(Trachurus japonicus Temminck et
Schlegel) ,
, ,
J. Kor. Soc. Fish. Tech., 45(4), 243 250, 2009 DOI:10.3796/KSFT.2009.45.4.243
Reproduction of the jack mackerel, Trachurus japonicus Temminck et Schlegel in the coastal waters around Jeju Island,
Korea: Maturation and spawning
Hyung Kee C
HA, Jae Bong L
EE*, Sukyung K
ANG, Dae Soo C
HANGand Jung Hwa C
HOIFisheries Resources Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-902, Korea
Maturation and spawning of the jack mackerel, Trachurus japonicus was investigated based on the samples captured in the coastal waters around Jeju Island from January 2007 to December 2008. Gonadosomatic index began to increase in March, and reached a maximum between April to June. After spawning it began to decrease from August. Reproductive season was estimated to March-July, with peak in April. Fecundity was proportional to the size of the female, with the clutch size varying from 33,493 eggs in the smallest female(FL 27.0cm) to 627,061 eggs in the largest(FL 40.6cm). Size at 50% sexual maturity(FL
50), determined from mature females, was 26.6cm FL. Annual reproductive cycles of this species could be divided into six successive stages; immature stage(September-December), nucleolus stage(January-February), yolk vesicle stage(February-March), vitellogenic stage(March-April), ripe stage(April-July) and spent stage(July-September).
Key words : Maturation, Spawning, Annual reproductive cycle, Jack mackerel, Korean Waters
*Corresponding author: [email protected], Tel: 82-51-720-2296, Fax: 82-51-720-2277
(Ann, 1970;
Nakashima, 1982).
3 4
, 5 6
, . 9
10 11
.
5 6 ,
,
(Lee, 1970).
. 1970 1
80 1
. 1988 39,745 1970
, 1991 16,259
1992 1993 38,000
.
,
1995 , 2000
19,510 , 2001 17,537 , 2002 26,037 , 2003 20,454 , 2004 25,513 , 2005 42,608
, 2006 23,227 , 2007 19,089 , 2008
22,752 .
, ,
(Aikawa and Kato, 1938; Murakami and Shindo, 1949; Mizuta et al, 2001).
Yamada(1958)
. Kim(1960)
, Sohn(1992) ,
Jo(1973)
.
, , .
, ,
.
2007 1 2008 12
.
2007 6
42.8cm , 2008 5 46.2cm
(Table 1). 24.9cm
, 26.4cm (Fig. 1).
(Total length), (Fork length) 0.1cm , (Body weight)
(Gonad weight) (Sartorius,
M 5500S) 0.01g .
, ,
, ,
(immature), (maturing), (mature) 3
. (Gonadosomatic index: GSI)
. GSI (GW BW) 100
, GW , BW .
Gilson (Love and Westphal, 1981)
.
, .
. F
c(GW GW
s) n
s, F
c, GW
, GW
s, n
sGW
s.
,
Bouin s solution 24 ,
( ) paraplast
4 6 μm
. haematoxyline-eosin xylene
, Trachurus japonicus Temminck et Schlegel
Table 1. Size distribution(Fork length, cm) of T. japonicus sampled monthly from January 2007 to December 2008
Year Month
2007
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2008
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Female Male
Mean Range Mean Range
22.7 23.9 27.7 31.2 19.8 32.7 21.0 22.3 25.0 27.8
17.9 26.9 19.0 29.8 19.1 32.2 23.6 36.9 18.4 21.2 23.5 42.8 16.2 26.0 18.5 25.2 21.1 32.2 24.9 30.3
22.5 23.0 27.7 30.4 19.9 33.6 21.7 22.1 25.6 28.3
18.2 27.6 18.4 27.5 20.1 34.0 23.0 41.3 18.0 23.0 25.7 39.6 18.2 23.5 20.3 24.8 21.8 31.4 25.3 30.7
23.0 22.5 23.8 24.7 28.0 25.1 20.7 26.9 23.2 22.5 26.3
14.4 37.6 14.9 30.7 16.9 34.2 14.8 37.0 20.2 40.8 23.1 27.3 18.6 22.3 24.4 30.8 21.0 25.4 20.0 25.0 22.7 30.5
25.7 23.5 26.9 28.4 31.0 25.4 20.6 28.0 23.4 22.0 26.2
17.0 31.4 16.6 31.3 18.1 33.5 15.0 36.0 20.7 46.2 22.7 27.9 18.7 21.4 23.5 34.4 22.0 24.5 20.0 24.5 23.6 29.9
Fig. 1. Size-frequency distribution of fork length of T. japonicus.
20 10 0 10 20
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Fork length(cm)
Female : N 850, X 24.91
Male : N 624, X 26.40
Frequency(%)
Mayer s haematoxylin 4 , 0.5% eosin 1
.
Canada balsam .
. ,
(immature stage), (nucleolus stage), (yolk vesicle stage), (vitellogenic stage), (ripe stage), (spent stage)
.
, 50%
logistic .
3 , (immature)
. (maturing)
.
(mature) ,
. 2007 1
2008 12
(Fig. 2), 2007 1 , 3 ,
4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9
11%, 75%, 88%, 100%,
15%, 20%, 7% , 10
. 2008
1 7 , 8
12 .
2007 1 2008 12
. GSI
(Fig. 3) 2007 2 2.3
8.4 9.5 ,
7 4.1 8 10
.
GSI GSI
, 2008
2007 .
2008 4
10.83 . GSI
(Fig. 4), 2007 1 2
0.5 , 3
6 7.1 8.8
Fig. 2. Percentage of female T. japonicus with immature, maturing and mature ovaries within monthly sampled during January 2007-December 2008.
Fig. 3. Monthly changes in gonadosomatic indices(GSI) of female T. japonicus of females during January 2007- December 2008. Solid circles indicate mean GSI, and vertical bars indicate low and high GSI. *GSI in May 2007 is not significant due to the shortage of sample number.
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov.
Mature Maturing Immature
Frequency(%)
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 GSI(Gonadosomatic index) 0
Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov.
2007
2007 2008
2008 Month
Month
. 7 2 3
. GSI GSI
.
3
7 , 4 6
3 .
9 12
, .
1 2 haema-
toxylin ,
. 2
. 200 μm
. 3 4
.
, .
200 400 μm
. ,
, . 4 7
, .
. 600
800 μm ,
. 7 9
.
.
.
, Trachurus japonicus Temminck et Schlegel
Fig. 4. Monthly changes in gonadosomatic indices(GSI) of male T. japonicus of males during January 2007- December 2008. Solid circles indicate mean GSI, and vertical bars indicate low and high GSI. *GSI in May 2007 is not significant due to the shortage of sample number.
10 8 6 4 2 GSI(Gonadosomatic index) 0
Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov.
2007 2008
Month
Fig. 5. Photomicrographs of the ovaries at different stage of maturity of T. japonicus. , Immature stage; , Nucleolus stage; , Yolk vesicle stage; , Vitellogenic stage; , Ripe stage; , Spent stage.
3 5 40
, 627,061 (FL
40.6cm), 33,493 (FL 27.0cm)
. (F) (FL) F 0.0116
FL4.7362
(Fig. 6).
, 9 12
20 80 μm , 3
180 400 μm . 4 480 740 μm
, 1
(Fig. 7).
4 6 200
. 23cm
, 31cm . 50%
logistic
, 26.6cm (Fig. 8).
,
20% 3
7 .
Kim(1960) 1960
. 1960
1 2 1 2
.
, 2
3 6 ,
Fig. 6. Relationship between fecundity and fork length of T. japonicus.
Fig. 8. Logistic functions fitting the cumulative proportion of maturing and mature female T. japonicus.
Fig. 7. Size frequency distributions of egg diameter of T.
japonicus.
500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000
20 25 30 35 40 45
Fork length(cm) R 0.6023
Fecundity
50 40 30 20 10 0 50 40 30 20 10 0 50 40 30 20 10 0
Fecundity
20 80 140 200 260 320 380 440 550 560 620 680 740 Egg diameter(μm)
Mature Immature
Maturing
80 60 40 20 0
Fecundity
20 25 30 35 40
Fork length(cm) FL50 26.6cm
, 1
.
26.6cm(FL) , 1999 2000
24.0cm 2.6cm
(NFRDI, 2005). 7 8
. 26cm
3.0 (NFRDI, 2005),
. ,
. 2007 2008
60% ,
. GSI
2007 , 2008 3 6
,
.
. 28%(Park et al.,
1999), 17%(Cha et al., 2002), 20%(Cha and Lee, 2004)
.
2008 4 10.8% ,
10%
.
, .
, 33,493 627,061
. (Kang et
al., 1998), (Park et al., 1999), (Cha et al., 2002), (Cha and Lee, 2004)
.
2000 ,
.
15cm
.
,
.
42.8cm , 46.2cm
, 24.9cm ,
26.4cm . 2007
1 9 , 2008 1
7 , 8
.
GSI 2007 2008 2
3
6 , 7
,
.
(9 12 ), (1 2
), (2 3 ), (3 4 ),
(4 7 ), (7 9 )
.
3 7 ,
, Trachurus japonicus Temminck et Schlegel
627,061 (FL 40.6cm), 33,493
(FL 27.0cm) . (F)
(FL) F 0.0116FL4.7362
. 9 12
20 80 μm , 3
180 400 μm
. 4 480
740 μm
, 1
. 50%
logistic
, 26.6cm .
( ,
RP-2009-FR-053) .
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