support to newly build or renovate toilet according to existing semi-septic 2. Project support 60% cost for newly build or renovation; tank model in the locality with suitable Remaining cost is born by household. cost. 3. Support to newly build or renovate the 3. Project support 60% of cost; Remaining cost is born by the bathroom according to model suitable household. to locality with reasonable cost.. 2. Toilet: 118 unqualified toilets (account for ...% of total D. Living households) environment of house3. Bathroom: 118 unqualified toilets holds (account for ...% of total households) 4. Drinking water: 118 households use unsafety and unqualified 4. Build concentrate drinking water supply 4. District budget support 30% of cost, project 20%; Local water source for drinking people will contribute the remaining cost of 50%. facility at village or inter-village scale. (account for ...% of total households).

(49) 45 TABLE : BUDGET PLAN FOR GIUA VILLAGE, HIEN QUAN COMMUNE, TAM NONG DISTRICT (Total) No.. Project components. Unit. Quantity. Sources Unit price Cost (VND (1000VND) million) Government Community. Total project cost. MAF. 3919.2. 1422.9. 841.81. Percentage of capital (%). 100.0. 36.3. 21.5. 42.2. A. Income generation. 439.1. 32.9. 32.7. 373.6. 1. Support paddy varieties. 2. 3. + Spring crop. kg. 1400. 8. 16.8. 5.6. 5.6. 5.6. + Summer-autumn crop. kg. 1680. 8. 20.1. 6.7. 6.7. 6.7. + Embank 170m of edge. ㎥. 765. 56. 42.8. 8.6. 12.9. 21.4. + Build 1 drainage sluice. sluice. 1. 15000. 15.0. 7.5. 7.5. + Train technical staff. man month. 12. 1000. 12.0. + Support salary for first year. man month. 12. 200. 2.4. 2.4. head. 18. 5000. 90.0. 90.0. 160.0. 160.0. Support for converting into aquaculture. Support for animal husbandry development. + Support poor households to by hybrid cow breeds 4. Support for farmers' micro credit. 5. Support for non-farm jobs. + seed money. 12.0. + Invite trainers for carpenter training. man month. 4. 5000. 20.0. 20.0. + Organize training course for carpenter job. man month. 50. 200. 10.0. 10.0. + seed money B. Infrastructure improvement. 1. Transportation. 50.0. 50.0. 1980.1. 990.1. 509.2. 480.9 447.1. + Inter-village road (2 routes). km. 2.5. 571000. 1490.3. 745.2. 298.1. + Inner-village road (3 routes). km. 1. 321000. 321.0. 160.5. 160.5. km. 1.25. 135000. 168.8. 84.4. 50.6. 33.8. 250.0. 50.0. 50.0. 150.0 42.0. 2. Irrigation. C. Community building. 1. Community cultural center. + Thirdly canal. + Chairs, tables, equipment. 2. 654.5. 70.0. 14.0. 14.0. + Playground. whole ㎡. 700. 100. 70.0. 14.0. 14.0. 42.0. + Wall (fence). m. 200. 150. 30.0. 6.0. 6.0. 18.0. ㎡. 20. 1500. 18.0. Kindergarten, creche + Kitchen + Kitchen's equipment + Toilet. whole. 30.0. 6.0. 6.0. 10.0. 2.0. 2.0. 6.0. 40.0. 8.0. 8.0. 24.0. ㎡. 20. 2000. 1250.0. 350.0. 250.0. 650.0. piece. 50. 1500. 75.0. 15.0. 15.0. 45.0. D. Living environment. 1. Kitchen improvement. 2. Semi-septic tank toilet. piece. 50. 2000. 100.0. 20.0. 20.0. 60.0. 3. Bathroom. piece. 90. 1500. 75.0. 15.0. 15.0. 45.0. 4. Concentrate drinking water supply. whole. 1. 1000000. 1000.0. 300.0. 200.0. 500.0.

(50) 46 TABLE: BUDGET PLAN FOR GIUA VILLAGE, HIEN QUAN COMMUNE, TAM NONG DISTRICT (By years and sources) No. Project items. Total project cost. Total project. Year. Year 2007. cost (VND mil.). 2007. 2008. 2009. 2010. 2011. Total. Government Community MAF. 3919.2. 586.3. 1381.2. 333.0. 809.4. 809.4. 586.3. 115.8. 103.8. Percentage of capital (%). 100.0. 15.0. 35.2. 8.5. 20.7. 20.7. 100.0. 19.8. 17.7. 62.5. A. Income generation. 439.1. 197.1. 242.0. 197.1. 18.7. 6.7. 171.7. 1. Support paddy varieties 20.1. 6.7. 6.7. 6.7. 12.0. 12.0. 2. 3. + Spring crop. 16.8. + Summer-autumn crop. 20.1. 366.7. 16.8 20.1. Support for converting into aquaculture + Embank 170m of edge. 42.8. 42.8. + Build 1 drainage sluice. 15.0. 15.0. Support for animal husbandry development + Train technical staff + Support salary for first year + Support poor households to by hybrid cow breeds. 12.0. 12.0. 2.4. 2.4. 90.0. 45.0. 45.0. 45.0. 45.0. 160.0. 80.0. 80.0. 80.0. 80.0. + Invite trainers for carpenter training. 20.0. 10.0. 10.0. 10.0. 10.0. + Organize training course for carpenter job. 10.0. 5.0. 5.0. 5.0. 5.0. 4. Support for farmers' micro credit. 5. Support for non-farm jobs. + seed money. + seed money B. Infrastructure improvement. 1. Transportation. 50.0. 25.0. 25.0. 1980.1. 64.2. 64.2. 233.0. 64.2. 64.2. 64.2. + Inter-village road. 1490.3. + Inner-village road. 321.0. 25.0 809.4. 809.4. 745.2. 745.2. 64.2. 64.2. 25.0. 64.2. 32.1. 32.1. 64.2. 32.1. 32.1. 2. Irrigation + Thirdly canal. 168.8. C. Community building. 250.0. 250.0. 250.0. 50.0. 50.0. 150.0. 1. Community cultural center + Chairs, tables, equipment. 70.0. 70.0. 70.0. 14.0. 14.0. 42.0. + Playground. 70.0. 70.0. 70.0. 14.0. 14.0. 42.0. + Wall (fence). 30.0. 30.0. 30.0. 6.0. 6.0. 18.0 18.0. 2. 168.8. Kindergarten, creche + Kitchen. 30.0. 30.0. 30.0. 6.0. 6.0. + Kitchen's equipment. 10.0. 10.0. 10.0. 2.0. 2.0. 6.0. + Toilet. 40.0. 40.0. 40.0. 8.0. 8.0. 24.0. D. Living environment. 1250.0. 75.0. 1075.0. 100.0. 75.0. 15.0. 15.0. 45.0. 1. Kitchen improvement. 75.0. 22.5. 22.5. 30.0. 22.5. 4.5. 4.5. 13.5. 2. Semi-septic tank toilet. 100.0. 30.0. 30.0. 40.0. 30.0. 6.0. 6.0. 18.0. 3. Bathroom. 75.0. 22.5. 22.5. 30.0. 22.5. 4.5. 4.5. 13.5. 4. Concentrate drinking water supply. 1000.0. 1000.0.

(51) 47 TABLE: PROJECT COST ESTIMATION FOR GIUA VILLAGE, HIEN QUAN COMMUNE, TAM NONG DISTRICT (Divided by investment years and capital sources) No. Project items. Year 2008 Total. Total project cost. Year 2009. Government Community. MAF. Total. Government Community. MAF. 1381.2. 361.3. 273.1. 746.9. 333.0. 136.5. 102.7. 93.8. Percentage of capital (%). 100.0. 26.2. 19.8. 54.1. 100.0. 41.0. 30.8. 28.2. A. Income generation. 242.0. 14.2. 26.0. 201.9. 1. Support paddy varieties 16.8. 5.6. 5.6. 5.6. + Embank 170m of edge. 42.8. 8.6. 12.9. 21.4. + Build 1 drainage sluice. 15.0. 7.5. 7.5. 33.8. + Spring crop + Summer-autumn crop 2. 3. Support for converting into aquaculture. Support for animal husbandry development + Train technical staff + Support salary for first year + Support poor households to by hybrid cow breeds. 4. Support for farmers' micro credit. 5. Support for non-farm jobs. + seed money + Invite trainers for carpenter training + Organize training course for carpenter job + seed money B. Infrastructure improvement. 1. Transportation. 2.4. 2.4. 45.0. 45.0. 80.0. 80.0. 10.0. 10.0. 5.0. 5.0. 25.0. 25.0. 64.2. 32.1. 32.1. 233.0. 116.5. 82.7. 64.2. 32.1. 32.1. 64.2. 32.1. 32.1. 168.8. 84.4. 50.6. 33.8. + Inter-village road + Inner-village road 2. Irrigation. C. Community building. 1. Community cultural center. + Thirdly canal. + Chairs, tables, equipment + Playground + Wall (fence) 2. Kindergarten, creche + Kitchen + Kitchen's equipment + Toilet. D. Living environment. 1075.0. 315.0. 215.0. 545.0. 100.0. 20.0. 20.0. 60.0. 1. Kitchen improvement. 22.5. 4.5. 4.5. 13.5. 30.0. 6.0. 6.0. 18.0. 2. Semi-septic tank toilet. 30.0. 6.0. 6.0. 18.0. 40.0. 8.0. 8.0. 24.0. 3. Bathroom. 22.5. 4.5. 4.5. 13.5. 30.0. 6.0. 6.0. 18.0. 4. Concentrate drinking water supply. 1000.0. 300.0. 200.0. 500.0.

(52) 48 TABLE: PROJECT COST ESTIMATION FOR GIUA VILLAGE, HIEN QUAN COMMUNE, TAM NONG DISTRICT (Divided by investment years and capital sources) No. Project items. Year 2010 Total. Year 2011. Government Community. MAF. Total. Government Community. MAF. Total project cost. 809.4. 404.7. 181.1. 223.5. 809.4. 404.7. 181.1. 223.5. Percentage of capital (%). 100.0. 50.0. 22.4. 27.6. 100.0. 50.0. 22.4. 27.6. 809.4. 404.7. 181.1. 223.5. 809.4. 404.7. 181.1. 223.5. + Inter-village road. 745.2. 372.6. 149.0. 223.5. 745.2. 372.6. 149.0. 223.5. + Inner-village road. 64.2. 32.1. 32.1. 64.2. 32.1. 32.1. A. Income generation. 1. Support paddy varieties + Spring crop + Summer-autumn crop. 2. Support for converting into aquaculture + Embank 170m of edge + Build 1 drainage sluice. 3. Support for animal husbandry development + Train technical staff + Support salary for first year + Support poor households to by hybrid cow breeds. 4. Support for farmers' micro credit. 5. Support for non-farm jobs. + seed money + Invite trainers for carpenter training + Organize training course for carpenter job + seed money B. Infrastructure improvement. 1. Transportation. 2. Irrigation. C. Community building. 1. Community cultural center. + Thirdly canal. + Chairs, tables, equipment + Playground + Wall (fence) 2. Kindergarten, creche + Kitchen + Kitchen's equipment + Toilet. D. Living environment. 1. Kitchen improvement. 2. Semi-septic tank toilet. 3. Bathroom. 4. Concentrate drinking water supply.