통계로 본 한국농업의 국제비교 연구

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(1)기타연구보고 M 105 | 2010. 11.. 통계로 본 한국농업의 국제비교 연구 김경필 연구위원 장 도 환 초청연구원.

(2) 연구 담당 김경필 장도환. 연구위원 초청연구원. 연구 총괄 자료 수집 및 집필.

(3) i. 머 리 말 농산물 시장의 개방화가 진전됨에 따라 세계 각국의 농업 여건은 더욱 상호 밀접하게 연관되어 가고 있다. 더불어 최근 FTA 체결이 확대되면서 상대국의 농업․농촌에 대한 통계정보 수요가 증대되고 있다. 이러한 수요에 부합하고자 농림부에서는 매년 「통계로 보는 세계 속에 한국농업」을 발간하여 왔다. 이 연구는 생산 관련 통계위주의 기존 자료집에서 농업 관련 통계지표를 다 양하게 확대하고 체계화 하였다. 연구를 위한 통계 자료집의 성격보다는 세계 속의 한국농업의 위상을 파악할 수 있도록 정리하였다. 또한 주요지표 위주로 과거 10년간의 변화를 살펴봄으로써 농업의 구조변화를 비교하였다. 더욱 이용 도 높은 통계자료를 발간하기 위해 농림부 각 실국의 통계 수요를 조사하였으 며, 자료 수집과정에서 파악한 해외농업 통계자료 출처를 정리함으로써 사용자 로 하여금 쉽게 자료를 얻을 수 있도록 하였다. 국별로 농산물의 특성들이 차이 가 있기 때문에 동질의 농산물로 가정한 직접적인 비교가 큰 의미를 갖지 못하 는 경우도 있으나 해외 각 기관에서 발표하는 자료를 기초로 하였기 때문에 일 관성이 있을 것으로 생각된다. 이 보고서가 전반적인 국별 비교를 통해 한국 농업을 이해하고 위상을 살펴 볼 수 있는 자료로 널리 활용되기를 바란다. 2010. 11.. 한국농촌경제연구원장 오 세 익.

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(5) iii. 요 약 이 연구는 매년 농림부에서 발간해 오던 「통계로 본 세계 속의 한국농업」을 개편하여 해외 농업․농촌 통계를 종합적이고 체계적으로 정리하였다. 기존의 발간물은 농업생산관련 지표 위주로 제한되고 단순 나열하였으며, 단편적인 자 료나 산재되어 있는 해외 통계자료들은 이용자들이 필요에 따라 여러 통계자 료를 매번 검색하는 불편함이 있었다. 인터넷과 통계집 검색을 통하여 해외 농업통계를 체계화하기 위해 총량지표, 생산요소 지표, 생산 지표, 수출입지표, 그리고 소비 및 가격 지표로 구분하였 다. 각 지표군에는 국제 농업을 비교할 수 있는 세부 지표들로 구성되어 있다. 총량지표는 농업 GDP, 농업부문 보조금, 정부지출액 등으로 세분하였다. 생 산지표는 주요 품목별 생산량과, 재배면적, 단수를, 그리고 축산부문에서는 사 육 및 도축두수, 생산량, 그리고 도축 중량 등으로 구성하였다. 생산요소지표에 는 기본적인 농가인구, 경지면적 외에도 농업과 관련된 농업용수, 농기계, 비 료, 자본액 등의 지표를 정리하였다. 또한 유기농업과 관련된 지표 역시 생산요 소지표에 포함시켰다. 수출입지표는 주요 품목들의 수출입액과, 수출입량, 수 출입 단가로 구성하였으며, 농수산물유통공사의 자료를 사용하여 국내 수출입 을 국가별로 정리하여 교역 대상국의 비중을 파악할 수 있도록 하였다. 소비 및 가격지표에서는 주요 품목별 총 소비량 자료와 함께 1인당 식품공급량 자료 를 지표로서 활용하였으며, 생산자 가격과 소비자 가격을 포함하였다. 제1장에서는 연구의 필요성과 목적, 방법과 범위 등을 명시하였으며, 제2장 에서는 농업관련지표들의 구분과 정의에 대해 간단하게 설명하였다. 제3장에 서는 수요자들이 보다 쉽게 한국 농업의 위치를 확인하고 농업의 구조변화를 확인할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 주요 지표들에 대한 시계열 자료를 시각화 하였 다. 주요 지표들에 대해 최근 10년간 한국 자료, 세계 총량 자료, 그리고 상위 3개국 자료를 포함하였다. 제4장에서는 2장의 농업통계지표 구분에 따라 세부 지표들에 대한 국제 비교표를 제시하였다. 마지막으로 제5장에서는 시계열 자.

(6) iv. 료나 다른 농업관련 지표들의 통계가 필요한 이용자들을 위해 본 연구 진행과 정에서 검색한 해외농업통계 데이터베이스를 정리하였다..

(7) v ABSTRACT. A Comparative Study of Korean Agriculture based on International Agricultural Statistics. The purpose of this study was to expand and systemize statistical indexes to find the state of Korean agriculture in the world. Although there were many studies or documents on international agricultural statistics, most of them focused on agricultural production data and simply presented them. In order to systemize international agricultural statistics, we classified them into 5 categories which are aggregate index, production index, trade index, and consumption and price index. Each group has detailed indexes. Several indexes like government support and expenditure for agriculture were introduced to meet new statistical demand. In particular, agricultural trade data were basically summarized using FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization) database and Korean agricultural imports and exports were classified by major counter parts using Korea Agro-Fisheries Trade Corporation(aT) database. It helps to find the state of Korea in world market and the route of its imports and exports. This study was divided into five chapters. Chapter 1, as an introduction part, gave the problem statement, objectives and the scope of this study. In chapter 2, the classification and definitions of agricultural statistic indexes were explained. Chapter 3 covered the summary of each index and its long term change(10years). In this chapter, each classified index was visualized using a graph and compared Korea with world and top three countries. Chapter 4 gave detailed agricultural statistical indexes classified in chapter 2. Finally, the sources and contents of international agricultural statistic database were presented for users requiring time-series data and other indexes. Researchers: Kyung phil Kim, Do Hwan Jang Research period: 2010. 6. - 2010. 11. E-mail address: kkphil@krei.re.kr, zzangdh@krei.re.kr.

(8) vii 차. 례. 제1장 서론 1. 연구 필요성과 목적 ····················································································· 1 2. 연구 방법과 범위 ························································································· 2 3. 선행 연구 ······································································································ 3 제2장 세계 각국 농업 비교를 위한 지표 1. 농업 관련 지표의 구분 ················································································ 5 2. 주요 지표의 정의 및 설명 ·········································································· 7 제3장 주요 지표로 본 한국 농업의 위상 1. 농업 거시 지표 ··························································································· 11 ▪ 농림어업 GDP ················································································································ 11 ▪ 농업 예산 ························································································································ 12 ▪ 농업 보조금 ···················································································································· 13 ▪ PSE & TSE ···················································································································· 14 ▪ 농가인구 ························································································································· 15 ▪ 경지면적 ························································································································· 16 ▪ 1인당 경지면적 ·············································································································· 17 ▪ 농업용수 사용량 ············································································································ 18 ▪ 유기농업 면적 ················································································································ 19. 2. 생산 지표 ···································································································· 20 ▪ 쌀 생산량 ························································································································ 20 ▪ 고추 생산량 ···················································································································· 21 ▪ 마늘 생산량 ···················································································································· 22 ▪ 파 생산량 ························································································································ 23 ▪ 양파 생산량 ···················································································································· 24 ▪ 사과 생산량 ···················································································································· 25 ▪ 배 생산량 ························································································································ 26.

(9) viii. ▪ 포도 생산량 ···················································································································· 27 ▪ 쇠고기 생산량 ················································································································ 28 ▪ 돼지고기 생산량 ············································································································ 29 ▪ 닭고기 생산량 ················································································································ 30. 3. 수출입 지표 ································································································· 31 ▪ 총 농축산물 수출액 ······································································································· 31 ▪ 총 농축산물 수입액 ······································································································· 32 ▪ 농축산물 무역수지 ········································································································· 33 ▪ 고추 수출액 ···················································································································· 34 ▪ 배 수출액 ························································································································ 35 ▪ 돼지고기 수출액 ············································································································ 36 ▪ 밀 수입액 ························································································································ 37 ▪ 대두 수입액 ···················································································································· 38 ▪ 옥수수 수입액 ················································································································ 39 ▪ 고추 수입액 ···················································································································· 40 ▪ 마늘 수입액 ···················································································································· 41 ▪ 양파 수입액 ···················································································································· 42 ▪ 참깨 수입액 ···················································································································· 43 ▪ 포도 수입액 ···················································································································· 44 ▪ 오렌지 수입액 ················································································································ 45 ▪ 쇠고기 수입액 ················································································································ 46 ▪ 돼지고기 수입액 ············································································································ 47 ▪ 닭고기 수입액 ················································································································ 48. 4. 소비 지표 ···································································································· 49 ▪ 쌀 식품공급량 ················································································································ 49 ▪ 사과 식품공급량 ············································································································ 50 ▪ 포도 식품공급량 ············································································································ 51 ▪ 토마토 식품공급량 ········································································································· 52 ▪ 쇠고기 식품공급량 ········································································································· 53 ▪ 돼지고기 식품공급량 ····································································································· 54.

(10) ix. 제4장 세부 지표로 본 세계 속의 한국 농업 1. 농업 거시 지표 ··························································································· 59. 1-1. GDP ·················································································································· 59 ▪ 농림어업 GDP, 총 GDP 대비 비율 ············································································ 59 ▪ 주요국 농림어업 GDP 변화 ························································································· 60 1-2. 농업 예산 ········································································································· 61 ▪ 미국 농업 예산 ·············································································································· 61 ▪ EU 농업 예산 ················································································································ 63 ▪ 일본 농업 예산 ·············································································································· 64 ▪ 한국 농업 예산 ·············································································································· 65 1-3. 보조금 ··············································································································· 66 ▪ 총 농업생산액, 농업보조금, 고정직불금 ····································································· 66 ▪ PSE & TSE ···················································································································· 67 1-4. 인 구 ················································································································ 68 ▪ 총인구, 농촌인구, 농가인구 ························································································· 68 ▪ 주요국 농촌인구 및 농가인구 변화 ············································································ 69 1-5. 면 적 ················································································································ 70 ▪ 국토면적, 경지면적, 1인당 경지면적 ·········································································· 70 ▪ 주요국 경지면적 및 1인당 경지면적 변화 ································································· 71 1-6. 농업자본 ··········································································································· 72 ▪ 농업자본액, 자본액 구성 ······························································································ 72 1-7. 농업임금 ··········································································································· 73 ▪ 농업 노동자 임금 ·········································································································· 73 1-8. 농업용수 ··········································································································· 74 ▪ 농업용수 사용량, ha당 농업용수 사용량 ···································································· 74 1-9. 농자재 ··············································································································· 75 ▪ 비료 사용량, 트랙터 보유대수 ····················································································· 75 1-10. 유기농업 ········································································································· 76 ▪ 유기농업 면적, 유기농업 농가수 ················································································· 76.