University of Hawaii at Manoa
Enrollments in Languages Other Than English in
US Institutions of Higher Education, Fall 2013, 2016
While total enrollments in languages
other than English decreased by 6.7%
between 2009 and 2013, several
language saw increasing enrollments
(e.g., Korean 44.7%, ASL 19.0%,
Portuguese 10.1%, & Chinese 2.0%).
Total enrollments in languages other
than English dropped by 9.2%
between fall 2013 and fall 2016. In fall
2016, two of the fifteen most
commonly taught languages showed
increases in enrollments. Japanese
enrollments increased by 3.1% and
Korean enrollments increased by
13.7%, from 2013 to 2016. The growth
for Korean is particularly impressive
when taking the long view: in the first
MLA census, in 1958, 26 enrollments
were reported for Korean.
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 1960 1965 1970 1974 1980 1986 1990 1995 1998 2002 2006 2009 2013 2016
Korean Enrollment in US
Year Enrollment 1960 0 1965 82 1970 0 1974 87 1980 365 1986 875 1990 2,375 1995 3,343 1998 4,479 2002 5,211 2006 7,146 2009 8,449 2013 12,256 2016 13,936Korean Classes in the U.S. – MLA 1958-2016
https://www.mla.org/flsurvey_search
Number of Students
87 660 2375 5211 8449 12256 13936 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 1974 1983 1990 2002 2009 2013 2016 659% 260% 62% 45% 14% 119%Number of Institutions
8 22 50 91 135 154 162 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 1974 1983 1990 2002 2009 2013 2016 175% 127% 82% 48% 14% 5%Institution-Students Ratio
87 660 2375 5211 8449 12256 13936 8 22 50 91 135 154 162 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 1974 1983 1990 2002 2009 2013 2016 1:30 1:47 1:57 1:63 1:86 1:11 1:79Major Factors for Increased Enrollment
q
Korean pop culture
q
Korean economy
q
Geopolitical status of Korea
q
Institution-specific factors
§
curriculum development
§
creation of Korean studies
§
community-based initiation
Notable Changes
(Hye-Sook Wang, 2015)q
Enrollment increases across
schools
q
The largest increase in 1
stYear
courses
§
Increase of NHL and decrease of
HL in 1
styear classes
§
Increase of Chinese international
students and other students of
Asian backgrounds among NHL
q
Increase of low-proficiency HL
learners or 3
rdgeneration
Koreans in the picture
q
Diversifying HL learner
Degree-Non degree Ratio
87 660 2375 5211 8449 12256 13936 17 27 52 58 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 1974 1983 1990 2002 2009 2013 2016 1:307 1:313 1:240 1:2352009
2013
2016
Korean
Student / Inst 8,449 / 135 12,256 / 154 13,936 / 162 Major / Inst 27 / 5 52 / 6 58 / 6 1:313 / 1:27 1:236 / 1:26 1:240 / 1:27 Japanese Student / Inst 72,359 / 711 66,740 / 706 68,810 / 680 Major / Inst 722 / 67 899 / 76 742 / 77 1:100 / 1:11 1:74 / 1:9 1:93 / 1:9 Chinese Student / Inst 59,876 / 782 61,055 / 866 53,069 / 794 Major / Inst 514 / 60 706 / 75 648 / 84 1:116 / 1:13 1:86 / 1:12 1:82 / 1:9Strengthening K-16 Articulation
Improve unstable/ fluctuated enrollment and low retention rate Upgrading the curriculum and instruction for community schools
Advanced language teaching as an integral component of Korean Studies with content courses covering essential cultural areas of Korea-related humanities and social sciences
Many more professorial positions for faculty engaged in Korean language teaching and research on a equal basis with all other disciplinary fields
More universities with degree programs and/or professional training programs Program innovation to include superior-level language and culture training
