Geostatistical Interpretation of Water Quality and Hydrogeochemistry of Shallow Groundwater in the Uljin Area, Korea

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(1) , 34, 2 , 175-192, 2001 Econ. Environ. Geol., 34(2), 175-192, 2001.

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(4) . . . . . . Geostatistical Interpretation of Water Quality and Hydrogeochemistry of Shallow Groundwater in the Uljin Area, Korea Nam-Jin Kim1, Seong-Taek Yun1*, Hyoung-Soo Kim2, Kyung-Moon Jung3 and Gyoo-Bum Kim2 1. Department of Earth and Environ. Sci., Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea Korea Water Resources Corporation, Daejon 3 Dohwa Consulting Engineers Co., Seoul 2. We have collected hydrogeochemical data of shallow groundwaters in the Uljin area located at eastern coastal area of Korea. Geostatistical analysis (ANOVA test, cluster analysis, and factor analysis) of the collected data sets was performed, in order to evaluate both the spatial and/or temporal variation of water quality data and the groundwater contamination, as well as the principal reactions occurring in the aquifer. Results of the ANOVA test show that regional water chemistry are not significantly changed spatially in eight watersheds. However, some ions such as Ca2+, HCO3− and SO42− show a meaningful watershed variation. Water chemistry variation according to sampling time (season) is not shown, except for SO42−. The cluster analysis shows that significant water chemistry variation is explained by the distance from the coast. Factor analysis indicates that the water chemistry is changed according to various factors as follows: in the order of decreasing importance, water-rock interaction (mainly, carbonate dissolution), sea-salt spraying, and then contamination by fertilizers and agrochemicals.. Uljin, shallow groundwater, water quality and hydrogeochemistry, geostatistics, sea-salt spray.

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(46) . . Sample no.. Physicochemical data of shallow groundwaters from the Uljin area (sampling date: December 1997) Surface geology. Distance1) Drilling G.W.L.2) Temp. (km) depth (m) (m) (oC). pH. EC3). TDS4). (µS/cm) (mg/l). Dissolved constituents (mg/l) Na. K. Mg. Ca. SiO2. Cl. SO4. HCO3. NO3. 3.8. F. B112. granitic gneiss. 2.4. 2.5. 0.54. 14.0. 7.21. 80. 122.2. 14.2. 1.4. 1.7. 5.2. 38.0. 14.4. 39.7. 3.8. 0.04. G108. granitic gneiss. 5.6. 100.0. artesian. 15.0. 7.20. 200. 226.9. 15.3. 1.9. 4.7. 24.2. 55.4. 8.1. 6.9 109.8. 0.3. 0.36. G121. granitic gneiss. 1.5. 80.0. 7.60. 15.0. 6.72. 120. 104.0. 7.0. 2.1. 3.8. 14.8. 13.6. 6.9. 9.8. 42.0. 4.1. 0.04. G122. limestone. 3.3. 70.0. 22.50. 16.0. 7.21. 400. 383.6. 16.9. 1.9. 13.4. 74.8. 15.8. 48.9. 13.4 177.0. 21.4. 0.08. G151. granitic gneiss. 6.0. 15.7. 5.02. 14.0. 6.89. 220. 116.2. 9.2. 2.4. 4.0. 11.6. 21.4. 9.4. 9.4. 39.7. 9.0. 0.03. G59. biotite granite. 0.4. 3.0. 1.80. 14.0. 7.05. 180. 231.4. 32.4. 1.1. 5.9. 20.4. 30.1. 52.4. 12.7. 70.2. 6.1. 0.12. H53. biotite-hornblende granite. 2.7. 4.8. 1.00. 10.0. 7.32. 150. 197.7. 19.3. 3.5. 7.1. 28.9. 17.0. 31.3. 25.9. 39.7. 24.9. 0.05. H65. biotite-hornblende granite. 1.1. 5.5. 2.55. 12.0. 7.21. 200. 227.8. 14.0. 3.4. 7.1. 41.1. 20.5. 14.1. 39.6. 75.0. 10.8. 2.23. K102. granitic gneiss. 3.3. 1.07. 16.0. 7.39. 140. 112.7. 7.4. 1.8. 5.4. 12.2. 13.5. 10.5. 14.6. 35.1. 12.0. 0.10. 2.3. 5.0. 0.92. 14.0. 7.20. 130. 134.9. 9.8. 1.9. 5.5. 16.3. 15.7. 10.7. 10.7. 58.0. 6.2. 0.09. K164-1 granitic gneiss. 1.0. 3.1. 2.00. 13.0. 7.05. 180. 160.5. 17.1. 3.0. 7.6. 14.2. 16.2. 28.1. 15.7. 42.7. 15.8. 0.05. K176. banded biotite gneiss. 2.8. 3.4. 0.08. 15.0. 7.15. 80. 104.1. 8.0. 1.6. 4.4. 10.1. 16.5. 7.9. 12.5. 36.6. 6.4. 0.06. K41. banded biotite gneiss. 5.2. 3.4. 0.12. 14.0. 6.46. 250. 198.7. 10.6. 2.1. 12.1. 27.2. 13.8. 19.5. 24.9. 54.9. 33.4. 0.29. O48-1. biotite-hornblende granite. 10.9. 1.2. 0.80. 10.0. 7.10. 170. 194.8. 16.0. 2.8. 5.1. 21.3. 38.3. 14.2. 9.0. 36.6. 51.5. 0.10. O60. banded biotite gneiss. 7.9. 6.6. 2.31. 9.0. 6.89. 110. 116.1. 8.6. 1.5. 2.9. 15.0. 14.0. 8.9. 13.4. 45.8. 6.0. 0.15. P107. clastic sed. rock. 4.0. 7.3. 0.80. 13.0. 7.31. 120. 141.1. 9.0. 2.4. 4.3. 19.0. 15.6. 11.5. 14.7. 42.7. 21.7. 0.04. P44. granitic gneiss. 1.0. 11.5. 1.69. 12.0. 6.12. 180. 185.0. 15.2. 2.6. 5.1. 24.0. 20.5. 18.0. 22.2. 76.3. 1.0. 0.08. UL118 granitic gneiss. 0.0. 3.0. 0.55. 13.0. 6.92. 350. 366.9. 49.7. 1.0. 12.4. 37.1. 29.1. 74.9. 32.4. 58.0. 72.3. 0.04. UL81. granitic gneiss. 2.3. 1.9. 0.28. 17.0. 6.50. 110. 119.9. 10.9. 2.3. 5.4. 10.9. 17.8. 14.1. 8.4. 45.8. 4.4. 0.04. UP96. granitic gneiss. 2.3. 5.3. 2.20. 15.0. 6.74. 100. 94.0. 8.0. 2.0. 2.5. 8.1. 12.0. 8.3. 11.0. 36.6. 5.4. 0.17. W124. granitic gneiss. 0.3. 2.7. 0.95. 10.0. 7.10. 250. 232.9. 38.8. 4.6. 9.6. 25.7. 14.4. 65.3. 23.0. W40. limestone. 3.2. 9.6. 0.05. 13.0. 6.61. 220. 313.0. 20.5. 2.5. 9.6. 41.4. 32.8. 24.0. W54 granitic gneiss 6.4 3.7 2.00 8.0 7.25 60 78.9 6.2 1) distance from the coast, 2) ground water level, 3) electrical conductivity, 4) total dissloved solids. 1.1. 2.7. 8.2. 11.4. 5.3. 44.0. 7.3. 0.14. 4.2 177.0. 0.6. 0.36. 7.9. 2.4. 0.09. 33.6. . 2.0. K150-1 banded biotite gneiss.

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(48) Physicochemical. surface geology. Distance1) Drilling G.W.L.2) Temp. (km) depth (m) (m) (oC). pH. Eh EC3) TDS4) (mV) (µS/cm) (mg/l). Dissolved constituents (mg/l) Na. K. Mg. Ca. SiO2. Cl. SO4 HCO3 NO3. F. B112. granitic gneiss. 2.4. 2.5. 0.64. 11.5. 7.23. 82.5. 113.1. 93.6. 11.0. 1.4. 1.7. 4.9. 35.9. 8.4. 1.5. 28.7. 0.0. 0.01. B117. granitic gneiss. 0.5. 3.0. 0.85. 11.4. 6.40. 31.0. 119.0. 83.3. 11.1. 1.5. 2.6. 5.4. 10.4. 10.5. 5.2. 33.1. 3.3. 0.27. B57-1. banded biotite gneiss. 8.0. 1.0. 0.05. 11.4. 5.70. 70.1. 75.6. 62.9. 5.4. 0.6. 1.3. 5.8. 17.8. 6.5. 8.2. 16.3. 1.0. 0.03. H53. biotite-hornblende granite. 2.7. 4.8. 1.16. 12.3. 5.29. 207.0. 387.0. 252.9. 23.8. 2.1. 9.1. 35.6. 14.7. 22.4. 17.0 100.7 27.4. 0.01. H65. biotite-hornblende granite. 1.1. 5.5. 3.25. 12.4. 6.35. 273.3. 189.0. 154.1. 7.4. 1.9. 3.6. 23.8. 12.7. 6.9. 16.8. 2.9. 0.56. J66. granitic gneiss. 4.0. 4.9. 0.64. 13.4. 5.59. 77.5. 300.0. 211.1. 18.5. 1.4. 8.2. 20.6. 47.6. 26.4. 2.6. 65.6 20.1. 0.05. K102. granitic gneiss. 2.0. 3.3. 1.28. 12.0. 6.26. 40.5. 143.0. 98.0. 6.7. 2.0. 5.1. 12.0. 12.2. 8.7. 10.2. 31.4. 9.5. 0.15. K164-1 granitic gneiss. 1.0. 3.1. 2.30. 10.5. 5.57. 80.4. 245.0. 184.4. 21.6. 1.0. 4.5. 11.4. 33.3. 39.6. 13.5. 29.0 30.3. 0.17. K41. banded biotite gneiss. 5.2. 3.4. 0.20. 13.2. 5.57. 80.4. 230.0. 174.3. 11.7. 8.4. 7.7. 13.0. 18.1. 8.4. 5.3. 82.0 19.7. 0.03. O300. clastic sed. rock. 5.8. 8.7. 3.63. 8.5. 6.54. 24.5. 118.7. 84.6. 5.7. 1.0. 2.2. 10.8. 11.1. 6.5. 5.0. 38.9. 3.4. 0.06. O48-1 biotite-hornblende granite. 10.9. 1.2. 0.40. 13.6. 6.24. 41.4. 225.0. 174.2. 11.7. 1.6. 4.9. 21.2. 35.1. 11.3. 7.0. 33.5 47.9. 0.09. 51.9. 2.3. 0.17. 77.5. O60. banded biotite gneiss. 7.9. 6.6. 3.02. 9.0. 6.57. 23.1. 101.2. 86.3. 5.8. 1.1. 1.7. 10.5. 8.6. 0.0. 4.1. P107. clastic sed. rock. 4.0. 7.3. 1.36. 13.0. 5.87. 49.4. 171.4. 145.0. 8.1. 2.9. 3.8. 17.7. 14.5. 17.5. 14.2. 42.7 23.6. 0.02. W124. granitic gneiss. 0.3. 2.7. 1.59. 9.1. 6.11. 49.2. 226.0. 153.6. 21.6. 2.4. 5.7. 13.4. 12.1. 23.1. 9.6. 52.8 12.7. 0.07. W54. granitic gneiss. 6.4. 3.7. 2.14. 11.5. 5.39. 89.0. 125.9. 94.2. 4.3. 1.4. 3.5. 14.1. 10.3. 6.6. 9.0. 38.8. 0.02. 6.1.

(49) . Sample no.. data of shallow groundwaters from the Uljin area (sampling date: April 1998).. 1) distance from the coast, 2) ground water level, 3) electrical conductivity, 4) total dissloved solids. .

(50) . . Sample no.. Physicochemical data of shallow groundwaters from the Uljin area (sampling date: July 1998). Surface geology. Distance1) Drilling G.W.L.2) Temp. (km) depth (m) (m) (oC). pH. EC3) TDS4) (µS/cm) (mg/l). Dissolved constituents (mg/l) Na. K. Mg. Ca. SiO2. Cl. SO4. HCO3. NO3. F. granitic gneiss. 2.4. 2.5. 0.43. 16.4. 6.17. 200. 59.1. 5.4. 2.3. 1.2. 3.3. 17.3. 7.2. 4.5. 15.3. 2.4. 0.15. B117. granitic gneiss. 0.5. 3.0. 0.40. 17.8. 7.13. 160. 67.2. 14.2. 1.8. 3.0. 6.1. 11.2. 13.9. 6.2. 6.1. 4.4. 0.31. B42. granitic gneiss. 3.8. 5.7. 3.05. 17.5. 6.62. 130. 137.6. 9.9. 2.3. 4.4. 18.2. 15.5. 11.0. 27.7. 36.6. 11.7. 0.30. B57-1. banded biotite gneiss. 8.0. 1.0. 0.05. 18.0. 6.99. 90. 54.6. 5.5. 0.7. 1.2. 4.9. 18.8. 6.8. 5.9. 9.8. 0.8. 0.27. G151. granitic gneiss. 6.0. 15.7. 5.23. 15.0. 6.66. 150. 121.5. 6.0. 1.1. 4.4. 12.5. 19.0. 8.6. 7.2. 61.0. 1.6. 0.13. G59. biotite granite. 0.4. 3.0. 1.61. 17.5. 6.67. 250. 346.5. 42.0. 2.0. 14.7. 31.5. 26.5. 68.1. 23.6. 48.8. 89.1. 0.16. H53. biotite-hornblende granite. 2.7. 4.8. 0.90. 19.1. 6.91. 370. 140.0. 9.8. 1.8. 4.6. 17.3. 13.0. 17.8. 12.0. 48.8. 14.8. 0.05. H65. biotite-hornblende granite. 1.1. 5.5. 2.17. 18.7. 6.77. 290. 154.4. 7.9. 1.4. 4.6. 19.5. 14.7. 16.6. 10.8. 70.2. 8.8. 0.05. J66. granitic gneiss. 4.0. 4.9. 0.74. 18.5. 6.94. 280. 247.2. 22.8. 1.7. 8.9. 21.8. 46.1. 43.7. 4.5. 58.0. 39.5. 0.11. K102. granitic gneiss. 2.0. 3.3. 1.15. 19.8. 6.71. 150. 120.1. 7.9. 1.6. 5.6. 12.5. 14.6. 14.2. 12.9. 39.7. 11.1. 0.07. K150-1 banded biotite gneiss. 2.3. 5.0. 0.99. 18.0. 6.36. 130. 116.9. 10.3. 2.2. 4.2. 12.3. 16.5. 19.4. 6.9. 42.7. 2.4. 0.06. K164-1 biotite-hornblende granite. 1.0. 3.1. 1.69. 17.5. 6.53. 230. 189.0. 12.5. 1.6. 5.2. 21.3. 34.2. 16.5. 9.8. 36.6. 51.1. 0.14. K176. banded biotite gneiss. 2.8. 3.4. 0.06. 18.4. 6.46. 90. 85.4. 6.7. 1.1. 2.8. 7.4. 13.2. 10.7. 12.1. 15.3. 15.9. 0.11. K41. banded biotite gneiss. 5.2. 3.4. 0.07. 16.5. 6.93. 280. 151.5. 9.1. 5.3. 6.6. 14.0. 15.3. 26.0. 15.3. 30.5. 29.1. 0.19. O300. clastic sed. rock. 5.8. 8.7. 3.32. 18.8. 6.96. 200. 208.5. 11.0. 1.5. 7.1. 26.8. 16.5. 20.3. 11.8. 83.0. 30.5. 0.09. O48-1. biotite-hornblende granite 10.9. 1.2. 0.42. 17.0. 6.47. 230. 160.6. 21.5. 1.1. 4.1. 9.2. 34.2. 29.8. 9.9. 39.7. 10.9. 0.26. O60. banded biotite gneiss. 7.9. 6.6. 2.70. 19.7. 7.32. 110. 112.0. 7.1. 1.2. 2.7. 14.0. 14.9. 8.4. 7.7. 48.8. 7.1. 0.16. P107. clastic sed. rock. 4.0. 7.3. 1.07. 18.9. 7.26. 150. 162.9. 8.4. 1.8. 4.9. 20.6. 13.5. 16.8. 11.9. 58.0. 27.0. 0.04. P44. granitic gneiss. 1.0. 11.5. N.D.. N.D.. N.D.. N.D.. 139.4. 7.8. 1.3. 4.2. 18.1. 14.1. 13.7. 9.9. 61.0. 9.1. 0.07. UL118 granitic gneiss. 0.0. 3.0. 0.45. 18.2. 6.72. 440. 362.4. 49.7. 1.1. 10.7. 27.5. 31.1. 57.2. 22.0. 85.4. 77.6. 0.05. UP96. granitic gneiss. 2.3. 5.3. 2.20. 17.5. 6.34. 170. 234.3. 27.6. 5.3. 8.2. 17.4. 33.1. 42.1. 7.3. 43.9. 49.2. 0.20. W124. granitic gneiss. 0.3. 2.7. 1.59. 22.0. 6.87. 190. 181.3. 13.0. 1.6. 5.6. 23.5. 14.8. 21.1. 9.3. 73.2. 19.0. 0.20. W40. limestone. 3.2. 9.6. 0.10. 18.4. 6.87. 240. 150.6. 9.9. 1.1. 5.5. 20.4. 13.1. 17.7. 6.0. 73.2. 3.5. 0.21. W54. granitic gneiss. 6.4. 3.7. 2.25. 18.4. 6.20. 200. 110.5. 6.1. 2.1. 5.5. 19.7. 11.8. 10.7. 11.9. 22.9. 19.9. 0.05. 1) distance from the coast, 2) ground water level, 3) electrical conductivity, 4) total dissloved solids. . B112.

(51) . Sample no.. Physicochemical data of shallow groundwaters from the Uljin area (sampling date: September 1998). Surface geology. Distance1) Drilling G.W.L.2) (km) depth (m) (m) 2.5. 0.60. pH. 18.0. 6.52. EC3) TDS4) (µS/cm) (mg/l) 230. 98.9. Dissolved constituents (mg/l) Na. K. Mg. 19.5. 1.2. 2.2. Ca. SiO2. Cl. 5.2. 27.0. 25.1. SO4. HCO3 NO3. F. 1.8. 0.07. 58.0. 8.9. 0.48. 39.7. 11.5. 0.31. 3.9. 9.2. 0.3. 0.04. 6.0. 58.0. 1.2. 0.13. B112. granitic gneiss. 4.6. 12.2. B117. granitic gneiss. 0.5. 3.0. 0.11. 19.0. 7.11. 140. 132.5. 22.9. 3.2. 3.8. 7.9. 11.4. B42. granitic gneiss. 3.8. 5.7. 3.88. 18.0. 6.32. 220. 131.6. 12.0. 2.6. 4.1. 17.5. 15.0. 11.3. 4.8. 10.3. 18.7. B57-1. banded biotite gneiss. 8.0. 1.0. 0.05. 18.0. 6.73. 80. 44.9. 5.3. 0.7. 0.6. 2.5. 18.0. 4.3. G151. granitic gneiss. 6.0. 15.7. 5.48. 18.0. 6.58. 120. 115.9. 6.6. 1.1. 4.5. 13.5. 18.1. 6.8. G59. biotite granite. 0.4. 3.0. 2.03. 18.0. 6.51. 290. 300.1. 47.5. 2.2. 14.1. 30.0. 25.5. 71.6. 23.0. 36.6. 49.5. 0.16. H53. biotite-hornblende granite. 2.7. 4.8. 1.01. 19.0. 6.35. 610. 162.1. 12.3. 2.5. 5.4. 21.5. 13.9. 13.7. 10.8. 67.1. 14.8. 0.06. H65. biotite-hornblende granite. 1.1. 5.5. 2.82. 18.0. 6.57. 410. 136.2. 9.5. 1.4. 4.1. 18.0. 14.9. 12.0. 8.8. 61.0. 6.4. 0.05. J66. granitic gneiss. 4.0. 4.9. 0.63. 19.0. 6.78. 200. 242.1. 24.4. 2.0. 9.1. 23.6. 44.0. 40.1. 4.3. 54.9. 39.6. 0.10. K102. granitic gneiss. 2.0. 3.3. 1.20. 19.0. 6.57. 130. 124.8. 9.5. 1.8. 5.5. 13.0. 14.4. 10.5. 9.8. 48.8. 11.5. 0.05. K150-1. banded biotite gneiss. 2.3. 5.0. 1.08. 18.0. 6.98. 110. 104.4. 7.8. 1.4. 3.8. 11.7. 13.2. 8.4. 5.4. 48.8. 3.7. 0.21. K164-1. granitic gneiss. 1.0. 3.1. 1.96. 18.0. 6.34. 240. 199.3. 26.1. 1.3. 4.8. 11.5. 33.5. 23.8. 13.6. 64.1. 20.4. 0.22. K176. banded biotite gneiss. 2.8. 3.4. 0.15. 19.0. 6.72. 110. 69.0. 8.1. 1.1. 2.1. 5.7. 14.1. 7.3. 8.1. 19.5. 2.9. 0.08. K41. banded biotite gneiss. 5.2. 3.4. 0.27. 17.0. 6.59. 470. 126.2. 14.3. 7.3. 5.1. 3.5. 25.7. 10.8. 14.5. 30.5. 14.4. 0.06. O48-1. biotite-hornblende granite. 10.9. 1.2. 0.41. 18.0. 6.63. 250. 207.8. 17.5. 2.5. 5.9. 23.2. 30.4. 15.9. 9.5. 39.7. 63.0. 0.11. O60. banded biotite gneiss. 7.9. 6.6. 3.81. 20.0. 7.11. 140. 69.6. 7.9. 0.9. 1.0. 4.0. 26.8. 5.5. 4.3. 18.3. 0.8. 0.15. P107. clastic sed. rock. 4.0. 7.3. 1.23. 20.0. 7.02. 140. 137.6. 9.5. 2.2. 4.0. 17.3. 14.9. 8.3. 8.4. 54.9. 17.9. 0.02. P44. granitic gneiss. 1.0. 11.5. N.D.. N.D.. N.D.. N.D.. 119.6. 8.4. 1.3. 3.5. 15.3. 14.5. 8.9. 7.1. 54.9. 5.6. 0.06. UL118. granitic gneiss. 0.0. 3.0. 0.70. 19.0. 6.81. 470. 321.2. 58.6. 1.2. 12.7. 23.5. 32.5. 49.0. 21.8. 39.7. 82.3. 0.05. UL81. granitic gneiss. 2.3. 1.9. 0.33. 21.0. 6.81. 130. 97.7. 9.4. 2.0. 3.4. 7.3. 14.9. 10.3. 4.8. 42.7. 2.8. 0.06. UP96. granitic gneiss. 2.3. 5.3. 2.66. 19.0. 6.52. 130. 217.7. 28.0. 5.6. 7.6. 16.5. 31.0. 38.4. 6.3. 36.6. 47.5. 0.21. W124. granitic gneiss. 0.3. 2.7. 0.61. 20.0. 6.71. 150. 178.2. 14.6. 1.9. 5.1. 22.0. 22.9. 15.3. 8.4. 64.1. 23.7. 0.19. W40. limestone. 3.2. 9.6. 0.22. 19.0. 6.83. 290. 172.0. 14.9. 1.5. 5.7. 21.5. 15.1. 10.2. 6.2. 88.5. 8.2. 0.24. W54. granitic gneiss. 6.4. 3.7. 2.34. 17.0. 6.65. 130. 83.8. 5.2. 1.5. 2.1. 7.8. 14.7. 3.6. 4.0. 39.7. 5.1. 0.03.

(52) . 2.4. Temp. (oC). 1) distance from the coast, 2) ground water level, 3) electrical conductivity, 4) total dissloved solids. .

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(121) . !. 3. . ,2. !/. . A=+. A=+-- ". Distance1) (km). Concentration (mg/l) pH. Na. K. Ca. Mg. SiO2. Cl. SO4. HCO3. NO3. F. TDS. Mean I Min. Max.. 1.3 0.0 4.0. 6.5 5.6 7.1. 23.6 10.6 33.5. 1.2 0.3 2.8. 9.2 5.1 19.5. 5.6 3.5 7.7. 10.1 4.0 22.8. 19.2 3.5 30.7. 2.7 0.6 6.6. 20.1 7.9 50.1. 7.9 1.1 17.7. 0.3 0.0 1.0. 204.2 62.9 366.9. Mean II Min. Max.. 3.8 0.3 10.9. 6.4 5.3 7.4. 15.0 9.8 23.3. 1.7 0.9 4.1. 14.1 8.6 20.9. 6.8 4.8 11.9. 9.8 4.5 16.3. 12.6 6.1 22.4. 4.1 0.7 10.4. 28.4 14.0 44.1. 7.5 0.1 23.2. 0.2 0.0 0.6. 141.9 69.0 313.0. distance from the coast.

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(127) 79& . -> . . J /. !2. . A. 5. A. A 5. . . . F. ,. . .. '$9 '$A=+ 9 $A=+. 9;$A=+. Correlation matrix for group I waters.. logNa logK Mg logCa Cl logSiO2 logSO4 logNO3 logTDS logHCO3 logF pH. logNa. logK. Mg. logCa. Cl. 1.00 0.25 0.82 0.63 0.88 0.53 0.55 0.81 0.85 0.29 -0.20 0.40. 1.00 0.24 0.22 0.16 -0.10 -0.09 0.26 0.21 0.10 0.46 0.28. 1.00 0.86 0.89 0.49 0.56 0.85 0.89 0.38 -0.29 0.27. 1.00 0.77 0.44 0.56 0.73 0.90 0.65 -0.19 0.23. 1.00 0.53 0.66 0.74 0.86 0.27 -0.30 0.32. logSiO2 logSO4 logNO3 logTDS logHCO3. 1.00 0.06 0.64 0.64 0.25 -0.37 -0.15. 1.00 0.39 0.57 0.22 -0.11 0.19. 1.00 0.88 0.43 -0.15 0.14. 1.00 0.63 -0.20 0.22. 1.00 0.02 0.04. logF. pH. 1.00 0.25. 1.00.

(128) . Rotated. component matrix for group I waters.. . Rotated component matrix for group II waters.. Component. Component. 1. 2. 3. logNa logK Mg logCa Cl logSiO2 logSO4 logNO3 logTDS logHCO3 logF pH. 0.57 0.27 0.67 0.75 0.55 0.74 0.13 0.81 0.84 0.72 -0.16 -0.14. 0.72 0.06 0.66 0.50 0.78 0.04 0.78 0.42 0.53 -0.03 -0.16 0.63. 0.01 0.80 -0.04 0.05 -0.11 -0.40 -0.13 0.02 -0.01 0.18 0.83 0.49. eigen value % variance. 4.19 34.87. 3.32 27.66. 1.79 14.92. logNa logK Mg Cl logHCO3 logNO3 logSiO2 logSO4 logTDS logCa eigen value % variance. 1. 2. 3. 0.70 0.31 0.80 0.71 0.85 0.02 0.25 0.20 0.87 0.85. 0.30 0.69 0.34 0.48 -0.43 0.76 0.05 0.82 0.25 0.21. 0.46 0.18 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.27 0.92 -0.33 0.39 0.21. 4.05 40.49. 2.44 24.46. 1.49 14.86. >: 6 ¤ 2 ²122 KY * @ U, 'ã \12 U'< L * _ *Y2O 7;E @H2W% tx9 « 6õ12 , x Ò0 _ Â'@ Â9 h! vO MN *12O ¿î ,6@ f vO V M9 #Y[ ; \12 *C'< 6õ ¢ *12O B ¿î @ f û _ @ 8 788i n uSC * @ D< ìØ' u9 +L ¬çS }e9 ë u @3 5: 8D # 23 : 1% u¹ ,7 >Ó1 2 V &ç Ì BJ{ k*/, Ì V #uµ9 /u! è< ="> . "-. ;< Ù¬' u n9 +L ¬ ç S }e9 ë u @3 ü : 1% R u¹ >Ó6è < u¹ ¸0 b >1> , Î g V# $% 2 V &ç { / * 2 *C'< ^ _ Ç@ ! }e9 ë u @3 3ÊH MN : 1% u¹ ë ; ä , %% 93 }e t :, t<2O * _ *Y U9 Y \12 *C '< !3 '@ t<@3 ~ U .O /ý \12 U'< - t<@3 A ,. . -$. 21 ,50. . A=+. B. +(. 9. ;. 89(. 4. '(. . $. . !5 330. !. ;. '. +( 8. 9 . .

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