ⷢ᳑Ğᱽⷣ۵Ⲳǎၝ᮹ᔢᔢಆŝ᮹ᖒᮥŝ⦺ʑᚁ ŝ*$5ᨱᱲ༊⦹ᩍᔩಽᬕᔑᨦŝᰆᮥ⇽⦹Ł ʑ᳕ᔑᨦᮥv⪵⧉ᮝಽ៉ᳬᮡᯝᯱญෝอऽ۵ᔩ ಽᬕĞᱽᱥఖⲳᮝಽᯝ⍍ᨕḡŁᯩܩ݅ᯕᨱ↽ᝁ
ǎჶᱽᱶᅕ۵᳑ĞᱽaǍ⩥ࢁᙹᯩࠥಾḡᬱ
⦹Łᯱᵝǎ᮹᯦ჶಡෝᗭ}⦹Łᯱ⧊ܩ݅
ᱽ⪙ᨦḡᬱၰᵲᗭʑᨦĞᰢಆv⪵
ᱽ⪙ʑᚁⰑྙ⪵Ⱁᔑᨦe᮹ᩑĥ᪡ᮖ⧊
ᱽ⪙ḡᰍᔑ᮹⇽Ⱁᅕ⪙Ⱁ⪽ᬊ ᱽ⪙ᵲᗭʑᨦ᮹⫭ᔾeᗭ⪵
<✚Ḳ>
유럽연합의 빅데이터 관련 법제동향 및 시사점
ۋ ѩ
প۩*5୨థୢ߃֜ী֜
κདྷৡ
λෞᇃ਼ಕඋከዂ
ڂÖ(FOFSBM%BUB1SPUFDUJPO
%JSFDUJWF (%1%×
ڂÖ&1SJWBDZEJSFDUJWF×
ڂÖ&6%BUB3FUFOUJPO
%JSFDUJWF %3%×
μෞᇃਦལணኃᄐඋኔ
νÖ଼൫৳ဢඤඤኳੲဢ ༬ ×
ၔྦକྭ
Թ୨࣪ฆଲฃ౸
Թ୨࣪࣪Գฃ౸
ξକ৳ဢඤඤኳඋဤྏෝੑ
Թ୨࣪ଭୡ࣑ళࠤ૬Ս
Թ୨࣪ళࠤਏճॷා
Թ୨࣪ళࠤଭࢺ࣑
୨࣪ச఼ଭ֫ࠤ࣪ୋ౿
ο೫
European Union
κདྷৡ
ᬑญӹෝ ⡍⧉⦽ ᖙĥ bǎᯕ ᱶᅕ☖ᝁʑᚁ(ICT)ᮥ ᝁᖒᰆ ࠺ಆŝ ᯝᯱญ ⇽᮹ ၽ❱
ᮝಽ ᔝᮝಅ۵ ᱶ₦ᱢ יಆᯕ aᗮ⪵ࡹŁ ᯩ݅. ኦߑᯕ░(big data) ם᮹ෝ ᯕҭŁ ᯩ۵ ၙ ǎᅕ݅۵ ݅ᗭ ॵḡอ ᮁᩑ⧊ࠥ ᩩ۵ ᦥܩ݅. ⦹ḡอ ᮁᩑ⧊ ǎaॅ ᔍᯕᨱᕽࠥ ኦ ߑᯕ░ᨱ ݡ⦽ šᝍ᮹ ᱶࠥ۵ ӹษ݅ ₉ᯕa ᯩ݅. ᩢǎᮡ ᮁᩑ⧊ ǎaॅ ᔍᯕᨱᕽ ኦ ߑᯕ░ᨱ ݡ⦽ šᝍᯕ ݉ᩑ ࠬᅕᯕŁ ญ ᩎ⧁ᮥ ᙹ⧪⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ၹ໕, ᮁĞᱽ᮹ ᖁࢱᵝ
ᯱ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ࠦᯝᮡ ᪅⯩ಅ ኦߑᯕ░ᨱ ݡ⦽ šᝍᯕ Ⓧḡ ᦫ݅. ԉᇡ ᮁǎaॅᮡ ᬒ
ኦߑᯕ░ᨱ ݡ⦽ šᝍᯕ ᱢ݅. ᱶᇡᐱอ ᦥܩ ᰆŝ ʑᨦॅࠥ ኦߑᯕ░ᨱ ݡ⦽ šᝍ ᯕ Ⓧḡ ᦫᮡ ⠙ᯕ݅. ᮁ᮹ ྙ⪵ᱢ ✚ᖒᔢ ᩢญ ༊ᱢᮝಽ ߑᯕ░ෝ ᯕᬊ⦹۵ äᯕ ⊽ᙺ⦹
ḡ ᦫ݅Ł ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ə్ӹ ⚍ᯱᮡ⧪ ॒᮹ ɩᮖᇥ᪡ ᪅ᯝ·aᜅ·ᮁ❙ญ❑ ॒᮹ vertical market(ᙹḢᱢ ᰆ) əญŁ ᮹ഭᇥ, ⪹Ğᅕ⪙ᇥ, ŝ⦺ᩑǍ ᇥᨱᕽ۵ ᯕၙ ኦߑᯕ░
᮹ ⪽ᬊᯕ ᔢݚ⦽ ᙹᵡᨱ ᪡ ᯩᮝ໑, ↽ɝᨱ۵ ญ▭ᯝ(retail) ᇥᨱᕽࠥ ኦߑᯕ░ᨱ ݡ⦽
šᝍᯕ ᯝʑ ᯲⦹Ł ᯩ݅.)
ᮁᩑ⧊ ॵḡ▙ ᨕᲁ ⍅ၙᖵթ(EU commissioner for Digital Agenda)ᯙ Neelie Kroes
ࠥ ֥ ᬵ ᯝ ቭඝᖡᨱᕽ }↽ࡽ “Smarter Data for Europe” ⍉⟝ᜅᨱ ₙᕾ⦹ᩍ ߑᯕ░ෝ ᮁĞᱽ᮹ ᩑഭ(fuel)ಽ ᱶ᮹⦹Ł, ᔍ⫭ෝ ᄡ⩢⦹Ł ᔩಽᬕ ʑ⫭ෝ ⇽⦹໑ ᕽእ ᜅෝ ᅕ݅ ⚍⪵·⬉ᮉ⪵·}ᯙ⪵⦹ʑ ᭥⦽ ༊ᱢᮝಽ ߑᯕ░a ᯕᬊࢁ ᙹ ᯩᮭᮥ v᳑⦹Ł ᯩ
݅.) ᯕॅ ߑᯕ░۵ b᳦ ᱥᯱᰆ⊹, ᖝᕽ, እॵ᪅, ᯕີᯝ, ₥❦, ᜅษ✙⡑ ᧒, ᪉ᯙÑ௹ ॒ ᮝಽᇡ░ ᙹḲࢁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ߑ, ྙᱽ۵ ᔍᔾ⪽ ⋉⧕ᨱ ݡ⦽ ᗭእᯱॅ᮹ ᬑಅa Ⓧ݅۵ ᱱŝ ᱢ ჶ⦹í ߑᯕ░ෝ ᙹḲ⧕ ⦽݅۵ ᱱᯕ݅. ੱ ݅ෙ ᰆᧁ۵ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ෝ ᭥⦽ ᮁᩑ⧊ ǎ aॅ᮹ ჶශ ԕᬊᯕ bʑ ݅݅۵ ᱱᯕ݅. ᯕ᪡ zᮡ ჶᱢ ᰆᧁෝ ԏ⇵ʑ ᭥⧕ ᮁᩑ⧊ ⠪ ᮹⫭(European Commission)۵ ֥ ᬵ 「General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR)」
ᮥ ᱽᦩ⦹ᩡ݅. GDPRᮡ Ŗ} ߑᯕ░(public data)ᮥ ᅕ݅ ᱢᮡ እᬊᮝಽ, ᅕ݅ ᛞí, ᅖᰂ⦽
) Mac Slocum, “Big data in Europe”, April , (http://strata.oreilly.com///big-data-in-europe.html).
) Nerea Rial, “The power of big data in Europe”, //, (http://www.neurope.eu/article/power-big-data-eu- rope).
᳑Õ ᨧᯕ ᯕᬊ·ᱽŖ⧁ ᙹ ᯩí ⦹۵ äᮥ ༊ᱢᮝಽ ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.)
λෞᇃ਼ಕඋከዂ
ኦߑᯕ░᮹ ᙹḲ·ᯕᬊŝ šಉ⧕ᕽ۵ ᔍᔾ⪽ᅕ⪙ ྙᱽ᪡ ᱡ᯲ǭ ၰ ᩢᨦእၡᅕ⪙ ྙᱽa ၽᔾ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᮝӹ, ᵝ ჶᱢ ᯕᛩ۵ ᔍᔾ⪽ ᅕ⪙ ᩢᩎᨱᕽ ၽᔾ⧉ᮝಽ ᯕ⦹ᨱᕽ۵ ᮁᩑ
⧊᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ šಉჶᮥ ᵲᝍᮝಽ ᇥᕾ⦹ʑಽ ⦽݅.
ڂÖ(FOFSBM%BUB1SPUFDUJPO%JSFDUJWF (%1%×
GDPD)۵ ᮁᩑ⧊ ԕᨱᕽ᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕ ญෝ Ƚᮉ⦹۵ ᮁᩑ⧊ ḡ⋉(European Union directive)ᮝಽ ⥥ᯕქ ၰ ᯙǭ ᅕ⪙ჶ ᇥᨱᕽ ๅᬑ ᵲ⦽ ᭥⊹ෝ ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ᱽ
₉ ᖙĥ ݡᱥ ᯕ⬥ ᮁ ǎaॅᮡ ⥥ᯕქෝ ᯙe᮹ ᅙḩᱢ ǭญ ᷪ ʑᅙǭ(fundamental human right)ᮝಽ ၼᦥॅᯕŁ ᯩ݅. ֥ ၽ⬉ࡽ ᮁᯙǭ⩲᧞(ECHR, European Con- vention on Human Rights) ᱽ᳑ࠥ ‘༉ु ᔍ௭ᮡ ᯱᝁ᮹ ᔍᔾ⪽ŝ a᳒ᔾ⪽, ᵝÑ᪡ ᮹ᔍᗭ
☖ᮥ ᳕ᵲၼᮡ ǭญෝ aḥ݅’)Ł Ƚᱶ⦹ᩍ ᯕෝ ⪶ᯙ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ᯕ᪡ zᯕ }ᯙ᮹ ⥥ᯕ ქෝ ᅕ⪙⦹Łᯱ ⦹۵ ᮁ ǎaॅ᮹ ᩎᔍᱢ ႑Ğŝ ֥ݡᇡ░ Ųჵ᭥⦹í ᯦ࠥࡹʑ
᯲⦽ ᱶᅕ☖ᝁʑᚁ(ICT)᮹ ⥥ქ ⋉⧕ ᭥⨹ᯕ GDPDෝ Ԕí ⧩݅Ł ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
) Nuala Moran, “Let Big Data fuel the economy,” says Commission Vice President Neelie Kroes, June , (http://www.microsoft.com/eu/futures/article/let-big-data-fuel-the-economy-says-commission-vice-president-neel- ie-kr.aspx?path=).
) Ŗ⋎ᮡ 「Directive //EC on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data」ᯕ݅.
) ARTICLE Right to respect for private and family life . Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. . There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
European Union
GDPD۵ ᮁၝ᮹ ⥥ᯕქ᪡ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ᯝᱶ ᙹᵡ ᯕᔢ ჶᱢᮝಽ ᅕ⪙⦹Ł) ᮁ
ᩑ⧊ ⫭ᬱǎe }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ ᙹᵡᮥ ᯝ⊹┅ʑ ᭥⧕ᕽ ᱽᱶࡽ ḡ⋉ᯕ݅. ᯕᨱ ࠺ ḡ
⋉ᮡ ჶශᨱ ᮹⧕ ✚ᱶࡽ ᳑Õ ⦹ᨱᕽอ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ญ⧁ ᙹ ᯩࠥಾ ⦹Ł ə ᳑Õᮥ ∊᳒
⦹ḡ ༜⦽ Ğᬑᨱ۵ }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ ญෝ ɩḡ⦹ࠥಾ ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ə ᳑Õᨱ۵ ) ⚍ᖒ ᬱ⊺
(transparency), ) ༊ᱢ ᱢ⧊⪵ ᬱ⊺(legitimate purpose), əญŁ ) እಡ ᬱ⊺(proportional- ity)ᯕ ⡍⧉ࡽ݅.
ℌṙ, ⚍ᖒ ᬱ⊺ᨱ }ᯙᱶᅕญᯱ۵ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ญ⧁ ভ ᱶᅕᵝℕᨱí ᯱᝁ᮹ ᯕŝ ᵝᗭ, ญ ༊ᱢ, ᱽŖၼᮥ ᯱ, Ŗᱶ⦽ ญෝ ᭥⦽ ə ၷ᮹ ᱶᅕ ॒ᮥ ಅ ⦽݅
(ᱽ᳑ ၰ ᱽ᳑). ࢹṙ, ༊ᱢ ᱢ⧊⪵ ᬱ⊺ᨱ }ᯙᱶᅕ۵ Ǎℕᱢᮝಽ ✚ᱶࡽ ᱢჶ⦽
༊ᱢᮥ ᭥⧕ᕽอ ญࢁ ᙹ ᯩŁ ə ༊ᱢŝ ᧲พ⧁ ᙹ ᨧ۵ ႊᮝಽ۵ ญa ᇩa܆⦹݅
(ᱽ᳑ ၰ ᱽ᳑). ᖬṙ, እಡ ᬱ⊺ᨱ }ᯙᱶᅕ۵ ญ ༊ᱢŝ šಉࡽ ჵ᭥ ԕᨱᕽ ᱢ ᱩ⦹Ł ŝࠥ⦹ḡ ᦥܩ⦽ ᱶࠥಽอ ญa a܆⦹Ł, ญ ༊ᱢᨱ ᇡ⧊⦹ࠥಾ ᱶ⪶⦹Ł ᪥ᱥ
⧕ ⦹໑, ญ ༊ᱢᨱ ⦥⦽ ᱶࠥ ᯕᔢᮝಽ ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ ᄥᖒᮥ ⨩ᬊ⦹۵ ⩶┽ಽ ᮁḡ · ᅕšࡹᨕᕽ۵ ᦥܩ ࡽ݅.
ᩎᔍᱢ ʑᚁ, ☖ĥญ ၰ ŝ⦺ᩑǍෝ ༊ᱢᮝಽ ⦽ }ᯙᱶᅕ ᯕᬊŝ ᅕ᳕ᮡ ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹
࠺᮹ ᨧᯕࠥ a܆⦹ḡอ ᱢᱩ⦽ ᅕ⪙᳑⊹a vǍࡹᨕ ⦽݅(ᱽ᳑). ੱ⦽ ᳦Ʊᱢ ᝁֱ, ᱶ
⊹ᱢ ᖒ⨆, Õv, ᖒᔾ⪽, ᯙ᳦, י࠺᳑⧊⪽࠺ ॒ᮥ ӹ┡ԕ۵ ၝq⦽ }ᯙᱶᅕ۵ ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽ
ญa ɩḡࡹ໑ ᅕ݅ ᨥĊ⦽ ᳑Õ ⦹ᨱᕽอ ญa a܆⦹݅(ᱽ᳑). ᱶᅕᵝℕ۵ Ḣᱲ❱ๅ (direct marketing) ༊ᱢ᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕญᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽ۵ ᨙᱽुḡ Ñᇡ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᨕ ⦹Ł(ᱽ
᳑), ߑᯕ░᮹ ᯱ࠺⪵ࡽ ญᨱอ ɝÑ⦽ đᱶᯕ ᱶᅕᵝℕᨱí ᨕਅ ჶශᱢ ⬉ŝෝ ၽᔾ⍡
⦹Ñӹ ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ ᯕᯖᨱ ᵲݡ⦽ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ၙ⊹ḡ ᦫࠥಾ ⧕ ⦽݅. ݅อ, ĥ᧞᮹ ℕđᯕӹ ℎ᧞᮹ Ӻᮥ ᭥⦽ Ğᬑӹ ᮹ᔍđᱶ ᱥᨱ ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ ᮹čᮥ ၹᩢ⦹۵ ॒ ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ ᱶݚ
⦽ ᯕᯖᮥ ᅕᰆ⧁ ᱢᱩ⦽ ᳑⊹ෝ vǍ⦽ Ğᬑᨱ۵ ᩩಽ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅(ᱽ᳑).
GDPD۵ ᱽǎᮝಽ᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕ ᯕᱥᮥ ᨥĊ⯩ ᱽ⦽⦹Ł ᯩ۵ߑ, ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽ ᮁᩑ⧊ŝ
࠺ᯝ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ᅕ⪙⦹Ł ᯩḡ ᦥܩ⦽ ӹಽ۵ ᮁၝ᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕ ᯕᱥᯕ
) ᮁᩑ⧊ᨱᕽࠥ Ⅹʑᨱ۵ ⥥ᯕქ᪡ }ᯙᱶᅕa ⪝ᬊࡹᨩᮝӹ, ↽ɝ᮹ ྙᕽᨱᕽ۵ ᱱ₉ ᧲ᯱෝ Ǎᇥ⧕ᕽ ᔍ ᬊ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ᩩ⍉ݡ, ֥ ᮁ ᯙǭ ၰ ᯱᮁǭ ᅕ⪙ ⩲᧞(European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) ᱽ᳑᪡ ݍญ, ֥ ᮁᩑ⧊ ʑᅙǭ ⨭ᰆ( Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union)ᮡ }ᯙ᮹ ᔍᔾ⪽ ᅕ⪙ᨱ š⦽ ᳑⧎(protection of personal life, Article )ŝ }ᯙᱶ ᅕ ᅕ⪙ᨱ š⦽ ᳑⧎(protection of personal data, Article )ᮥ bʑ ಽ ࢱŁ ᯩ݅.
ɩḡࡽ݅(ᱽ᳑). ݅อ, }ᯙᱶᅕญᯱ ᜅᜅಽ ᱽǎᨱᕽ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ᯕᱥၼᮡ ᯱa ᮁ
ᩑ⧊᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶᮥ ᵡᙹ⧁ äᮥ ᅕᰆ⦽ Ğᬑӹ, ᮁᩑ⧊ᯕ ᱽǎ᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ
⪙ šಉ ჶᱽࠥa ᱢᱩ⦽ ᅕ⪙ᙹᵡᮥ ᅕᰆ⦹Ł ᯩ݅Ł ⠪a·❱݉⦽ Ğᬑᨱ۵ ᩩಽ ⦽݅
(ᱽ᳑).
GDPD۵ ᮁᩑ⧊ ⫭ᬱǎᮥ ݡᔢᮝಽ ⦽ äᯕŁ ᮁᩑ⧊ ⫭ᬱǎᨱí ᮹ྕෝ ᇡᩍ⦽ ä ᮝಽ៉, ᮁᩑ⧊ ၝॅᮥ Ḣᱲ ჶᱢᮝಽ Ǎᗮ⦹ḡ۵ ᦫ۵݅. GDPDa ᮁᩑ⧊ ၝॅᨱ í ჶᱢᯙ ⬉ŝෝ ၽ⭹⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ ⫭ᬱǎ᮹ ǎԕჶᮝಽ ᯕ⧪ࡹᨕ ⦽݅. ᷪ GDPD۵
⫭ᬱǎ᮹ ǎԕჶᮝಽ ᱥ⪹ࡹᨕ እಽᗭ ᮁ ၝॅᮥ Ǎᗮ⦹í ࡽ݅. ǎԕჶᮝಽ ᱥ⪹
⫭ᬱǎᮡ ၹऽ GDPD᮹ ԕᬊᮥ əݡಽ ʙ ⦥۵ ᨧ݅. GDPDa ḡ⨆⦹۵ ༊ᱢᨱ ฿ íอ ၹᩢ⦹໕ ࡹʑ ভྙᨱ ǎԕჶ⪵ ŝᱶᨱᕽ ⫭ᬱǎ᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶ eᨱ۵ ₉ᯕa ၽ ᔾ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ᕽ ᝅᱽಽ ᮁᩑ⧊ ⫭ᬱǎॅ᮹ ǎԕ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶ᮹ ԕᬊᨱ۵ ᔢݚ
⦽ ₉ᯕa ᳕ᰍ⦽݅.
ڂÖ&1SJWBDZEJSFDUJWF×
E-Privacy Directive)۵ ֥ݡ ⬥ၹ ᮁᩑ⧊ᯕ ᅙĊᱢᯙ ᯙ░֘ ݡᨱ ᱲᨕॅ໕ ᕽ ॵḡ▙ Ğᱽݡෝ ᵡእ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ ᱽᱶ⦽ }ᯙᱶᅕ ၰ ⥥ᯕქ ᅕ⪙ᨱ š⦽ ᮁᩑ
⧊ ḡ⋉ᮝಽ ֥ General Data Protection Directiveෝ ᅕ᪥⦹۵ ʑ܆ᮥ ᙹ⧪⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
GDPD۵ ᯱᩑᯙᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽอ ᱢᬊࡹḡอ E-Privacy Directive۵ ჶᯙᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽࠥ ᱢᬊࡽ݅
۵ äᯕ ✚ḶᯕŁ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. E-Privacy Directive۵ ə ᱽ༊ᨱᕽࠥ ᙹ ᯩॐᯕ ᵝಽ ᱥ
ᯱ☖ᝁ(electronic communication)ᮥ ☖⧕ ᘂᙹᝁࡹ۵ ᱶᅕ᮹ ʑၡᖒ ᅕ⪙, ᭥⊹ᱶᅕ ᅕ⪙,
✙௹⦞ ߑᯕ░(traffic data)᮹ ญ, ᜅ➙, ⑁┅ ॒᮹ ྙᱽෝ ݅Ł ᯩ݅. ✚⯩ ࠺ ḡ⋉ᮡ ᯕ ᬊᯱ(users)᮹ ࠺᮹a ᯩÑӹ ǎaᦩᅕ·ǎႊ·ŖŖᦩᱥ·ჵᴥ ✚⯩ ᱥᯱ☖ᝁᜅ▽ ᇩჶᔍᬊ ᮹ ᩩႊ·ᙹᔍ · ၽč · ʑᗭෝ ༊ᱢᮝಽ ⦽ ᱢᱩ⦹Ł Ɂ⩶ᰂ⯭ ᯦ჶᱢ ᳑⊹a vǍࡹᨕ ᯩ۵ Ğᬑෝ ᱽ⦹Ł, ☖ᝁŝ šಉ ✙௹⦞(communication and related traffic)᮹ ℎ≉, qℎ, ᱡ ᰆ, aಽ₥ʑ, q(surveillance)ෝ ᯝℕ ɩḡ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ֥ ⦽ ₉ಡ }ᱶᯕ ᯩᨩᮝ໑ ✚
⯩ ⑁┅(cookies)ᨱ š⦽ Ƚᱶ᮹ }ᱶᮝಽ ᯙ⧕ ⑁┅᮹ ญෝ ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽ ᱶᅕᵝ
) Ŗ⋎ᮡ 「DIRECTIVE //EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of
July concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector」ᯕ݅.
European Union
ℕ᮹ ᔍᱥ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼᦥ ⦽݅.
ℌṙ, ᕽእᜅᱽŖᯱ۵ ᕽእᜅ ᱽŖᮥ ᭥⦹ᩍ ᯕᔢ ⦥⦹ḡ ᦫí ࡽ ✙௺⦞ ߑᯕ░ෝ
ᔎᱽ⦹Ñӹ ᄥᯕ ᇩa܆⦹í ᳑⊹⦹ᩍ ⦽݅. ݅อ, ǎaᦩᅕ ॒ᮥ ༊ᱢᮝಽ ჶශᨱᕽ ✚ ᄥ⯩ ᅕ᳕ʑšᮥ ᱶ⦹Ł ᯩ۵ Ğᬑӹ ɩḶᙹෝ ᭥⦹ᩍ ⦥⦽ Ğᬑಽ៉ ჶශᨱᕽ ǭญᗭ ໙⬉ ʑeᮥ ᱶ⦹Ł ᯩ۵ Ğᬑᨱ۵ ə ʑeʭḡ۵ ᅕ᳕ᯕ a܆⦹݅. ੱ⦽, ᯕᬊᯱಽᇡ░
ၙญ }ᯙᱶᅕญᨱ š⦽ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼᮡ Ğᬑᨱ۵ ษ⍡❦ ༊ᱢᯕӹ ᇡaᕽእᜅ ᱽŖ ༊ᱢᮝ ಽࠥ ᔍᱥᨱ ฑ ญ ༊ᱢŝ ʑe ԕᨱᕽ ߑᯕ░᮹ ᅕ᳕ᯕ a܆⦹݅(ᱽ᳑).
ࢹṙ, ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽ ٥Ǎुḡ ษ⍡❦ ༊ᱢᮝಽ۵ ᯕີᯝᮥ ᔍᬊ⧁ ᙹ ᨧ݅. ษ⍡❦ ༊ᱢᮝ ಽ ᯕີᯝᮥ ᔍᬊ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ ၙญ ᙹᝁᯱ᮹ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼᦥ ⦽݅. ᯕෙၵ ᪖✙ᯙ(opt-in) ᱽࠥෝ ⦽ äᯕ݅. ݅อ, ᱽ⣩ᯕӹ ᕽእᜅ ❱ๅ᪡ šಉ⧕ᕽ Ł~ᮝಽᇡ░ Ḣᱲ ᯕີᯝ ᵝᗭෝ ᙹḲ⦽ }ᯙᯕӹ ჶᯙᮡ ᙹᝁᯱ᮹ ᔍᱥ ࠺᮹ ᨧᯕ ࠺ᯝ · ᮁᔍ⦽ ᱽ⣩ᯕӹ ᕽእᜅᨱ š⦽ ݅ᯕ౪✙ ษ⍡❦ ༊ᱢᮝಽ ⧕ݚ ᩑ ᱶᅕෝ ᔍᬊ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ݅อ, ᯕ Ğᬑ ⧕ݚ ᩑ
ᱶᅕෝ ݅ᯕ౪✙ ษ⍡❦ ༊ᱢᮝಽ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ äᨱ ၹݡ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ʑ⫭ෝ ๅჩ Ł~ᨱ í ᛞŁ ⪶⦽ ႊჶᮝಽ ᱽŖ⦹ᩍ ⦽݅. ᔍ௭᮹ ᯲᳑ᯕ ⦥ ᨧ۵ ᯱ࠺⪵ࡽ ᱥ⪵ၽᝁ ᜅ▽ᯕӹ ➊ᜅ ᜅ▽ᮥ ݅ᯕ౪✙ ษ⍡❦ ༊ᱢᮝಽ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ Ğᬑᨱࠥ a᯦ᯱ᮹ ᔍᱥ ࠺᮹ a ᯩᨕ ⦽݅(ᱽ᳑).
ᖬṙ, E-Privacy Directive۵ ᯙ░֘ ᔍᬊᨱ ᯩᨕᕽ ⑁┅᮹ ᵲᖒŝ ᮁᬊᖒᮥ ᯙᱶ⦹Ł
ᯩḡอ, ࠺ᨱ ⑁┅a ⥥ᯕქᨱ ၙ⊹í ࢁ ᭥⨹ᖒᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽࠥ ĞŁ⦹Ł ᯩ݅(Recital
~). ᯕᨱ ᕽእᜅᱽŖᯱ۵ ᯕᬊᯱa Ǎ⦹۵ ᕽእᜅ᮹ ᯕ⧪ᮥ ᭥⦹ᩍ ၹऽ ⦥
⦽ Ğᬑᨱ ⦽⧕ᕽอ ᯕᬊᯱ᮹ ࠺᮹ ᨧᯕ ⑁┅ෝ ᙹḲ · ᯕᬊ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅(ᱽ᳑ ᱽ⧎). ᩩ⍉ݡ ᪉ᯙ ᙝ⦲༑ᨱᕽ ᯕᬊᯱa “ᰆၵǍܩ ⇵a”ෝ ٥Ñӹ “ĥᗮ ℕⓍᦥᬤ”ᮥ ٥۵ Ğᬑ a ᯕᨱ ⧕ݚ⦽݅. ᖒŖᱢᯙ Ñ௹ ᪥ഭෝ ᭥⧕ ቭᬑᱡa ᯕᱥᨱ ႊྙ⦽ ᭚⟹ᯕḡಽᇡ░ ᙹ Ḳ⦽ ᱶᅕෝ ʑᨖ⦹۵ äᮡ ๅᬑ ᵲ⦹ʑ ভྙᯕ݅. ᕽእᜅ ᯕ⧪ᮥ ᭥⧕ ၹऽ ⦥⦽ Ğ ᬑa ᦥܩ໕ ᕽእᜅᱽŖᯱ۵ GDPDᨱ ᯕᬊᯱᨱí ᇥ⦹í Łḡᔍ⧎ᮥ ญŁ ࠺᮹
ෝ ၼᮡ Ğᬑᨱอ ႊྙᯱ᮹ ቭᬑᱡᨱ ᯩ۵ ᱶᅕෝ ᙹḲ·ᱡᰆ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
ڂÖ&6%BUB3FUFOUJPO%JSFDUJWF %3%×
Data Retention Directive)۵ ᱥᯱ☖ᝁᕽእᜅӹ Ŗᵲ☖ᝁօ✙ᬭⓍ ᔢᨱᕽ ᔾᖒࡹÑӹ ญࡽ ᱶᅕ᮹ ᅕ᳕᮹ྕෝ Ƚᱶ⦽ ᮁᩑ⧊ ḡ⋉ᯕ݅. ࠺ ḡ⋉ᨱ ᮁᩑ⧊ᨱᕽ ⪽࠺⦹Ł
ᯩ۵ ༉ु ᯙ░֘ᕽእᜅᱽŖᯱ(ISP)᪡ ᱥʑ☖ᝁᕽእᜅᱽŖᯱ۵ ↽ᗭ }ᬵᨱᕽ ↽ݡ }
ᬵʭḡ ᯕᬊᯱ᮹ ᘂᙹᝁ ᱥ⪵ჩ⪙, IPᵝᗭ, ᭥⊹ᱶᅕ, ✙௹⦞ ߑᯕ░ ॒᮹ ☖ᝁᱶᅕෝ ᅕ᳕
⧁ ᮹ྕෝ ḥ݅. ჵᴥ ᮹ᝍᮥ ၼŁ ᯩ۵ ᔍ௭ᐱอ ᦥܩ ᯝၹ ၝ᮹ ☖ᝁᱶᅕࠥ ༉ࢱ ᅕ᳕
ݡᔢᯕ݅. Ğₑŝ ᅕᦩʑšᮡ IPᵝᗭ, ᯕີᯝ·ᱥ⪵·▮ᜅ✙ີḡ᮹ ᘂᙹᝁ e ॒ŝ zᮡ
ᔢᖙ⦽ ᱶᅕෝ ʑ ᭥⧕ ᅕ᳕ ᱶᅕᨱ ݡ⦽ ᱲɝᮥ Ǎ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ݅อ, ⧕ݚ ᱶᅕᨱ ݡ⦽
ᱲɝᮡ ჶᬱ᮹ ⨩aa ᯩᨕอ a܆⦹݅.
μෞᇃਦལணኃᄐඋኔ
ᮁᩑ⧊ Ḳ⧪᭥ᬱ⫭۵ ↽ɝ ɪᄡ⦹۵ ᱶᅕ☖ᝁ ʑᚁ ⪹Ğ ᄡ⪵ᨱ ᧞ ֥ ᩍ eᨱ Ù
⊽ יಆ Ҿᨱ ֥ ᬵ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶ }⩢ᦩ( General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR))ᮥ ၽ⢽⦹ᩡ݅. ⫭ᬱǎษ݅ bʑ ݅í ᱢᬊࡹŁ ᯩ۵ ֥ 「General Data Pro- tection Directive」ᮥ ݡℕ⧕ᕽ ᱥ ᮁᰆᨱ Ḣᱲᱢᮝಽ ᱢᬊࡹ۵ ݉ᯝ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶ ℕ ᱽಽ ᱥ⪹⦹۵ äᯕ }⩢ᦩ᮹ ᵝࡽ ༊⢽ᯕ݅. GDPRᮡ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶ ݉ᯝ⪵᮹ ⦥ᖒᮥ
݅ᮭŝ zᮡ ྙᱽ᮹ᨱᕽ ᱲɝ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ᷪ ֥ GDPD۵ ᮁ Ğᱽ᮹ ɡಽჭ⪵ᨱ ݡ
⦽ ᯙᯕ ᇡ᳒⦹ᩡᮥ ᐱอ ᦥܩ, ᗭᖽօ✙ᬭⓍᕽእᜅ(SNS), ⓕᬑऽ ⍕⥉❦ ᕽእᜅ ॒ ŝ zᮡ ᔩಽᬕ ᱶᅕ☖ᝁʑᚁ᮹ ၽᱥᮥ ᩩᔢ⦹ḡ ༜⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ⥥ᯕქ ၰ }ᯙᱶᅕ ᅕ⪙
ෝ ᭥⦽ ᔩಽᬕ aᯕऽᯙ᮹ ⦥ᖒᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽࠥ ᯙᯕ ᨧᨩ݅۵ äᯕ݅.)
) Ŗ⋎ᮡ 「Directive //EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of March on the reten- tion of data generated or processed in connection with the provision of publicly available electronic communications services or of public communications networks and amending Directive //EC」ᯕ݅.
) Ŗ⋎ᮡ 「Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data」.
) European Commission, “Why do we need an EU data protection reform?”, //, (http://ec.europa.eu/
justice/newsroom/data-protection/news/_en.htm).
European Union
ᯕ۵ ࢱ aḡ ႊ⨆ᨱᕽ ྙᱽᱱᮥ ԔŁ ᯩ۵ߑ, ⦹ӹ۵ ⫭ᬱǎษ݅ bʑ ݅ෙ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙
ჶ᮹ ԕᬊᮝಽ ᯙ⧕ ʑᨦॅᯕ ᮁᩑ⧊ ԕᨱᕽ ʑᨦ ⪽࠺ᮥ ⦹۵ߑ ᇩ⦥⦹í እᬊŝ e
ᮥ Ԏእ⦹Ł ᯩ݅۵ äᯕ݅. ᯕ zᮡ ྙᱽᱱᮡ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶ᮹ Ƚᱽ ԕᬊŝ Ḳ⧪ ℕĥෝ
݉ᯝ⪵⧉ᮝಽ៉ ɚᅖࢁ ᙹ ᯩ݅Ł ᅕŁ ᯩ݅. ݅ෙ ⦹ӹ۵ ֥ GDPD᮹ ᅕ⪙ᙹ݉ŝ Ƚ ᱽ༉ߙᮡ ⩥ᰍ᮹ ʑᚁ ၽᱥᮥ ᩩᔢ⦹ḡ ༜⦽ Ԃᮡ äॅᯕᨕᕽ ᔩಽᬕ ᱶᅕ☖ᝁʑᚁ᮹ ॒ᰆ ᮝಽ ᯙ⧕ ᮁᩑ⧊ ၝॅ᮹ ⥥ᯕქ᪡ }ᯙᱶᅕa ᭥┽í ࡹᨕaŁ ᯩḡอ ᯕᨱ ݡ ᮲⦹Ł ᯩḡ ༜⦹݅۵ äᯕ݅.)
ᯕ᪡ zᮡ ྙᱽॅᮥ ⧕đ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ ᔩಽᬕ ᱶᅕ☖ᝁ ʑᚁŝ ᕽእᜅᨱ ฿í }ᯙᱶᅕ ᅕ⪙ჶ᮹ ᅕ⪙ᙹ݉ŝ Ƚᱽ༉ߙࠥ ⩥ݡ⪵ ࡹᨕ ⦽݅. ə్ӹ Ƚᱽ༉ߙ᮹ ݉ᯝ⪵۵ ⫭ᬱǎ ᮹ ᯦ჶǭ ᔢᝅᮥ ᬑಅ⦽ ᯝᇡ ǎaॅ᮹ ၹݡᨱ Ḣ໕⧕ ᯩŁ, ᅕ⪙ᙹ݉᮹ ⩥ݡ⪵۵ ᔩಽᬕ Ƚᱽእᬊ᮹ ᷾aෝ ᬑಅ⦽ ʑᨦॅಽᇡ░ vಆ⦽ ၹၽᮥ ၼŁ ᯩ݅. ᔩಽᬕ Ƚᱽa ᪅⯩ಅ ᮁ
Ğᱽ᮹ ᖒᰆŝ ⩢ᝁᮥ aಽสᮥ äᯕ۵ ᬑಅࠥ ᱽʑࡹŁ ᯩ݅. ᯕᨱ ᮁᩑ⧊ Ḳ
⧪᭥ᬱ⫭۵ ᔢݡᱢᮝಽ ၝq⦽ }ᯙᱶᅕᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽ۵ ᔩಽᬕ Ƚᱽ᮹ ᱢᬊᮥ ᯝᇡ ᱽ⦹
ā݅۵ ᱥ⨆ᱢᯙ ᯦ᰆᮥ ⢽⦽ ၵ ᯩŁ, ᯝᇡᨱᕽ۵ ֥ GDPRᮥ ℁⫭⧉ᮝಽ៉ ݉ᯝჶ ᱽᱶᮥ ⡍ʑ⦹Ł ֥ GDPDෝ }ᱶ⦹۵ äᯕ ၵ௭Ḣ⦹݅۵ ᵝᰆࠥ ӹ᪅Ł ᯩ݅.
݉ᯝ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶ ℕᱽ ᯦ࠥᮥ aᰆ ၹݡ⦹۵ ⫭ᬱǎᮡ ᩢǎᯕ݅. əၷᨱ ߕษⓍ, ᜍಽ ᄁܩᦥ, ᄉḡᬡ, ⨾aญ, ᜅᭉߕ ॒ᯕ ၹݡ⦹۵ ᯦ᰆᨱ ᯩ݅. ၹ໕ᨱ ࠦᯝ, ⥥௲ᜅ, ᜅ⟹ᯙ, ᇩ aญᦥ, օऽ, ൊᖩቭə, ᯕ┩ญᦥ, əญᜅ, ᦥᯝऽ ॒ᮡ ݉ᯝჶ ℕᱽᨱ ₍ᖒ⦹۵ ᯦ ᰆᯕ݅.) GDPRᮡ ֥ ᬵ ᯝ Ŗ⢽ࡹᨕ, ֥ ⬥ᯙ ֥ʭḡ ⫭ᬱǎŝ ᮁ᮹⫭᮹
₥┾ᮥ ༊⢽ಽ ⦹Ł ᯩᮝ໑, əಽᇡ░ ֥ ⬥ᯙ ֥ ⧪ᮥ ༊⢽ಽ ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
νÖ଼൫৳ဢඤඤኳੲဢ ༬ ×ၔྦକྭ
ᦿ ᱩᨱᕽ ᔕ⠕ᅙ ၵ᪡ zᯕ ֥ GDPR(ᯝၹ }ᯙᱶᅕ ᅕ⪙Ƚᱶᦩ)ᮡ ᮁᩑ⧊ ʑᨦ
ॅ᮹ Ğᰢಆ v⪵᪡ ॵḡ▙ Ğᱽ⩢ᝁᯕ۵ ⓑ ༊⢽ ᦥ௹, ⦽⠙ᮝಽ۵ }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ ᬊᯕ⦽ ᙹ
) European Commission, “Why do we need an EU data protection reform?”, //, (http://ec.europa.eu/
justice/newsroom/data-protection/news/_en.htm).
) UK continues to oppose new single EU data protection law regime, Nov , (http://www.out-law.com/en/
articles//november/uk-continues-to-oppose-new-single-eu-data-protection-law-regime/).
Ḳ·ᯕᬊŝ ǎ ᯕᱥᮥ ᅕᰆ⦹ʑ ᭥⦽ ʑᵡ·ᱩ₉ ၰ ႊჶ᮹ ⫮ʑᱢᯕŁ ŝq⦽ }ᖁŝ šญ·
⧪ᱶእᬊ᮹ ᱩq ᰆ⊹ෝ ษಉ⦹Ł ݅ෙ ⦽⠙ᮝಽ۵ ⓕᬑऽ⍕⥉❦, ᔍ⫭šĥᕽእᜅ ॒ ᔩí ॒ᰆ⦽ ᱶᅕ☖ᝁʑᚁᨱ ݡ᮲⧁ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ v⪵ ႊᦩᮥ ษಉ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ə్ӹ ᯕ
᪡ zᮡ ༊⢽ᨱࠥ ᇩǍ⦹Ł ᔩಽᬕ ჶᦩ᮹ ᖅᕽӹ ⪮ᅕᯱഭ ᨕॵᨱࠥ aᰆ ↽ɝᨱ ם᮹ࡹ
Ł ᯩ۵ ኦߑᯕ░ᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽ۵ ᨕਁ⦽ ᨙɪࠥ ᨧ݅۵ ᱱᮡ ᦥᯕ్ܩŁ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ኦߑᯕ
░ᨱ ݡ⦽ ᮁǎaॅ᮹ ᗭɚᱢᯙ ᱶᕽෝ əݡಽ ၹᩢ⦽ äᯕŁ ᅝ ᙹ ᨧ݅.
Թ୨࣪ฆଲฃ౸
Ԯܒ׆֜ଭଵฃ
֥ GDPRᮡ ǎĞᨧ۵ ॵḡ▙ Ğᱽ ⪹Ğᨱᕽ ᮁʑᨦॅ᮹ ǎᱽ Ğᰢಆ v⪵ෝ ༊⢽
ಽ ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ᯕᨱ ⩥ᰍ۵ ᮁ ʑᨦॅᯕ ᩍ్ ⫭ᬱǎᨱᕽ ʑᨦ ⪽࠺ᮥ ⧁ ভ ӹษ݅
bb ᯙ, ⨩a, qࠦ ॒ᮥ ၼᦥ ⧩ᮝӹ GDPRᨱ ෝ Ğᬑ ᨕ۱ ⦽ ⫭ᬱǎᨱᕽ ᯙ, ⨩ a, qࠦ ॒ᮥ ၼᮝ໕ ᱥℕ ᮁᩑ⧊ᨱᕽ ݅ ᯙ, ⨩a, qࠦ ॒ᮥ ၼᮥ ⦥a ᨧí ࡽ݅.
݅อ, ɝಽᯱ᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽ۵ bb }ᄥ ⫭ᬱǎ᮹ Ƚᱽෝ ၼ۵݅.)
Թ୨࣪ళࠤ݊ߧ୪ܑඍ
⩥⧪ჶ ⦹ᨱᕽ }ᯙᱶᅕญᯱ۵ ᯱᝁ᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕญ ⪽࠺ᮥ qࠦʑšᨱ ᝁŁ⦹ᩍ ⦹ Ł ᝁŁእᬊࠥ ḡᇩ⧕ ⦽݅. ə్ӹ ֥ GDPRᨱᕽ۵ ᯕ᪡ zᮡ ☖ḡ ᮹ྕa ⠱ḡࡹ
ᨩ݅. ə్ӹ }ᯙᱶᅕญᯱ ੱ۵ ญᯱෝ ݡᝁ⧕ᕽ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ญ⦹۵ ᯱ۵ ᯱᝁ᮹ ₦ ᯥ ᦥ௹ }ᯙᱶᅕ ญ⪽࠺ᨱ š⦽ ༉ु ᔍ⧎ᮥ ʑಾ⦹ᩍ ᅕš⦹ᩍ ⦽݅.)
⩥⧪ჶ ⦹ᨱᕽ ʑᨦᯕ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ᱽǎᮝಽ ᯕᱥ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ ĥ᧞ ॒᮹ ႊჶᮝಽ ᱽ
) European Commission, “How will the EU’s data protection reform strengthen the internal market?”, //.
) European Commission, “How will the EU’s data protection reform simplify the existing rules?”, //.
European Union
ǎ᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕ ᙹಚᯱa ᮁᩑ⧊᮹ ჶಚᮥ ᵡᙹ⧁ äᮥ ᅕ᷾⦹Ł ᯕᨱ ݡ⧕ ၙญ qࠦʑš ᮹ ᯙᮥ ၼᦥ ⦽݅. ə్ӹ ֥ GDPRᮡ ʑ᳕ᨱ š⧪ᱢᮝಽ ᯙᱶࡹᨕ᪉ BCRᱽࠥ
ෝ ྙᮝಽ ᯙᱶ⦹Ł ӹᦥa ᱽࠥෝ ᅕ݅ e⠙⦹í }ᖁ⦹ᩡ݅. BCR(binding corporate rules)ᯕ ݅ǎᱢ ʑᨦᯕӹ ʑᨦḲ݉ᯕ ǎĞᮥ չᨕᕽ ᔢ⪙eᨱ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ᯕᱥ·Ŗᮁ⦹Ł
ᯱ ⧁ ভ ᮁᩑ⧊᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶᮥ ᵡᙹ⦹ʑ ᭥⦹ᩍ Łᦩࡽ ᱽࠥᯕ݅. ᷪ ᮁᩑ⧊ ⫭ ᬱǎ ԕᨱ ᖅพࡽ ʑᨦᯕ ᱽǎ᮹ ĥᩕᔍ ॒ᨱí }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ᯕᱥ⦹Łᯱ ⧁ ভ ʑᨦḲ݉ᮥ
Ǎᖒ⦹۵ ༉ु ʑᨦॅᯕ ᵡᙹ⧕ ⧁ ʑᨦȽ⊺ᮥ ᯲ᖒ⦹Ł ə ᵡᙹෝ ᅕ᷾⦹ᩍ qࠦʑš᮹
ᯙᮥ ၼ۵ ᱽࠥᯕ݅. ⩥ᰍ۵ b ⫭ᬱǎ᮹ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼᦥ ⦹ӹ, ֥ GDPRᨱ ໕ ⦹ ӹ᮹ ⫭ᬱǎᨱᕽอ ᯙᮥ ၼᮝ໕ ࡽ݅. ᯕᨱ ໕ ⓕᬑऽ ⍕⥉❦ ⪹Ğ ⦹ᨱᕽ ʑᨦॅ
ᮡ ᅕ݅ ᛞŁ ᦩᱥ⦹í }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ǎಽ ᯕᱥ⧁ ᙹ ᯩí ࡽ݅.)
Թ୨࣪࣪Գฃ౸
Թ୨࣪۩୨ଭଭ෮۩ฃ
⩥⧪ჶ ⦹ᨱᕽ۵ ✚ᱶ }ᯙᮥ ᄥ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ႊჶᮝಽ ᝁᬱ᷾ჩ⪙ ੱ۵ ᝁℕᱢ · ᔾญ ᱢ · ᱶᝁᱢ · Ğᱽᱢ · ྙ⪵ᱢ · ᔍ⫭ᱢ ᱶℕᖒᮥ ॅŁ ᯩᮝӹ ֥ GDPRᮡ ᯕ᪡ zᮡ ᱥ
☖ᱢᯙ ᄥႊჶ ᨱ IPᵝᗭ, ⑁┅ᱶᅕ ॒ŝ zᮡ ᪉ᯙ ᄥᯱ(online identifier)᪡ ᭥⊹
ᱶᅕෝ ᱢᮝಽ ⇵a⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ᪉ᯙ ᄥᯱa }ᯙᱶᅕᨱ ⧕ݚ⦹۵ḡ ᩍᇡᨱ ݡ⦽ ə
࠺ᦩ᮹ םᮥ ᰁᰍᬑʑ ᭥⦽ äᮝಽ ᅕᯙ݅(ᱽ᳑()).
ܛଭࢺ࣑ଭઠգฃࢫܛଭଭஹథହড
⩥⧪ჶ ⦹ᨱᕽ۵ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼᮥ ভ “༉⪙⦹ḡ ᦫí(unambiguously)”อ ၼᮝ໕ ࡹӹ,
֥ GDPRᮡ “ᱢᯙ(explicit)” ႊჶᮝಽ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼࠥಾ ⦹ᩍ ࠺᮹᮹ Õᮥ v⪵⦹۵ ⦽
⠙, }ᯙᱶᅕญᯱಽ ⦹ᩍɩ ࠺᮹᮹ ᳕ᰍᨱ ݡ⦽ ᯦᷾₦ᯥᮥ ḡࠥಾ ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ੱ⦽ }ᯙ ᱶᅕญᨱ ݡ⦽ ࠺᮹ෝ ݅ෙ ྙᱽ᪡ šಉࡽ ᕽ໕ ḥᚁ ᗮᨱ ⡍⧉⍽ ၼᮥ ভᨱ۵ ݅ෙ ྙ
) European Commission, “How will the EU’s data protection reform make international cooperation easier?”,
//.
ᱽ᪡ Ǎᇥࢁ ᙹ ᯩࠥಾ ࠺᮹ Õᮥ ᱽ⦹ᩍ ⦽݅(ᱽ᳑() ၰ ᱽ᳑).
ੰܛଭ֫ࠤ࣪Գฃ
⩥⧪ჶᨱᕽ۵ ᦥ࠺᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕ ญᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᦥྕ ჶᱢ Ƚᱽa ᨧ݅. ə్ӹ ֥
GDPRᮡ ᦥ࠺᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ᱢɚᱢᮝಽ ᅕ⪙⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ᷪ ᖙ ၙอ ᦥ࠺᮹ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼᮥ
ভᨱ۵ ᇡ༉ ੱ۵ ᅕ⪙ᯱ᮹ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼᦥ ⦽݅. ᯕᨱ ᦿᮝಽ ᮁᩑ⧊ᨱᕽ۵ ᦥ࠺ᮥ
ᔢݡಽ ⦽ ʑᨦ ⪽࠺ᯕ ᨕಖí ࡹᨩ݅(ᱽ᳑ ᱽ⧎(f) ၰ ᱽ᳑).
ᱶᅕᵝℕa }ᯙᱶᅕญᨱ ݡ⦽ ࠺᮹ෝ ℁⫭⦹Ñӹ }ᯙᱶᅕญᨱ ၹݡ⦹Ñӹ ญ ༊ ᱢᨱ እ⇵ᨕ }ᯙᱶᅕa ᯕᔢ ⦥ ᨧí ࡽ Ğᬑᨱ۵ ⧕ݚ ᱶᅕෝ ḡℕ ᨧᯕ ᔎᱽ⦹ᩍ
⦽݅. ੱ⦽ }ᯙᱶᅕญᯱa }ᯙᱶᅕෝ Ŗ}⦽ Ğᬑᨱ۵ Ŗ}ࡽ ᱶᅕᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ʑᚁᱢ ᳑
⊹ෝ ⡍⧉⦽ ᱢᱩ⦽ ᳑⊹ෝ ≉⧕ ⦹Ł, ᱶᅕᵝℕa ᯱᝁ᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕᨱ ݡ⦽ ᅖᱽ · ᅖᔍ · ยⓍ᮹ ᵲ݉ᮥ Ǎ⧕ ᪉ Ğᬑᨱ۵ ⧕ݚ ᱶᅕෝ ญ · ≉ɪ⦹Ł ᯩ۵ ᱽᯱᨱí šಉ ᔍᝅ
ᮥ ต ᮹ྕa ᯩᮝ໑, }ᯙᱶᅕญᯱa ᱽᯱᨱí }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ Ŗ}ෝ ⨩⦽ Ğᬑᨱ۵ əᨱ ݡ⦽ ₦ᯥᮥ ᇡݕ⧕ ⦽݅(ᱽ᳑).
}ᯙᱶᅕญᯱ۵ ᱽ⣩ᯕӹ ᕽእᜅෝ Łᦩ⦹۵ ݉ĥᨱᕽᇡ░ Ł~᮹ ⥥ᯕქ ᅕ⪙ෝ
Łಅ⦹ᩍ ⦽݅. ᷪ ᱽ⣩ᯕӹ ᕽእᜅෝ Łᦩ⧁ ভᨱ۵ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ↽ᗭ⦽ᮝಽ ᙹḲ⦹ࠥಾ
ᖅĥ⦹ᩍ ⦹Ł, }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ Ŗ}ෝ ॵ⡕✙ಽ ᖅᱶ⧕ᕽ۵ ᦩ ࡽ݅(ᱽ᳑).
}ᯙᱶᅕญᯱ۵ ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ Ǎa ᯩ۵ Ğᬑ ญ ᵲᯙ }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ ᱥᯱᱢ ᅖᔍᅙᮥ
☖ᔢᱢᮝಽ ᯕᬊ a܆⦽ ⩶┽ಽ ᱽŖ⦹ᩍ ⦹Ł, ᯕᬊᯱa ݅ෙ }ᯙᱶᅕญᯱᨱí ᱥᯱ
ᱢᯙ ႊჶᮝಽ ᯕᱥᮥ Ǎ⧕ ᪉ Ğᬑᨱ۵ ᯕᨱ ⦽݅. ə్ӹ }ᯙᱶᅕ ᯕᱥ Ǎǭ
ᮡ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙᮹ ༊ᱢᯕʑ ᅕ݅۵ ᗭᖽ օ✙ᬭⓍ ᕽእᜅӹ ⓕᬑऽ ⍕⥉❦ ᕽእᜅෝ
European Union
᭥⦽ Ƚᱽಽ ᅕ۵ äᯕ ┡ݚ⧁ äᯕ݅(ᱽ᳑).
ճଭࡿଭค۩
⩥⧪ჶ ⦹ᨱᕽ۵ }ᯙᱶᅕ ᙹḲ }ᯙᱶᅕญᯱ ၰ ə ݡญᯙ᮹ ᝁᬱ, }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ ญ༊ᱢ, ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ ǭญ ॒ᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽอ ญ໕ ࡹӹ, ֥ GDPRᮡ ᯕᨱ ⦹ᩍ }ᯙᱶ ᅕ᮹ ᅕšʑe, }ᯙᱶᅕญᯱ ၰ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙₦ᯥᯱ᮹ ᝁᬱŝ ᩑ, qࠦʑš᮹ ᩑ
, ᱽǎ ᯕᱥ ᨱ۵ ᯕᱥ⦹Łᯱ ⦹۵ ᮹ࠥ ॒ᨱ š⦽ ᱶᅕࠥ ญࠥಾ Ǎ⦹Ł ᯩ݅(ᱽ
᳑).
Թ୨࣪࣪థହୀ୨ࢫԹ୨࣪ళࠤࢺಅվԹଭࡿฃ
༉ु ŖŖʑšŝ ᳦ᨦᬱ ᙹa ᯕᔢᯙ ၝeʑᨦ əญŁ ᱶᅕᵝℕᨱ ݡ⦽ ℕĥᱢᯙ
༉ܩ░ยᮥ ᵝࡽ ᨦྕಽ ⦹۵ ᯱ۵ ᳑Ḣ ԕ᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ ⍕⥭ᯕᨙᜅෝ ₦ᯥḩ }ᯙᱶ ᅕᅕ⪙₦ᯥᯱ(Data Protection Officers)ෝ ḡᱶ⦹ᩍ ⦽݅(ᱽ᳑). ੱ⦽ }ᯙᱶᅕญᯱ
۵ ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ ǭญ ⧪ᔍෝ ḡᬱ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ ⚍⦹Ł ᛞí ᱲɝ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ႊ⋉
ᮥ w⇵ᨕ ⦹Ł, }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ ญ᪡ šಉࡽ ᱶᅕෝ ⪶⦹Ł ᇥ⦽ ᨙᨕෝ ᔍᬊ⦹ᩍ ᦥᅕʑ ᛍᬕ ⩶┽ಽ ᱶᅕᵝℕᨱí ᱽŖ⧕ ⦽݅(ᱽ᳑).
}ᯙᱶᅕญᯱ۵ }ᯙᱶᅕ ⋉⧕ ᔍᝅᮥ í ࡽ ভᨱ۵ a܆⦽ e ᯕԕᨱ qࠦʑ šᨱ ⋉⧕ᔍᝅᮥ ☖ḡ⦹ᩍ ⦹Ł, ᱶᅕᵝℕᨱí ᇡᱶᱢᯙ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ᵥ äᮝಽ ᩩᔢࡹ۵ Ğ ᬑᨱ۵ qࠦʑšᨱ ݡ⦽ ☖ḡ ⬥ ᱶᅕᵝℕᨱíࠥ ḡℕ ᨧᯕ ə ᔍᝅᮥ ☖ḡ⦹ᩍ ⦽݅(ᱽ
᳑ ၰ ᱽ᳑). ⩥⧪ჶ ⦹ᨱᕽ۵ }ᯙᱶᅕ ⋉⧕ᨱ š⦽ ᯝၹᱢᯙ ☖ḡ᮹ྕ۵ ᨧŁ, }ᱶ E-Privacy Directive ᱽ᳑ ᱽ⧎ᯕ ☖ᝁᕽእᜅᱽŖᯱᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽอ }ᯙᱶᅕ ⋉⧕ᨱ ݡ⦽ ☖ ḡ᮹ྕෝ ᇡᩍ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
}ᯙᱶᅕญᯱ ੱ۵ əෝ ݡᝁ⧕ᕽ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ญ⦹۵ ᯱ۵ ⧕ݚ }ᯙᱶᅕ ญ᮹ ✚
ᖒ, ჵ᭥, ༊ᱢ ॒ᮝಽ ᯙ⧕ }ᯙᱶᅕ ญ ŝᱶᨱ ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ ǭญ᪡ ᯱᮁa ᭥⩲ၼᮥ ᬑಅ a ᯩ۵ Ğᬑᨱ۵ ၙญ ⧕ݚ }ᯙᱶᅕญa }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ᨱ ၙ⋁ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ⠪a⦹ᩍ ⦽݅.
✚⯩ }ᯙᱶᅕ ⥥ಽ❭ᯕย, ၝqᱶᅕ ญ, Ŗ} ᰆᗭᨱ ݡ⦽ ༉ܩ░ย, ᦥ࠺ᱶᅕ·ᮁᱥᱶᅕ·
ၵᯕ᪅ᱶᅕෝ ⡍⧉⦹Ł ᯩ۵ ݡȽ༉ ❭ᯝย ᜅ▽ ॒ᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽ۵ ၹऽ ᩢ⨆⠪aෝ ᝅ
⧕ ⦽݅(ᱽ᳑).
ξକ৳ဢඤඤኳඋဤྏෝੑ
ᮁᩑ⧊ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶ᮹ Ƚᱽᙹᵡᮡ ๅᬑ v⦽ äᮝಽ ಅᲙ ᯩḡอ, ᬑญӹ᮹ Ƚ ᱽᙹᵡᮡ ᮁᩑ⧊ᮥ ⭉ᦍ ܆a⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ↽ɝ ᮁᩑ⧊ ԕᨱᕽ ḥ⧪ࡹŁ ᯩ۵ ᱥႊ᭥ᱢᯙ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶ }⩢ ŝᱶᨱᕽ ኦߑᯕ░ᨱ š⦽ םᰢᯕ Ñ᮹ ၽčࡹḡ ᦫ۵ äᮡ ኦߑᯕ░
ᨱ š⦽ ᮁǎaॅ᮹ šᝍᯕ ᱢʑ ভྙᯕʑࠥ ⦹ḡอ ⩥⧪ჶ ԕᨱᕽࠥ ኦߑᯕ░ෝ ⪽ᬊ⦹
۵ äᨱ ⓑ ᰆᧁa ᨧʑ ভྙᯕŁࠥ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ᷪ ֥ GDPDᮡ ☖ĥ༊ᱢ ၰ ᩑǍ༊
ᱢ᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕ ᙹḲ·ᯕᬊ·ᱽŖ·Ŗ} ॒ᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽ ๅᬑ ᬑ⪙ᱢᯕŁ, əၷᨱ ᩍ్ aḡ ⊂໕ᨱ ᕽ ǎԕჶŝ۵ ݍญ ኦߑᯕ░ෝ ⪽ᬊ⧁ ⪹Ğᯕ w⇵ᨕᲙ ᯩ݅.
Թ୨࣪ଭୡ࣑ళࠤ૬Ս
ᬑญӹ۵ }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ ᙹḲ·ᯕᬊ ੱ۵ ༊ᱢ ᯕᬊ·ᱽŖ᮹ Õᯕ ๅᬑ ᨥĊ⦹ᩍ ᱶᅕᵝ ℕ᮹ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼḡ ᦥܩ⦹Ł }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ᙹḲ·ᯕᬊ⦹Ñӹ ᱽŖ⦹۵ äᮡ ๅᬑ ᨕಖ݅. ✚⯩
「ᱶᅕ☖ᝁ ᯕᬊⅪḥ ၰ ᱶᅕᅕ⪙॒ᨱ š⦽ ჶශ」(ᯕ⦹ “ᱶᅕ☖ᝁჶ”ᯕ ⦽݅)ᨱᕽ۵ ĥ᧞ᮥ ℕđ⦹Ł ᯕ⧪⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ᕽ Ύ ⦥⦽ }ᯙᱶᅕ ᳑₉ࠥ ᯕᬊᯱ᮹ ࠺᮹a ᯩᨕอ } ᯙᱶᅕෝ ᙹḲ·ᯕᬊ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ჶශᨱ ✚ᄥ⦽ Ƚᱶᯕ ᯩÑӹ Ğᱽᱢ·ʑᚁᱢ ᔍᮁಽ ☖ᔢᱢ ᯙ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼ۵ äᯕ ૽ಘ⦹í Ņ⦽ Ğᬑอ ࠺᮹᮹ྕa ໕ᱽࡹᨕ ᔍᝅᔢ ࠺᮹ෝ }ᯙᱶᅕ ᙹḲ·ᯕᬊᮥ ᭥⦽ ᬱ⊺ᮝಽ ₥┾⦽ äᯕ݅.
「}ᯙᱶᅕ ᅕ⪙ჶ」ᮡ ᱶᅕ☖ᝁჶᨱ እ⦹ᩍ ᙹḲ·ᯕᬊᯕӹ ᱽŖ Õᮥ ᳡ ᮁᩑ⦹í Ƚᱶ⦹Ł ᯩᮝӹ ᮁᩑ⧊ ḡ⋉ᨱ እ⦹໕ ᩎ ᨥĊ⦹݅. ᩩ⍉ݡ ᬑญӹ 「}ᯙᱶᅕ ᅕ⪙
ჶ」ᨱᕽ۵ ĥ᧞᮹ ℕđ ၰ ᯕ⧪ᮥ ᭥⧕ᕽ Ύ ⦥⦽ }ᯙᱶᅕ, }ᯙᱶᅕญᯱ᮹ ᱶݚ⦽ ᯕ ᯖᮥ ᅕ⪙⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ᕽ Ύ ⦥⦽ }ᯙᱶᅕࠥ ༊ᱢ ಽ ᯕᬊ⦹Ñӹ ᱽŖ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ ᱶ ᅕᵝℕ᮹ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼᦥ ⦹Ł, ੱ⦽ ☖ĥ᯲ᖒ ၰ ŝ⦺ᩑǍෝ ༊ᱢᮝಽ ⦹۵ }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ ༊
European Union
ᱢ ᯕᬊ·ᱽŖࠥ ⧕ݚ ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ }ᯙ ᄥᖒᮥ ᱽÑ⦹ḡ ᦥܩ⦹໕ ༊ᱢ ಽ ᯕᬊ·ᱽŖ
⧁ ᙹ ᨧ݅.)
ᯕᨱ ၹ⧕ ֥ GDPDᨱᕽ۵ ĥ᧞᮹ ℕđ ၰ ᯕ⧪ᮥ ᭥⧕ᕽ ⦥⦽ Ğᬑ۵ ྜྷುᯕŁ } ᯙᱶᅕญᯱ᮹ ᱶݚ⦽ ᯕᯖᮥ ᅕ⪙⧁ ⦥a ᯩ۵ Ğᬑᨱࠥ ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ ࠺᮹ ᨧᯕ }ᯙᱶ ᅕ᮹ ᙹḲ·ᯕᬊ·ᱽŖᯕ a܆⦹Ł, ᩎᔍ·☖ĥ·ŝ⦺ ༊ᱢ᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕࠥ ✚ᄥ⦽ ᅕ⪙᳑⊹อ ≉
⧕ḡ໕ ༊ᱢ ᯕᬊ ၰ ᱽŖᯕ a܆⦹݅. ᯕᨱ ᮁᩑ⧊ᮡ ኦߑᯕ░᮹ ⪽ᬊᨱ ᯩᨕᕽ
⩥⧪ჶᮝಽࠥ ⓑ ᰆᧁa ᨧḡอ, ᬑญӹᨱᕽ۵ ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼᦥ ⧕ᕽ ኦߑᯕ░
᮹ ⪽ᬊᯕ ⩥ᝅᱢᮝಽ ᛞḡ ᦫ݅.
ඝ Թ୨࣪ுÂଲՍण֗
Թ୨࣑࣪࣪ ୪ ୨࣪ധ࠷࣑ ୪
୨࣪ச఼ଭܛଭ ଲୀଭܛଭ ୨࣪ச఼ଭܛଭ
࣑ࠔଭָ୨ށۀ࣑ߡঃଭ
ࡿஜ ଲ࣑ށۀ࣑ۗࠛࠔଭָ୨ Թ୨࣪ళࠤୀଭ࣑ୡଭࡿஜ
࣑ߡ݊ছ୨ۀীւડࡿෘ
վվ׆ւ Թ୨࣪ళࠤୀށۀߡୀଭվୡ
֫ෘॷ
ծઊଭ఼էࢫଲෘ
ծઊଲෘଡ ැ ෂ૬ Թ୨࣪
լ୪ୡÂ׆২ୡ ॷକߦ ധঃୡ
ܛଭࠜࢲۀՓଲދߟ՚յޯ
լ
ծઊ఼էࢫଲෘ
୨࣪ச఼ ށۀ ୪ୀଭ ׂࢮ ࡣÂ఼Â୍ॺঃଲଳ࣪ ୨࣪ச
఼ށۀֻ࣑୨۩ࠤଭܛଭࠜࢲ ଡઢۀլ
୨࣪ச఼ଭ୨ۥଲଳ࣪
Թ୨࣪ళࠤୀଭ୨ۥଲଳۜন ࡣࢽํ ୨࣪ச఼ଭ ֫ࠤ࣪ۗ ট
ۀլ
૬ׁ୨ॺଡැෂ૬լ Թ୨࣪ళࠤୀށۀߡୀଭ୨ۥ
ଲଳ࣪
) ᬑญӹᨱᕽ۵ Pseudonymization᪡ Anonymizationෝ Ǎᇥ⦹ḡ ᦫŁ ༉ࢱ “ᯖ⪵”۵ ݉ᨕಽ ⧕ᕾ⧕ᕽ ᔍᬊ⦹
Ł ᯩᮝӹ, ᮁᨱᕽ۵ ᧲ᯱෝ ᨥĊ⯩ Ǎᇥ⧕ᕽ ᔍᬊ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ᷪ ߑᯕ░ෝ ᯖ⪵ ⧁ ভᨱ۵ Pseudonymizationᮥ
ᔍᬊ⦹Ł እᄥ⪵ ⧁ ভᨱ۵ Anonymizationᮥ ᔍᬊ⦽݅. ᱥᯱ۵ ᯖ⪵ෝ ⦹ࠥ ᩍᱥ⯩ }ᯙᱶᅕᯕӹ ⬥ᯱ۵ እᄥ⪵ ⦹ᩡʑ ভྙᨱ }ᯙᱶᅕಽ ᅕḡ ᦥܩ⦽݅. ᕽ Anonymizedࡽ ߑᯕ░۵ ᯱᮁí ᔍᬊ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ᯱ ᖙ⦽ ԕᬊᮡ ᯕჵ, 「ኦߑᯕ░᮹ ᪅⧕᪡ ḥᝅ」(..., ǎ⫭ יᬦ௹᮹ᬱᝅ ၰ ךᔪᗭእᯱᱥǎᩑ⧊ Ŗ࠺ ᵝ↽
ၽ⢽ᯱഭ) ₙ᳑
ඝ Թ୨࣪ࡧୡଲÂ୪վՍण֗
Թ୨࣑࣪࣪ ୪ ୨࣪ധ࠷࣑ ୪ ୪ଭ
୨࣪ச఼ଭܑܛଭ ଲୀଭܛଭ ୨࣪ச఼ଭܛଭ
࣑ۗࠛࠔଭָ୨ ଲ࣑ށۀ࣑ۗࠛࠔָ୨ Թ୨࣪ళࠤୀଭ࣑ୡଭࡿஜ
࣑ߡ݊ছ୨ۀীւડࡿෘ
վվ׆ւ Թ୨࣪ళࠤୀށۀߡୀଭվୡ
֫ෘॷ
ծઊଲෘଡ ැ ෂ૬ Թ୨࣪
լ୪ୡÂ׆২ୡॷକߦധঃୡ
ܛଭࠜࢲۀՓଲދߟ՚յޯ ծઊ఼էࢫଲෘ
୨࣪ச఼ ށۀ ୪ୀଭ ׂࢮ ࡣÂ఼Â୍ॺঃ ଲଳ࣪ ୨࣪ச
఼ށۀֻ࣑୨۩ࠤଭܛଭࠜࢲ ଡઢۀլ
୨࣪ச఼ଭ୨ۥଲଳ࣪
૬ׁ୨ॺଡැෂ૬լ Թ୨࣪ళࠤୀށۀߡୀଭ୨ۥ
ଲଳ࣪
ധծୁনࢫ২֜݊ࡧୡ ਐ
ন୪Ջบ୪վ લॷÂധծÂրࡧୡళࠤ
ੲୢ౿Ս
Թ୨࣪ళࠤਏճॷා
ᮁᩑ⧊ŝ ᬑญӹ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶ᮹ ੱ ݅ෙ ✚Ḷᮡ }ᯙᱶᅕ ᙹḲ·ᯕᬊ ၰ ᱽŖᨱ š
⦽ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼᮥ ভ ᱶᅕᵝℕᨱí Łḡ⧕ ⦹۵ Łḡᔍ⧎᮹ ₉ᯕᨱ ᯩ݅. ᮁᩑ⧊ᨱᕽ۵ e݉⦹í }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ ญ༊ᱢᮥ ญŁ ࠺᮹a vᱽᱢᯙ äᯙḡ ᩍᇡ᪡ Ñᇡᨱ ෙ ᇩᯕ ᯖᯕ ᯩ۵ Ğᬑ ə ᇩᯕᯖ ॒อ ญŁ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼᮝ໕ ࡽ݅. }ᯙᱶᅕ ᙹḲ ᙹḲ⦹۵ } ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ ⧎༊ŝ }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ ᅕᮁ ၰ ᯕᬊʑeᮥ ᯝᯝᯕ ญḡ ᦫᦥࠥ ࡽ݅. ᱽᯱ ᱽŖ ᨱࠥ ᱽᯱ ᱽŖ᮹ ༊ᱢŝ ᱽŖၼ۵ ᯱ ੱ۵ ə ჵᵝอ ญ໕ ࡹŁ, ᱽŖၼᮡ ᯱ᮹ ᯕᮥ
ᯝᯝᯕ Ñ⧕ᕽ ಅ ⧁ ⦥a ᨧᮝ໑, ᱽŖ⦹í ࢁ }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ ⧎༊ᮥ ᯝᯝᯕ Ñ⦹
ḡ ᦫᦥࠥ ࡽ݅. }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ᱽŖၼí ࢁ ᯱ᮹ ჵᵝෝ ಅᵝ۵ äอᮝಽ ∊ᇥ⦹Ł, }ᯙᱶ ᅕa ญࡹ۵ ✚ᱶ⦽ ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽ ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ ǭญෝ ᅕ⪙⦹ʑ ᭥⦹ᩍ ⦥⦽ ⦽ࠥ ԕᨱᕽ ᙹ Ḳ ੱ۵ ᱽŖᯕ ࢁ }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ ჵᵝอ ಅࠥ ࡽ݅.
ᯕᨱ ၹ⦹ᩍ ᬑญӹᨱᕽ۵ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ᙹḲ⦹Ñӹ ༊ᱢ ಽ ᯕᬊ·ᱽŖ⦹ʑ ᭥⦹ᩍ ࠺
European Union
᮹ෝ ၼᮥ ভ ᙹḲ ੱ۵ ᯕᬊ·ᱽŖ⦹ಅ۵ }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ ⧎༊ᮥ ᱶᅕᵝℕᨱí ᯝᯝᯕ ญŁ ࠺ ᮹ෝ ၼᦥ ⦹໑, }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ᱽᯱᨱí ᱽŖ⦹Łᯱ ⧁ ভᨱ۵ ᱽŖၼí ࢁ ᱽᯱ᮹ ᯕ
ᮥ Ǎℕᱢᮝಽ ᩕÑ⦹ᩍ ⦽݅. ə đŝ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼᮥ ݚᨱ Ǎℕᱢᮝಽ ✚ᱶࡹḡ ᦥܩ⦽
}ᯙᱶᅕ۵ ᙹḲ·ᯕᬊ·ᱽŖࢁ ᙹ ᨧŁ, ੱ⦽ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼᮥ ݚᨱ Ǎℕᱢᮝಽ ✚ᱶࡹᨕ ᯩḡ ᦥܩ⦽ ᔍ௭ᨱí۵ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ᱽŖ⧁ ᙹ ᨧ݅. ᕽ ǎԕჶᮡ ֥ GDPD᪡ ݍญ ݅ ᙹ᮹ ᱶ⩶ ၰ እᱶ⩶ ߑᯕ░ෝ ᯱ࠺ᱢᮝಽ ᙹḲ·ญ⦹Ł ݅᧲⦽ ༊ᱢᮝಽ ᯕᬊ·ᱽŖ⧁ ä
ᮥ ᱥᱽಽ ⦹Ł ᯩ۵ ኦߑᯕ░ ⪹Ğᨱ۵ ᇡᱢ⧊⦹݅.
ඝ Թ୨࣪ுÂଲਏճॷාण֗
Թ୨࣑࣪࣪ ୪ ୨࣪ധ࠷࣑ ୪ ڂ(%1% ୪
Թ୨࣪ுÂଲࡧୡ Թ୨࣪ுÂଲࡧୡ Թ୨࣪ଭళࠤࡧୡ
ுߙۀԹ୨࣪ଭාࡧ ுۀԹ୨࣪ଭාࡧ
Թ୨࣪ଭ࣪କࢫଲ׆ԩ Թ୨࣪ଭ࣪କÂଲ׆ԩ ܛଭՋऀ֫ଭ୍ॷਓࢫܛଭՋ
ऀݗࠛऄଲଳଭٛ ܛଭଭԳ୪নऀࢫՋऀਏଭऄ
ଲଳ ୨࣪୦ֽ֫ࢫ୨୨૬֜֫
ඝ Թ୨࣪ࡧୡଲÂ୪վਏճॷාण֗
Թ୨࣑࣪࣪ ୪ ୨࣪ധ࠷࣑ ୪ଭ ڂ(%1% ୪
Թ୨࣪ࠜ୪վࢲۀୀ Թ୨࣪ࠜ୪վࢲۀୀ Թ୨࣪ࠜ୪վࢲۀୀށۀֻ࣐ச ୪վࢲۀୀଭଲࡧୡ ࡧୡଲ
ࡧୡ ୪վࢲۀୀଭଲࡧୡ Թ୨࣪ଭళࠤࡧୡ
୪վۀԹ୨࣪ଭාࡧ ୪վۀԹ୨࣪ଭාࡧ
୪վࢲۀୀଭ࣪କࢫଲ׆ԩ ࡧ ୡ࣪କÂଲ׆ԩ
Թ୨࣪ࠜ୪վࢲۀୀଭ࣪କࢫ
ଲ׆ԩ
ܛଭՋऀ֫ଭ୍ॷਓࢫܛଭՋ
ऀݗࠛऄଲଳଭٛ
Թ୨࣪ళࠤଭࢺ࣑
ኦߑᯕ░ ၰ ⓕᬑऽ ⪹Ğᨱᕽ۵ }ᯙᱶᅕญ᮹ ᦥᬤᗭᝒᯕ ݅ၹᔍಽ ᯝᨕӽ݅. ᱶᅕ☖
ᝁʑᚁ ⪹Ğᯕ ԁಽ Łࠥ⪵ࡹŁ ᕽእᜅ᮹ ݉ĥᄥ ੱ۵ ᇥᄥಽ ᱥྙ⪵᪡ ᇥᨦ⪵a aᗮ⪵
ࡹʑ ভྙᨱ ᦥᬤᗭᝒᮡ ݉ᙽ⯩ እᬊᱩq ༊ᱢ ᯕᔢᮝಽ ᇩa⦝⦽ ⊂໕ᯕ ᯩ݅. ə్ӹ ᭥
┢ᯱෝ ݡᝁ⧕ᕽ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ญ⦹í ࢁ ᙹ┢ᯱa }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ᅕ⪙⧁ ʑᚁᱢ·šญᱢ ܆ಆ ᯕ ᇡ᳒⦹Ñӹ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶᱽᨱ ݡ⦽ ᯕ⧕a ᇡ᳒⦹݅໕, ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ ǭญᅕ⪙ᨱ ⓑ ᔍ bḡݡa ၽᔾ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ᯕᨱ ǎԕჶᮡ ྜྷು ᮁᩑ⧊ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶࠥ ᭥┢ᯱᨱí ᯝᱶ⦽ ᮹ྕෝ ᇡᩍ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
֥ GDPD۵ }ᯙᱶᅕญᯱa ݡญᯙᮥ ☖⧕ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ญ⧁ ভᨱ۵ ə ݡญᯙ ᮹ ʑᚁᱢ ᅕᦩ᳑⊹ ܆ಆŝ ᳑Ḣᱢ šญ᳑⊹ ܆ಆᮥ á☁⦹ᩍ ∊ᇥ⦽ ܆ಆᯕ ᯩ۵ ᯱෝ ᖁ ᱶ⦹ᩍ ⦹Ł, Ǎᗮಆ ᯩ۵ ĥ᧞ᯕӹ ჶශ⧪᭥ᨱ ᮹⧕ᕽ ݡญᯙᯕ ᪅ಽḡ ᭥┢ᯱ᮹ ḡᨱ
ᕽอ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ญ⧁ äŝ ⦥⦽ ʑᚁᱢ·᳑Ḣᱢ ᅕ⪙᳑⊹ෝ ≉⧁ äᮥ ᅕᰆ⦹ࠥಾ
Ǎ⦹Ł ᯩ݅(ᱽ᳑). ᭥┢ᨦྕ᮹ ԕᬊŝ ᙹ┢ᯱ᮹ ᯕᮥ Łḡ ੱ۵ Ŗ}⦹Ñӹ, ᭥┢ᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼÑӹ, ᙹ┢ᯱ᮹ ᇩჶ⧪᭥ಽ ᯙ⦽ ᗱ⧕ᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᔍᬊᯱ₦ᯥᮥ
ḡࠥಾ ⦹۵ Ƚᱶᮡ ᨧ݅.
ᯕᨱ እ⦹ᩍ ǎԕ ᱶᅕ☖ᝁჶᮡ }ᯙᱶᅕ ≉ɪᨦྕ ᭥┢ ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽ ᭥┢ᨦྕ᮹ ԕ ᬊŝ ᙹ┢ᯱ᮹ ᯕᮥ ᯕᬊᯱᨱí ญŁ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼᦥ ⦹Ł ᙹ┢ᯱ᮹ ჶ ᭥ၹᮝಽ ᯙ⦽
ᗱ⧕ᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᔍᬊᯱ₦ᯥᮥ ḡࠥಾ Ƚᱶ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. 「}ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶ」ᮡ ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ ࠺᮹ ʭḡ Ǎ⦹Ł ᯩḡ۵ ᦥܩ⦹ӹ ᭥┢ᨦྕ᮹ ԕᬊŝ ᙹ┢ᯱ᮹ ᯕᮥ Ŗ}⦹ࠥಾ Ǎ⦹۵
⦽⠙, ᙹ┢ᯱᨱ ݡ⦽ šญ·qࠦ᮹ ᮹ྕಽ Ʊᮂŝ ⩥ᰆᱱáᮥ ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ᭥┢ᨦྕ᮹ ԕ ᬊᯕӹ ᙹ┢ᯱa ၵѱ Ğᬑᨱࠥ əভ əভ ᄡĞࡽ ԕᬊᮥ Ŗ} ੱ۵ Łḡ⦹Ñӹ ᯕᬊᯱ᮹
࠺᮹ෝ ၼᦥ ⦽݅. ᯕౝ ǎԕᨱᕽ۵ ᭥·ᙹ┢ᯱ᮹ šĥӹ ᭥·ᙹ┢᮹ ⩶┽·ᮁ⩶ᮥ Łಅ⦹
ḡ ᦫŁ ᭥┢ᯱᨱí ⫮ᯝᱢᯙ ᮹ྕෝ ᇡᩍ⦹Ł ᯩᨕ ⓕᬑऽᕽእᜅ ၰ ኦߑᯕ░ ⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱ
ⓑ ᰆᧁa ࡹŁ ᯩ݅.
ඝ Թ୨࣪ళࠤડࡿୣఙࢫࢺ࣑ण֗
Թ୨࣑࣪࣪ ୪ ୨࣪ധ࠷࣑ ୪ ڂ(%1% ୪
ଵ୨ٛଡඑࢂছଭ
Âծઊ ଵ୨ٛଡඑ֜ুߚ଼ۀ
ծઊଭ
ડࡿٛ ࢫ ୀ վԹ ଵࢱ ୡડࡿ
ડࡿٛࢫୀվԹ
ծઊଲෘଡડࡿ
ડࡿ࠻ࢫୀճ ก࣪
ൡ࠻֫କડࡿ
ଲୀ۩ճࢫܛଭ
ծઊଲෘࡧୡડࡿ
ୀ۩ւࠤÂԮܒଭࡿ
֗ଖ ෮จՑ݊ ୀ۩ւࠤÂԮܒଭࡿ ࣪౿ۇߚଡԴୀটହ ଭࡿ
ॷୀథହ ॷୀథହ
European Union
୨࣪ச఼ଭ֫ࠤ࣪ୋ౿
ᮁᩑ⧊ŝ ᬑญӹ۵ ə ⢽⩥᮹ ႊอ ݅ෝ ᐱ ᱶᅕᵝℕᨱí ᮁᔍ⦽ ǭญෝ ᇡᩍ⦹
Ł ᯩ݅. ᱶᅕᵝℕ۵ ᯱᝁᨱ š⦽ ᱶᅕᨱ ᱲɝ⦹ᩍ ᨙᱽुḡ ᩕ௭ŝ ə ᔍᅙᮥ Ǎ⧁ ᙹ
ᯩŁ, ᪅ඹa ᯩ۵ Ğᬑᨱ۵ ᱶᱶ · ᔎᱽෝ Ǎ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᮝ໑, ᯕᔢ ᯱᝁᨱ š⦽ }ᯙᱶ ᅕ᮹ ญෝ ᬱ⊹ ᦫ۵ Ğᬑᨱ۵ ࠺᮹ෝ ℁⫭⦹Ñӹ ญᱶḡෝ Ǎ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ə్ӹ
֥ GDPD۵ ᱶᅕᵝℕᨱí }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ ᯱ࠺ญᨱ ݡ⦽ Ñᇡǭ ᷪ ⥥ಽ❭ᯝยᮥ Ñᇡ
⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ǭญෝ ⦹Ł ᯩŁ, ᯕᨱ ⦹ᩍ ֥ GDPRᮡ ⓕᬑऽ ၰ ᔍ⫭šĥ
ᕽእᜅ ⪹Ğᨱ ݡ᮲⦹ᩍ ᯫ⩡ḩ ǭญ(right to be forgotten), }ᯙᱶᅕ ᯕᱥǍǭ(right to data portability) ॒ ᔩಽᬕ ǭญෝ ᯦ࠥ⦹ᩍ ᯕᬊŝ ᅕ⪙᮹ ᳑⪵ෝ ࠥ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ᬑญӹ
۵ ᯕᨱ ᦿᕽ ᱶᅕ☖ᝁჶᯕ ᱶᅕ☖ᝁᕽእᜅᱽŖᯱᨱí ๅ֥ ᵝʑᱢᯙ }ᯙᱶᅕ ᯕᬊ ԕᩎ ☖ḡ᮹ྕ, ᯕᬊᯱa ᯝᱶʑe ᯕᬊ⦹ḡ ᦫ۵ }ᯙᱶᅕ᮹ ᔎᱽ᮹ྕ ॒ᮥ ᔩಽᯕ ᯦ࠥ
⦹Ł ᯩᮝӹ, ᯕॅ ǭญ۵ ݅ෙ ǭญa ᵲᅖᯕ ࡹŁ ⓕᬑऽ ၰ ኦߑᯕ░ ⪹Ğᨱ۵ ฿ḡ ᦫ۵ ⊂໕ᯕ ᯩ݅.
ඝ ୨࣪ச఼ଭ֫ࠤण֗
Թ୨࣑࣪࣪ ୨࣪ധ࠷࣑ ڂ(%1%
વޱ૬֜֫ ୪ વޱÂ࣫ॷ૬֜֫ ୪୪ා ୦ֽÂવޱ૬֜֫ ୪
୨୨Âॸ୪૬֜֫ ୪ Թ୨࣪ଭ൞׆ଭࡿ ୪ ୨୨Âॸ୪૬֜֫ ୪
ళࠤ୨૬֜֫ ୪ ܛଭశฎ֫ ୪୪ා ళࠤ୨૬֜֫ ୪
ୀܛళࠤՋऀ֫ ୪
ଲٛલധଭࡿ ୪ଭ
ο೫
ᮁᩑ⧊ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶᮡ ᨥĊ⦹໕ᕽࠥ ᮁᩑ⦽ Ƚᱽႊᮥ ᯦ࠥ⦹Ł ᯩᨕ ⩥⧪ Ƚჵ ԕ ᨱᕽࠥ ኦߑᯕ░᮹ ⪽ᬊᯕ a܆⦹ḡอ, ǎԕჶᮡ Ñ᮹ ༉ु ⩶┽᮹ }ᯙᱶᅕญᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽ
࠺᮹ෝ Ǎ⦹Ł ᯩŁ ࠺᮹ෝ ၼᮥ ভᨱࠥ ᅖᰂ⦽ Łḡ᮹ྕෝ ᇡᩍ⧉ᮝಽ៉ ⓕᬑऽӹ ኦ ߑᯕ░ ⪹Ğᨱ۵ ᱢ⧊⦹ḡ ᦫ۵ ໕ᯕ ฯ݅. ᨥĊ⦽ Ƚᱽa ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ ǭญෝ ᅕ⪙⧁
ᙹ ᯩ݅Ñӹ, ǭญᅕ⪙ᨱ ʑᩍ⧁ äᯕ۵ ᅕᰆᮡ ᨧ݅. }ᯙᱶᅕญᯱa ᝅᱽಽ ə Ƚჵ
ᮥ ḡ┍ ᙹ ᨧ݅໕ ᪅⯩ಅ ⠙ჶᯕ ࠺ᬱࢁ ᙹၷᨱ ᨧᮥ äᯕ݅. }ᯙᱶᅕญᨱ ᯩᨕᕽ ࠺᮹ อ܆ᵝ᮹a ḡᱢࡹŁ ᯩ۵ äࠥ ə᪡ zᮡ ๆᨱᕽŁ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ǎᱽᱢᯙ ᜅ╁ऽᨱ
᯦b⦽ ⧊ญᱢᯙ Ƚᱽa ᯱᮁಽᬕ ʑᨦ⪽࠺᮹ ᅕᰆᐱอ ᦥܩ ᱶᅕᵝℕ᮹ ǭญᅕ⪙ෝ ᭥
⧕ᕽࠥ ၵ௭Ḣ⦹݅. ✚⯩ ☖ĥ᯲ᖒ, ⦺ᚁᩑǍ ॒᮹ ༊ᱢᮝಽ }ᯙᱶᅕෝ ᯖ⪵ ੱ۵ እ
ᄥ⪵ ⧕ᕽ ญ⦹۵ Ğᬑᨱ۵ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶ᮹ ⡎մᮡ ᱢᬊ ᱽෝ ᯙᱶ⦹ᩍ ⦽݅. ᦥᬙ
్ ICT ⪹Ğᄡ⪵ᨱ }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶ }⩢ ₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᱥ}ࡹŁ ᯩ۵ ᮁᩑ⧊᮹ ֥
GDPR᮹ ᱽᱶ ŝᱶࠥ ٩ᩍĉ ᅕᦥ ⧁ äᯕ݅.
ఞճࢂෝ
ᯕჵ, እƱჶᱢ šᱱᨱᕽ ᅙ }ᯙᱶᅕ ᅕ⪙ჶ᮹ ྙᱽᱱŝ }ᱶႊ⨆: ⦽ǎ · EU · ᯝᅙᮥ ᵲᝍᮝಽ, Internet and Information Security(KISA) ᱽǭ ᱽ⪙(֥ ᱽ⪙).
---, }ᯙᱶᅕᅕ⪙ჶᱽ šᱱᨱᕽ ᅙ ኦߑᯕ░᮹ ⪽ᬊŝ ᅕ⪙ ႊᦩ, ჶ⦺םⅾ(݉ǎݡ) ᱽǭ ᱽ⪙, .
---, 「ኦߑᯕ░᮹ ᪅⧕᪡ ḥᝅ」(ǎ⫭ יᬦ௹᮹ᬱᝅ ၰ ךᔪᗭእᯱᱥǎᩑ⧊ Ŗ࠺ᵝ↽ Ŗℎ⫭ ၽ⢽ᯱഭ), ...
EU, Directive //EC on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data.
EU, DIRECTIVE //EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of July
concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector.
EU, Directive //EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of March on the retention of data generated or processed in connection with the provision of publicly available electronic communications services or of public communications networks and amending Directive //EC.
EU, Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data.
EU, European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms().
EU, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union().
European Commission, “Why do we need an EU data protection reform?”, //, (http://ec.europa.eu/jus- tice/newsroom/data-protection/news/_en.htm)
European Commission, “Why do we need an EU data protection reform?”, //, (http://ec.europa.eu/jus- tice/newsroom/data-protection/news/_en.htm)
European Commission, “How will the EU’s data protection reform strengthen the internal market?”, //.
European Commission, “How will the EU’s data protection reform simplify the existing rules?”, //.
European Commission, “How will the EU’s data protection reform make international cooperation easier?”,
//.
European Union
UK continues to oppose new single EU data protection law regime, Nov , (http://www.out-law.com/en/
articles//november/uk-continues-to-oppose-ne w-single-eu-data-protection-law-regime/)
Mac Slocum, “Big data in Europe”, April , (http://strata.reilly.com/ / /big-data-in-europe.html) Nerea Rial, “The power of big data in Europe”, //, (http://www.neurope. eu/article/power-big-data-eu-
rope)
Nuala Moran, “Let Big Data fuel the economy,” says Commission Vice President Neelie Kroes, June , (http://
www.microsoft.com/eu/ futures/article/let-big-data-fuel-the-economy-says-commission-vice-president-neelie-kr.
aspx?path=)
