Application of Regional Landslide Susceptibility, Possibility, and Risk Assessment Techniques Using GIS

전체 글

(1) , 34, 4 , 385-394, 2001 Econ. Environ. Geol., 34(4), 385-394, 2001.

(2) . . .

(3) . . Application of Regional Landslide Susceptibility, Possibility, and Risk Assessment Techniques Using GIS Saro Lee* National Geoscience Information Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 30, Kajeongdong, Taejeon, 305-350, Korea There are serious damage of people and properties every year due to landslides that are occurred by heavy rain. Because these phenomena repeat and the heavy rain is not an atmospheric anomaly, the counter plan becomes necessary. The study area, Ulsan, is one of the seven metropolitan, and largest cities of Korea and has many large facilities such as petrochemical complex and factories of automobile and shipbuilding. So it is necessary assess the landslide hazard potential. In the study, the three steps of landslide hazard assessment techniques such as susceptibility, possibility, and risk were performed to the study area using GIS. For the analyses, the topographic, geologic, soil, forest, meteorological, and population and facility spatial database were constructed. Landslide susceptibility representing how susceptible to a given area was assessed by overlay of the slope, aspect, curvature of topography from the topographic DB, type, material, drainage and effective thickness of soil from the soil DB, type age, diameter and density from forest DB and land use. Then landslide possibility representing how possible to landslide was assessed by overlay of the susceptibility and rainfall frequency map. Finally, landslide risk representing how dangerous to people and facility was assessed by overlay of the possibility and the population and facility density maps The assessment results can be used to urban and land use plan for landslide hazard prevention.. GIS, landslide, susceptibility, possibility, risk.

(4) !"# $% & ' ()* !"# $#

(5) + ,)&-& ./ !"# $0 &1 2 2345 & 67 (8&% 9# :;<= >?=6 2@A BCDEF<G HI" JKL MN OPQ R 2@ A 6STU&

(6) V0 $ <= WX ?= Y ,Z[ \"]% YG ^ :; <=_ <` <a bc d) b<&\ ,) ; 6ST R ef G g ;h"]i &G &\" j kl ml ^nl o pB[ 86"]% jkl* q <r R G st C 6u v & !"][ w 9 <=& x4 !1 jkG yz { <` 1X | |}~ <` R[ bc 1X f A g Cb R[ d) 1X f |7 7 + R[ 9# b<&\ R[

(7) " pB"]% 9# ml* C v[ 0 ml[ y zi jkl pB 1 q+G

(8) " pB"]% ^nl* !6 6ST_ ml[ yzi ml pB 1 vQ ; 6ST R[

(9) " pB"]% &' :; }[ ^ +6 b<&\ _ ,JX \ g $% <6 jkl ml ^nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Corresponding author: [email protected]. . . . .

(10) . . . . B 8 ?@ B = {\(`+ u = $% k&\ D , 'W h A, &'1 = B ,) 8 z AL 1 u k& DL &' 8W h A12 z * B ,+ .2 ,- k&DW 8W 67 *+ h) ?@ 81 g \vw u Ds= , ) % g < \vwL 8, = B ,+ 4 % 3¡ *+ , ¢

(11) . ! "#$% &'() *+ ,- . / ,012 &'( 3/, 45 !$% &'( 67 8 3/% ,1 9 :;$ < ,= >9 ?@ A1 9 B < 67, CD(+ E ,- < ?@ A1 9 F G < HIJK12L K $ M N DO+ P2 Q 12 = ,R( .SL MT DL UVW X B .YW $R() ,= Z[A\1 $R( K $ M H]W ^\= _$% (`+ A Z[A\ "N abG1 ?I cN\,) deN\2 f$, g 9 N\L ( ,+ h) 9ij Vkl;J= mn( ao dp qrs tdJ u 9ij \vwx, y z * A,+ Q 12 ,- Z[A\ 1 9 [A$ B = {\(`+ B = ? AL | >} ~/ > ,R ./ \vw u = < (`% ,= ,R( B = {\(`+ . . . . . .

(12).

(13) . " #

(14). !. . . . . $ % % &''.

(15) . . . . . ( )*+%, ,. . *+%, , -+, )+. -

(16).

(17). . ( ) + )+ -

(18).

(19). " # ( ) ++ +. /

(20). . . . . .

(21). P2 Q 12 B = ? | 12 £ £H¤ |¥¦ uW >} 12 § j¨ © kª>« uW ~/ 1 . . IRS satellite image and administrative district of study area, Ulsan city.. .

(22)

(23) . 2 ~/§ £¬ ¬ ®N uW h) >,R § j¨ © | kª>« uL d¶ = ,R W ,R( D1 9 u¬¯W °) ,= ± (`+ >}N § j¨ © kª>« | u UV( W B (`+ h) L = ) *% § >} U§ K < 8 B B ²:1 &' D È1 PÉ §= ÊË j¨ >}, z Å = )(. ? ³¦Ń= UV( /%G |y· = © wL © B (`+ µ% ?@ B y = kª>« >}L kª ÌÍ= | 8 B ²:1 Ds < \vwW ± >}, UÎ AL |W ÊËÏ+ ~/ NL £ ~eL ~/NL ~/ £ UV( B (`+ ¬ ¬ Ð®N uL d¶ = ,R(`+ ~/ N ~/N d¶ = ,R(`+ , ~/N ~/U £¬ ¬ ®N uL = 8 ?@ B = ?( Z ) *+ ~/U ÁÑ ~_ ÒÐ_ ^ [A\1 9 d¶ y·+ ,- ~¶ Uyz < ~/ uL = d¶ : + ¸¹ |NL £ º ) *+ £¬ ÒL Ó)£L Ô,= ÊË L |NL u) N» uW ¬ ÕW ÊÖ+ ®N U ÒL ®N1 >,RN d¶ ? d¶ = ,R(`+ ,- |N d¶ u ÊÖ+ ~e /W .(;$% ) N N u ¼ ½L d¶ y / r !W + , u)= ,R( U§.YW $R / ×= X (`+ g Ø W ¾(`+ ¿L AN d¶ Ùfa Ú N \ Û Ù /N ÀL Á. Â Ã , f a uL Ø Ag: ÜÝ s + |£N d¶ Þ9 °ß uL xz*+ \vw d¶ W ,R( | £¯W ( Ä·+ ¨ &'\ = àW * áL \v |£H¤N d¶ wxW 9/% â}\vw ãXMT \vw d W ,R( | £H¤¯W ( Ä· d\vw ãäã \vw < 'MT \vw u + N d¶ L £ : \vw å !W d¶ = ,R(`+ NL Å/ = d¶ = ,R(`+ >}L h) , ij mã$ æ \vw f !W £ te:;.ÆL ½Ç>}NL >} d¶ = ,R(`+ ,- g < \v . . . . . . 1 . . . 1 . 0+ . . 2. . &&'

(24) . . *5650. . . . $3 + $4+ % 3 ,

(25). .

(26). . / . . $3 +. / . . . . . . $3 +. $4+ %. 3 ,

(27). . 1 . . 1 . . . 1 . . . $4+ %. 3 ,

(28). . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . Constructed GIS layers in Ulsan city. Layer. Administrative district Facility Contour line Drainage Road DEM (Digital elevation model) Hillshaded image Slope Aspect Geology Fault Soil Forest IRS Pan image LADNSAT TM Image Land use. Source data Topographic map Topographic map Topographic map Topographic map Topographic map Contour of topographic map DEM DEM DEM Geological map Geological map Soil map Forest map IRS Pan image Landsat TM image Landsat TM image. Scale. Data type. 1 : 5,000 1 : 5,000 1 : 50,000 1 : 50,000 1 : 50,000 1 : 50,000 1 : 50,000 1 : 50,000 1 : 50,000 1 : 250,000 1 : 25,000 1 : 25,000 1 : 25,000 5 m 5 m 30 m 30 m 30 m 30 m. Coverage Coverage Coverage Coverage Coverage GRID Image GRID GRID Converage Converage Converage Converage Image Image GRID. . .

(29) YW ,R( DL § w d¶ ° çè%G ¿= éqà4 oUV R(`% ,- d¶ |N < 3pq= î?Ú &' kÒ1 9 f$ mìW ,ïÑ DL § î?Ú X ^¾y·+ f$ mìW &' f$ mìW DL î? §L UÎ f$ mì ð ¯% u¬.

(30) ¯W (`+ , 6= xz N1 .SL R A1 $RO .Y < B ²: , Êñ lÅ f$L ò: lÅ, UÎ( A12 ê£ë = ,R( &' f$L mìW ( h mìW l Z[A\1 9 B = {\(`+ ÅL u¬¯% ó (`+ ,ïÑ ó O u ¸¹ B = ? MT DW ¬¯W °^Ú ±( À12L ¯W (`+ ,- ¯ ÀÚ ± Á.= À |= | 0£(`+ h) ,- DxW u W X °^Ú u¬¯W jÌ ò( (`+ ¬¯ .SL ²:= .Q% ( ³¦ .Y% u¬ ¯W DL I jÌ &' mì¯% °) jí DxW Ñ °·% D¶L /9$ DN I1 jÌ ( ¯W (`+ ³¦L ã 9 CD(+ B 1 ,RO D £ £ . . .

(31). 8- ++ %

(32). . . . .

(33) . . 7. * +%,. 3 %.

(34). . . /. . . 5"896:. ". . . . .

(35) . Range and rating of topographic, soil, forest, and land use. Slope (degree) 0 6 10 14 18 24 30 38. Topogrphy. -. 5 9 13 17 23 29 37 86. Rating. Curvature. Rating. Soil drainage. Rating. 0.10 0.27 0.79 1.32 1.72 2.09 2.15 1.51. < -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2. 2.08 3.00 2.14 2.55 2.21 1.97 1.69 1.16. Rock Very poorly drained Poorly or very poorly Poorly drained. 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.10. Somewhat poorly or poorly drained Moderately well or poorly drained. 0.13. Somewhat poorly drained. 0.15. Rating 0.13 0.70 0.74 1.01 1.08 1.13 1.16. -1. 0.99. Moderately well or somewhat poorly drained. 0.16. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6. 0.55 0.86 0.87 1.04 1.03 0.90 0.77. Moderately well or well drained Somewhat poor or well drained Moderately well or excessively drained Well drained. N. 1.39. > 7. 0.83. NE. 1.71. Aspect Flat Area S SE SW W NW E. Topographic Type Plateau, Tidal flat, Alluvium fan. Dune, River and sea flood area, Plainalluvium Lower hilly plateau Piedmont slope area, Mountainous piedmont slope area Hilly area Mountainous area Mountainous and hilly vally alluvium, Lower hilly vally alluvium Rock. Rating 0.00 0.05 0.22 1.00 1.33 1.90 2.00. Soil Well or excessively drained Excessively drained Soil material Diluvium, Alluvium Fluvial and marine alluvium Fluvial Valley alluvium Alluvial colluvium, Limestone colluvium, Acidic rocks colluvium and sediment, Sedimentary rock colluvium and sediment, Neutral or basic rock colluvium and sediment Acidic rock, Limestone residuum, Metamorphic sedimentay rock and schist residuum, Diluvium, Acidic, neutral, basic and sedimentarly rock residuum, Neutral or basci rock residuum. 0.59 0.94 1.02 1.37 1.72 Rating 0.02 0.04 0.20 0.36. 1.58.

(36)

(37) .

(38) . . Continued.. Topo- Slope (degree) grphy Lower hilly area. Rating. Curvature. Wood type. Rating. Soil drainage. Rating. 2.25. Soil type. Rating. Rating. Sand dune, Saline soil, Tidal flat, Rock. 0.00. Pine, Field Cultivated land Non-forest Larch. 0.00 0.02 0.14 0.44. Mixed broad leaf tree, Needle and broad leaf tree. 1.32. Low humic gley soil and alluvial soil Alluvial soil, Flood plain Regosols Lihosols and red-yellow podzolic soil Lithosols, Acidic brown forest soil Regosols and red-yellow podzolic soil. 0.41 0.57 1.00 1.16 1.54 4.00. Rigida pine. 1.64. Coulter's pine Artificial chestnut tree. 2.61 5.00. Tital flat, Rock > 150 cm. Rating. 100 - 150 cm or > 150cm. 0.22. 0.00 0.13 1.42 2.15. 100 - 150 cm. 0.33. 50 - 100 cm or 100 - 150 cm 50 - 100 cm 20 - 50 cm or 50 - 100 cm. 0.59 0.84 1.23 1.62. Wood diameter Medium diameter Non-forest Forest Small diameter Very small diameter. Effective thickness. Soil. Ratin. 20 - 50 cm. 4th age. 0.00. 0 - 20 cm. Non-forest. 0.13. Wood ageg. 3rd age. 1.13. 2nd age 1st age. 1.47 2.15 wood density. Rating 0.59 1.23 1.44 1.50. Non-forest Loose Dense Moderate. H¤ ¥¦ u |¿ >} § © kª>« j¨ | u >}¿ ~/ £¬ ¬ ®N u ~ /¿ >,R ¿ u,+ DL u¬ R A ²:= .Q% ( , °· ô Å/ ¿ .SL R < põ A12L UV¿ Gö( Q B 12 )( ÷ø) >} §L £ $L ¿= $R (f .S RAL : U§K ù .SL ²:= ,R(`+ ú u .SL R ]A1 9 >} §L £ ÂL >}N= ,R( ³¦L ã oUVYW $R(`ô Q 12 h ²: > } §L u¬¯W ,R(`+ , , ³¦.YW ,R B ²: ¯W u f$% U§ Nf. . 0+ . 1 . 1 .

(39) . 1 . . . Rating 0.00 0.10. 2.00 Land use. Rating. No data Urban Water. 0.00 0.11 0.12. Land Rice field use Industrial Complex Grass Barren Forest (loose) Forest (dense). 0.14 0.22 0.37 0.42 1.11 1.57. + ¯L ûs ¯ û9 ¯ < Bü¯ ,+ ,- ¯, ýWþ &'1 9 (+ W Lÿ+ ,- ¯ z ¯W .Ï% hï ³(Ñ U % /9$ W B *+ Q 12 ,- ¯W Ø Ú UV(`ô Z[A\ ËL Ú f$W )( U§(f : + Z° f$W ) Bü¯, ý% b a 12 ,L ¯W Ê+ , , Z° < A, ° 9,z2 ¯, +É 1 m ýÑ Ê+ , A, +É A1 m £, &'1 (+ W Ï+ . ;. /2. /. . . . 0+ /. . ;& . . . . . '.

(40) .

(41).

(42) Landslide susceptibility map of Ulsan. Distribution of susceptibility index per administrative district.. . Administrative District. Area (Km2). Area Rating. Mean Index. Ulju-Gu Dong-Gu Nam-Gu Jung-Gu Buk-Gu. 751.89 44.27 74.19 36.25 156.31. 954.16 430.49 652.48 349.06 1914.43. 12.69 9.73 8.79 9.63 12.25. . . \¶,) ¨3.¶, 1 9 NN ³¦Ń ½=

(43) x·% vG 3¨ {Ò 12 , Ry) *+ Rb Q 12 ,- ³¦Ń= R(`) B = ? ¿L /N ÀL Á.= #Ã # ( d ¶ ¼ 2&½ !.¶, 2\¶ ,) ¨3.¶, W R(`+ L £ ° &'( , ³¦ŃL R, $(+ ,- ³¦ Ń !\¶ < ¨3.¶1 P £L *% L &' }/, .SL ²: R &&/

(44) 1 L(f 2\¶ a] ,/ £ &'+ åW )( ! \¶, 2\¶ ¨3.¶ W R(`+ ³¦ ŃL u¬ U u f$% uU( ¯W °·+ , . S1 O ²: ) Q A, és( ³¦ŃL U§ Ú o, 4 u -+ %)+ )-<% +

(45). 2&. . &''

(46) . . &&'

(47) . . . 8 ²:1 ´ Q H¨ d¶ 1 yz * ³¦Ń d¶ = ±( B (`+ I /9$ DN N < ³¦Ń= Ñ °·+ Q 8 B 1 RO ³¦Ń vG12 áA L ''½ ´M7åL p.¶ ´¿= R(. NUVHY1 L !.¶, /U / ; 2 . . . . . . . . 2. ;. '. . 0+ 2

(48) .

(49)

(50) . Distribution of possibility index per administrative district.. Range and rating of rainfall frequency. Rainfall frequency range (mm) 147 164 172 178 180. -. 163 171 177 179 180. . Rating. Administrative District. 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00. ¬ ¯W ? , °·+ , ¯ A\ ¯1 ( 8 ¯W (` + ,- 8 ¯W u f$% U § Nf : + , , 1 ³¦Ń= ± UV 8 B ²: 8 ¯L ûs ¯ û9 ¯ < Bü¯ ,+ , - 8 ¯, ýWþ &' 8 , ý+ W Lÿ( "9 ¯, W þ &' 8, ý+ W Lÿ+ Q 12 ,- 8 ¯ W Ø Ú. Ulju-Gu Dong-Gu Nam-Gu Jung-Gu Buk-Gu. . Area (Km2). Area Rating. Mean Rating. 730.72 7.00 73.41 36.25 145.74. 9777.21 78.49 707.56 369.78 1903.65. 13.38 11.21 9.64 10.20 13.06. . . /. '. . /;. &/. . . Landslide possibility map of Ulsan.. UV(`ô Z[A\ ËL Ú f$W ) ( U§(f + UV ²: m(Ñ Z° f$W ) Bü¯, % ý% b a 12 ,L ¯W Ê+ , , Z° < Bü 8 ¯, ýÑ Ê% , A ¯, +É 1 m ý A, ¯1 m +É A:L Üo zx·+. 0+. //'. &. /;. . . . . .

(51) . . . . ?@ B Ì HYW X B ( `+ Ý HY A1 UÎ( < \vwL ®N= ( ,= 8 B ²:1 ±( AL áK$ ?@ W B (`) Ì Ý HY N N w u \vwL ½Ú ¿= ,R( ,= 8 B ²:1 ±( ½Ú \vwL ?@ W B (`+ Ý HY 8 B ²:1 Q A1 UÎ( < \vw uL ®N= ±( B (`+ I 8 < 9/ wW °·+ 9/wL u¬W (. ? UÎ < å \vwL ®N= ò( (` ) 9/w u f$% uU(`) u¬ ¯ B 1 RO ½ DsL û9 8 u¬ ¯ W .Ï% ( UÎ < \vw ®N= û9I= °z , ¯W .Ï% uU(. Range and rating of population and facility density. Population range. Rating. Facility density range. Rating. 1007-4455 4720-5235 6236-9971 10346-10346 10551-10652 10730-18159 18185-21002 21871-23378 25046-30477 38984-38984. 0.65 1.30 1.95 2.60 3.25 3.90 4.55 5.20 5.85 6.50. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6-7 8-9 10-17 18-32. 0.65 1.30 1.95 2.60 3.25 3.90 4.55 5.20 5.85 6.50. . . . . . /. /. ;. Landslide risk map of Ulsan.. . u¬ ¯W °·+ , ¯ A\ 8 ¯1 ( ?@ ¯W (`+ ,- ?@ ¯W u f$% U§ Nf + ,- ²: AL [A$ ?@W B (ô ,R¡ *+ 0+ ;

(52) . . 2. . .

(53)

(54) Distribution of risk index per administrative district. - DW ,R( Â UVW {\( B = (`) ,- ²:1 ³¦ Ń= Area Mean Administrative Area Rating Rating District (Km ) ±UV( 8W B (`+ µ% Ulju-Gu 730.31 12473.04 17.08 8 B ²:1 < \vw ¿ Dong-Gu 7.11 108.12 15.20 = ±( ?@ B = (`+ ,- Nam-Gu 73.44 1176.81 16.02 UV ²: Ø AÚ < 8 Jung-Gu 36.27 620.10 17.10 ¯ Z°Û a b % ?@ Buk-Gu 145.68 2618.29 17.97 ¯ Z° b a % Ê + h) ¯L Bü ÏÜo ÏÜo , , 81 9/wW ± UV ?@ 8 ¯L Bü ?@ ¯L Bü ÏÜo B ²: ?@ ¯L ûs ¯ û 9 ¯ < Bü¯ ,+ ,- ?@ 12 ?@% þ Bü¯ ýÑ ¯, ýWþ &' 8 < 8 ÏÜo¯ $Ñ Ê+ Bü¯, ý4 ) , ý+ W Lÿ( "9 ¯, W y D, 42 ¯, ý4 ,) Ï þ &' 8 < 8, + W Üo¯, 4 L £ 91 ¯ Lÿ+ Q 12 ,- ?@ ¯W Ø , ýÑ Ê , A \vw u D. Ú UV(`ô Z[A\ ËL Ú f$W s $Ñ UÎ( ?@ UV12 ÏÜo¯, )( U§(f : + h ²: $Ñ Ê+ Q 12 8 < ?@ B \ Z° b uL ¯, m(Ñ Êô , Z°L £ < 8 RO ³¦Ń \vw UÎ1 9 u ¯, ý

(55) Ds $) "9 b ¬ ¯L v W O ¿ , $ °z R A < 8 ¯,

(56) (`ô !% ,1 9 < , CD ,+ E D¶L /9$ D "I= Ds 4 , , Ê+ Ì Ý HY N N w u ½Ú \vwL Ñ °·ô &'¿1 #$ I= ² ?@ B = ? 1 IN 1 ( N CD(+ h) 8 < ?@ B 8 NfW ±( ?@W B *Ñ (` \ ® ³¦Ń < + ® \v + INL N N w uL \ w ¿L $R, CD( ?@ B \ ?@³¦ vwxL ¿= 8 UV²: ±( 1 PÉ mRG% u £^½& N', CD(+ \vwÚ 1 ?@= UV Q 12 $RO .Yx, B .YL *+ ,- ?@ B HY ½Ú \vwL ?@ Ï%2 , (R¡ *Ñ (. ?2 Q 12 [A$ B = (`% ¤ 8 < ? W B (ô ,R¡ *+ @ B L $R\ rß .Ï < $R HY1 *z UV²:1 .)() ® ¿= ,R DO+ ² ,- : W X B .Y Q 12 Z[A\1 9 [A$ W ½& < $R( .YW åo ¤/\* 8 ?@ B .YW $R(`+ ,- 3{1 + ÏlO B = {\() B 1 *z = ,R( UVW ) ³(Ñ ,= $, (R- ,+ E = ,R( *·+ ,- B .Y $RW ? ¸¹ 1 9 M < B = :;$,) ªì$% d¶ = ,R( B 1 CD D *% ¿L !$ < W ó(`+ | = ,R( W ¾ : M < B = X 67 < 6H1 £ £H¤ |¥¦ uW (`) . *W ,+ E ,- B ²: >} 12 > j¨ © kª>« uW ~/ 6HW ? H¨ e >½& . 12 ~/§ £¬ ¬ ®N uW h) > v . u1 .)¿ ,R¡ *+ +Ø Q ,R u B 1 CD DW ó(`+ h) , 1 RO | >} ~/ u MT . . 2. . . . ;. 2. / ;. . . ;. /'. ;;'. '. . . . 0+. . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3. . . . . .

(57) M´gµE ¶µe d¶ ,ÿ áW 9/% 9GU yz * ²\³ & G &\ <a ^n ·&¸¹ /, ,= (R(f $ mR: É \ & ;h ± ¶1 á$% B = *W ,+ , & <6 [ &\ j kl pB ,Z \ :; :º2E» E^ ¼µ & ½|¾ M¿ ·&¸¹&G &\ \<= pB À|<aE±< d´:; ÁJO#X S gJ ,Z :; O#X 3 ¡q+ ¡m¢2 g+ £ ¤¥¦ £|g ,X O\§ ¢ ¨ & &©ª « }<,¬ :; E, ¬ \ £?® ¯? \ °l <= :; ¡<ME±< Â #tg Â ÃÄ . . . . . .

(58)

(59)

(60) . . . . &&'

(61) .

(62) . . . . . .

(63)

(64). . .

(65)

(66)

(67) . . . . .

(68). +"%,'" '*+""%-. . . . . . . . . . . . ". )"! '*. *. !/" ..!/ !"'$!*$&. * ,) * &$% &%" 1. . .

(69)

(70) . !" # $% &%" ' ( $. 0). . #"" $% 2 !$! !+$& $$&0 . *. &$% &%". , +"!3&!0 $! 4*- *'"$5 1'*)"!$& "*&. *-0 1

(71) .

(72) . .

(73) . .

(74). . . .

(75)