1994년의 음주습관행태 자료의 일치도는 87%였고, 두 자료의 실질적인 일치도를 보
측정하여 오차를 최소화하였지만 심박수 측정시 변화를 줄 수 있는 요인들을 충분히 고려하지는 못하였다.
마지막으로, 참여자들의 신체활동은 조사 당시에 질문하지 않았기 때문에 평가할 수 없었다. 또한 농업에 종사하는 사람이 많았기 때문에 신체활동의 근사지표로 직업 을 보정하였다.
따라서 향후 연구에서는 결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 심박수, 음주력, 흡연력 등 의 변화량을 고려하고, 비음주군을 생애 비음주자와 현재 비음주자로 구분하여 이들 문제와 사망과의 관련성에 대하여 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 충 분한 여성 대상자를 포함하여 여성에서의 음주와 심박수가 전체 및 심혈관질환 사망 에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
Ⅴ. 결 론
본 연구는 55세 이상의 남성 노인에서 폭음과 안정시 심박수가 전체 및 심혈관질 환 사망에 미치는 복합적인 영향을 파악하기 위해 20.8년 동안 추적 관찰한 강화코 호트의 자료를 이용하였으며, 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다.
1. 안정시 심박수가 61~79 bpm인 남성에 비해,
≥
80 bpm인 남성은 수축기 혈압 이 확연하게 높았고(P<0.0001) 흡연량이 많았으며 과음을 하는 경향이 있었다.2. 나이를 통제한 후에, 음주하는 습관에 따른 전체 사망의 위험도는 비음주군에 비해 한번에 12잔 이상 폭음하는 남성에서 1.53배(95% CI: 1.21~1.95) 높았으 며, 심혈관질환 사망의 위험도는 1.96배(95% CI: 1.16~3.32) 높았다.
3. 여러 혼란요인을 통제한 후에, 안정시 심박수가 61~79 bpm인 남성에 비해
≥
80 bpm인 남성은 전체 사망의 위험도가 1.13배(95% CI: 1.02~1.26) 높았으며, 심 혈관질환 사망의 위험도는 1.32배(95% CI: 1.18~1.49) 높았다.4. 여러 혼란요인을 통제한 후에, 음주하지 않으면서 안정시 심박수가 61~79 bpm 인 남성에 비해 한번에 12잔 이상 폭음하면서 안정시 심박수가
≥
80 bpm인 남성은 심혈관질환 사망의 위험도가 2.26배(95% CI: 1.53~3.59) 높았다.5. 여러 혼란요인을 통제한 후에, 음주하지 않으면서 안정시 심박수가 61~79 bpm 인 남성에 비해 한번에 12잔 이상 폭음하면서 안정시 심박수가 ≤60 bpm인 남성은 심혈관질환 사망의 위험도가 4.99배(95% CI: 1.24~20.18) 높았다.
결론적으로 음주하지 않으면서 안정시 심박수가 61~79 bpm인 남성에 비해 한번 에 12잔 이상 폭음하면서 안정시 심박수가 ≤60 bpm로 낮거나 ≥80 bpm으로 높은 남성은 사망 위험이 더 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 안정시 심박수가 ≤60 bpm로 낮거나 ≥80 bpm으로 높은 남성 노인에서는 전체 및 심혈관 사망률을 낮추 기 위해 한번에 12잔 이상 폭음하는 음주습관은 지양해야 할 것으로 생각된다.
향후 연구에서는 다양한 집단 층(성별, 연령)의 충분한 연구 대상자를 포함하여 심박수와 음주습관이 전체 및 심혈관 사망에 미치는 영향에 대한 계속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
참고문헌
윤수진, 이상욱, 김소윤, 오희철, 이순영, 박윤희, 손태용: BMI와 사망과의 관련성: 강화코 호트 연구.
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