부록 Ⅰ . 환 경영향 평가 대 상 축사 사업별 계획 현 황
<부록 표 1-1> 축사시설 유형별 조성계획 현황 항목강원도경기도경상남도경상북도 신축 증축 양성화<부록 표 1-1>의 계속 항목충청남도충청북도전라남도전라북도 신축 증축 양성화 자료: 환경영향평가정보지원시스템(EIASS), “소규모환경영향평가”, 검색일: 2022.7.1을 토대로 저자 작성.
부록 Ⅱ . 환 경영향 평가 대 상 축사 사업별 입지평 가 결과
<부록 표 2-1> 가금류 축사의 계획입지 분석 결과-전라남도 신증축사업 대상 구분12345678910111213141516171819 주거지 (취락지)A＜50m B50~200m●● C＞200m●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● 도로 지방도
A＜30m● B30~200m●●● C＞200m●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● 축사 간 거리
A＜100m●●●●● B100~200m●●● C200~500m●●●● D＞500m●●●●●●● 하천, 저수지
A＜30m●●●● B30~200m●●●●●● C＞200m●●●●●●●●● 농경지A내●●●●●●●●●●●●● B외●●●●●● 조류동시 센서스 조사지역
A내●●●●●●●● B외●●●●●●●●●●● 자료: 저자 작성.
<부록 표 2-2> 가금류 축사의 계획입지 분석 결과-전라남도 양성화사업 대상 구분1234567891011121314151617181920212223 주거지 (취락지)
A＜50m●● B50~200m●●●●● C＞200m●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● 도로 지방도
A＜30m●●● B30~200m●●●●●● C＞200m●●●●●●●●●●●●●● 축사 간 거리
A＜100m●●●●●●●●●● B100~200m●●●●● C200~500m●●●●●● D＞500m●● 하천, 저수지
A＜30m●●● B30~200m●●●●●●●●●●● C＞200m●●●●●●●●● 농경지A내●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● B외●●●● 조류동시 센서스 조사지역
A내●●●● B외●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● 자료: 저자 작성.
<부록 표 2-3> 가금류 축사의 계획입지 분석 결과-전라북도 신증축사업 대상 구분1234567891011 주거지 (취락지)
A＜50m B50~200m● C＞200m●●●●●●●●●● 도로 지방도
A＜30m● B30~200m●● C＞200m●●●●●●●● 축사 간 거리
A＜100m●●● B100~200m●●●● C200~500m●●●● D＞500m 하천, 저수지
A＜30m● B30~200m● C＞200m●●●●●●●●● 농경지A내●●●●●●●●● B외●● 조류동시 센서스 조사지역
A내● B외●●●●●●●●●● 자료: 저자 작성.
<부록 표 2-4> 가금류 축사의 계획입지 분석 결과-전라북도 양성화사업 대상 구분12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728 주거지 (취락지)
A＜50m● B50~200m●●● C＞200m●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● 도로 지방도
A＜30m●●●● B30~200m●●● C＞200m●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● 축사 간 거리
A＜100m●●●●●●●●●●●●●● B100~200m●●● C200~500m●●●●●●●●● D＞500m●● 하천, 저수지
A＜30m●●● B30~200m●●●●●●●● C＞200m●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● 농경지A내●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● B외●●●●●●●●●●● 조류동시 센서스 조사지역
A내 B외●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● 자료: 저자 작성.
Executive Summary
Ⅰ. Need and purpose of Research
❏ Since livestock infectious diseases can spread in and out of livestock facilities during the period from virus sampling to testing and confirmation, it is important to prevent them in advance. In order to prevent the diseases, countermeasures such as upgrading livestock breeding facilities and strengthening quarantine management are necessary, but in Korea, it is difficult to implement them due to problems such as a lack of finance and professional manpower in related ministries and local governments. Thus, planning a facility in a location that can prevent livestock infectious diseases should be reviewed first, and then, the facility installation and management plan should be carried out step by step. Regarding the environmental impact assessment system, one of the legal and institutional procedures for determining the location of livestock facilities, an environmental impact assessment of livestock farming project is carried out in accordance with standards such as the area of breeding facilities and the area of manure treatment facilities.
Until now, within the assessment system, the assessment and review of the location have been conducted with a focus on the odor impact on the surrounding fixed-temperature facilities and the preservation of water quality. Issues of the epidemic outbreak have not been considered.
However, planned locations for epidemic prevention need to be addressed within the environmental impact assessment system since, in the event of
a contagious livestock disease in livestock facilities, the possibility of contamination of water quality, air quality (odor), and soil cannot be ruled out due to carcass disposal by methods such as landfill, and a secondary epidemic may occur due to the airborne spread of the virus in the treatment facility
ㅇ Accordingly, this study aims to prepare an assessment plan that can reduce the possibility of the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases by inducing the establishment of an appropriate planned site for the prevention of livestock infectious diseases in the environmental impact assessment stage.
- To achieve the purpose of the task, this study includes an investigation of laws and regulations related to livestock disease location, an analysis of spatial characteristics of a (planned) location of livestock facilities, and an improvement plan for environmental impact assessment (draft).
Ⅱ. Livestock breeding facility location regulations and laws
❏ In the case of environmental impact assessment, in order to discuss the location of livestock facilities linked to the prevention of livestock infectious diseases, there is a need to identify and investigate the current status of related laws. As a result of the investigation, the「Livestock Industry Act」 and 「Act on the Prevention of Contagious Animal Diseases」
were identified as the main legal system. In the Acts, the contents of the site regulation, which address restrictions on distance from facilities and restrictions on permits, were confirmed. There were mainly matters such as distance standards for local roads, livestock-related facilities (e.g., feed factories, breeding stock farms, etc.) and existing livestock facilities, as
well as intensive quarantine management districts designated for 3 consecutive years. It was found that a significant portion was organized with a focus on poultry facilities. On the other hand, there was no information on the location of the bird simultaneous census zone, which is the main cause of the AI epidemic, and thus, there is a need to consider whether to include it as a regulated area through future research ㅇ Furthermore, in order to establish the location of livestock facilities and
systematic spatial management of facilities in relation to the prevention of livestock infectious diseases, identifying the status of ordinances of each local government and deriving improvement points are important.
As a result of verification, ordinances such as prevention of contagious livestock diseases and support for affected livestock farms have been enacted, but the contents on location were found to be lacking since the number of local governments subject to the ordinance was small, and the related contents consisted of the installation of disinfection facilities and compliance with the livestock numbers. On the other hand, regarding the livestock breeding restricted area ordinance under the「Act on the Management and Use of Livestock Excreta」, there are many local governments enacting ordinances, and many local governments categorize locations into all-partially restricted areas and quantitatively include the distances for each livestock type. Accordingly, there is a big difference from the epidemic-related ordinances. Considering this, it is necessary to prepare and distribute recommendations for location ordinances through joint research services between the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs such that many local governments can enact and improve the status of epidemic prevention- related ordinances.
Ⅲ. (Planned) location analysis of livestock breeding facilities
❏ The research target area, target livestock species, and infectious disease types were selected through an investigation on the current status of feedlot projects by region and livestock species, which were submitted for a small-scale environmental impact assessment for the past three years, and the current status of outbreaks of livestock infectious diseases in livestock farms nationwide. As a result of the investigation, in the case of new expansion projects that have been submitted for evaluation over the past three years, the number of target cases was highest in the order of Jeollanam-do＞Chungcheongnam-do＞Gangwon-do＞Jeollabuk-do. In the case of including the legalization of unauthorized barns, it was confirmed to be in the order of Jeollanam-do＞Chungcheongnam-do＞Jeollabuk-do
＞Gangwon-do. AI was confirmed to be dominant in the occurrence of livestock diseases over the past 3 years, and it is mainly distributed around the west coast. Thus, considering the frequency of outbreaks of livestock infectious diseases and the current status of damage, AI infectious diseases were selected as a research subject, and Jeollanam-do and Jeollabuk-do, which have a high number of poultry facility plans related to the disease, were selected as the target of investigation
ㅇ The study was conducted by partially supplementing and changing the analysis method of similar research cases to analyze the current status of the planned location. As a result of analysis, in the case of new expansion projects subject to environmental impact assessment, the absolute risk zone and risk zone ratio were lower than those of the legalization projects in terms of “residential area”, “road”, “distance between barns”, and “river/reservoir”. In the element of “bird simultaneous
census survey area”, the ratio of new expansion projects in the region was higher than that of legalization projects. When confined to the new extension evaluation projects, the ratio of safe zones for residential and road elements was high, and the ratio of safe zones for the distance between barns and river and reservoir elements was low.
❏ To analyze the probability of AI occurrence in poultry housing facilities, a location spatial analysis was performed targeting the locations of livestock facilities where AI was actually confirmed. As a result of confirming the accumulation of the evaluation factors of the absolute danger zone + danger zone conditions, AI occurrence frequency was found to be high within a radius of 3km from bird simultaneous census survey area, 200m from water systems, 500m from livestock facilities, and in farmland condition. In relation to settlements, the frequency of occurrence tended to be low. In particular, the separation distance between livestock facilities was found to be an important factor because the frequency of AI occurrence was very high in conditions within 100 m from livestock facilities. When comprehensively analyzing the location characteristics of barns by accumulating evaluation indicators for each element, bird simultaneous census survey area and aquatic spatial elements are interpreted as direct causes of AI occurrence, followed by barn and farmland. Moreover, as a result of confirming the weighted result by scoring each of the six location evaluation factors, about 46.4% of livestock facilities scored 3 points or more out of a total score of 6, and thus, it was expected that infectious disease outbreaks are aggravated by complex factors rather than single factors. However, only the location was evaluated due to the nature of this study, and thus, there is a need to
consider the modernization and deterioration of each livestock facility, and the level of quarantine measures in order to diagnose more specific causes in the future
Ⅳ. Environmental impact assessment improvement plan for livestock breeding facilities (environmental impact assessment report preparation and review manual improvement (draft))
❏ In order to reflect the above-mentioned research contents in the environmental impact assessment, the items and contents of the environmental impact assessment report and consultation opinions were investigated. Feasibility of location, land use, flora and fauna were suggested as evaluation items that can be linked to livestock epidemic prevention. In the case of the feasibility of the location, the location regulations in terms of preventing infectious diseases presented in the
「Livestock Industry Act」and「Act on the Prevention of Contagious Animal Diseases」and other habitats for migratory birds were suggested to be included in the priority review. As for the land use evaluation items, six evaluation factors were suggested to be comprehensively considered in establishing a planned location. In this respect, a method of inducing optimal site selection was presented. In the section on flora and fauna, it was suggested to establish an installation plan and management plan for reinforced livestock facilities to prevent the inflow and spread of contagious livestock diseases. For the above three evaluation items, a report (draft) was prepared to supplement the environmental impact assessment report preparation and review manual
Ⅴ. Conclusion and policy suggestions
❏ In this study, issues related to livestock infectious diseases that have not been considered in the environmental impact assessment system, were addressed. For the prevention of livestock infectious diseases in livestock facilities, the location-spatial characteristics of poultry housing facilities were investigated and analyzed with an emphasis. An improvement plan was proposed to prepare an environmental impact assessment report and review manual supplementation (draft) such that the contents of related research results can be appropriately reflected in the environmental impact assessment report. This is thought to be an effective method in terms of establishing a planned site for preventing livestock infectious diseases during the environmental impact assessment of the livestock facility construction project
❏ Furthermore, for the planned creation and reorganization of regional spatial unit livestock facilities within a narrow national territory, there is a need to prepare recommendations for location establishment under the supervision of the relevant ministries. It is necessary to induce this such that it can be reflected in the ordinance improvement of each local government. In particular, it is necessary to consider the situation where there are limitations in quarantine management as the current focus distribution area of poultry facilities corresponds to the migration route of migratory birds with a high probability of AI occurrence. In addition, the implementation of the livestock facility modernization project guideline system for the prevention of livestock infectious diseases was confirmed to be difficult due to reasons such as securing a site and
financial difficulties, and thus, considering the reality of the past, joint efforts with local governments and ministries are more necessary than individual farms alone
Source: Prepared by the authors.
<Figure 1> Research summary
Keywords: Livestock Breeding Facilities, Livestock Epidemics, Environmental Impact Assessment, Planned Site Construction
지민규 (연구책임) 연세대학교 환경공학 박사 한국환경연구원 연구위원(현) [email protected]
주요 연구실적
∙ 폐기물매립장 사업의 수환경 평가분야 개선방안 연구 (2021)
∙ 하천구역 내 친수시설물 입지 및 조성에 관한 환경영향평가 가이드라인 마련연구 (2020)
∙ 매립장 유래 미세플라스틱 관리방안 (2019)
유소미
한국환경연구원 연구원(현) [email protected]
이후승
한국환경연구원 연구위원(현) [email protected]