Original article KOREAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY
한국응용곤충학회지 ⓒ The Korean Society of Applied Entomology
Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 54(3): 169-177 (2015) pISSN 1225-0171, eISSN 2287-545X
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2015.05.0.006
Three New records of the Genera Cremastus and Pristomerus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cremastinae) from South Korea
Jin-Kyung Choi, Gyu-Won Kang and Jong-Wook Lee*
Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 712-749, Korea
한국산 검정꼬마자루맵시벌속과 가시자루맵시벌속의 (벌목, 맵시벌과, 배자루맵시벌아과) 3미기록종에 관한 보고
최진경ㆍ강규원ㆍ이종욱*
영남대학교 생명과학과
ABSTRACT: The Korean species of the genera Cremastus Gravenhorst, 1829 and Pristomerus Curtis, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) are studied. Here we report three species, Cremastus crassitibialis Uchida, 1940, Pristomerus rufiabdominalis Uchida, 1928 and P. scutellaris Uchida, 1932, new to South Korea. Among them genus Cremastus is recorded for the first time from South Korea. The number of Korean Cremastinae is now 11 species in four genera including the three newly recorded species. A key to the genera of Korean Cremastinae, diagnosis of newly recorded species and photographs of redescriptions characters are provided.
Key words: Cremastus crassitibialis, New record, Pristomerus rufiabdominalis, Pristomerus scutellaris, South Korea
초 록: 본 연구에서는 검정꼬마자루맵시벌속 (Cremastus Gravenhorst, 1829)과 가시자루맵시벌속 (Pristomerus Curtis, 1836)의 3미기록종 (Cremastus crassitibialis Uchida, 1940, Pristomerus rufiabdominalis Uchida, 1928 and P. scutellaris Uchida, 1932)을 우리나라에 처음으로 보고 한다. 이 중 검정꼬마자루맵시벌속은 국내에서 처음으로 기록되는 속이다. 본 연구결과인 3 미기록종을 포함하여 현재 배자루맵시벌아과는 국내에 4속 11종이 기록되어있다. 본 논문에서는 한국산 배자루맵시벌아과의 속 검색표, 미기록종의 재기재문 및 이미지를 제공하였다.
검색어: 검정꼬마자루맵시벌, 미기록종, 한국, 붉은배가시자루맵시벌, 방패가시자루맵시벌
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Received February 2 2015; Revised May 20 2015 Accepted June 4 2015
The subfamily Cremastinae Förster, 1869 currently includes 776 extant species in 36 genera. Among them, Temelucha Förster, 1869 (235 species), Cremastus Gravenhorst, 1829 (129 species), Trathala Cameron, 1899 (101 species) and Pristomerus Curtis, 1836 (100 species) have been recorded worldwide (Yu et al., 2012). Members of this subfamily are recorded in 82 species in the Eastern Palaearctic, 19 species in China, and 15 species in Japan (Yu et al., 2012). The Korean species of Cremastinae Förster 1869 belong to eight described species,
Temelucha Förster (three species), Pristomerus Curtis (three species), and Trathala Cameron (two species), under three genera. Among these, one newly recorded species of Trathala was reported from South Korea and the Palaearctic region (Choi et al., 2014). Here, we report the genus Cremastus for the first time from South Korea. This genus consists of parasitoids of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera that emerge from larva or nymphs.
The genus Cremastus Gravenhorst, 1829 is widely distributed in the Holarctic region and comprises 129 species worldwide (Yu et al., 2012). Kolarov et al. (2014) recently reported one new species, Cremastus kasparyani, from Turkey. To date, 130 species of Cremastus have been described worldwide. We
redescribe two Korean species of Pristomerus for the first time.
In this study, we report the subfamily Cremastinae with three newly recorded species, Cremastus crassitibialis Uchida, 1940, Pristomerus rufiabdominalis Uchida, 1928 and P. scutellaris Uchida, 1932, from South Korea. Diagnosis, figures of morphologi- cal features, and a key to the genera of Korean Cremastinae are provided.
Materials and methods
The materials used in this study were collected by sweeping and Malaise traps, after which they were deposited in the animal systematic laboratory of Yeungnam University (YNU, Gyeongsan, Korea). Specimens were examined using an Axio- Cam MRc5 camera attached to a stereo microscope (Zeiss SteREO Discovery. V20; Carl Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany), processed using the AxioVision SE64 software (Carl Zeiss), and optimized with a Delta imaging system (i-solution, IMT i-Solution Inc. Vancouver, Canada). The morphological termi- nology is mostly that of Gupta and Maheshwary (1977).
Distribution data and host records are taken from Yu et al.
(2012). The following abbreviations are used: HU, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Agriculture, Entomological Institute (Sapporo, Japan); DEI, Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Schicklerstrasse (Eberswalde, Germany); TD: Type depository;
TS: Type species; CB, Chungcheongbuk-do; CN, Chungcheong- nam-do; GB, Gyeongsangbuk-do; GG, Gyeonggi-do; GN, Gyeongsangnam-do; GW, Gangwon-do; JB, Jeollabuk-do; JN, Jeollanam-do; JJ, Jeju-do.
Results and Discussion
Systematic accounts
Family Ichneumonidae Latreille, 1802 맵시벌과 Subfamily Cremastinae Förster, 1869 배자루맵시벌아과
Key to genera of Korean Cremastinae (modified from Townes, 1971)
1. Second tergite with thyridium; hind femur usually with a tooth beneath (like a projection) ··· Genus Pristomerus - Second tergite without thyridium; hind femur without a tooth
beneath ··· 2 2. Ventral margins of first tergite bowed and touching or nearly
touching, and thus partly or mostly enclosing the sternite. ····
··· Genus Temelucha - Ventral margins of first tergite parallel and separate, the
sternite visible for its entire length ··· 3 3. Clasper of male genitalia with a basal dorsal lobe or tooth on
the dorsal side, the ventral part a large asymmetrical lobe;
occipital carina incomplete above, its dorsal ends downcurved
··· Genus Cremastus - Clasper of male genitalia simple, without a basal dorsal lobe;
occipital carina complete above, or narrowly incomplete in which case its dorsal ends are not curved or only weakly downcurved; apex of male clasper rounded ···
··· Genus Trathala
Genus Cremastus Gravenhorst, 1829 검정꼬마자루맵시벌 속 (신칭)
Cremastus Gravenhorst, 1829: 730. TS: Cremastus spectator Gravenhorst, 1829.
Neocremastus Cushman, 1917: 503-551. TS: Porizon stigmaterus Cushman, 1917.
Zaleptopygus Viereck, 1911: 294. TS: Zeleptopygus obereae Viereck, 1911.
Cremastus crassitibialis Uchida, 1940 검정꼬마자루맵시벌 (신칭) (Figs. 1-2)
Cremastus crassitibialis Uchida, 1940: 21–30. Type: female;
TD: HU
Redescription. Female.
Body length: 8.3–9.3 mm. Antenna with 39–42 flagellomeres.
Fore wing length: 5.0–5.5 mm. Ovipositor length: 4.0–4.5 mm.
Color. Black, antennal scape and pedicel blackish yellow in ventral view. Margin of eyes, clypeus, mandible and temple yellow. Tegula pale yellow. Fore leg yellowish brown, mid leg brown except basal part of mid coxa black, hind femur to tarsus dark brown. Petiole dark reddish brown posteriorly, second tergite reddish brown apically in dorsal view. Ovipositor blackish brown.
Head. From above, face weakly largely punctate. Clypeus very small and separated from the face; apical margin of
Fig. 1. Cremastus crassitibialis Uchida (Female) (A) Habitus lateral view, (B) Head frontal view, (C) Head dorsal view, (D) Mesosoma lateral view, (E) Mesonotum dorsal view, (F) Occipital carina, (G) Wings, (H) Spiracle of propodeum, (I) First tergite lateral view, (J) Hind tarsal claw, (K) Propodeum, (L) Second tergite dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm for A; 0.5 mm for D, G, K; 0.2 mm for B, C, E, F, I, L; 0.1 mm for H, J.
clypeus weakly round. Vertex with punctures smaller than face.
Temple weakly convex, finely punctate. Occipital carina incomplete medially, occiput polished.
Mesosoma. Pronotum finely punctate, depressed medially, epomia distinct. Mesoscutum finely and densely punctate.
Notauli indistinct. Scutellum strongly convex, lateral carina of scutellum absent. Mesopleurum largely and closely punctate, mesopleurum pit strong. Speculum convex, subpolished, smooth and hairless, area below speculum with numerous striate.
Epicnemi al carina complete, sternaulus short. Propodeum
Fig. 2. Cremastus crassitibialis Uchida (Male) (A) Habitus lateral view, (B) Head frontal view, (C) Genitalia, (D) Mesosoma lateral view, (E) Propodeum, (F) Fore wing, (G) Hind wing. Scale bars: 1 mm for A; 0.5 mm for D, F, G; 0.2 mm for B, E; 0.1 mm for C.
rugose-punctate, with distinct carinae. Basal area of propodeum small, costula complete and distinct, areola and petiolar area separated, with numerous transverse striate. Spiracle of propo- deum connected below costula. Hind tarsal claw simple. Trochanter length as long as trochantellus. Basal vein of fore wing distad to nervulus, areolet absent. Nervellus intercepted; discoidella vestigial.
Metasoma. Subpolished. Petiole elongate, with lateral groove; postpetiole with longitudinal striate. Second tergite with numerous longitudinal striate. Ovipositor slender and longer than hind tibia.
Male. Body length: 7.5–9.0 mm. Antenna with 38–41 flagellomeres. Fore wing length: 4.0–5.0 mm.
Materials examined. SOUTH KOREA: 5 males, Daegu, Dalseo-gu, Daegok-dong, Daegu Arboretum, 16–31.v.2012, S.G. Kang; 3 males, ditto, 30.v–7.vi.2012, S.G. Kang; 1 female, Daegu, Dalseo-gu, Hwawon-eup, 1.vi.2008, J.Y. Choo; 1 male, Daegu, Dalseong-gun, Dasa-eup, 24.v.1987, M.S. Yang; 4 females, Daegu, Nam-gu, Daemyeong-dong, Mt. Apsan, 10.v.
2009, H.O. Yoo; 1 female, GB, Cheongdo-gun, Unmun-myeon, Mt. Unmunsan, 17.v.1989, I.J. Ye; 1 female, 1 male, GB,
Gyeongsan-si, Dae-dong, Yeungnam Univ., 10.v.1989, E.A.
Hong; 1 male, ditto, 15.v.1990, H.O. Geum; 2 females, 4 males, ditto, 17.v.1989, I.J. Ye; 2 females, ditto, 18.v.1989, E.A. Hong;
1 female, 2 males, ditto, 20.v.1987, J.W. Lee; 1 male, ditto, 24–
13.v.1987, J.W. Lee; 1 female, ditto, 25.v.1987, J.W. Lee; 4 females, 4 males, ditto, 29.v.1988, H.G. Kim; 1 male, ditto, 3.v.1988, E.S. Kim; 1 female, ditto, 3.v.1988, H.G. Kim; 1 female, ditto, 30.v.1989; 1 male, ditto, 5–13.v.1987, J.W. Lee;
1 female, ditto, 7.v.1987, J.W. Lee; 2 females, ditto, 8–23.vi.2013, J.W. Lee; 1 female, GB, Mungyeong-si, Mungyeong-eup, Mt.
Joryeongsan, 19.v.1997, S.M. Ryu; 1 female, GN, Uiryeong-gun, Daeui-myeon, Sinjeon-ri, 16.v.1987; 1 female, GW, Inje-gun, Gasan-ri, Mt. Bangtaesan, 26.vi.1996 S.M. Ryu; 1 female, JB, Gunsan-si, Gayado-ri, Sibidongpa-do, 26.vi.2007, S.H. Nam; 1 female, 1 male, JB, Muju-gun, Seolcheon-myeon, Jangdeok-ri, Gucheondong valley, 20.v.1983, J.W. Lee.
Host. Unknown.
Distribution. Korea (new record), China (Nei Menggu), Mongolia, Russia.
Genus Pristomerus Curtis, 1836 가시자루맵시벌속 (신칭) Pristomerus Curtis, 1836: 588–624. TS: Ichneumon vulnerator Curtis, 1836
Pristomeridia Ashmead, 1900: 1–220. TS: Porizon agilis Ashmead, 1900
Pristocelus Szépligeti, 1905: 1–68. TS: Pristocelus atriceps Szépligeti, 1905
Neopristomerus Viereck, 1912: 575–593. TS: Pristomerus appalachianus Viereck, 1912
Nesanomalon Morley, 1913: 1–140. TS: Nesanomalon dimidiatum Morley, 1913
Pristomerus rufiabdominalis Uchida, 1928 붉은배가시자루 맵시벌 (신칭) (Fig. 3)
Pristomerus rufiabdominalis Uchida, 1928: 177–297. Type:
female; TD: HU.
Redescription. Female.
Body length: 7.5 mm. Antenna with 35 flagellomeres. Fore wing length: 4.6 mm. Ovipositor length: 5.8 mm.
Color. Yellowish brown. Area of ocelli and temple black.
Vertex with reddish brown line at inner margin of eyes. First to
third tergites with black marks. Ovipositor sheath dark brown.
Head. From above, central part of face convex, densely punctate. Clypeus very small and convex, separated from face, apical margin of clypeus round. Tentorial pits distinct. Vertex with granulate punctures. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye longer than between lateral ocelli. Temple weakly convex and granulated. Occipital carina complete; occiput polished.
Mesosoma. Pronotum rugosely punctate, epomia distinct.
Mesoscutum coarsely and densely punctate. Notauli strong.
Scutellum weakly convex, lateral carina of scutellum absent.
Mesopleurum coarsely punctate, mesopleurum pit weak, speculum weakly convex and glabrous. Epicnemial carina complete.
Sternaulus weak. Propodeum rugosely and coarsely punctate, with distinct carinae. Basal area small, costula complete and distinct. Areola and petiolar area not separated. Area postero- media with numerous transversal striate. Spiracle of propodeum connected costula and pleural carina. Hind femur with projection at 2/3 apically. Hind tarsal claw comb. Basal vein of fore wing opposite nervulus, areolet absent. Nervellus weakly curved, discoidella absent.
Metasoma. Subpolished. Petiole elongate, with lateral groove, postpetiole with longitudinal striate. Second tergite with numerous longitudinal striate and thyridium. Ovipositor slender and longer than metasoma. Apex of ovipositor winding.
Male. Body length: 6.0 mm. Antenna with 35 flagellomeres.
Fore wing length: 4.0–4.5 mm. Face black. Inner margin of eyes reddish brown. Clypeus yellow.
Materials examined. SOUTH KOREA: 1 male, CB, Danyang- gun, Danyang-eup, Gasan-ri, Mt. Byeongpungsan, 13.viii.1997;
1 female, CB, Danyang-gun, Yeongchun-myeon, Uipung-ri, 13.vi.2009, S.H. Oh; 1 female, CN, Seosan-si, Haemi-myeon, Daegok-ri, Hanseo Univ., 1.viii–1.ix.2009, J.W. Lee; 1 female, ditto, 23–31.vii.2009, J.W. Lee; 1 male, GB, Bonghwa-gun, Myeongho-myeon, Bugok-ri, Mt. Cheongnyangsan, 30.vi.2007, J.W. Lee; GB, Mungyeong-si, Dongno-myeon, Jeokseong-ri, Mt. Woraksan, 20.ix.2006, J.C. Jeong; 1 female, 1 female, GB, Gyeongsan-si, Dae-dong, Yeungnam Univ., 24.viii–19.ix.2011, J.W. Lee; 1 female, GB, Yeongyang-gun, Irwol-myeon, Dogye- ri, Mt. Heungnimsan, 20.vii.1997, S.M. Ryu; 1 female, GG,
Fig. 3. Pristomerus rufiabdominalis Uchida (A) Habitus lateral view, (B) Head frontal view, (C) Occipital carina, (D) Mesoscutum and propodeum dorsal view, (E) Wings, (F) Hind femur. Scale bars: 1 mm for A; 0.5 mm for D, E; 0.2 mm for B, C, F.
Dongducheon-si, Sangbongam-dong, Mt. Soyosan, 18.vi.1984, H.G. Lee; 1 female, GG, Osan-si, Sucheong-dong, 23.viii–5.ix.
2011; 1 female, GN, Hadong-gun, Hwagae-myeon, Mt. Jirisan Ssanggyesa, 20.vii.1989; 2 female, GN, Jinju-si, Gajwa-dong, 1–8.ix.1987; 1 female, ditto, 22–27.ix.1987; 1 female, ditto, 3–
9.vi.1989; 1 female, GN, Jinju-si, Ibanseong-myeon, Daecheon-ri, Gyeongsangnamdo Arb., 30.vi–15.vii.2011; 1 female, 1 male, GN, Sancheong-gun, Sicheon-myeon, Jungsan-ri, 7.ix.2002; 1 female, GW, Donghae-si, Samhwa-dong, Mureung valley, 28.viii–10.ix.
2006; 1 female, GW, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri, Yeonsei Univ., 29.vi–15.vii.2011, J.W. Lee; 1 female, ditto, 6–28.vi.2011, J.W. Lee; 1 female, Gwangju, Nam-gu, Baegun-dong, 22.viii.
2000; 1 male, JB, Buan-gun, Byeonsan-myeon, Mt. Naebyeonsan, 26.vi.1991, J.I. Kim; 1 female, JB, Jangsu-gun, Gyenam-myeon, Mt. Jangansan, 16.ix.1997; 2 females, JB, Wanju-gun, Dongsang- myeon, Daea-ri Daea Arb., 13–24.vii.2011; 1 female, ditto, 19–
31.viii.2012, J.M. Park; 1 female, ditto, 24.v–17.vi.2011; 3 females, JN, Jangseong-gun, Jangseong-eup, 12.vii.2007, S.J.
Fig. 4. Pristomerus scutellaris Uchida (A) Habitus lateral view, (B) Head frontal view, (C) Occipital carina, (D) Propodeum dorsal view, (E) Wings, (F) Hind femur. Scale bars: 2 mm for A; 1 mm for E; 0.5 mm for D, F; 0.2 mm for B, C.
Park; 1 female, JN, Jangseong-gun, Samgye-myeon, 12.vii.2007, S.J. Park; 1 male, Ulsan, Nam-gu, Ok-dong, Ulsan park, 6.vii– 4.viii.2011.
Host. Cydia funebrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Dichomeris derasella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Gypsonoma aceriana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Paranthrene tabaniformis (Lepidoptera:
Sesiidae), Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (Yu et al., 2012).
Distribution. Korea (new record), Bulgaria, China (Henan), Hungary, Japan, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia
(Chita Oblast, Khabarovsk Kray, Krasnodar Kray, Primor'ye Kray), Ukraine, Yugoslavia.
Pristomerus scutellaris Uchida, 1932 방패가시자루맵시벌 (신칭) (Fig. 4)
Pristomerus scutellaris Uchida, 1932: 133–222. Type:
female; TD: DEI.
Redescription. Female.
Body length: 9.5 mm. Antenna with 40 flagellomeres. Fore
wing length: 6.5 mm. Ovipositor length: 5 mm.
Color. Black, antennal scape brown and flagellomeres dark blackish brown. Inner margin of eyes reddish brown. Clypeus, mandible, pronotum, tegula, fore leg and mid leg yellow. Hind leg brown with dark brown spot apically. Metasoma yellowish brown. Postpetiole and second tergite black in dorsal view.
Half of third tergite black in dorsal view. Ovipositor yellowish brown and ovipositor sheath blackish brown.
Head. From above, face coarsely punctate; clypeus small, sparsely punctate and separated from face, apical margin of clypeus round. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye longer than between lateral ocelli. Vertex granulated.
Temple weakly flat, granulate. Occipital carina complete, occiput polished.
Mesosoma. Pronotum coarsely punctate, epomia distinct.
Mesoscutum densely punctate. Notauli distinct. Scutellum convex and smooth, lateral carina of scutellum absent.
Mesopleurum coarsely and closely punctate. Speculum convex and glabrous. Epicnemial carina complete; sternaulus weak.
Propodeum rugosely wrinkle punctate with distinct carinae.
Basal area small and costula complete and distinct. Areola and petiolar area not separated. Spiracle of propodeum connected costula and pleural carina. Hind femur with sharp projection slightly behind the middle. Apical part of hind femur with teeth ventrally. Hind tibia with spines in dorsal view. Hind tarsal claw comb. Basal vein of fore wing opposite nervulus; areolet absent. Nervellus intercepted; discoidella absent.
Metasoma. Subpolished. Petiole elongate, with lateral groove. Postpetiole with longitudinal striate. Second and third tergites with numerous longitudinal striate. Ovipositor slender and as long as metasoma. Apex of ovipositor winding.
Male. Body length: 5.5 mm. Antenna with 29 flagellomeres.
Fore wing length: 4.2 mm. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye shorter than between lateral ocelli. Lateral ocelli reach compound eye. Hind leg dark brown. Fourth to sixth tergites black.
Materials examined. SOUTH KOREA: 2 females, Daejeon-si, Dong-gu, Daejeon Univ., 15.viii–30.ix.2006, J.W. Lee; 8 females, GB, Gyeongju-si, Hyeongok-myeon, Namsa-ri, 28.vii –11.viii.2005, J.T. Mun; 1 female, ditto, 30.vi–14.vii.2005, J.T.
Mun; 2 females, GB, Ulju-gun, Samdong-myeon, Joil-ri, 4.viii.
2006, J.W. Lee; 1 male, GG, Gapyeong-gun, Buk-myeon, Mt.
Myeongjisan, Nonnamgi, 29.vi.1999, J.C. Jeong; 1 female, GG, Gapyeong-gun, Cheongpyeong-myeon, Goseong-ri, Mt.
Homyeongsan, 16–30.vii.2009, J.O. Lim; 1 female, GW, Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri, Mesan Gwangwang Nongwon, 26.vii.2003; 2 females, JJ, Jeju-si, Donggye-myeon, near Jeolmul R.F., 11–18.viii.2005, C.H. Sin; 2 females, Seoul, Nowon-gu, Sanggye-dong, Mt. Suraksan, 18.vii–24.viii.2007;
J.O. Lim.
Host. Diaphania pyloalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Rhopobota naevana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Yu et al., 2012).
Distribution. Korea (new record), China (Guangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Zhejiang), Japan Taiwan.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR201501203), and supported by a Graduate Program for the Undiscovered Taxa of Korea (NIBR201524202).
Literature Cited
Ashmead, W.H., 1900. Classification of the Ichneumon flies, or the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Proc. of the U. S. Natl. Museum.
23, 1-220.
Cameron, P., 1899. Hymenoptera Orientalia, or contributions to a knowledge of the Hymenoptera of the Oriental Zoological Region. Part VIII. The Hymenoptera of the Khasia Hills. First paper. Memoirs and Proc. of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. 43, 1-220.
Choi, J.K., Kolarov, J., Kang, G.W., Lee, J.W. 2014. Review of the Palaearctic Trathala species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae:
Cremastinae). Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity.
30(4), 327-333.
Curtis, J., 1836. British Entomology; being illustrations and descrip- tions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland.
13, 588-624.
Cushman, R.A., 1917. A revision of the Hymenopterous insects of the tribe Cremastini of America north of Mexico. Proc. of the U.
S. Natl. Museum. 53, 503-551.
Förster, A., 1869. Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der
Ichneumonen. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens. 25, 135-221.
Gravenhorst, J.L.C., 1829. Ichneumonologia Europaea. Pars III.
Vratislaviae. 1097 pp.
Gupta, V.K., Maheshwary, S., 1977. Ichneumonologia Orientalis, Part IV. The tribe Porizontini (=Campoplegini) (Hymenoptera:
Ichneumonidae). Oriental Insects Monograph. 5, 1-267.
Kolarov, J., Gurbuz, M.F., Birol, O., 2014. A new species of the ge- nus Cremastus Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae:
Cremastinae) from Turkey. Russian Entomological Society. 85, 114-116.
Latreille, P.A., 1802. Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, des Crustacés et des Insectes. Tome troisième. Paris 468 pp.
(Ichneumonidae pp. 318-327)
Morley, C., 1913. A revision of the Ichneumonidae based on the col- lection in the British Museum (Natural History) with descriptions of new genera and species. Part II. Tribes Rhyssides, Echthromor- phides, Anomalides and Paniscides. London, British Museum.
140 pp.
Szépligeti, G., 1905. Hymenoptera. Ichneumonidae (Gruppe Ophionoidea), subfam. Pharsaliinae-Porizontinae. Genera Insectorum. 34, 1-68.
Townes, H.K., 1971. The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 4.
Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. No.17. 372 pp.
Uchida, T., 1928. Zweiter Beitrag zur Ichneumoniden-Fauna Japans.
Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University. 21, 177-297.
Uchida, T., 1932. H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute. Ichneumonidae (Hym.). Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University.
33, 133-222.
Uchida, T., 1940. Ichneumoniden aus der inneren Mongolei.
Insecta Matsumurana. 15, 21-30.
Viereck, H.L., 1911. Descriptions of one new genus and three new species of Ichneumon flies. Proc. of the U. S. Natl. Museum. 41, 293-295.
Viereck, H.L., 1912. Descriptions of one new family, eight new gen- era, and thirty-three new species of Ichneumonidae. Proc. of the U. S. Natl. Museum. 43, 575-593.
Yu, D.S., van Achterberg, C., Horstmann, K., 2012. Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011. Database on flash-drive [CD]. http://
www.taxapad.com (accessed on 1 January, 2015), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
