– Clearance and rehousing for many
III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment
22
24 There is no disagreement
There is no disagreement
residents are entitled to make decisions for housing
residents are entitled to make decisions for housing redevelopment redevelopment in their deteriorated areas.
in their deteriorated areas.
Literal definition of residents includes Literal definition of residents includes
owners and tenants, regardless of who owns the buildin
owners and tenants, regardless of who owns the buildings and land.gs and land.
But, many people have doubts about the fact But, many people have doubts about the fact
tenants have a right to choose the change of the curr
tenants have a right to choose the change of the current residence. ent residence.
It produces various forms of disputes It produces various forms of disputes
about how to get the best result for tenant about how to get the best result for tenants. s.
2.
2. Institutional Changes in Treatment of TenantsInstitutional Changes in Treatment of Tenants
III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment
Treatment of tenants has been varied by Treatment of tenants has been varied by
social perception on the welfare aspect of low
social perception on the welfare aspect of low--income households.income households.
In the early stage, it was a form of charity from ind In the early stage, it was a form of charity from individualsividuals Later it has been understood as a protection scheme.
Later it has been understood as a protection scheme.
The first measure for tenant treatment was announced in 1986.
The first measure for tenant treatment was announced in 1986.
The payment of housing costs for two months to tenants The payment of housing costs for two months to tenants
living in the sites longer than one month living in the sites longer than one month after the development decision was announce
after the development decision was announced officially d officially from the local government.
from the local government.
The housing costs were based The housing costs were based
on the average household expenditure of urb
on the average household expenditure of urban workers.an workers.
III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment
26 In 1987, another option was added
In 1987, another option was added
the right to purchase one room of small
the right to purchase one room of small--sized apartment sized apartment
The right of one room was not enough The right of one room was not enough
to be an owner since possession of three of them was
to be an owner since possession of three of them was necessary necessary for housing purchase.
for housing purchase.
Not fully effective to the resettlement of tenants Not fully effective to the resettlement of tenants
since they had poor financial abilities since they had poor financial abilities since they sold their right to investors f
since they sold their right to investors for capital gains. or capital gains.
III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment
In 1988, another option for tenants was prepared In 1988, another option for tenants was prepared
to minimize social problems to minimize social problems
associated with sale of the right of one ro associated with sale of the right of one roomom A right to purchase a small apartment of 7
A right to purchase a small apartment of 7 pyongpyong(23(23m2)) for exclusive use.
for exclusive use.
In 1989, the governmental policy for tenants was totally changed In 1989, the governmental policy for tenants was totally changed
Permanent Rental Housing provision of 7
Permanent Rental Housing provision of 7--12 12 pyongpyong (23-(23-4040m2)) for exclusive use.
for exclusive use.
The Permanent Rental Housing Units are The Permanent Rental Housing Units are
constructed by cooperatives of housing redevelopment constructed by cooperatives of housing redevelopment,, purchased by the Seoul Metropolitan Government purchased by the Seoul Metropolitan Government
III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment
28 The price of Permanent Rental Housing units was under the market
The price of Permanent Rental Housing units was under the marketvaluevalue since it was based on the standard construction costs
since it was based on the standard construction costsfor small for small houses, which was established by the government.
houses, which was established by the government.
The scheme of providing Permanent Rental Housing to tenants had The scheme of providing Permanent Rental Housing to tenants had
Merits in providing residential space for low
Merits in providing residential space for low--income households. income households.
It produced project financial problems It produced project financial problems
Since there was little assistance for the l
Since there was little assistance for the local governments to ocal governments to purchase the units.
purchase the units.
Hence, the housing redevelopment fund of Seoul city w
Hence, the housing redevelopment fund of Seoul city was exhausted.as exhausted.
It was a turning point for the Seoul city It was a turning point for the Seoul city
to raise necessity of rental housing management to raise necessity of rental housing management to establish the Comprehensive Plan of Housing Redeve to establish the Comprehensive Plan of Housing Redevelopmentlopment
III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment
3. 3. Compulsory Ratio of SmallCompulsory Ratio of Small--sized Housing Constructionsized Housing Construction
III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment
HR and REI for multi
HR and REI for multi--family housing construction are required family housing construction are required to construct small
to construct small--sized housing unitssized housing units
for the residential improvement of deterio
for the residential improvement of deteriorated areas.rated areas.
for the low
for the low--income residents. income residents.
This requirement has dual aspects This requirement has dual aspects
Merits: Reflecting housing demand of the areas Merits: Reflecting housing demand of the areas Demerits: Concentration of small
Demerits: Concentration of small--sized housing units sized housing units Stigmatized as low
Stigmatized as low--income residences.income residences.
The compulsory ratio of CHR The compulsory ratio of CHR
Houses of less than 25.7
Houses of less than 25.7 pyongpyong(85m(85 2) should be more than 80%. ) should be more than 80%.
Houses of less than 18
Houses of less than 18 pyongpyong(60m(60 2) should be more than 40%.) should be more than 40%.
The compulsory ratio of REI The compulsory ratio of REI
Houses of less than 25.7
Houses of less than 25.7 pyongpyong(85m(85m22) should be more than 90%.) should be more than 90%.
The compulsory ratio of MHR The compulsory ratio of MHR
30 Current housing redevelopment mainly produced multi
Current housing redevelopment mainly produced multi--family housing family housing for the efficient land use
for the efficient land use
for the problem solving of quantitative housing short for the problem solving of quantitative housing shortage. age.
The planning aspect of urban residential redevelopment The planning aspect of urban residential redevelopment has concentrated on the physical improvement has concentrated on the physical improvement has ignored creation of comfortable and
has ignored creation of comfortable and livablelivableenvironment.environment.
Because of main interests in the housing provision, Because of main interests in the housing provision, community facility installation and public facility construction community facility installation and public facility constructionare left are left
to the satisfaction of the legal minimum level of ins to the satisfaction of the legal minimum level of installationtallation It is not paid attention to socio
It is not paid attention to socio--economic aspects of redevelopment.economic aspects of redevelopment.
4. 4. Unsolved Task : CommunityUnsolved Task : Community--Based Housing RenewalBased Housing Renewal
III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment
As a result of housing redevelopment, As a result of housing redevelopment,
previously existing unique characteristics are disapp previously existing unique characteristics are disappeared eared
after urban residential redevelopment after urban residential redevelopment construction of newly developed buildings has a tende construction of newly developed buildings has a tendency ncy
to show unbalances with the surroundings.
to show unbalances with the surroundings.
Community Sphere of Influence Current Site
Planning Area Planning Area
Reflection of tenants’
demand Minimum Facilities
Facility Level Facility Level
Community and Public Facilities Housing Provision
Construction Object Construction Object
Comfortable Environment Physical Environment
Construction Planning Aspect
Planning Aspect
Single-Family Detached House Multi-family development
concentration Housing Type
Housing Type
Neglect Aspect Neglect Aspect Main Interests
Main Interests
<Table 2> Main Interests and Neglect in Housing Redevelopment
<Table 2> Main Interests and Neglect in Housing Redevelopment
III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment III. Historical Development of Problem Solving for Redevelopment
32
1. Urban and Residential Environment Improvement Law 1. Urban and Residential Environment Improvement Law The law was enacted in 2002 and is effective in 2003.
The law was enacted in 2002 and is effective in 2003.
Unifies commercial and residential renewal programs in Unifies commercial and residential renewal programs inone. one.
Puts three different redevelopment programs operated u Puts three different redevelopment programs operated under nder
individual laws into one legislation.
individual laws into one legislation.
This is one of structural problems of the law This is one of structural problems of the law
since three different housing programs have been opera
since three different housing programs have been operated by their ted by their unique legal base, operation body, and operation manne
unique legal base, operation body, and operation manners. rs.
The consolidated law is composed of The consolidated law is composed of
urban and residential environment improvement programs urban and residential environment improvement programs. . The former includes
The former includes
central city redevelopment, central city redevelopment, industry redevelopment, industry redevelopment,
The latter is for REI, HR(including CHR), and MHR.
The latter is for REI, HR(including CHR), and MHR.