IEG 환경지질연구정보센터
11
0
0
전체 글
(2) j÷ ÁÆÖÁ;vÆÁfÏB. 2. ·f V~ >Ò* r . 6, ÚR>þ Ö"¢ Ï~ R>ê>º âß»j Væ pº © b Òb, Ò. f ·ã B ï¯~æ p ®ïê ·çj &öj ~ ~º ©bB, * ãj Û ç7 &V * ·ç" ¾ ¢~~º © . "BÚ : .6 .& ʺ * ã, * æz, ê, >Ò*êê, >Ò* 1.. B . z> j V FÚFÿö 'Ëj ~º º²º OË, * (aperture), V(roughness), Ò ç ^Öê(connectivity) b rJ^ ® . 7 * f FÚFÿö jº *j ~V r^ö * æzº ¢ ÚöB R>ê> Ö;ö &Ë 7º j . . * Vf ;ö V Ú FÚFÿ, ß® R >ê>f~ &ê¢ C®V * .cVöº ¾ rJê : & ï¯6(parallel plate) Îj &; âß»(cubic law)j ÒÏ~& . ¾, âß»f >~ ö ~ j V FÚFÿj z ç ;{~² C > ìr «Ã>î . º ®ïê ;¢ &ææ Fÿã *Ú~ * j ¢;~² Ö; > ì V r^ . 6, ö {Kj &~B ö V * æzf R>ê>ö & þ' ê > ê¯ >î . ê ®ïê j V FÚFÿ f âß»j ½Ú¾º ãË ®b, ß® * §j ãÖº *ç z× vöj "Ë® . 6, FÚ~ vªf *Úö ¢^®º © jî¢ ®ïê B %º ¦ªöBº vª ì îj ®º ¦ª j V¢Bò FÚ& vº ²* j6 vª(channel flow) B~º ©b rJr . æ, ïê~æ pf ~ ;f ö V * æz¢ ;{® 2k~º © Ö 7º~ . ¢ * ;{ V~·çj 2k~ * j G;~V * ôf & ®î . .cVöº profilometer¢ Ï ~ ·ã~ V¢ G;~ ¢ Û * j êÖ~& . 6, * æz·çj ç7 &V~ G ;~V *Bº Úö .ê(resin), ö(epoxy), 6º Wood's metalj "«~º O»j &Ë ô ÒÏ~ & . O»ö ®ÚBº ·ã~ ;çj B ê, BB ©j ÎÞz(moulder) ÒÏ~ ~ R« B®(replica)j B·b ~ V¾ * j G;~& . º & R>>W z>öB öVb æ[ ¾ª æöB¦V öVb ¾ªê ¦"ræ z>öB~ /{ ö V * " R>W æz¢ ÚÚV * ~& . 1). 2-5). ¯, æ ~ êö V /{ç¢ þ öB Ò*~ /{ö V * ~ æz·çj Vö BBB G ;O» z× ;& Ëj¢ Û G; ê, G;B * æz 8j Æ& >Ò*êê¢ êÖ~ * æz ö V >Ò*êê æzßWj 2k~¶ ~& . öBº " þ öB ÒÏ®~ © z ¸f ç ê~ .6 .& ʺ * ã(confocal laser scanning microscope; CLSM)j Ï~ 5ê~ >ç ¢»{»K æzö V * æzïj ç7 G;~& . O»f resin ~ bîj "« ãÖ ÿ¢ò¢ Ï ³ ' * æz G; ®&Ë ©"º Ò ÿ¢òö. ê~ {Kj &~B * ~ ³' æz¢ &V > ®r ßû . 6, ÿ¢ ¢»{»Kj &~ B ÚR>þj ~ {Kæzö V R>ê> ~ æz¢ ÚÚ, ¢ Û {Kö V * V~ ³' æzf R>ê>~ &ê¢ jv~& .. 2,6-9). 10-14). 2.. * 5 >Ò*êê G;. zC ò ö ÒÏ zCòº ÖæöB º¢ Û j ¢V ãî z;z . òº jB z Ú 7öB zÚ Ë»ö &Ú ï¯ ¢ j <º F ¦ªj F~ ^ 11 cm, 5.5 cm~ V C 7B(GRA~GRG) B·~& (Fig. 1). 7 GRGº 2.1.. 15,16). 17-20). 21-23). Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 1~11, 2003. Fig. 1. Core specimens used for the study..
(3) {Kö V * æzf >Ò*êê æz &V. 3. Fig. 2. Schematic description of slices of a specimen for aperture measurement.. Ò* .j þj * B· ò B V C öº >æ p~b, GRA~GRF~ 6B ò¢ « 'b Ï~& . B·B òº b& ÚR>þö ÒÏ~&b,. ÚR>þj ê CLSMj Ï * G;j * ò¢ ^ 2 cm 5ª~& . * G;f 5B~ .ò 7 &Ú 3B ¦ªò Ï~ ~& . 6 , 5.5 cm 7 zÚ 7, ¯ 7öB ·ãb 3 cm Ú~ 'òj &çb * j G;® . Fº 11 cm ^~ ò ç" ~¦ª, zÚ & Ë¶Ò ¦ªf ò. ";öB ¢¦& Ú^ *'b * 9Úê ¦ª ®bæ ¦ªj B~V * &Ú 3B ¦ª" 3 cm 'ò G; ~& (Fig. 2).. ÚR>þ 5 * G; ^ 11 cm~ Ú¢ &çb {Kæzö V R >W æz¢ 2k~V * ÚR>þj ~& .. ÚR>þf zCòö /{" R>{j ÿö &~ B R>þj >¯ > ®º Ëj(ELE 70-5130 series) ¢ Ï~ nÿ&v æ~ã""öB >¯~&. . R>þj b& Fº CLSM ~öB ò ö {Kj &~B * j G;~J Ú¢ ^ 2 cm .~¢ ~æ, ò& .F ãÖ R>þ j > ìV r^ . þöBº òö &~º /{j 10 MPa¦V 20 MParæ 1 MPaO Ã&Ê R>{f 150 KPa ;Î çöB R>Wj 2k~ & . º Ú~ ö &æº {K~ Vö V ¢ R>W~ æz·çj & {K*Ïb 2k~V * © . 2.2.. 24). Fig. 3. (a) Confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM), Olympus OLS 1100. (b) The specially manufactured compression device set on the stage of the CLSM.. * f .6 .& ʺ * ã(confocal laser j Ï~ ¢ ¾¢& ~ã"öB G;~& (Fig. 3a). Ëjº confocal optics¢ ÒÏ~æ 7»(light axis) OËöB çê¢ ² BF~& . G;Êö 'Ï * Îj Ï ~ · V~·ç G;f b 2Nö" 3Nö æ¢ ¶F² ³ > ®r ßû, Vö BBB G;Ë~ 7 &Ë ¸f çê¢ <º . 6, V~ G;Ë~fº Ò VN * ã 2 ®¢ Û ò&V 5 G; &Ë~æ * Ú V~;~ ³f b, æî' &6öB~ 7b 6;, V~·ç &V ÿö Úî > ® . * ãj Ï òG;f 5Vf 10V v «~~ & b2®¢ Ï~& . þöB xf yOË~ G; çêº 1,024Ü1,024 pixel J;~&b 5V 2® ÒÏ 1² G;º*º 2.56Ü2.56 mm, 10V 2® ÒÏ ~ º*º 1.28 Ü1.28 mm . b& *Ú~ ·çj &V~ æ¢ áV * 5V &b2®¢ Ï R '~& . 6, * f î Ö §V r^ö scanning microscope(CLSM); Olympus OLS 1100). 25). Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 1~11, 2003.
(4) 4. j÷ ÁÆÖÁ;vÆÁfÏB. 5V &b2®öB G; ãÖ JN& Ö î ÖJ& ®bæ, ;{ * G;j * 10V &b2®¢ Ï ~& . G;*Ïf 2 mmB Îv 15B æ6öB 2Nö * G;, æ ³ Ò Ê¶j ~& . ʺf G;ö & 2Nö " 3Nö ;çj B & . ~¾~ {KêöB G;&ç ' *Úö & R' " ʺ ¾ ò¢ G; ·6b ÿÎ ê, {Kj r ê ¸ *öB J« ";j. >~ * ö & ;¢ ³~& . r ' { Kê ê ~ * æz öò jî¢ "æ~ V~·ç æzê "~~ &V~& . CLSM~ Êræö ò¢ ËOÎ çöB òö. ª~~ {»Kj &~V * ß> B· {»Ëj¢ Ò Ï~& (Fig. 3b). {»Ëjº F{j Ï~ ö ¢»{»j &~º ©bB 1 MPa * & 200 MPa ræ {Kj & > ® . þf V~ þ "º Ò Úö {Kj ·~² & çöB * ãj Û ç7 * j G; > ®r ßû . æ , þf ÿ¢ * j &çb * ã ~öB {K æzö V * æz¢ ³'b G; > ®V r ^ö R Î"' Ö"¢ ê â > ® . .j Ú¢ Ï~ 10~20 MPa º*öB 1 MPaO {Kj Ã&Ê * æz¢ G; ~j r, {K à &ïö j * ~ æz& ~ ¾æ¾æ p~ . V¢ B, þöBº Úö >ÿb . &Ë & {. Fig. 4. Images of fractures acquired using the five times of magnification lens. (a) 0 MPa, (b) 70 MPa. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 1~11, 2003.
(5) {Kö V * æzf >Ò*êê æz &V. 5. Fig. 5. Examples of aperture values measured with the five stress level (GRA and GRE).. K 2 MPa, 10 MPa, 35.17 MPa, 52.76 MPa, 70.34 MPa ~ {»Kj 5êö ö &~B ç* ^ ê~ {» Kj &~ * æz ·çj ÚÚ~ . &{~ v êº æ ~~ j" »f êö ~º ©bB, º Âê z>~ {Kö V * æz¢ Fº~V * © . 3.. {Kö V * æz ßW. ê~ ¢»{»Kö ~ *>' V~·çj ÚÚV * 5V {&2®¢ Ï G;' *Úö & 2Nö .6 æ¢ ³~& . 5V {&2® R' æº {Kj &~æ pf 0 MPaöB~ 5. * ~ ·ç"(Fig. 4a) îæï {Kê 70 MPaöB~ * ç (Fig. 4b). R' æ¢ ~ ;& çF¾ ·ã ï¯~æ pbæ ÿ¢ ò ÚöBê * ~ Vº ÿ¢~æ p . 6 {K j &~æ pf çöBê * f Ö §f ç¢ Fæ~ ®b, ¢¦ªf ~ 7/ ®º ç . îæï {Kê~ ãÖ, *>'b * f 6² ·çj & . ¾, .V ç¦V "æö j. Ö §f * j <¾ ®ïê V~;çb 7/ ®~ f * ~ 6²~æ p~. (GRC3, GRD1, GRD2 in Fig. 4b).. ê~ ¢»{»Kj &~B ' òö *Ïb J; 15B~ * G;æ6öBº 10V {& &b2® 5. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 1~11, 2003.
(6) j÷ ÁÆÖÁ;vÆÁfÏB. 6. Table 1. Maximum and minimum variation of the apertures on each specimen Specimen GRA. GRB. GRC. GRA1 GRA2 GRA3 GRB1 GRB2 GRB3 GRC1 GRC2 GRC3. Max 0.054 0.048 0.040 0.139 0.094 0.063 0.034 0.035 0.028. Min 0.041 0.023 0.001 0.091 0.025 0.045 0.018 0.015 0.001. Fig. 6. Contacted fracture walls under 2 MPa at the 15th point of GRC 3.. ¢ Ï * V¢ G;~& (Fig. 5). ' òê {K" & {K* * æzïj ÚÚ òö V¢ Ö ·~² ¾æ (Table 1). 7 GRC3~ 15® æ6öBº 0.001 mm~ æzïj * æz & ~ ìî~ ©b ¾æÒ . æ6f Fig. 6öB º :f ? {Kj &~æ pf çöBê ·. Fig. 7. Aperture increase with increasing stress level. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 1~11, 2003. Specimen GRD. GRE. GRF. GRD1 GRD2 GRD3 GRE1 GRE2 GRE3 GRF1 GRF2 GRF3. Max 0.048 0.106 0.179 0.146 0.061 0.071 0.026 0.024 0.025. Min 0.020 0.008 0.101 0.004 0.030 0.048 0.008 0.014 0.008. ã ~ ¿Ú ®º ·çj ®bæ, ò ö {Kj &~z¢ê * ~ æz& B F& ~ ìº ç . GRDº Væ òf Ò {K Ã&ö V¢ * ~ *Ú æ p J®J Ã&~º ·ç ¾æÒ . GRD2~ 14® æ6" 15® æ6~ ãÖ ^ ® { Kêræº * '' 0.01 mmO 6²~&b¾, J ® {Kê¦V * V& J®J Ã&~& (Fig. 7). GRD2 13® G;æ6f {K ·Ï~æ pº .Vê ¦V ·ã ~ %j ®º çîb, {K Ã&ö V¢ ¦ªöB ^ *æ& B &ê 14® f 15® æ6~ * J®J Ã& © . ¾, 14® æ6~ ãÖ 5® {KêöBº * 6²& B~& . Þ, GRD2 6® G;æ6f {K.V êöBº B %j ®æ pæò { K Ã&~B * 6²~ & « {KêöBº B î"~B ç~ ¦ªö îÚ ²(microcrack) B~º ·çj & (Fig. 8). GRE1~ 11® æ6f "æ G;æ6öB~ 8 ú ® ¸f æzïj & . æ6f "æ"º Ò .
(7) {Kö V * æzf >Ò*êê æz &V. 7. Fig. 8. Decrease of aperture with increasing stress level and development of new crack.. ·ã jv' ï¯~² B~ ®b .V * ê 9f Þîbæ, {K Ã&ö V¢ * ~ 6 ²& "æö j ² B > ®º V~' j <ºîV r^ . Þ, GRE1~ 1® f 2® G;æ 6öBê {K Ã&ö V¢ * Ã&~º ·ç &V>î (Fig. 5). f J® {Kêræº '' 0.01 mmf 0.02 mm~ * æzïj &b¾, U® {KêöB 0.02 mmf 0.03 mm~ * Ã&*ç B~& . æ6 f {K ·Ï~æ pf . ç öBê * Ö §f ç&b, {K Ã&ö V ¢ ·ã j* 7/~² >, z ç~ * 6²& ®&Ë~² >B {Kj ²~V * îÚ B~² >î . îÚ ~ î ²ÚæB. ò Ú¦ö ^ *æ& B~&b ö V¢ . B çw~º æ6"º îÚ ¦ª B &wNö V¢ * Ã&~² B © . ' òê * æzïf *>'b ¢; ãËj æ p G;æ6ö V¢ 8~ æz& j r > ® . ¾" ' æ6ê * ò *Úö ÿ¢ {K ·Ïöê ®~ ·~² æz Fº Fig. 4 öB º :f ? ~ ·ã B ï¯~æ p jB * Îv ² ª~, V¢B {K Ã&~B ö¾ * §f ¦ª 9f ¦ªö j ~ ¢¦ª B %² >B *Ú'b ÿ¢ * æzïj &î > ìV r^ . º ~ ª; ¢ Ò*~V * ï¯6 Îj ÒÏ~º ©f '.~. Table 2. Hydraulic conductivity calculated by mechanical aperture and hydraulic apertures and roughness effect Specimen. GRA. GRB. GRC. GRD. GRE. GRF. Pconf. (MPa) 10 15 20 10 15 20 10 15 20 10 15 20 10 15 20 10 15 20. bm (cm) 0.0098 0.0094 0.0090 0.0183 0.0170 0.0163 0.0312 0.0308 0.0305 0.0425 0.0417 0.0385 0.0263 0.0255 0.0248 0.0113 0.0110 0.0108. bh (cm) 0.0096 0.0091 0.0088 0.0179 0.0166 0.0159 0.0292 0.0287 0.0284 0.0422 0.0414 0.0379 0.0262 0.0254 0.0247 0.0112 0.0109 0.0107. Km (cm/sec) 2.780E-04 1.367E-04 6.687E-05 9.430E-04 7.616E-04 6.821E-04 1.311E-02 9.066E-03 6.358E-03 3.845E-02 3.424E-02 3.480E-02 1.382E-02 2.122E-03 4.109E-05 8.464E-06 1.699E-07 1.494E-08. Kh (cm/sec) 2.845E-04 1.404E-04 6.884E-05 9.630E-04 7.794E-04 6.970E-04 1.401E-02 9.718E-03 6.830E-03 3.872E-02 3.446E-02 3.533E-02 1.390E-02 2.134E-03 4.132E-05 8.541E-06 1.715E-07 1.508E-08. C(ξ)n 2,627 4,776 9,001 2,692 2,873 2,950 490 685 951 371 402 327 397 2,436 118,915 117,828 5,601,406 61,023,787. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 1~11, 2003.
(8) j÷ ÁÆÖÁ;vÆÁfÏB. 8. æ prj ¾ æ & . 4.. * æzf >Ò*êê æzf~ &ê. Ú R>þj Û ö {Kj &~B ò¢ ö ¢;ï~ b FÂF rræ~ ã"*j G;~ , Ö"f * G;Ö"¢ Ï~ 10 Mpa, 15 Mpa Ò 20 Mpa ^ êöB Darcy »ö "~ R >ê>¢ Ö;~& (Table 2). ' òî G;B ¦ª ê * ~ ïj êÖ~ ¢ b"« 'êÖö Ï~& . R>ê> êÖ Ö" GRAf GRBº 10 ~10 cm/sec ~ º*ö ~º R>ê>¢ ¾æî, GRCf GRD òº 10 ~10 cm/sec º*~ R>ê>¢ . GRE òº 10 ~10 cm/sec, GRF òº 10 ~10 cm/sec ~ R>ê> º*¢ ¾æî . V¢B, GRCf GRD ò& ò ö j jv' ¸f R>ê>¢ &^ ö~² b vº ©b 6B . GRA~GRD ò f {Kæzö V R>ê> æz& Ò æ pf ©b ¾æ >, GREf GRF~ ã Öº 10 MPa" 20 MPa~ R>ê>& '' 10 cm/sec " 10 cm/sec O N& B~& . V¢B, GREf GRF~ ãÖº òö j {K Ã&ö V¢ ò Ú * ~ 6²& ² B ©b 'B. . f ?f ·çj {Kö & * æzf jv * æzï &Ë ©f GRBf GRD B '' 0.002cmf 0.004cm ¾æÒ, ~ & ÞNê 0.001, 0.0021 ò ö j ² ¾æÒ. . >, GREf GRF òº 0.0015 cm, 0.0005 cm~ * æzïj òö j Ò æ pf æzïj &ê (Table 3). ¾, R>ê> Ö;Ö" . J®J ¸f R>ê> æzïj º ©f ~ bÒ' * (mechanical aperture)" B b~ vª B −4. −2. −2. −5. -3. −5. −6. −8. −3. −2. Table 3. Average, difference and standard deviation of the aperture under the normal stress from 10 to 20 MPa Specimen. Average (cm). GRA GRB GRC GRD GRE GRF. 0.0094 0.0172 0.0308 0.0409 0.0255 0.0110. Difference under stress (cm) 0.0008 0.0020 0.0007 0.0040 0.0015 0.0005. Standard Deviation 0.0004 0.0010 0.0004 0.0021 0.0008 0.0002. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 1~11, 2003. ~º >Ò* (hydraulic aperture)~ V& B , {K æzö & >w;êê ªj z~ º © . bÒ' * " N& ®º >Ò* ~ V¢ ÚÚ V * Zimmerman" Bodvarsson(1996) Bn. r j Ï~ ÿ¢ òÚ V& * ö & >Ò* j ~& . 5). s 2 3 3 bh= ⟨ b⟩ 1 – 1.5 ------- ⟨ b⟩ . (1). VB <b>º * ï, sº * ~ &ÞN. (1)öB >Ò* , b f bÒ' * b¢ & â ß»j òÒ > ®ê * . (1)f * ~ &ÞN& Ã&>, ¯ V& Ã&> >Ò* 6²~º ©j ¾æÞ . j Ï > Ò* j êÖ Ö"ö V ' ò~ >Ò* f b Ò' * ö V¢ 0.0088 cm~0.0422 cm~ º* ÚöB. · 8j &æ, >Ò* f ² 0.0001 cmöB & 0.0021 cm ò¢ bÒ' * ·f 8j ¾æÞ. (Table 2). êÖj Û >Ò* j Ï~ Darcy »ö " R>ê>¢ bÒ' * j Û >Ò*êêf ÿ¢ 8~ º*¢ <º . Darcy »ö " R>N" R>ê> Ö;f î ³ îj Û &>[~ Î ¦ª î~² Ö> Ú vª FæB &; © . ¾, þf R>W Ô ~ V~·çö 'Ëj Aº z> j Û FÚ vªæ, V~·ç 7 * ~ ' Ëj ² Aº ©b " > ® . V¢B, þöB ÒÏ îj Û R>Nf * ~ 3ßö jf~ º ²* âß»j :ûb ~ * "~ &ê¢ Úb º © z '.~ > ® . ¾, Ú R>þj Û B G; R>N(flow rate)" >Ò* ~ &ê¢ ¾* ¾æÞ Ö" R>N f * ~ 3ßö jf~æ pº ©b ¾æÒ (Fig. 9). GRA~ ãÖº ~ âß»ö "7 &ê¢ ¾æÚ ®æò ò f âß»"º ·çj ¾æÚ ® . ß®, GRD, GRE, GRF~ ãÖº âß»"º ç N¢ <º &ê¢ æ, * ~ æz·ç" R>N"~ &êº º þ ·Ïj r > ®. . ¯, âß»f ï¯6 Îj &; çöB~ * " R>N"~ &ê¢ ¾æÞ æ, ® þöB f ? ï¯~æ pf ¢ ãÖöº j & 'Ï~º ©f '.~æ p . æ, þöB 3 h. 5).
(9) {Kö V * æzf >Ò*êê æz &V. 9. Fig. 9. Relationship between cube of hydraulic aperture and flow rate. (a) GRA, (b) GRB, (c) GRC, (d) GRD, (e) GRE, (f) GRF.. G; * " R>N, Ò R>ê>~ &ê¢ ;{® *~V *Bº ï¯~æ pf ~ V~·ç, ¯ V~ 'Ëj r" ? J~¢ .. .O ;~ j6 ;W>Ú FÚFÿ ßW ¢ öj z .. 26). 5.. 2. ρw gb K= ----------------------------------n 12 µ[ 1 + C( x ) ]. (2). VB Cº ç>, xº V¢ ¾æÚº æ> Ò n f 1 (power) . Fig. 9öB B R>þ Ö"f âß»j ò ~æ pº Fº *öB J« ©¾" ¢;~æ pf * Vö V V 'Ër^æ, ¢ J~ V * þöB >Ò*êêf >Ò* j Ï~ C(x) j êÖ~& (Table 2). êÖÖ"ö ~~ >Ò *êêf C(x) ~ 8f &Ú F;' >jf&ê¢ & ê . ß®, >Ò*êê& &Ë Ôf GRF~ ãÖ C(x) 8 Ö ¸rj r > ® . ¢ Û C(x) f * " >Ò*êê &êö ®Ú * Ã&ö V >Ò*êê Ã&ö Ëb~ j ~ ®b, º V~ B vb ' > ® . ¾" {Kö & * V æ zï" R>W æzï FÒ ãËj æ p ² * N& ®, bÒ' * "º V~ >Ò* Ò~, R>ê> 6 âß»j Væ prf { Kêö V¢ ®ïê ~ æ; B~ r n. n. n. n. Æ ~. ê&® ö (1)f ~ ;& ï¯~æ pf ã Öö & >Ò* j êÖ~Vö ¦'~ . Zimmerman " Bodvarsson(1996) , Yeo(2201) º ç~ V~; ¢ &V~ b~ vªö Ëb j ~º ~ %f ¦ªj C 8b ¾æÚî . f C 8~ ê >¢ J;b ®ïê ç~ >Ò* j . ;{® ;~V * K~& . ¾, f ?f êº ò¶Ú~ ¦' ßWö 'Ëj A~j &ËW ®bæ öBº Bn j Væ p~. . 6, þf çöB {Kö V * æz¢ Úb¶ ©æ öB¾" çöB~ 2 Nö' V~·ç &Vf ê~æ p~ . R>ê>¢ êÖ~º O»f ÿn ¢^ö B Bn>Ú z . ß® z> j V R>ê>~ ê Öf ï¯6 Îj &; âß»j Ï~ êÖ~ Jº ê& ô~b¾, &¦ª~ zC f ï¯~æ p bæ âß»f R>ê> 8j "Ë~º ãË ® ¢¦ *öBº âß»j Væ pº . ¢ ; 5). 27). 8). Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 1~11, 2003.
(10) j÷ ÁÆÖÁ;vÆÁfÏB. 10. ~V * ôf K ®îb¾ , B ~ V~ ·çj Ϫ® J~ R>ê>¢ ;{® êÖ~º © f jç jã® Úææ p ® . V¢B, ® þ öBf ?f ®' V~·çj <º j V R> ê>º Darcy »¾ âß»j V êÖ»bº ; {® êÖ > ì . &¶ f þöB ³ * ¶òf Chae et al.(2002) >¯ V G;Ö"¢ Ï~ îz»(homogenization method)ö V. îÚ O»j Û j V R>ê> êÖj ê ê³. . îz»f ª~~ V~·çj &ê ®î j &çb ² Ê&¢(microscale)~ î º²~ R> ê>¢ êÖ ê, ¢ Ê&¢(macroscale) {Ë ~ R>ê>¢ b *Ú &çÚ~ R>ê>¢ ;{® êÖ > ® . V¢B, öB &çb j V R>ê>~ ;{ êÖf îz» V. ~ ºêö >¯ .; . 5,27,28). 29). 30). 6.. Ö . º æ ~ êö V /{ç¢ þ öB Ò*~ /{ö V * ~ æz·çj Vö B BB G;O» z× ;& Ëj¢ Û G; ê, G;B * æz 8j Æ& >Ò*êê¢ êÖ~ * æzö V >Ò*êê æzßWj 2k~¶ >¯~ & . öBº " þ öB ÒÏ®~ © z ¸f çê~ .6 .& ʺ * ã(confocal laser scanning microscope; CLSM)j Ï~ 5ê~ >ç ¢»{»K æzö V * æzïj ç7 G;~&. . O»f resin ~ bîj "« ãÖ ÿ¢ò¢ Ï ³' * æz G; ®&Ë ©"º Ò ÿ¢òö ê~ {Kj &~B * ~ ³' æz¢ &V > ®r ßû . 6, ÿ¢ ¢»{ »Kj &~B ÚR>þj ~ {Kæzö V R>ê>~ æz¢ ÚÚ, ¢ Û {Kö V * V~ ³' æzf R>ê>~ &ê¢ jv~&. . * G;Ö"º * ~ V& ¢;~æ pb, {K &öö V¢ * ~ æzï ¢;~æ p ¦ªî. ªj "î . ¯, .Vç~ ®ïê V~·çö V¢ * 6²;ê& ¢öj {~ & .. ÚR>þÖ"¢ ' {KêöB~ R>W æ Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 1~11, 2003. zê ¢; 6²Nj ¾æÚæ p~ . 6, {Kö & ÚÊ ò~ * æzN z¢ê R>Nf J®J æz¢ ¾æÚæ pº ãÖê &V>î . º bÒ ' * "º V~ >Ò* Òj æ~º ©bB, B êÖj Ö" ·f 8æò bÒ' * ·f V~ >Ò* r . 6, ÚR >þ Ö"¢ Ï~ R>ê>¢ Ö", R>ê >º âß»j Væ pº ©b ¾æÒ . Ò. f ·ã B ®ïê ·çj &öj ~ ~ º ©bB, * ãj Û ç7 &V * ~ ·ç" ¾ ¢~~º © .. Ò Ò. º 21^V *ÚBBÒë >¶ö~ æ ³' {VFBBÒë~ jæö("B®^ 3-2-1)ö ~ >¯>îÛî .. ^^ò 1. Snow, D. T., “A parallel plate model of fractured permeable media”, Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A., p. 331 (1965). 2. Raven, K. G. and Gale, J. E., “Water flow in a natural rock fracture as a function of stress and sample size”, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 22(4), pp. 251-261 (1985). 3. Brown, S. B., “Fluid flow through rock joints: the effect of surface roughness”, J. Geophys. Res., 92(B2), pp. 1337-1347 (1987). 4. Gale, J. E., “Assessing the permeability characteristics of fractured rock”, GSA Special Paper 189, pp. 163-181. (1982). 5. Zimmerman, R. W. and Bodvarsson, G. S., “Hydraulic conductivity of rock fractures”, Transport in Porous Media, 23, pp. 1-30 (1996) . 6. Gale, J. E. “The effects of fracture type (induced versus natural) on the stress-fracture closure-fracture permeability relationships”, In Proc. 23rd U.S. Rock Mech. Symp., pp. 290-298 (1982). 7. Olsson, W. A. and Brown, S. R., “Hydromechanical response of a fracture undergoing compression and shear”, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 30(7), pp. 845881 (1993). 8. Durham, W. B. and Bonner, B. P., “Self-propping and fluid flow in slightly offset joints at high effective pressures”, J. Geophys. Res., 99(B5), pp. 9391-9399 (1994). 9. Hakami, E. and Larsson, E., “Aperture measurements and flow experiments on a single natural fracture”, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 33(4), pp. 395-404.
(11) {Kö V * æzf >Ò*êê æz &V (1996). 10. Neretnieks, I., “A note on fracture flow dispersion mechanisms in the ground”, Water Resources Res., 19(2), pp. 364370 (1983). 11. Rasmuson, A. and Neretnieks, I., “Radionuclide transport in fast channels in crystalline rock”, Water Resources Res., 22(8), pp. 1247-1256 (1986). 12. Tsang, Y. W. and Tsang, C. F., “Channel model of flow through fractured media”, Water Resources Res., 23(3), pp. 467-479 (1987). 13. Tsang, Y. W., Tsang, C. F., Neretnieks, I. and Moreno, L., “Flow and tracer transport in fractured media: A variable aperture channel model and its properties”, Water Resources Res., 24(12), pp. 2049-2060 (1988) . 14. Berkowitz, B. and Braester, C., “Solute transport in fracture channel and parallel plate models”, Geophys. Res. Letters, 18(2), pp. 227-230 (1991). 15. Brown, S. R., Kranz, R. L. and Bonner, B. P., “Correlation between the surfaces of natural rock joints”, Geophys. Res. Letters, 13, pp. 1430-1433 (1986). 16. Brown, S. R. and Scholz, C. H., “Broad bandwidth study of the topography of natural rock surfaces”, J. Geophys. Res., 90(B14), pp. 12575-12582 (1985). 17. Gale, J. E., “Comparison of coupled fracture deformation and fluid flow models with direct measurements of fracture pore structure and stress-flow properties”, Proc. 28th U.S. Rock Mech. Symp., pp. 1213-1222 (1987). 18. Pyrak-Nolte, L. J., Myer, L. R., Cook, N. G. W. and Witherspoon, P. A., “Hydraulic and mechanical properties of natural fractures in low permeability rock”, Proc. 6th Int. Rock Mech. Symp., pp. 225-231 (1987). 19. Gentier, S., Billaux, D. and Vliet, L., “Laboratory testing of the voids of a fracture”, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 22, pp. 149157 (1989).. 11. 20. Hakami, E. and Stephansson, O., “Experimental technique for aperture studies of intersecting joints”, Proc. ISRM Int. Symp. Eurock '93, pp. 301-308 (1993). 21. Hakami, E. and Barton, N., “Aperture measurements and flow experiments using transparent replicas of rock joints”, In Rock Joints, Barton Stephansson (Eds), Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 383-390 (1990). 22. Hakami, E., “Joint aperture measurements; An experimental technique”, In Proc. Int. Symp. Fractured and Jointed Rock Massses, Lake Tahoe, California, U.S.A. (1992). 23. Persoff, P. and Pruess, K., “Two-phase flow visualization and relative permeability measurement in natural rough-walled rock fractures”, Water Resources Res., 31(5), pp. 1175-1186 (1995). 24. , , , ,“ ”, , 11(3), pp. 315-325 (2001). 25. , , ,“ ”, , 12(4), pp. 405-419 (2002). 26. Domenico, P. A. and Schwartz, F. W., “Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology”, second edition, John Wiley & Sons, (1998). 27. Yeo, I. W., “Effect of contact obstacles on fluid flow in rock fractures”, Geosciences Journal, 5(2), pp. 139-143 (2001). 28. Zimmerman, R. W., Chen, D. -W. and Cook, N. G. W., “The effect of contact area on the permeability of fractures”, Journal of Hydrology, 139, pp. 79-96 (1992). 29. Chae, B.-G., Ichikawa, Y., Jeong, G.-C., Seo, Y.-S., “Roughness measurement of rock discontinuities using a confocal laser scanning microscope and the Fourier sepctral, analysis”, Engineering Geology, In press (2002). 30. Ichikawa, Y., Kawamura, K., Uesugi, K., Seo, Y.-S. and Fujii, N., “Micro- and macrobehavior of granitic rock: observation and viscoelastic homogenization analysis”, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 191, pp. 47-72 (2001).. ;vÆ j÷ fò¢ BÏC z;z~ ¶ç";ö V R>ê> ßW æî j÷ ÇÒÏ ;vÆ ~ .& * ãj Ï ® ³~ V G; æî. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 1~11, 2003.
(12)
관련 문서
The purpose of this study is to verify whether The mediating effects of planned happenstance skills on the relationship between perceived social support
Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between knowledge and awareness of radiation department students and their intent in
This study was to do a comparative analysis on kinematic differences and differences in muscle activity between the skilled and the unskilled in windsurfing
The present study used the guinea pig CPI model to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the development of mature neurons and to evaluate the relationship
This study aims for investigating the relationship between the satisfaction based on one’s participation in physical education class and a physical self-concept
In order to achieve this goal first, PE teachers learning the difference between commitment and satisfaction of junior classes depending on the type of
Determine the variation in longitudinal velocity in the direction normal to the plate, the shear stress at the plate, and the average velocity of flow... (6-11) Consider
Therefore, in order to make advanced composite pallet on digital display production line, this study will analyze stress of the composite pallet according to the
