국외에서는 지오트레일이 활발하게 조성되어 운영되고 있는데, 지질공원 내의 지오트 레일보다는 비지질공원 지역의 사례를 중점적으로 살펴 았다. 지오트레일의 성격을 가지 고 있지만 명백히 지오트레일을 표시하지 않은 지역, 예를 들면, The Valley of the Moon(칠레), The World of Fire(아이슬란드), Mount Kinabalu, The island of Borneo(말레이시아), The Seven-colored Earth of Chamarel(모리셔스) 등의 지역 은 지오관광지로 보고,23) 지오트레일로 분류된 것들만 간략히 살펴보기로 한다.
가. 영국 스태퍼드셔 지오트레일 (Staffordshire Geo Trail)24)
❍ Staffordshire Geo Trail 개요
영국 Staffordshire에는 세 가지 Geo Trail이 있다.25) Staffordshire의 Geo Trail과 Geosite는 Geoconservion Staffordshire라는 단체에 의해 지정되고 모니터링이 된다.
Geoconservion Staffordshire는 세 가지 Geo Trail 각각에 대한 소개를 담은 리플릿을 만들었으며, 이 리플릿은 Geoconservion Staffordshire 홈페이지에서 다운로드하거나 지역 관광 안내소에서 무료로 제공받을 수 있다(그림 3-11 참조).
23) Dowling(2010) Geotourism's Global Growth. Geoheritage, Online 2010. Nov. 16 참조.
24) Geoconservion Staffordshire 홈페이지(http://srigs.staffs-ecology.org.uk/index.html).
25) Hamps and Manifold Geotrail, Churnet Valley Geotrail, Cannock Chase Geotrail.
자료: Geoconservion Staffordshire 홈페이지(http://srigs.staffs-ecology.org.uk/Geotrails /index.html).
<그림 3-11> 영국 Staffordshire의 Geo Trail
❍ Hamps and Manifold Geotrail
Hamps and Manifold Geotrail은 총 13km로 이루어져 있으며, 주요 코스는 Manifold Track, old Leek & Manifold Valley Light Railway line, Hulme End and Waterhouses이다(그림 3-12 참조).
자료: Geoconservion Staffordshire 홈페이지(http://srigs.staffs-ecology.org.uk/Geotrails/
HampsManifold/index.html).
<그림 3-12> Hamps and Manifold Geotrail 리플릿
❍ Churnet Valley Geotrail
Churnet Valley Geotrail은 탐방객에게 암석, 광물, 화석 등 지역의 지질유산을 가까 이에서 경험할 수 있도록 기회를 제공한다. 총 길이는 25km로 한 번에 모든 코스를 돌아보기는 어려울 수 있다. Churnet Valley Geotrail의 주요 탐방지는 Froghall Wharf, Oakamoor, Rambler’s Retreat, Hawksmoor Nature Reserve and Highshutt이다(그림 3-13 참조).
자료 : Geoconservion Staffordshire 홈페이지(http://srigs.staffs-ecology.org.uk/Geotrails/
Churnet/index.html).
<그림 3-13> Churnet Valley Geotrail 리플릿
❍ Cannock Chase Geotrail
Cannock Chase Geotrail 총 길이는 36km로 주요 탐방지는 car parks의 Satnall Hills, Glacial Boulder, Birches Valley Forest Centre, Castle Ring and Wolseley Centre이다(그림 3-14 참조).
자료: Geoconservion Staffordshire 홈페이지(http://srigs.staffs-ecology.org.uk/Geotrails/
Churnet/index.html).
<그림 3-14> Cannock Chase Geotrail 리플릿
나. 플리머스 대학교 캠퍼스 지오트레일 (Plymouth University : Campus Geo Trail)
영국 Plymouth 대학교는 캠퍼스 안의 상징적인 건물이나 캠퍼스 포장도로 등에 암석
을 활용하여 학생들이 지질학을 자연스럽게 공부할 수 있도록 Geo Trail을 만들었다(그 림 3-15 참조). Plymouth 대학교 캠퍼스 Geo Trail은 지질학 비전공자들이 쉽게 이해 할 수 있도록 과학적 용어와 지질학적 용어 및 암석의 지질학적 역사 등을 곳곳에 설명해 놓았다(표 3-2 참조).26)
자료: Plymouth University 홈페이지(https://www1.plymouth.ac.uk/sustainability community/Pages/Geo-Campus-Trail.aspx#).
<그림 3-15> Plymouth University : Campus Geo Trail 안내지도
26) Plymouth University 홈페이지(https://www1.plymouth.ac.uk/sustainability/community/
Pages/Geo-Campus-Trail.aspx#).
Location Source 1. Granite Pillars
- Drake's Place Park colonnade
·The source of the granite is uncertain but was probably Merrivale or one of the other Dartmoor quarries.
·The colonnade used paired granite columns recycled from a former C17th market building. It was Grade II listed in 1954
2. Pink Calcite in fountain base - Drake's Place
Park
·The exact source of this rock is not known but, given the age of the fountain, it was probably sourced locally, possibly from one of the limestone quarries to the East of Plymouth
3. Sherwell Centre - North Hill gate pillar – weathered Oolitic
limestone
·The source of this stone is uncertain, but may have been quarried on Portland Bill
If so, it is probably from the Jurassic period and was deposited as marine sediment about 150 Million years ago in a warm, shallow sea.
Within the limestone veins of calcite or calcified burrows of worm-like animals have been more resistant to weathering and now stand out above the surface
4. Sherwell Centre - North Hill pink granite
columns
·This pink granite is not found in SW England, but may have been imported from the Channel Islands, where it was quarried in large volumes
·Use: Here the pink columns contrast with the grey Plymouth Limestone, giving a warmer feel to the entrance to this former church
5. Sherwell Hall - Sherwell Lane
Unkown local quarry.
· An outstanding limestone building block giving an insight into the variety of life in the warm shallow
seas of the Devonian period about 370 Million years ago.
6. Portland Square B - Belemnite
·Gundelsheimer Marmorwerk, Solnhofen, Bavaria, Germany
·Jurassic Belemnites were fast swimmers and predatory hunters. They were cephalopods and probably looked like modern squids but had hard internal skeletons, composed of calcium carbonate. It is usually part of this skeleton, called a ‘guard’ which is all that is preserved.
7. Portland Square C - Ammonite
·Gundelsheimer Marmorwerk, Solnhofen, Bavaria, Germany
·Ammonites are extinct marine invertbrate animals which existed in various forms for about 340 million years and dominated the warm seas for much of the Mesozoic era. They varied in size from possibly 2.5m in diameter to just a few cms.
8. Portland Square Building
·Believed to be Portugal Stone name: Guido Blue
·A shelly limestone with abundant gastropods, bivalves, peloids
<표 3-2> Plymouth University : Campus Geo Trail 안내(참고용)
Location Source 9. Nancy Astor
Building – paving
·Believed to be Portland Roach Bed, probably from Albion Quarries
·A fine, homogenous Jurassic oolitic limestone (Ma145±) with a varied fossil assemblage
10. Portland Square Lane -
'rubble wall'
·Various rough stone
·The wall was constructed of whatever material easily came to hand , mostly comprising rocks of SW England, including sandstones, mudstone, slate and Plymouth Limestone
11,12. 'Ashburtun Marble' - Rolle Building - West
Wall
·Linhay Quarry, Ashburton _ ancient sponges, corals and algal mats.
·Devonian stromatoporoid sponges were so abundant that they formed small reefs, a bit like those found around tropical islands today, which corals then colonised. Stromatoporoids died out and coral reefs disappeared in the mass extinction at the end of the Devonian period 13. De Lank
Granite - Student's Union
- Ventilation Block
·DeLank quarries on Bodmin Moor (OS grid ref SX101754)
·Use: This tough, course-grained igneous rock is one of the strongest building materials available. It was used to build the fourth Eddystone Lighthouse off Plymouth in 1759, Tower Bridge and more recently, the Diana memorial in Hyde Park
14. Reynolds
·Most of the quarries producing dimension stone at this time were to the East of the city, in Turnchapel, Oreston and Plymstock, but it is hard to identify exact sources for specific buildings
·Use: Materials used in this building include Plymouth Limestone, local granite and crushed Portland stone set in a cement matrix. This was a cheaper alternative to using real Portland Stone.
15. Scott Building - New Extension - sawn facing
stone
·Linhay Quarry, Ashburton
·Use: The original part of Scott Building together with many older buildings in Plymouth used limestone blocks with a 'rock face' finish, fashioned by stonemasons. More recent buildings often use cut blocks, which are then polished to remove saw marks. The extensions to the Scott Building are clad in facing slabs.
16. Roland Levinsky Building - slate
cladding
·Cwt Y Bugail quarry, Blaenau Ffestiniog, North Wales (OS grid ref SH732455)
·Deposited as a fine mud in calm water, then ‘lithified’ into a shale by pressure from subsequent layers and finally cleaved into a slate by tectonic forces. Age: new techniques now indicate a date of 396 Ma
<표 3-2> Plymouth University : Campus Geo Trail 안내(참고용) (계속)
Location Source composition and colour due to different concentrations of iron and other minerals, Note how Plymouth limestone of alternating colours has been used to create an attractive pavement surface with pink-white banding in the lighter slabs
18. Plymouth City Museum & Art
Gallery - entrance portal
·Local granite, limestone and cream- coloured Portland stone used for architectural effect
<표 3-2> Plymouth University : Campus Geo Trail 안내(참고용) (계속)
다. 바든 지오트레일(Haughmond Hill - Bardon Geo Trail)27)
영국 잉글랜드 중서부 Shropshire의 주도인 Shrewsbury에 위치한 Haughmond Hill은 얕은 언덕으로 채석장을 포함하고 있으며, 대부분 숲으로 덮여 있다.
Haughmond Hill에는 Wilfred’s Walk, Henry’s Hike, Corbett Easy Access Trail, Bardon Geo Trail 등 다양한 산책로와 트레일이 있다. 이 중 Bardon Geo Trail 은
자료: Forestry Commision 홈페이지(http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/haughmondHillOrien Panel.pdf/$file/haughmondHillOrienPanel.pdf).
<그림 3-16> Haughmond Hill 안내지도
자료: Disabled Holiday Info 홈페이지(http://www.forestry.gov.uk/forestry/EnglandHere fordshireTheMarchesHaughmondHillHaughmondHillCarParkandPicnicSiteWilfredsWalk).
<그림 3-17> Bardon Geo Trail
라. 이탈리아 Bulla Geotrail29)
Bulla Geotrail은 이탈리아 북동부의 트렌티노 알토 아디제(Tresntino-Alto Adige) 주에 위치해 있는 알프스 산맥의 끝자락에 속한 산악지대에 개발되어 있는 탐방로 코스이 다. 지질탐방로가 속해 있는 지역은 돌로미테(Dolomites)라 불리는 곳으로 석회암과 백운암으로 이루어진 침봉들이 거대한 산군을 이루고 있으며, 거대한 암봉과 빙하 등이 숲과 맑은 계곡과 어우러져 빼어난 풍경을 자랑한다. 이 지역을 둘러보는 약 70㎞의 트레킹 코스는 발 가르데나(Val Gardena)에서 시작해 프라토 피아자(Prato Piazza)를 거쳐 트레 치메 디 라바레도(Tre Cime di Lavaredo)에서 끝이 나는데, 그 코스 중의 하나가 Bulla Geotrail이다(그림 3-18 참조).
자료: valgardena-groeden activities/mountains-and-hiking/geotrail-bulla).
<그림 3-18> Valgardena-groeden 홈페이지에 소개되어 있는 Bulla Geotrail
29) Valgardena-groeden 홈페이지(http://www.valgardena-groeden.com/en/leisure-activities/
mountains-and-hiking/geotrail-bulla/).
Passo Pinei에서 시작하는 탐방로 코스는 약 7㎞에 걸쳐 형성되어 있으며, 트레일을 따라 탐방로 코스임을 나타내는 안내표지판이 설치되어 있고, 지질노두에는 지질유산의 형성 과정에 대한 해설판도 설치되어 있다(그림 3-19 참조).
자료: Brandner & Keim(2011) Geotrail Bula-Pufels-Bulla (https://www.flickr.com/photos/valgardena/5862351993/, https://www.flickr.com/photos/valgardena/5862361359/,
http://www.provinz.bz.it/natur-raum/service/news-archiv.asp?aktuelles_action=4&
aktuelles_article_id=368809)내용을 참조.
<그림 3-19> Bulla Geotrail에 설치되어 있는 안내판과 트레일 코스 안내도