Government overnment- -led Demolition and Redevelopment Policy led Demolition and Redevelopment Policy (from 1950 to early 1970) ( from 1950 to early 1970)

88

KRIHS

8

„ „ Activation, Local Improvement and Activation, Local Improvement and

Self- Self -redevelopment (from 1967 to mid 1970 redevelopment (from 1967 to mid 1970’ ’s) s) - - Activation, Local improvement(1967- Activation, Local improvement(1967 -1974) 1974)

- - Self- Self -Redevelopment and Redevelopment based on Loan Redevelopment and Redevelopment based on Loan (1973

(1973- -1982) 1982)

•

• Upgrade the illegally constructed poor residential Upgrade the illegally constructed poor residential environment

environment

• • Achieved some positive results, stabilizing the residential Achieved some positive results, stabilizing the residential environment

environment

•

• Proper public facilities were not secured Proper public facilities were not secured

• • No changes in the basic government policy on urban squatter No changes in the basic government policy on urban squatter

-- Continuous efforts were made, but illegal housing kept Continuous efforts were made, but illegal housing kept showing up

showing up

- - The era features the government The era features the government- -led projects led projects - - No system to adjust the conflict among residents No system to adjust the conflict among residents

-- Temporary responses from the residents Temporary responses from the residents

-- Civil society was immature, the government came up with Civil society was immature, the government came up with

policies on its own and no influence form civil organization

policies on its own and no influence form civil organization

1010

KRIHS

10

„ „ Promotion P romotion of the market- of the market -led Redevelopment led Redevelopment and Formation of Residential Movement(1983

and Formation of Residential Movement(1983- -1987) 1987)

-- HR (Housing Redevelopment, from 1983) HR (Housing Redevelopment, from 1983)

• •

Potential value of outskirts area grow, more pressure to development Potential value of outskirts area grow, more pressure to development

••Resettlements ratio was very low, people who originally lived Resettlements ratio was very low, people who originally lived in the area moved out after selling their tickets

in the area moved out after selling their tickets

••A problem of collapse of the existing community emergedA problem of collapse of the existing community emerged

-- Introduction of RA (Reconstruction of apartment) Introduction of RA (Reconstruction of apartment)

• •

It was used to upgrade the housing facilities in Apt. ComplexIt was used to upgrade the housing facilities in Apt. Complex

•

•Redevelopment accounted 10% of total housing supply marketRedevelopment accounted 10% of total housing supply market (HD 3%, RA 7%, 1995

(HD 3%, RA 7%, 1995--2000)2000)

-- Relations between the government and residents Relations between the government and residents

• • The main request was coming up with measures for tenants, The main request was coming up with measures for tenants, but no active measures were suggested

but no active measures were suggested

• • Government didn’ Government didn ’t intervene other than giving approval of the t intervene other than giving approval of the projects

projects

•

• Demolition was carried out on a continuous basis, the more Demolition was carried out on a continuous basis, the more systematic and organized responses came from the residents systematic and organized responses came from the residents

• • Religious circles and students started to show interest Religious circles and students started to show interest

- - Side effects of market- Side effects of market -driven development driven development

• • HR association and construction firm focused on profit generation HR association and construction firm focused on profit generati on

•

• Government focused on the physical changes of the area Government focused on the physical changes of the area

• • Opinions of residents and local communities were not reflected Opinions of residents and local communities were not reflected

1212

KRIHS

12

-- Introduction of the REI (1989) Introduction of the REI (1989)

• • Focused on improved residential environment rather than Focused on improved residential environment rather than profitability

profitability

• • SII, MHC SII, MHC

• • Residential area improvement plan is required Residential area improvement plan is required

• • Socio economic redevelopment concept was introduced Socio economic redevelopment concept was introduced

• • The act was in force during a limited period(until 1999) The act was in force during a limited period(until 1999)

•

• However, profitability was still important, development However, profitability was still important, development profits were distributed unevenly

profits were distributed unevenly

„ „ Emergence of REI and Organization of Residential Emergence of REI and Organization of Residential Movement (from 1987 to mid 1990)

Movement (from 1987 to mid 1990)

z z Measures M easures for Tenants for Tenants

1970-1970-early 1980searly 1980s No actions were taken for the tenantsNo actions were taken for the tenants 19851985 Single room or funding to get a placeSingle room or funding to get a place 19861986 Housing allowances for two monthsHousing allowances for two months 19871987 Option of purchase right ticket for single Option of purchase right ticket for single

Room or Housing allowance for two months Room or Housing allowance for two months 1989.1

1989.1 Housing allowance for three monthsHousing allowance for three months 1989.5

1989.5 Choices between the public rental housing or Choices between the public rental housing or housing allowance

housing allowance

- - These changes reflected the residents movement These changes reflected the residents movement

- - Formation of civil org. Formation of civil org.

1414

KRIHS

14

-- Movement related demolition started to form in late 1980 Movement related demolition started to form in late 1980’ ’s s

• • Coalition of Crumbly man in Seoul (CCMS, 1987) Coalition of Crumbly man in Seoul (CCMS, 1987)

• • Citizen Citizen’ ’s Coalition for Economic Justice (1990) s Coalition for Economic Justice (1990)

• • National Association of people Living in the area to be National Association of people Living in the area to be Demolished (1994)

Demolished (1994)

- - Movement focused Long- Movement focused Long -term housing right term housing right

• • A committee participated by CCMS, residents association, A committee participated by CCMS, residents association, religious circle, academic and political circles propose a spe religious circle, academic and political circles propose a special cial law on MRI

law on MRI

„ „ Formation of Movement regard to the demolition Formation of Movement regard to the demolition

-- Reinforced urban planning management for MRI (1998) Reinforced urban planning management for MRI (1998)

•

• Making the standards for FAR in HR and RA areas Making the standards for FAR in HR and RA areas

(Prevent overloading the infrastructure in the city) (Prevent overloading the infrastructure in the city)

• • Improve the role of the local government for MRI Improve the role of the local government for MRI

„ „ Enactment of the Act on the Improvement of Urban Enactment of the Act on the Improvement of Urban

Movement and Increased Role of the Civil Org. (since late 19 Movement and Increased Role of the Civil Org. (since late 1990s) 90s)

- - Enactment of the Act on the Improvement of Urban Housing(2002) Enactment of the Act on the Improvement of Urban Housing(2002)

• • HR, RA,REI were integrated into a single act HR, RA,REI were integrated into a single act

• • Residential area improvement plan is required Residential area improvement plan is required

•

• Establishment comprehensive urban management system Establishment comprehensive urban management system

•

• Protect of residents’ Protect of residents ’ right right

1616

KRIHS

16

--

The launch of Participatory Neighborhood Planning (PNP) The launch of Participatory Neighborhood Planning (PNP)

••Achieving small-Achieving small-scale improvementscale improvement --upgrading pathways, demolishing fencesupgrading pathways, demolishing fences

--creating safety school zonescreating safety school zones

••Unsustainable movement, voluntary base, no economic interestUnsustainable movement, voluntary base, no economic interest

••Recovering sense of community is another goalRecovering sense of community is another goal

•

•Local Agenda 21 Local Agenda 21

- -

Active involvement of civil Org. in Housing MovementActive involvement of civil Org. in Housing Movement

•

•Citizen’Citizen’s for Decent Housing(2001)s for Decent Housing(2001)

••Urban Reform Center of CCEJ(1997)Urban Reform Center of CCEJ(1997)

••Citizen’Citizen’s Solidarity fors Solidarity forWalkableWalkableand Sustainable City(1994)and Sustainable City(1994)

•

•Confederation Conference of the Religious and Civil Organization(2002)Confederation Conference of the Religious and Civil Organization(2002)

-- Limits Limits

• • Voluntary basis without public support Voluntary basis without public support

• • Highly influenced by active leader Highly influenced by active leader

• • Difficulty of maintaining the organization Difficulty of maintaining the organization

• • CDC of USA could be a alternative model CDC of USA could be a alternative model

1818

KRIHS

18

III. Changes in the Relationship between the Main Players III. Changes in the Relationship III. Changes in the Relationship between the Main Players between the Main Players

„

문서에서 REGENERATION POLICY IN THE UK (페이지 92-98)