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Cytogenetic Analysis of Starry Flounder Platichthys stellatus from Korea

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Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(4),431-434,2014

한수지 47(4), 431-434, 2014

Note

431

Copyright © 2014 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815

서 론

어류의염색체조작을통한자성발생성

2

배체생산은단기간 순계를확립할있는장점이있고

,

특히그의성결정기작 암컷동형접합성

(XX female)

경우유도된자성발생성 컷을생리학적성전환기법으로생산한가짜수컷과대조군 컷을교배시킴으로서암컷집단을손쉽게생산할있는 점이있어많은양식어류에적용되어왔다

(Kim et al., 1993).

, Paralichthys olivaceus

우리나라를포함한동북아지방에 선호되고있는양식어종으로최근에는칠레중남미에서 새로운양식대상종으로각광받고있어우리나라에서는

Gold- en Seed Project (GSP)

사업을통해우량넙치의종묘를전세계

수출하기위한계획을수립하고

2013

년부터그간국립수산

과학원육종센터에서선발육종기법을통하여생산한

킹넙치

(KingNupchi)’

불임종묘를수출하기위한연구를수행하고

있다

(NFRDI, 2013).

그간자성발생성

2

배체는감성돔또는참돔의정자를불활성 화시켜유도한있다

(Kim et al., 1993; Yamamoto, 1999).

러나상기어종들은모두봄에산란하는종으로이들종의정자 이용하는데제한이있으므로이를해소하기위한적절한 종의선택이필요하다

.

강도다리

(Platichthys stellatus)

가자미목

(Pleuronectiformes),

가자미과

(Pleuronectidae)

속하는저서성어류로

,

우리나라 동해안일본중부이북

,

러시아미국캘리포니아만에 르는저수온대에분포하는대형종으로서강한내병성광염 등의특징때문에최근우리나라에서양식생산량이점차 가되고있다

(Nam et al., 2008; Kim, 2012).

이에연구에서는저수온기넙치의자성발생성

2

배체유도 강도다리의정자를이용하고자종에대한세포의크기와

DNA

함량등을조사하였고

,

본종이넙치와잡종이유도

(Nam et al., 2008)

되는점을감안

,

염색체에대한핵형분석과아울

, Ag-NOR banding

실시함으로써불완전한처리에의해

강도다리(Platichthys stellatus)에 대한 세포유전학적 연구

정효선·김연경·김현철

2

·노재구

2

·이정호

2

·김동수

1

*

부경대학교 해양용 LMO 위해성 평가 센터, 1부경대학교 해양바이오신소재학과, 2국립수산과학원 육종연구센터

Cytogenetic Analysis of Starry Flounder Platichthys stellatus from Korea

Hyo Sun Jung, Youn Kyoung Kim, Hyun Chul Kim

2

, Jae-Koo Noh

2

, Jong-Ho Lee

2

and Dong Soo Kim

1*

Risk Assessment Center of Marine Living Modified Organisms, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea

1

Department of Marine Bio-Materials & Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea

2

Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Geoje 656-842, Korea Cytogenetic analysis was conducted to obtain basic information for chromosome manipulation of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus . Nuclear surface area and volume of erythrocyte were 7.60±0.93 μm

2

and 12.80±1.75 μm

3

, re- spectively. The haploid DNA content of the species was 0.66 pg/haploid cell which correspond to 93% of olive floun- der Paralichthys olivaceus . A karyotype analysis was also carried out with the species using conventional staining and Ag-NOR banding techniques. It was consisted of 48 acrocentric chromosomes and inter-sex or intra-individual polymorphism was not detected in all specimens analyzed. The NOR regions, appearing a terminal position of the short arm of the smallest acrocentric pairs.

Key words: Starry flounder, Cell and nuclear sizes, Genome size, Karyotype, Ag-NORs

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/)which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2014.0431 Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(4) 431-434, August 2014

Received 7 April 2014; Revised 23 May 2014; Accepted 27 May 2014

*Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 51. 629. 5914 Fax: +82. 51. 629. 5908

E-mail address: [email protected]

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정효선

김연경

김현철

노재구

이정호

김동수

432

종간잡종또는잡종

3

배체가유도되었을

,

넙치의염색체 쉽게구별할있는마커염색체를찾고자하였다

.

재료 및 방법

실험어

세포유전학적분석을위하여거제도의민간양식장과부산시 남천동의수산시장에서구입한어체중

350-500 g

강도다리

14

마리를사용하였다

.

세포 및 핵의 크기 분석

적혈구의세포와크기를측정하기위해강도다리의미병 미부정맥으로부터 말초혈액을 채취한 슬라이드에 말하여

95% ethanol

에서

5

분간고정한다음

5% Giemsa

용액에서

15

분간 염색하였다

.

적혈구 세포와 핵의 장경

(a)

단경

(b)

광학현미경에서

micrometer

측정하였다

.

표면적은

(a)·(b)·π/4 (Sezaki and Kobayashi, 1978),

부피는

4(a/2)·(b/2)

π/3 (Lemoine and Smith, 1980)

공식에의하여 계산하였다

.

DNA 함량 분석

DNA

함량을분석하기 위해

Flowcytometry

수행하였다

.

강도다리의꼬리지느러미를면도칼로 세절한

nucleic ex- traction buffer (Partec, Germany)

250 μL

넣고

20

분간 실에서반응시킨

, staining buffer (Partec, Germany)

1 mL

첨가하여암실에서

1

시간동안반응하였다

.

염색한시료

30 μm

체로거른

PartecPA-Ⅱ flowcytometer (Partec, Germany)

DNA

함량을측정하였다

.

염색체 분석

강도다리의염색체판별핵형분석을위해신장직접법

(Kim et al., 1982)

이용하였다

.

실험군에

colchicine

5-10 μ g/g

체중의용량으로복강주사하고

4-5

시간방치한신장 적출세절한상온에서저장액

(0.075 M KCl)

처리하고 고정액

(ethanol : glacial acetic acid = 3: 1)

으로

3

회에걸쳐 정하였다

.

슬라이드표본은공기건조법으로작성되었으며

,

성된슬라이드표본은

5% Giemsa

염색용액에

15

분간염색하 광학현미경에서중기염색체상을관찰하였다

.

슬라이드

10

여개의판독가능한염색체중기분열상을대상으로계수

하였으며

,

분열상이뚜렷한시료를대상으로사진촬영하여 형을분석하였다

.

염색체의 Nuclear organizer regions (NORs) 분석

강도다리의염색체

NORs

분석하기위해

Goodpasture and Bloom (1975)

방법을약간수정하여사용하였다

.

결과 및 고찰

어류의적혈구세포핵의크기조사는배수체의판단 잡종의세포유전학적특징을연구하는데유용하게이용 되고있다

(Benfey, 1989).

이에강도다리의세포핵의크기 측정한결과적혈구세포장축은

8.12±1.15 μm,

단축은

5.60±0.63 μm

였으며

,

표면적은

35.58±6.01 μm

2

,

부피는

134.07±34.36 μm

3였다

.

또한적혈구핵의장축은

3.88±0.71 μm,

단축은

2.53±0.25 μm

였으며

,

표면적은

7.60±0.93 μm

2

,

부피는

12.80±1.75 μm

3관찰되었다

(Table 1).

이를

Kim et al. (1993)

보고한넙치와비교적혈구세포의표면적

피는

85-87%

정도로서앞으로본종을이용하여자성발생성

생산이를분석할있는하나의기준이있을것으 생각된다

.

DNA

함량은종에따라고유하며진화정도에따라일반적으

증가하고

,

단시간에정확하게함량을분석할있는 점이있어고유의특성을분석하는데유용하게사용되고

(Byrappa, 2003).

따라서앞으로넙치의자성발생성개체를 유도적절치못한조건에의해유도된잡종또는잡종

3

배체

DNA

분석을통해선별하기위해이미보고되어있는넙치

(0.71 pg/haploid cell; Animal genome size database, 2014)

대조군으로하여측정한결과

,

강도다리의

DNA

함량은

0.66 pg/haploid cell

확인되어

(Table 2)

넙치의

93%

로서앞으로 자성발생성 넙치

,

넙치와강도다리간 잡종 잡종

3

배체의

DNA

함량분석에유용하게쓰일있을것으로사료된다

.

Fig. 1a

1b

강도다리의암컷수컷의중기분열상이다

.

강도다리암컷

2

마리

,

수컷

5

마리를대상으로개체당

10

이상의 중기분열상을 분석한 결과

,

강도다리의 염색체수는

2n=48

그리고핵형은차단부염색체가

24

쌍이었다

.

수간 색체수의차이는없었으며

,

개체간세포간염색체다형현상 관찰되지않았다

(Fig. 1c - 1d).

그러나암수모두가장작은

1

쌍의차단부염색체의단완부위가매우것이관찰되었으

Table 1. Comparison of cell and nuclear sizes of Platichthys stellatus

Cell Nucleus

Major axis (μm) 8.12 ± 1.15 3.88 ± 0.71

Minor axis (μm) 5.60 ± 0.63 2.53 ± 0.25

Surface area (μm2) 35.58 ± 6.01 7.60 ± 0.93

Volume (μm3) 134.07 ± 34.36 12.80 ± 1.75

(3)

강도다리에 대한 세포유전학적 분석

433

Ag-NOR banding

결과부위가매우진하게염색되어 형성부위인것으로판명되었다

(Fig. 2).

중국산강도다리의경우

Li (2009)

2n=48

이며

46

단부 색체와

1

쌍의차중부염색체로구성되어있다고보고한

.

그러나연구에서

Ag-NOR banding

방법을통하여이들 Fig. 1. Metaphase and idiogram of female (a & c) and male (b &

d) Platichthys stellatus. Arrows indicate large short armed chro- mosomes.

Fig. 2. Silver-stained metaphases of female (a) and male (b) Platichthys stellatus and partial karyotype of Ag-NOR positive chromosome pairs (c & d). Arrows indicate silver-stained NORs signal.

Table 2. Genome size of Platichthys stellatus determined by flow cytometry

Specis Fish

No. Channel value

of mean C/V C-value

(pg/haploid cell)

Paralichthys olivaceus

1 113.64 10.47

2 111.04 9.59

3 105.51 16.42

4 116.7 7.7

Mean 111.72 0.711

Platichthys stellatus

1 101.71 10.44

2 102.25 11.21

3 100.32 13.88

4 111.12 9.31

Mean 103.85 ± 4.91 0.66

1 http://www.genomesize.com/

염색체를분석한결과

,

일반염색에의하여진하게염색되는 쌍의작은차단부염색체의단완부위는

NOR positive

부분인 것으로확인되었다

.

따라서앞으로중국산강도다리에대하여

Ag-NOR banding

통해재분석을하여야것으로생각된

.

사 사

연구는농림축산식품부

해양수산부

농촌진흥청

산림청의

지원과제수출용킹넙치의배수체종자개발

(

과제번호

213004-

04-1-1SB220)

의해수행되었습니다

.

(4)

정효선

김연경

김현철

노재구

이정호

김동수

434

References

Animal Genome Size Database, 2014. Vertebrates-Fishes hap- loid C-value. Retrieved from http://www.genomesize.com on March 27.

Benfey TJ. 1989. A bibliography of triploid fish 1943 to 1988.

Can Tech Rep Fish Aqua Sci 1682, 33.

Byrappa V. 2003. Evolution and diversity of fish genomes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 13, 588-592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.

gde.2003.09.001.

Goodpasture C and Bloom SE. 1975. Visualization of nucleolar organizer regions in mammalian chromosomes using silver staining. Chromosoma 53, 37-50.

Kim DS, Park EH and Kim JS. 1982. Karyotypes of nine spe- cies of the Korean catfishes (Teleostomi:Siluriformes). Kor J Genet 4, 57-68.

Kim DS, Kim JH, Jo JY, Moon YB and Cho KC. 1993. Induc- tion of gynogenetic diploid in Paralichthys olivaceus. Gene

& Genomics 48, 179-186.

Kim PK. 2012. Growth performance and digestive characteris- tics of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus on the moist and extruded pellets. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 45, 679-685.

Lemoine HLJr and Smith LT. 1980. Polyploidy induced in brook trout by cold shock. Trans Fish Soc 109, 626-631.

Li D. 2009. Studies on karyotype and digestive physiology of

Platichthys stellatus Pallas. M.S. Thesis, Ocean University

of China, Qingdao, China.

Nam MM, Byun SG, Lee BI, Lee JH and Kim YC. 2008. Mor- phological characteristics of the hybrids of female flounder

Paralichthys olivaceus and male starry flounder Platichthys stellatus. Kor J Ichthyol 20, 258-290.

NFRDI. 2013. Olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Golden Seed project report. Golden Seed project report, 24-36, 1-533.

Sezaki K and Kobayashi H. 1978. Comparison of erythrocytic size between diploid and tetraploid in spinous loach, Cobitis biwae. Bull Jap Soc Sci Fish 41, 851-854.

Yamamoto E. 1999. Studies on sex-manipulation and produc- tion of cloned populations in hirame, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel). Aquaculture 173, 235-246.

수치

Table 1. Comparison of cell and nuclear sizes of Platichthys stellatus
Table 2. Genome size of Platichthys stellatus determined by flow cytometry

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